Nevil Maskelyne was the fifth British Astronomer Royal. He held the office from 1765 to 1811. He was the first person to scientifically measure the mass of the planet Earth. He created The Nautical Almanac, in full the British Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris for the Meridian of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich using Tobias Mayer's corrections for Euler's Lunar Theory tables.
Nevil Maskelyne
Maskelyne's tomb in Purton, Wiltshire
Tables requisite to be used with the astronomical and nautical ephemeris for finding the latitude and longitude at sea, 1781
Astronomer Royal is a senior post in the Royal Households of the United Kingdom. There are two officers, the senior being the astronomer royal dating from 22 June 1675; the junior is the astronomer royal for Scotland dating from 1834. The Astronomer Royal works to make observations to improve navigation, cartography, instrument design, and applications of geomagnetism. The position was created with the overall goal of discovering a way to determine longitude at sea when out of sight of land.
John Flamsteed, the first astronomer royal, by Thomas Gibson. Royal Society, London.
Image: John Flamsteed 1702
Image: Edmond Halley 072
Image: James Bradley by Thomas Hudson