Northern soul is a music and dance movement that emerged in Northern England and the Midlands in the early 1970s. It developed from the British mod scene, based on a particular style of Black American soul music with a heavy beat and fast tempo.
The clenched fist logo came to represent the Northern soul movement in the 1970s.
The site of the Twisted Wheel, in 2013
Commemorative plaque on the site of The Golden Torch
Tommy Hunt appearing at a Wigan Casino reunion event in 2002
Mod, from the word modernist, is a subculture that began in 1950s London and spread throughout Great Britain, eventually influencing fashions and trends in other countries. It continues today on a smaller scale. Focused on music and fashion, the subculture has its roots in a small group of stylish London-based young men and women in the late 1950s who were termed modernists because they listened to modern jazz. Elements of the mod subculture include fashion ; music and motor scooters. In the mid-1960s, the subculture listened to rock groups such as the Who and Small Faces. The original mod scene was associated with amphetamine-fuelled all-night jazz dancing at clubs.
Two mid-1960s mods on a customised Lambretta scooter
Quadrophenia exhibit at the Cotswold Motor Museum in Bourton-on-the-Water in 2007
Small Faces in 1965
Carnaby Street in "Swinging London" circa 1966