Pre-Pottery Neolithic B
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Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) is part of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, a Neolithic culture centered in upper Mesopotamia and the Levant, dating to c. 10,800 – c. 8,500 years ago, that is, 8800–6500 BC. It was typed by British archaeologist Kathleen Kenyon during her archaeological excavations at Jericho in the West Bank.
Area of the Fertile Crescent, c. 7500 BC, with main Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites. The area of Mesopotamia proper was not fully settled by humans.
Plastered skulls in situ at Yiftahel
Reconstitution of housing in Aşıklı Höyük, modern Turkey
ʿAin Ghazal statues: closeup of one of the bicephalous statues, c. 6500 BC.
Pre-Pottery Neolithic
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The Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) represents the early Neolithic in the Levantine and upper Mesopotamian region of the Fertile Crescent, dating to c. 12,000 – c. 8,500 years ago,. It succeeds the Natufian culture of the Epipalaeolithic Near East, as the domestication of plants and animals was in its formative stages, having possibly been induced by the Younger Dryas.
Area of the Fertile Crescent, c. 7500 BC, with main Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites. The area of Mesopotamia proper was not yet settled by humans.
Sculpture of a predatory animal, Göbekli Tepe, circa 9000 BC
Urfa Man, c. 9000 BC. Şanlıurfa Archaeology and Mosaic Museum.
Footed bowl in granite, Syria, end of 8th millennium BC.