Piet Retief
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Pieter Mauritz Retief was a Voortrekker leader. Settling in 1814 in the frontier region of the Cape Colony, he later assumed command of punitive expeditions during the sixth Xhosa War. He became a spokesperson for the frontier farmers who voiced their discontent, and wrote the Voortrekkers' declaration at their departure from the colony.
Statue at the Voortrekker Monument
Xhosa Wars
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The Xhosa Wars were a series of nine wars between the Xhosa Kingdom and the British Empire as well as Trekboers in what is now the Eastern Cape in South Africa. These events were the longest-running military resistance against European colonialism in Africa.
A column of Xhosa warriors, crossing a ravine in the frontier mountains
Sir Andries Stockenström, 1st Baronet, and veteran of several Xhosa wars
The Fengu ("Fingoes"), known across southern Africa as skilled gunmen, were invaluable allies of the Cape Colony in its frontier wars.
Shoot-out between Xhosa and long, slow-moving British army column.