Ordre des Palmes académiques
The Ordre des Palmes académiques is a national order bestowed by the French Republic on distinguished academics and teachers and for valuable service to universities, education and science. Originally established in 1808 by Emperor Napoleon as a decoration to honour eminent members of the University of Paris, it was changed into its current form as an order of merit on 4 October 1955 by President René Coty, making it one of the oldest civil honours bestowed by the French Republic.
Commander's neck badge and ribbon
Certificate of Ordre des Palmes académiques
Image: Chevalier palmes academiques
Image: Ordre des Palmes académiques
The Resistance Medal was a decoration bestowed by the French Committee of National Liberation, based in the United Kingdom, during World War II. It was established by a decree of General Charles de Gaulle on 9 February 1943 "to recognize the remarkable acts of faith and of courage that, in France, in the empire and abroad, have contributed to the resistance of the French people against the enemy and against its accomplices since 18 June 1940".
The Resistance medal with rosette (obverse). The red stripes in this sample have faded to a lighter color due to the passage of time.
Reverse of the Resistance medal
Free French Officer and OSS Agent René Joyeuse, a recipient of the Resistance medal with rosette
Resistance member Léo Figuères, a recipient of the Resistance medal