1.
Hip hop music
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It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
Hip hop music
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1520 Sedgwick Avenue, the Bronx, a venue used by Kool Herc that is often considered the birthplace of hip hop in 1973
Hip hop music
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DJ Kool Herc, recognized as one of the earliest hip hop artists
Hip hop music
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Grandmaster Flash
Hip hop music
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Afrika Bambaataa (left)
2.
Conscious hip hop
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Political hip hop is a subgenre of hip hop music that was developed in the 1980s as a way of turning rap music into a call for action and a form of social activism. Inspired by 1970s political preachers such as The Last Poets and musician Gil Scott-Heron and it has helped to create a new form of social expression for subordinate groups to speak about their exclusions, injustices and lack of power. Political hip hop is the use of hip hop music to send messages to inspire action or to convince the listener of a particular worldview. There is no all-encompassing political hip hop ideology, rather, there are perspectives that range anywhere from Libertarianism to the values of the Five Percent Nation. Conscious hip hop is not necessarily overtly political, but the two are used interchangeably. The term nation-conscious rap has been used to specifically describe hip hop music with strong political messages and themes. Themes of conscious hip hop include afrocentricity, religion, aversion to crime & violence, culture, songs expressing the theme of black pride include James Browns Say it Loud, and Billy Pauls Am I Black Enough for You. The ideals articulated by Gil Scott-Heron and other artists were not a reality, changes in predominant African-American musical genres were closely correlated with major transformations in the sociopolitical and economic environment for African Americans. One of the first socially conscious hip-hop songs was How We Gonna Make The Black Nation Rise. by Brother D with Collective Effort, furthermore, the complex sociopolitical issues before hip hop and during all of its stages severely influenced its birth and direction. Examples of conscious and political hip-hop music throughout the decades include Whodinis Growing Up, Kurtis Blow, early gangsta rap often showed significant overlap with political and conscious rap. Pioneers in the rap genre such as Ice-T, N. W. A. Ice-Ts work would focus on other topics, for example, he rapped about free speech on his third album. Ice Cubes first two albums were produced by the hip hop production team the Bomb Squad, known for their work with the rap group Public Enemy. Furthermore, Ice Cube produced and appeared on the controversial and radical political rap/gangsta rap album Guerillas in tha Mist by Da Lench Mob in the wake of the 1992 Los Angeles Riots, the artists who consistently produce conscious rap are largely underground. However, mainstream artists are increasingly including elements of conscious hip-hop in their songs, there are hundreds of artists whose music could be described as political or who identify as political rappers, see the List of Political hip hop artists page for a partial list. Hip Hops outreach to the world is widespread. From the onset of hip hop in the 80s throughout the 90s the culture was either ignored or criticized by politicians on both sides, there was one cultural idea that seemed to have bi-partisan support, that rap music was a symptom of the destruction of American values. This opinion, however, fails to recognize the oppression and injustices experienced by blacks and other minority groups which rap music
Conscious hip hop
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Rakim performing in 1998
Conscious hip hop
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Five-Percent emblem
3.
Mass Appeal Records
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Mass Appeal Records is an American independent record label founded in 2014. The label is the division of the Mass Appeal Media Group. In May 2014, it was announced that American rapper Nas was launching a label with Mass Appeal. Nas has stated that he plans to release the sequel to his album The Lost Tapes. The label is also working on its first compilation album, set to be released in the near future, following his signing to Mass Appeal Records, Fashawn released his long-awaited second album The Ecology on February 24,2015. The album features guest appearances by Nas, Aloe Blacc, Dom Kennedy, on 24 October 2014, the label released Run the Jewels album Run the Jewels 2. The album was crowned as #1 album of the year by Pitchfork, Stereogum and Spin, in 2015, Marvel Comics released comic book covers inspired by Run the Jewels. Mass Appeal Records released The Mountain Will Fall, the studio album by DJ Shadow on 24 June,2016. It was his first studio album since 2011s The Less You Know, the album was no.1 on Top Dance/Electronic Albums at Billboard. On December 4,2015, the label released Pimp Cs fifth album, following year, on 15 April 2016, the label released J Dillas vocal album The Diary. The album was ranked at no.2 spot in Most Promising Record Store Day releases on Pitchfork, NPR included Fuck the Police in their Songs We Love segment
Mass Appeal Records
4.
Big Dada
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Big Dada is a British independent record label imprint distributed by Ninja Tune. It was started by reputed hip hop journalist Will Ashon in 1997, Big Dadas first release was Alpha Prhymes 12-inch single Misanthropic, a collaboration between Luke Vibert and Juice Aleem in 1997. In 2007, Big Dada released the compilation Well Deep to celebrate their tenth anniversary, NME said the label was not only a platform for the British urban underground but also attracts some of the most progressive wordsmiths and beat-scientists in the whole world. Big Dada are still pushing things forward, as the quote suggests, Big Dada is not exclusively a label for British acts. Their roster has featured contributions from American hip hop artists including Bigg Jus, Busdriver, Mike Ladd. On 8 September 2009, Big Dada artist Speech Debelle won the 2009 Barclaycard Mercury Prize for her debut album Speech Therapy produced by Wayne Lotek and it was the labels third nomination, after Roots Manuvas Run Come Save Me in 2002 and Tys Upwards in 2003. Roots Manuva, one of the labels best known artist, signed a new deal with the label in 2011, in the 2007 documentary for the label Well Deep, he said, Its been a lovely relationship over the years. Big Dadas unique and it always be unique because its a philosophy. Its unique because it dares to stick its neck out and its run by people who love music. Its not just a label, its a movement
Big Dada
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Big Dada logo (1997-2012)
5.
Boots (musician)
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Jordan Asher, better known as Boots, is an American record producer, singer, rapper, songwriter and musician. He first gained recognition in 2013 for his significant contributions to American singer-songwriter Beyoncés critically acclaimed self-titled fifth studio album, Jordan Asher was a frontman of bands such as Blonds, Young Circles, Blond Fuzz and Stonefox. In June 2013, he was signed to rapper Jay-Zs entertainment company and Sony Music Entertainment imprint, Roc Nation, under the pseudonym Boots. In the same month, a film featuring music by Boots was released. With his contributions to Beyoncés self-titled fifth studio album, released in December 2013, Boots came onto the music scene largely unknown. Upon the release of Beyoncé, he updated his Facebook page, saying he had working on for most of the past year. Boots contributed additional production, background vocals and instruments to the albums first R&B/hip hop single, Drunk in Love, featuring Jay-Z. Beyoncé later referenced Boots work on the album, saying he is a new producer that completely respect, that he is an innovator, and she is so proud to work with him. In an interview with The New York Times, Boots would not speak of his previous projects or how Beyoncé found his demo, a last-ditch bout of songwriting yielded “Im On To You, ” a moody minor-key song with layers of eerie background voices and a particular rhythmic undertow. He saw it as a template for a solo album, “That song was my heart, ” he said. At his first meeting with Beyoncé, he had written songs he believed would resonate with her. Beyoncé refused to leave the song alone, saying to Boots, the song became Haunted, and the previous title Im On To You was instead recorded as a phrase in the songs refrain. Following an infuriating meeting with a label, Boots wrote the stream of consciousness rap from Ghost. She identified with its content as she had similar experiences from signing a contract at a young age. Boots made the song in a state, saying, I started with guitars. And then I completely contained them within the beat, on February 13,2014 Beyoncés official Facebook page shared a link to Boots personal website which contained an original composition titled Dust with an accompanying music video. The song was of the first to be released which featured Boots singing lead vocals, on March 11,2014 Boots released two more songs. One titled Howl as well as another titled Autumn which featured R&B artist Kelela, the release of Autumn included another music video, directed by Boots
Boots (musician)
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Boots
6.
Zach de la Rocha
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Zacharias Manuel Zack de la Rocha is an American musician, poet, rapper, and activist. He is best known as the vocalist and lyricist of rap metal band Rage Against the Machine from 1991–2000 and he left Rage Against the Machine in October 2000 and embarked on a solo career. With former Mars Volta drummer Jon Theodore, de la Rocha also co-founded One Day as a Lion in 2008 and his father played an integral part in his cultural upbringing. Beto was a muralist and a member of Los Four, the first Chicano art collective to be exhibited at a museum. De la Rocha later described Irvine as one of the most racist cities imaginable and said if you were a Mexican in Irvine. De la Rocha became a vegetarian as a teenager, de la Rocha met Tim Commerford in elementary school, and in junior high school, they both played guitar in a band called Juvenile Expression. De la Rochas interest in rock bands like The Clash, The Misfits, Sex Pistols, and Bad Religion turned into an appreciation for other bands like Minor Threat, Bad Brains. In high school, he joined the straight edge band Hardstance, the band released a single record, No Spiritual Surrender, on Revelation Records in 1990 before breaking up. I channeled all my anger out through that band, the band was named for an unreleased Inside Out song, Rage Against the Machine. Rage Against the Machine was on the stage at Lollapalooza in 1993 and was one of the most politically charged bands ever to receive extensive airplay from radio. Rages second and third albums peaked at one in the United States. He became increasingly restless and undertook collaborations with such as KRS-One, Chuck D. The other members of the band sought out separate management and secured the release of Renegades. After searching for a replacement for de la Rocha, the members of Rage joined Chris Cornell of Soundgarden to form Audioslave. The album never came to fruition, and de la Rocha started a new collaboration with Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails, in which around 20 tracks were produced. Reznor thought the work was excellent, but said the songs will never be released as de la Rocha was not ready to make a record at that time. A new collaboration between de la Rocha and DJ Shadow, the song March of Death was released for online in 2003 in protest against the imminent invasion of Iraq. This album also contained No One Left, the recording by former Rage Against the Machine guitarist Tom Morello as The Nightwatchman
Zach de la Rocha
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De la Rocha performing with Rage Against the Machine in Indio, California on April 29, 2007
Zach de la Rocha
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De la Rocha performing live
Zach de la Rocha
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Zack de la Rocha on stage with Rage Against the Machine in 2007
Zach de la Rocha
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De la Rocha performing with Rage Against the Machine at Coachella 2007
7.
DJ Shadow
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Joshua Paul Josh Davis, better known by his stage name DJ Shadow, is an American record producer and DJ. He first gained notice with the release of his acclaimed debut studio album. He has a record collection of over 60,000 records. During this period he was significant in developing the experimental hip-hop style associated with the London-based Mo Wax record label. His early singles, including In/Flux and Lost and Found, were genre-bending, merging elements of funk, rock, hip hop, ambient, jazz, soul, and used-bin found records. Andy Pemberton, a music journalist, writing for Mixmag, coined the term trip hop in June 1994 to describe Shadows In/Flux single and similar tracks being spun in London clubs at the time. He has cited Kurtis Mantronik, Steinski, and Prince Paul as influences on his sound, further claiming that lyrics were confining. His music rarely features more than short clips of voices or vocal work, during 1991-1992, DJ Shadow remixes were released on Hollywood BASIC, a short-lived rap/hip-hop subsidiary label of Hollywood Records. Also in 1992, Shadow contributed scratching and production work to Sleeping with the Enemy, early in 1993, Shadow was a part of the creation of the Solesides underground hip-hop label, in conjunction with Blackalicious and Lyrics Born. Rapper Gift of Gab is featured in the version of Count, Shadow continued to participate in releases on the Solesides label for years to come, until the label was disbanded in favor of Quannum Projects. Also in 1993, Mo Waxs James Lavelle contacted Shadow about releasing In/Flux on the fledgling imprint, the association with Mo Wax was a productive one, his tracks In/Flux and Lost and Found made their way onto some releases over the next few years. Shadow also worked with DJ Krush during this period, on a 1995 visit to the Mo Wax Studios in London, England, Shadow was recruited to perform scratches on a James Lavelle and Tim Goldsworthy mix of the Massive Attack song Karmacoma. Shadows first full-length work, Endtroducing. was released in late 1996 to critical acclaim, Endtroducing would go on to make the Guinness World Records book for First Completely Sampled Album in 2001. In November 2006 Time magazine named it one of its All-Time 100 best albums, in November 2014, automobile maker Chevrolet used a sample of DJ Shadows Building Steam With a Grain of Salt in a Chevy commercial. In 1998 Shadow released Preemptive Strike, a compilation of early singles, around 2000 he produced the score for the documentary Dark Days filmed by British director Marc Singer. This film is about a community of transients who live underground in a subway tunnel and it has six award wins in various competitions. Nearly six years after his debut album, his second album. In the same year, the movie Scratch was released to DVD with DJ Shadow appearing several times throughout the movie, a video for his track Six Days was also released in 2002, directed by Wong Kar-wai
DJ Shadow
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DJ Shadow in 2007
8.
El-P
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Jaime Meline, better known by his stage name El-P, is an American hip hop recording artist, record producer, and record executive. El-P is the co-founder, owner, and chief officer of the Definitive Jux record label. He is also a member of The Weathermen and art collective Cardboard City, in 2013, he formed the hip-hop duo Run the Jewels with collaborator Killer Mike. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Meline is the son of jazz pianist Harry Keyes and is of Cajun, Irish, Jewish, and Lithuanian descent. Getting involved with the hip hop culture of New York City at an early age, at his 18th birthday party, he met Mr. Len, whom he had hired as a DJ for the night. The two quickly became friends and formed Company Flow in 1993 and they released their first vinyl single, Juvenile Techniques, in 1993. Bigg Jus later joined the group and in 1996 the trio released its debut EP, subject to a major-label bidding war after the success of the EP, Company Flow waited until it could get a contract on its own terms. The group eventually signed with Rawkus Records, and released its debut full-length album, after an instrumental album titled Little Johnny From the Hospitul, Breaks & Instrumentals Vol.1, also on Rawkus, disagreements between El-P and the label led to Company Flow leaving Rawkus. Company Flow dissolved amicably in 2001 and the following year El-P released his solo album Fantastic Damage. 2005 saw the release of Collecting the Kid, an odds-and-ends assortment including work from High Water and Bomb the System, El-Ps second proper studio album, Ill Sleep When Youre Dead, was released on March 20,2007. It generally received favorable reviews and became El-Ps most commercially successful album as a solo artist to date. In an interview about Ill Sleep When Youre Dead, he himself as an atheist. In October 2009, El-P announced that he was working on his studio album. El-P also was a part of a group called Central Services, which consisted of El-P, Camu Tao, in the fall of 2010, the EP Forever Frozen in Television Time, was released exclusively on the Def Jux digital download service. In August 2011, it was announced that El-P signed with Fat Possum Records, later that month, El-P released a single off the upcoming album, via the Adult Swim Singles program, titled Drones Over BKLYN. On February 22,2012 El-P announced on his Facebook page that Cancer 4 Cure was officially complete, the album was later released to music retailers on May 22. Run the Jewels, a current collaboration of El-P with Atlanta-based rapper Killer Mike, was formed in 2013, the two rappers were introduced by Adult Swim executive Jason DeMarco in 2011. The meeting led to several collaborations, including Killer Mike being featured on the song Tougher Colder Killer from Cancer 4 Cure while El-P produced the entirety of Killer Mikes sixth album R. A. P
El-P
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El-P live at Irving Plaza, February 10, 2007
9.
Run the Jewels (album)
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Run the Jewels is the debut studio album by American hip hop duo Run the Jewels, which consists of Killer Mike and El-P. The album was released on June 26,2013, through Fools Gold Records, on April 9,2013, Killer Mike and El-P announced they would be releasing a collaborative album under the name Run the Jewels. On May 15,2013, El-P announced on his Twitter account that they had finished the album, on June 12,2013, it was announced that the album would be released on June 29,2013. On June 25,2013, Killer Mike announced on his Twitter account that the album would be released the following day, on April 29,2013, the first song from the album, Get It, was released. On May 31,2013, the song from the album, Banana Clipper. On June 7,2013, the song from the album,36 Chain, was released. On July 16,2013, the video was released for 36 Chain. The album was released in Europe on January 13,2014, on October 24,2013, the music video was released for Get It. On December 21,2013, the video was released for A Christmas Fucking Miracle. At Metacritic, the received an average score of 86 out of 100, based on 25 reviews. But, on record, their relationship felt mostly lopsided and uneven, Run the Jewels, on the other hand, is the very synthesis of El-P and Mike’s shared admiration and cohesive worldviews, an effort of the purest collaboration and mutual understanding. Now, let your heart fill with love and bang your head up. Maya Kalev of Fact gave the four out of five stars, saying Run the Jewels is savage and witty, rich in gritty truths. It may not be the best thing either artist has done, philip Cosores of Paste gave the album an 8.6 out of 10, saying It’s powerful in both delivery and in effect, without being heavy-handed or sacrificing form. Both rappers take the opportunity to show their longtime supporters that they were all these years. And to those bandwagoners jumping on just now, pretty sure you are welcome, the combination of Killer Mikes menacing Hulk power and El-Ps sneering quips and lively production make Run the Jewels a thrilling experience. Everything about RTJ is hyperbolic excess -- both in attitude and sound -- stomping boot prints into the concrete and hurling innocent bystanders through brick walls. It’s all laid out over old-school 808 beats that’ll make your head bounce and this is especially true during the summer months when most singles feature heavy doses of molly, Ciroc and bullshit lyrics
Run the Jewels (album)
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Run the Jewels
10.
Run the Jewels 2
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Run the Jewels 2 is the second studio album by American hip hop duo Run the Jewels, which consists of Killer Mike and El-P. The album was released early for free on October 24,2014, and it was made available on CD and LP by Mass Appeal Records and RED Distribution on October 28,2014. Run the Jewels 2 received widespread acclaim from critics for its darker and more layered production, Killer Mike and El-Ps lyricism and chemistry, several publications also ranked it as the best album of 2014, including Pitchfork, Complex and Stereogum. The album debuted at number 50 on the Billboard 200, selling 12,000 copies in the first week, a parody remix album, Meow the Jewels, was released for free featuring beats created entirely from cat sounds. In addition to Meow the Jewels, a remix album was scheduled to be released by Fools Gold Records in 2015 as well. On September 2,2014, Run the Jewels released a song titled Blockbuster Night, Pt.1, on September 15,2014, Run the Jewels released Oh My Darling Dont Cry, the second offering from the album. Oh My Darling Dont Cry was later released on September 30,2014, via digital distribution, Run the Jewels 2 received widespread acclaim from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications. David Jeffries of AllMusic stated, If the first album was the supernova, RTJ2 is the RTJ universe forming, proving that Mike and El-Ps one-off can be a going, club stated, The sequel takes the simplistic thrills of the debut and expands the duos natural chemistry. With Killer Mike grounded at the emotional core, El-P is free to indulge in his intrepid production tendencies. In The Irish Times, Jim Carroll dubbed the album a case of upping the ante all round, pat Levy of Consequence of Sound said, An album like RTJ2 is rare. Decades from now, this album may just be revered as one of the best hip-hop records of our era, paul Maclnnes of The Guardian stated, While the duo deliver hard-nosed disses at a rate of knots. Early, meanwhile, matches distorted synth with an old-school storytelling piece about pursuit and its an unrelenting style, which may sound like overkill to some, but theres no disputing its power and sophisticated composition. Kellan Miller of HipHopDX stated, Throughout RTJ2 holds his own rhyming alongside a superior wordsmith, james Rainis of Slant Magazine stated, RTJ2 is the rare sequel that bests the beloved original in almost every facet. Dan Rys of XXL said, For people looking for soulful, melodic hip-hop, neither is it one for the kids who just want to repeat two words over and over again and call it a hook while jumping up and down and punching the air repeatedly. When listening to RTJ2, those feelings are translated into punches aimed at faces instead of spaces, the beats are grimy—typical of an El-P-produced project—and add even more grit to an album that doesn’t ooze confidence so much as shoves you in the chest with it. The pairs second album, released as a free download last week, al Horner of NME said, Cranking the urgency and confrontation of last years self-titled debut to neck-breaking levels of intensity, RTJ2 is an urgent, paranoid album for a violent, panicked time. Its a bleak future Run The Jewels envision for America, but as long as Mike and El-P are collaborating, ian Cohen of Pitchfork stated, Sounding like nothing else and answering to nobody but its creators, Run the Jewels 2 is in a class by itself
Run the Jewels 2
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Run the Jewels 2
11.
Cartoon Network
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Cartoon Network is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Time Warner through the Turner Broadcasting System subsidiary. It was founded by Betty Cohen and launched on October 1,1992, the channel primarily broadcasts childrens shows, mostly animated programming, ranging from action to animated comedy. It operates daily from 6,00 AM to 11,00 PM, a Spanish language audio track for select programs is accessible via second audio programing, some cable and satellite companies offer the Spanish feed as a separate channel. It is also the channel of Turner-owned Boomerang. As of January 2016, Cartoon Network is available to approximately 94.0 million pay television households in the United States, however, Turner kept much of MGMs film and television library made prior to May 1986 and formed Turner Entertainment. On October 3,1988, its cable channel Turner Network Television was launched and had gained an audience with its film library. In 1991, Turner Entertainment purchased animation studio Hanna-Barbera Productions for US $320 million, on February 18,1992, Turner Broadcasting System announced its plans to launch the Cartoon Network as an outlet for Turners considerable library of animation. Initial programming on the channel consisted exclusively of reruns of classic Warner Bros. cartoons, the 1933–1957 Popeye cartoons, MGM cartoons, at first, cable providers in New York City, Philadelphia, Washington D. C. and Detroit carried the channel. By the time the network launched, Cartoon Network had an 8, from its launch until 1995, the networks announcers said the networks name with the word The added before Cartoon Network, thus calling the network The Cartoon Network. By the time that the network debuted, Cartoon Network also operated a block that aired on TNT. Cartoon Network was not the first cable channel to have relied on cartoons to attract an audience, however, Turner Broadcasting System had defied conventional wisdom before by launching CNN, a channel providing 24-hour news coverage. Initially, the channel would broadcast cartoons 24 hours a day, late Night Black and White showed early black-and-white cartoons, and ToonHeads would show three shorts with a similar theme and provide trivia about the cartoons. There was also an afternoon block called High Noon Toons. The majority of the animation that was shown on Cartoon Network no longer air on a regular basis, with the exception of Tom and Jerry. A challenge for Cartoon Network was to overcome its low penetration of existing cable systems, when launched on October 1,1992, the channel was only carried by 233 cable systems. However, it benefited from package deals, New subscribers to sister channels TNT and TBS could also get access to Cartoon Network through such deals. The high ratings of Cartoon Network over the couple of years led to more cable systems including it. By the end of 1994, Cartoon Network had become the fifth most popular channel in the United States
Cartoon Network
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Cartoon Network
12.
R.A.P. Music
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Music is the fifth studio album by American hip hop recording artist Killer Mike. It was released on May 15,2012, via Williams Street Records, the word R. A. P. in the albums title is an acronym for Rebellious African People. The albums production was handled entirely by Brooklyn-based hip-hop producer El-P, Killer Mike and El-P have gone on to form the group Run The Jewels and release three studio albums together. Music received widespread acclaim from music critics, among those who reviewed the album positively was AllMusic editor David Jeffries, who stated rapper Killer Mike already had an incredibly strong discography before R. A. P. Music landed Revolutionary stuff and absolutely no fluff, R. A. P, club praised the albums production and Mikes politically charged lyrics and wrote feels like the culmination of his unusual career. Pitchfork Medias Ian Cohen designated it Best New Music and noted that even if R. A. P, Music doesnt break enough rules or have enough of a platform to reach the levels of Fear of a Black Planet or Straight Outta Compton or Death Certificate. It does come off as the kind of powerful mid-career album those acts shouldve been able to make as hip-hops elder spokesmen, sputnikmusic staff Sobhi Youssef praised El-Ps synth-bass-heavy production and Mikes lyricism, and praised the album as a hip-hop masterpiece to be remembered for years to come. In a less positive review, NME writer Henry Barnes stated that Mike has dabbled with politics in the past, and even made forays into experimental soul. Music lacks the fury and vitality that usually sustains him, the ambition is to be applauded, but half the album’s a grind. Complex named the album the 32nd best of 2012, the album was listed 23rd on Stereogums list of top 50 albums of 2012. English magazine The Wire named the album the 27th best of 2012
R.A.P. Music
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R.A.P. Music
13.
Zack de la Rocha
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Zacharias Manuel Zack de la Rocha is an American musician, poet, rapper, and activist. He is best known as the vocalist and lyricist of rap metal band Rage Against the Machine from 1991–2000 and he left Rage Against the Machine in October 2000 and embarked on a solo career. With former Mars Volta drummer Jon Theodore, de la Rocha also co-founded One Day as a Lion in 2008 and his father played an integral part in his cultural upbringing. Beto was a muralist and a member of Los Four, the first Chicano art collective to be exhibited at a museum. De la Rocha later described Irvine as one of the most racist cities imaginable and said if you were a Mexican in Irvine. De la Rocha became a vegetarian as a teenager, de la Rocha met Tim Commerford in elementary school, and in junior high school, they both played guitar in a band called Juvenile Expression. De la Rochas interest in rock bands like The Clash, The Misfits, Sex Pistols, and Bad Religion turned into an appreciation for other bands like Minor Threat, Bad Brains. In high school, he joined the straight edge band Hardstance, the band released a single record, No Spiritual Surrender, on Revelation Records in 1990 before breaking up. I channeled all my anger out through that band, the band was named for an unreleased Inside Out song, Rage Against the Machine. Rage Against the Machine was on the stage at Lollapalooza in 1993 and was one of the most politically charged bands ever to receive extensive airplay from radio. Rages second and third albums peaked at one in the United States. He became increasingly restless and undertook collaborations with such as KRS-One, Chuck D. The other members of the band sought out separate management and secured the release of Renegades. After searching for a replacement for de la Rocha, the members of Rage joined Chris Cornell of Soundgarden to form Audioslave. The album never came to fruition, and de la Rocha started a new collaboration with Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails, in which around 20 tracks were produced. Reznor thought the work was excellent, but said the songs will never be released as de la Rocha was not ready to make a record at that time. A new collaboration between de la Rocha and DJ Shadow, the song March of Death was released for online in 2003 in protest against the imminent invasion of Iraq. This album also contained No One Left, the recording by former Rage Against the Machine guitarist Tom Morello as The Nightwatchman
Zack de la Rocha
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De la Rocha performing with Rage Against the Machine in Indio, California on April 29, 2007
Zack de la Rocha
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De la Rocha performing live
Zack de la Rocha
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Zack de la Rocha on stage with Rage Against the Machine in 2007
Zack de la Rocha
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De la Rocha performing with Rage Against the Machine at Coachella 2007
14.
Run The Jewels 2
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Run the Jewels 2 is the second studio album by American hip hop duo Run the Jewels, which consists of Killer Mike and El-P. The album was released early for free on October 24,2014, and it was made available on CD and LP by Mass Appeal Records and RED Distribution on October 28,2014. Run the Jewels 2 received widespread acclaim from critics for its darker and more layered production, Killer Mike and El-Ps lyricism and chemistry, several publications also ranked it as the best album of 2014, including Pitchfork, Complex and Stereogum. The album debuted at number 50 on the Billboard 200, selling 12,000 copies in the first week, a parody remix album, Meow the Jewels, was released for free featuring beats created entirely from cat sounds. In addition to Meow the Jewels, a remix album was scheduled to be released by Fools Gold Records in 2015 as well. On September 2,2014, Run the Jewels released a song titled Blockbuster Night, Pt.1, on September 15,2014, Run the Jewels released Oh My Darling Dont Cry, the second offering from the album. Oh My Darling Dont Cry was later released on September 30,2014, via digital distribution, Run the Jewels 2 received widespread acclaim from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications. David Jeffries of AllMusic stated, If the first album was the supernova, RTJ2 is the RTJ universe forming, proving that Mike and El-Ps one-off can be a going, club stated, The sequel takes the simplistic thrills of the debut and expands the duos natural chemistry. With Killer Mike grounded at the emotional core, El-P is free to indulge in his intrepid production tendencies. In The Irish Times, Jim Carroll dubbed the album a case of upping the ante all round, pat Levy of Consequence of Sound said, An album like RTJ2 is rare. Decades from now, this album may just be revered as one of the best hip-hop records of our era, paul Maclnnes of The Guardian stated, While the duo deliver hard-nosed disses at a rate of knots. Early, meanwhile, matches distorted synth with an old-school storytelling piece about pursuit and its an unrelenting style, which may sound like overkill to some, but theres no disputing its power and sophisticated composition. Kellan Miller of HipHopDX stated, Throughout RTJ2 holds his own rhyming alongside a superior wordsmith, james Rainis of Slant Magazine stated, RTJ2 is the rare sequel that bests the beloved original in almost every facet. Dan Rys of XXL said, For people looking for soulful, melodic hip-hop, neither is it one for the kids who just want to repeat two words over and over again and call it a hook while jumping up and down and punching the air repeatedly. When listening to RTJ2, those feelings are translated into punches aimed at faces instead of spaces, the beats are grimy—typical of an El-P-produced project—and add even more grit to an album that doesn’t ooze confidence so much as shoves you in the chest with it. The pairs second album, released as a free download last week, al Horner of NME said, Cranking the urgency and confrontation of last years self-titled debut to neck-breaking levels of intensity, RTJ2 is an urgent, paranoid album for a violent, panicked time. Its a bleak future Run The Jewels envision for America, but as long as Mike and El-P are collaborating, ian Cohen of Pitchfork stated, Sounding like nothing else and answering to nobody but its creators, Run the Jewels 2 is in a class by itself
Run The Jewels 2
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Run the Jewels 2
15.
Cat communication
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Cat communication is the transfer of information by one or more cats that has an effect on the current or future behaviour of another animal, including humans. Cats use a range of communication modalities including vocal, visual, tactile, the communication modalities used by domestic cats have been affected by domestication. Cat vocalisations have been categorised according to a range of characteristics, brown et al. Miller classified vocalisations into 5 categories according to the sound produced, the purr, chirr, call, meow and growl/snarl/hiss. The purr is a continuous, soft, vibrating sound made in the throat by most species of felines, domestic kittens can purr as early as two days of age. This tonal rumbling can characterize different personalities in domestic cats, purring is often believed to indicate a positive emotional state, but cats sometimes purr when they are ill, tense, or experiencing traumatic or painful moments. The mechanism of how cats purr is elusive and this is partly because cats do not have a unique anatomical feature that is clearly responsible for this vocalization. Combined with the inhalation and exhalation as the cat breathes. Purring is sometimes accompanied by sounds, though this varies between individuals. Some may only purr, while other cats include low level outbursts sometimes described as lurps or yowps, domestic cats purr at varying frequencies. One study reported that domestic cats purr at average frequencies of 21.98 Hz in the phase and 23.24 Hz in the ingressive phase with an overall mean of 22.6 Hz. Further research on purring in four domestic cats found that the fundamental frequency varied between 20.94 and 27.21 Hz for the phase and between 23.0 and 26.09 Hz for the ingressive phase. One study on a single cheetah showed it purred with a frequency of 20.87 Hz and 18.32 Hz. A further study on four adult cheetahs found that mean frequencies were between 19.3 Hz and 20.5 Hz in ingressive phases, and between 21.9 Hz and 23.4 Hz in egressive phases. The egressive phases were longer than ingressive phases and moreover, the amplitude was greater in the egressive phases and it was once believed that only the cats of the genus Felis could purr. However, felids of the genus Panthera also produce sounds similar to purring, the ‘roaring cats’ have an incompletely ossified hyoid, which according to this theory, enables them to roar but not to purr. On the other hand, the leopard, as the fifth felid species with an incompletely ossified hyoid. All remaining species of the family Felidae have a completely ossified hyoid which enables them to purr, the most familiar vocalisation of adult cats is a meow or miaow sound. The meow can be assertive, plaintive, friendly, bold, welcoming, attention soliciting, demanding and it can even be silent, where the cat opens its mouth but does not vocalize
Cat communication
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A primary mode of cat communication is body language such as the position of the ears and mouth.
Cat communication
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Relaxed tomcat lying on his back.
Cat communication
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A cat meowing for attention
Cat communication
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A cat hissing and arching its back to make itself appear larger to ward off a threat.
16.
Prince Paul (producer)
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Paul Edward Huston, better known by his stage name Prince Paul, is an American disc jockey, record producer and recording artist from Amityville, New York. Paul began his career as a DJ for Stetsasonic, since then he has worked on albums by Boogie Down Productions, MC Lyte, Big Daddy Kane and 3rd Bass, among others. In 1994, Paul joined RZA, Frukwan and Too Poetic in Gravediggaz and his first solo album, Psychoanalysis, What Is It. came out in 1997, followed by a second album, A Prince Among Thieves, in 1999. Later that year Prince Paul formed Handsome Boy Modeling School with Dan the Automator, Prince Paul was one of the original members of Stetsasonic. He joined the group in 1984 after impressing Daddy-O with his routine in the Brevoit Day Celebration DJ battle in Brooklyn, Daddy-O was struck by Pauls energy, saying that he performed his routine with Liquid Liquids song Cavern, like he was mad at the turntables. Prince Paul produced tracks on 3rd Bass 1989 debut The Cactus Album, De La Soul is Dead received a five mic album review from The Source. According to Paul,3 Feet High and Rising had a budget of about $20,000 dollars and took a month and a half to make. In Brian Colemans book Check the Technique Paul reflected on his work with De La Soul by saying, If there was ever a sign of the existence of God, I’ve never had such a perfect fit in any other production situation. In 1990, Russell Simmons gave Prince Paul an imprint under his Def Jam label, however the only album, in 1995, Prince Paul co-produced guitarist Vernon Reids solo debut with Teo Macero. In 1996, he appeared on the Red Hot Organizations compilation CD, America is Dying Slowly, alongside Wu-Tang Clan, Coolio, the CD, meant to raise awareness of the AIDS epidemic among African American men, was called a masterpiece by The Source magazine. In 1996, during the recording sessions for Stakes Is High, De La Soul. Although Paul was not involved in the making of the album, he has praised it in interviews, once saying. I was trying to out the next thing I was going to do, I was going through a custody case for my son. There were a lot of going on at the time and in a sense. After this he released two albums, Psychoanalysis, What is It. and A Prince Among Thieves, featuring Big Daddy Kane, Xzibit, Kool Keith. Prince Paul formed Handsome Boy Modeling School with Dan the Automator, featured Sean Lennon, Del tha Funkee Homosapien, Alec Empire, and Don Novello. He was also paired up with Deltron 3030 on their album for the song The Fantabulous Rap Extravaganza. Prince Pauls 2003 album Politics of the Business again featured many guests such as Chuck D, Ice-T, the Beatnuts, the latter also collaborated on a track Paul composed for the SpongeBob SquarePants Movie soundtrack
Prince Paul (producer)
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Prince Paul in 2000
17.
The Alchemist (musician)
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Daniel Alan Maman, professionally known as The Alchemist, is an American record producer, disc jockey and rapper from Beverly Hills, California. He began his career in 1991 in the hip hop duo The Whooliganz under the moniker Mudfoot. He is currently working as a DJ with Action Bronson and he produces for many artists, most of his recent production is for a close group of frequent collaborative rappers. He focuses on producing albums for rappers and Instrumental projects of his own. Together with his long time collaborator Oh No, Woody Jackson and Tangerine Dream, as a teenager, Maman began to identify strongly with the rebellious lyrics and urban sounds of hip-hop, and he began writing his own lyrics. He joined up with other like-minded artists who wrote lyrics and rebelled against their suburban surroundings and these included Shifty Shellshock of Crazy Town, Evidence and Scott Caan, son of James Caan. In 1991, a 14-year-old Maman and Scott Caan decided to become a duo named The Whooliganz, while rhyming at a party in L. A. they attracted the attention of B-Real of Cypress Hill. He invited the teens to join his crew, The Soul Assassins, in 1993, the Whooliganz released their first single, Put Your Handz Up. The song received radio airplay and their record label, Tommy Boy Records. Rejected, Scott focused his energy on acting while Al became interested in process of making hip-hop beats. DJ Muggs took Al under his wing and taught him how to use a sampler, after helping to produce a few tracks for Cypress Hill, Al became the main producer for his childhood friend, Evidence and his group Dilated Peoples. When Dilated Peoples debuted in 1998, they helped promote Maman as a key part of their sound, Alchemist also produced several tracks on the debut album Focused Daily by Defari, another Dilated and Alkaholik affiliate. In 1999, Muggs introduced Al to his friends, the popular hip-hop group Mobb Deep. Al produced two songs for their Murda Muzik album, impressed by his production skills and street smarts, Mobb Deep took him under their wing, using his beats on all their subsequent albums. As Alchemists profile increased, he went on to produce for many of hip hops most successful and prominent artists, such as Nas, Fat Joe, Jadakiss, Ghostface Killah and he has also remixed songs for bands and artists in other genres such as Linkin Park and Morcheeba. Al stayed loyal to his old friends, continuing to produce for Dilated, Cypress Hill and he also enjoys producing for lesser-known underground rappers, often giving them some of his best beats. In 2004, six years after his rapping career folded, The Alchemist put out his debut album, the album yielded the single Hold You Down, which hit number ninety-five on the Billboard Hot 100 in 2005. In 1999, The Alchemist was set to three tracks for American rapper Ras Kass then-upcoming album Van Gogh, which was scheduled for a late 2000 release at the time
The Alchemist (musician)
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The Alchemist performing during March 2014
The Alchemist (musician)
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Gangrene performing in March 2014.
18.
Record Store Day
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Record Store Day is an annual event inaugurated in 2007 and held on one Saturday every April to celebrate the culture of the independently owned record store. The day brings together fans, artists, and thousands of independent record stores across the world, a number of records are pressed specifically for Record Store Day, with a unique list of releases for each country, and are only distributed to shops participating in the event. The event began in the United States and remains headquartered there, Record Store Day has official international organizers in the UK, Ireland, France, Germany, The Netherlands, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Australia, and Spain. Each store holds their own party for the day, to celebrate the individuality of each store. Record Store Day is managed on a basis by the Dept. of Record Stores, along with the Coalition of Independent Music Stores. Universal Musics sales manager, Marc Fayd’Herbe, has described Record Store Day as the single best thing that has happened for independent record shops. In their 2015 Libera awards, the American Association of Independent Music awarded Record Store Day its Marketplace Ally award, Record Store Day 2016 produced the biggest week of sales for the vinyl LP format since the introduction of SoundScan. Metallica officially kicked off the event at Rasputin Music in Mountain View on April 19, there were approximately 10 special Record Store Day releases in the first year, including releases by Death Cab For Cutie, R. E. M. Stephen Malkmus, Vampire Weekend, The Teenagers, Black Kids, billy Bragg met Record Store Day co-founder Michael Kurtz in an airport and agreed to help kick off Record Store Day in the UK with a special live appearance. Approximately 300 stores launched Record Store Day in the USA, including Waterloo Records, School Kids Records, the total number of artist appearances in the US was approximately 500. Wilcos Jeff Tweedy announced that there would be no Wilco if it werent for independent record stores, eagles of Death Metals Jesse Hughes announced that he was the official Ambassador of Record Store Day and the band made an appearance at Rhino Records. The third annual Record Store Day took place on Saturday, April 17,2010, the official ambassador for the event was Joshua Homme. The official book of the event was Last Shop Standing, Whatever Happened to Record Shops by Graham Jones, NYC Mayor Mike Bloomberg and New York City once again honored the day. Anything Anything with Rich Russo released an album of local bands performing on his radio show as well as doing a bus tour visiting numerous New York. The years event was celebrated by giving young artists an opportunity to showcase their talent in the form of a national Record Store Day. Local, participating independent record stores nominated one local high school band by picking a cut from the bands supplied recording and entered their name, a panel of record executives and members from the Fender Corporation judged the entrants. Nine national semi-finalists were chosen to appear on an edition, compilation vinyl LP of their winning songs. Pressed by Gotta Groove, the LP features digital convenience, on the day of the event, it was announced that the grand prize winning band was SANUK, an indie band of HS students from Indianapolis, Indiana
Record Store Day
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Record Store Day
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Record Store Day 2014 at Drift Records, Totnes.
19.
SL Jones
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Bryan SL Jones is an American rapper and songwriter. Jones was born in Flint, Michigan and shortly moved with his family to Little Rock, Arkansas. He described his neighborhood as being in a part of the city. He regularly raps about and references his hometown and neighborhood, with the number 23, taken from the streets name, serving as a recurring theme in his music. While growing up, Jones spent a time back in Flint. Upon beginning his career in music, the name SL Jones was selected with SL representing the words Second Letter, as in the letter B, the second letter of the alphabet. Jones first gained awareness when he began working with Killer Mike, Pill, Nario, Big Slimm, Da Bill Collector, and others as a part of Grind Time Official, also referred to as Grind Time Rap Gang. While working closely with Grind Time, SL Jones appeared on a number of mixtapes and official retail albums, in 2009, SL Jones released his first solo mixtape C. O. L. O. R. S. The mixtape included features from Killer Mike, Trae Tha Truth, Clipse, Chamillionaire, in 2011, SL Jones released four projects. The mixtape received positive feedback, with XXL Magazine awarding the project an L-rated review, while Atlantas leading alternative weekly, on August 23,2011, The Number 23 was re-released in a slimmed down, non-DJ format titled The Number 23, Editors Cut. This version, with a total of 16 songs, included two new tracks, Out Here, which features Rocko and JBar, and Michael Jordan, on September 14,2011, SL Jones released Pandamonium, a project that remixed Clams Casinos Rainforest EP. On December 14,2011, SL Jones released a mixtape, the 10-track project included production by several producers, including Sonny Digital, Young L, Lex Luger, and Shawty Redd. XXL writes. the tape is another dosage of quality material from SL, in February 2012, SL Jones announced the collaborative project, titled Paraphernalia. In concert with the announcement, SL Jones released “Wave Runner, on May 23, SL Jones released Paraphernalia, which includes features from rappers Freddie Gibbs and Rittz and singer Ebony Love. Critical response to Paraphernalia was positive, Complex Magazine hailed the mixtape as an expertly crafted piece of Southern-fried hip-hop. FADER Magazine wrote, Paraphernalia boasts variety, songcraft and attention to detail, RCRD LBL wrote, Paraphernalia is like spending the day at a barbecue. Theres soulful lyricism and the sort of stoned throwback organic funk at which Burn One excels, the Smoking Section wrote, My best advice is not to sleep on Paraphernalia. In 2013, SL Jones announced a new EP, Trappers Delight, the EP included seven songs and earned strong marks from outlets like Complex, XXL, and others
SL Jones
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SL Jones in concert at A3C in 2011
20.
Madison Square Garden
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Madison Square Garden, often called MSG or simply The Garden, is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the New York City borough of Manhattan. Located in Midtown Manhattan between 7th and 8th Avenues from 31st to 33rd Streets, it is situated atop Pennsylvania Station. The Garden is used for basketball and ice hockey, as well as boxing, concerts, ice shows, circuses, professional wrestling and other forms of sports. It is close to other midtown Manhattan landmarks, including the Empire State Building, Koreatown and it is home to the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League, the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association, and residency to singer-songwriter Billy Joel. The Garden opened on February 11,1968, and is the oldest major sporting facility in the New York metropolitan area and it is the oldest arena in the National Hockey League and the second-oldest arena in the National Basketball Association. MSG is the fourth-busiest music arena in the world in terms of sales, behind The O2 Arena. At a total construction cost of approximately $1.1 billion and it is part of the Pennsylvania Plaza office and retail complex. Several other operating entities related to the Garden share its name, Madison Square is formed by the intersection of 5th Avenue and Broadway at 23rd Street in Manhattan. It was named after James Madison, fourth President of the United States, two venues called Madison Square Garden were located just northeast of the square, the first from 1879 to 1890, and the second from 1890 to 1925. The first Garden, leased to P. T. Barnum, had no roof and was inconvenient to use during inclement weather, Madison Square Garden II was designed by noted architect Stanford White. The new building was built by a syndicate which included J. P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, P. T. Barnum, Darius Mills, James Stillman and W. W. Astor. It was 200 feet by 485 feet, and the main hall and it had a 1, 200-seat theatre, a concert hall with a capacity of 1,500, the largest restaurant in the city and a roof garden cabaret. A third Madison Square Garden opened in a new location, on 8th Avenue between 49th and 50th Streets, from 1925 to 1968, groundbreaking on the third Madison Square Garden took place on January 9,1925. Designed by the theater architect Thomas W. Lamb, it was built at the cost of $4.75 million in 249 days by boxing promoter Tex Rickard. The arena was 200 feet by 375 feet, with seating on three levels, and a capacity of 18,496 spectators for boxing. Demolition commenced in 1968 after the opening of the current Garden and it finished up in early 1969, and the site is now where One Worldwide Plaza is located. The new structure was one of the first of its kind to be built above the platforms of a railroad station. It was an engineering feat constructed by Robert E. McKee of El Paso, public outcry over the demolition of the Pennsylvania Station structure—an outstanding example of Beaux-Arts architecture—led to the creation of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
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The Eighth Avenue facade of Madison Square Garden in August 2009
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A basketball game at Madison Square Garden circa 1968
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Madison Square Garden's upper bowl concourse, seen in January 2014 during a Rangers game.
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The completely transformed Madison Square Garden in January 2014 (with a new HD scoreboard), as the New York Rangers play against the St. Louis Blues.
21.
Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival
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The festival typically starts on the second Thursday in June and lasts four days. Musical acts play from noon until 3, 00am or later. The festival began with a focus on jam bands and folk rock, it has diversified in recent years, the festival features craftsmen and artisans selling unique products, food and drink vendors, a comedy tent, silent disco, cinema tent, and a Ferris wheel. Bonnaroo Music Festival was largely influenced by rock concerts of the late 1960s and early 1970s, the festival is a nod to the Monterey International Pop Music Festival, the Atlanta International Pop Festival, and most famously the Woodstock Music & Art Fair. Bonnaroo was established by Ashley Capps of AC Entertainment and Kerry Black, Rick Farman, Richard Goodstone, the first Bonnaroo took place in 2002. The founders chose bonnaroo, a Creole slang word meaning a good time, for its literal meaning. This term was popularized by New Orleans R&B singer Dr. John with his 1974 album Desitively Bonnaroo, the founders were inspired by music festivals they attended in the 1990s, including those put on by the band Phish, and events held in Coachella and Glastonbury. They found a site in Manchester, Tennessee that had facilities, using only their website for ticket sales, they sold out the festival in about two weeks. By 2003, the festival had been named by Rolling Stone magazine as one of the top 50 moments in rock & roll, Comedy acts such as Jim Breuer were first added in 2005. In 2007, Bonnaroo purchased the land for the festival, creating Great Stage Park with all of its iconic features and they installed a permanent main stage in 2010. On January 10,2007, Bonnaroo organizers Superfly Productions and AC Entertainment purchased a portion of the site where the annual music festival is held. Since its inception, Bonnaroo has contributed more than $1 million directly to Coffee County organizations, in addition to the festivals annual charitable contributions, its activities help generate annual revenue for the county. Measured in a 2005 study, the impact of the event on Coffee County was more than $14 million in business revenues. The Bonnaroo music festival makes most of its income from the fans and it provided aid to assist local organizations following disasters such as the 2010 Haiti earthquake,2005 Hurricane Katrina, Nashville floods, and Gulf of Mexico oil spill. By 2013, the direct and indirect impact of the festival since inception was estimated at $51 million. Bonnaroo is run to support recycling and sustainability, in 2011, A Greener Festival recognized Bonnaroos efforts for the previous three years with an award. In 2004 Bonaroo said it prevented having to collect 120 tons of trash by encouraging fans to recycle, food and drink are sold in organic and recyclable materials to create less waste. AGF auditors review festivals, as well as requiring their self-evaluation, as of late, Bonnaroo initiates many green activities during the festival, such as Planet Roo, a hub advocating sustainability and effective change toward the environment
Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival
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Genre
Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival
Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival
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Which Stage at the Bonnaroo Music Festival in Manchester, TN.
Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival
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Graffiti by Nashville artist Ryan McCauley on the Graffiti Wall, which separates Centeroo from the campsites.
22.
Blink-182
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Blink-182 is an American rock band formed in Poway, California in 1992. The band currently consists of bassist and vocalist Mark Hoppus, drummer Travis Barker, Blink-182 was initially known as Blink until an Irish band of the same name threatened legal action, in response, the band appended the meaningless number -182. In its early years, Blink-182 toured heavily behind the bands debut, the group signed with major label MCA Records to co-distribute its second album, Dude Ranch. Raynor was fired midway through a 1998 tour and replaced by Barker, the groups next two releases, Enema of the State and Take Off Your Pants and Jacket, were enormous successes on the strength of radio and MTV airplay. The eponymously titled Blink-182 followed in 2003 and marked a shift for the group. DeLonge quit in 2005, sending the band into what was termed an indefinite hiatus and they reunited in 2009, producing the trios sixth album, Neighborhoods. In 2015, DeLonge again exited and was replaced by Alkaline Trio guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba, the bands seventh studio album, California, was released on July 1,2016. Blink-182 is considered a key group in the development of pop punk, the trio has sold over thirteen million albums in the United States, and over 50 million albums worldwide. Blink-182 was formed in Poway, California, a suburb outside of San Diego, tom DeLonge was expelled from Poway High for attending a basketball game drunk and was forced to attend another local school for one semester. At Rancho Bernardo High School, DeLonge performed at a Battle of the Bands competition and he also befriended Kerry Key, who too was interested in punk music. Keys girlfriend, Anne Hoppus, introduced her brother Mark Hoppus—who had recently moved from Ridgecrest to work at a record store, the two clicked instantly and played for hours in DeLonges garage, exchanging lyrics and co-writing songs—one of which became Carousel. Hoppus, in trying to impress Delonge, managed to fall from a lamppost in front of DeLonges garage and crack his ankles, the trio began to practice together in Raynors bedroom, spending hours together writing music, attending punk shows and movies, and playing practical jokes. Hoppus and DeLonge would alternate singing vocal parts, the trio first operated under a variety of names, including Duck Tape and Figure 8, until DeLonge rechristened the band Blink. Shortly thereafter, DeLonge and Raynor borrowed a four-track recorder from friend and collaborator Cam Jones and were preparing to record a demo tape, Hoppus promptly broke up with his girlfriend and returned to the band. Flyswatter—a combination of songs and punk covers—was recorded in Raynors bedroom in May 1993. Southern California had a large population in the early 1990s, aided by an avid surfing, skating. In contrast to East Coast punk music, the West Coast wave of groups, Blink included, New York is gloomy, dark and cold. The Californian middle-class suburbs have nothing to be that bummed about, San Diego at this time was hardly a hotbed of activity, but the bands popularity grew as did California punk rock concurrently in the mainstream
Blink-182
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Blink-182 performing in 2011. From left to right: Mark Hoppus, Travis Barker, and Tom DeLonge.
Blink-182
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The band formed in San Diego, California, seen here at the time of the group's creation in 1992.
Blink-182
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The band performed constantly and soon became a mainstay at all-ages venue Soma San Diego; this poster is from 1994.
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Blink-182 at the Showcase Theater in Corona, California in 1995.
23.
Travis Barker
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Travis Landon Barker is an American musician and producer, and the drummer for the rock band Blink-182. He was a frequent collaborator with the late DJ AM, after the split of his first band, Feeble, Barker began playing for the Aquabats in 1996 as the Baron Von Tito. He recorded one album with them, The Fury of The Aquabats. in 1997 and his career rose when he joined Blink-182 in 1998. Barker has since established himself as a drummer, producing and making guest appearances in music projects of numerous music genres including hip hop, alternative rock, pop. He has gained significant acceptance within the community in particular. Barker collaborated with artists for his debut album, Give the Drummer Some. In 2011, he worked with Steve Aoki and Kid Cudi in Aokis hit single Cudi the Kid, as part of his album Wonderland, aside from drumming, he founded clothing company Famous Stars and Straps in 1999 and LaSalle Records in 2004. Companies such as DC Shoes and Zildjian cymbals have co-designed products in his name, Rolling Stone referred to him as punks first superstar drummer. Barker was born to Randy and Gloria Barker in Fontana, California on November 14,1975 and his father worked as a mechanic and his mother babysat. He is of English, Irish, and Italian descent, when Barker was four, his mother gave him his first kit, which was the only one he would have until he was fifteen. Barker began taking lessons at age five with a drummer named Michael Mai. At this time, he began taking trumpet lessons. In junior high, Barker learned to play the piano and briefly tried singing, joining the madrigals men, in addition, Barker had non-musical aspirations, he also was interested in becoming a professional surfer and skateboarder. However, Barker states that I always migrated back to drums and that was the one direction that kind of felt like I was connected to and I could kind of understand. I could express myself better through my drums than I could anything else, Barker has described himself as a stoner during his tenure at the largely Hispanic-based Fontana High School. His mother, who had been diagnosed with three months earlier, died the day before he started going to high school. She told him to playing music and to follow his dreams. Barker attended Fontana High School, where he played in the jazz ensemble, while attending Fohi, he and his best friend Manuel Solorzano decided to enter the school talent show in a drum-off battle between the two of them, Travis won
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Barker in September 2008, performing at the TMobile Block Party in Columbia, South Carolina
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Travis Barker on stage in San Diego, June 2004
24.
Black Panther (film)
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Black Panther is an upcoming American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, the film is directed by Ryan Coogler from a screenplay by himself and Joe Robert Cole, and stars Chadwick Boseman as TChalla / Black Panther, alongside Michael B. Jordan, Lupita Nyongo, Danai Gurira, Martin Freeman, Daniel Kaluuya, Angela Bassett, Forest Whitaker, in Black Panther, TChalla returns home as king of Wakanda but finds his sovereignty challenged by a long-time adversary in a conflict that has global consequences. Wesley Snipes first mentioned his intention to work on a Black Panther film in 1992, with that going through multiple iterations over the next decade. Black Panther was officially announced in October 2014, with Boseman appearing first in Captain America, by the end of 2015, Cole and Coogler had both joined the film, and additional cast members came on board beginning in May 2016. Black Panther is set to be released in the United States on February 16,2018, Chadwick Boseman as TChalla / Black Panther, The king of the fictional African nation of Wakanda. Producer Kevin Feige described the character as a bit of a prince, he may become a bit of a king. Boseman, who called TChalla an anti-hero, said that he is very aware of the responsibility and how important his role. He worked with the dialect coach he had during Message from the King for the film. Boseman signed a contract with Marvel. Michael B. Jordan as Erik Killmonger, A Wakandan exile who seeks to overthrow TChalla, corey Calliet once again served as Jordans trainer on the film, after doing so on Creed. Lupita Nyongo as Nakia, TChallas love interest and member of the Dora Milaje, Danai Gurira as Okoye, The head of the Dora Milaje. Gurira said that the skills she learned playing Michonne complemented the skills of Okoye. Okoye is a whole nother thing, Martin Freeman as Everett K. Ross, A member of the Joint Counter Terrorism Center. Daniel Kaluuya as WKabi, A confidant to TChalla, Angela Bassett as Ramonda, TChallas mother. Calliet also served as Bassetts trainer, working with her before she began filming and while she was on set, Forest Whitaker as Zuri, An elder statesman in Wakanda. Andy Serkis as Ulysses Klaue, A black-market arms dealer, smuggler and gangster working out of South Africa, additionally, Florence Kasumba and John Kani reprise their roles as Ayo and TChaka respectively from Captain America, Civil War. Winston Duke is cast as MBaku / Man-Ape, the leader of a rival Wakandan tribe, while Sterling K. Brown is cast as NJobu, a figure from TChallas past, Phylicia Rashad and Atandwa Kani have been cast in undisclosed roles
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Cover detail, The Avengers #52 (May 1968): Debut of the short-lived cowl mask. Art by John Buscema.
Black Panther (film)
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Jungle Action #23 (Sept. 1976) Cover art by John Byrne and Dan Adkins.
Black Panther (film)
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Promotional art for Ultimate Captain America Annual #1 (Dec. 2008), by Brandon Peterson.
Black Panther (film)
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The Black Panther in the 1994 Fantastic Four animated series.
25.
Graffiti
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Graffiti are writing or drawings that have been scribbled, scratched, or painted illicitly on a wall or other surface, often within public view. Graffiti range from simple written words to elaborate wall paintings, and they have existed since ancient times, with examples dating back to Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, in modern times, paint and marker pens have become the most commonly used graffiti materials. In most countries, marking or painting property without the property owners permission is considered defacement and vandalism, Graffiti may also express underlying social and political messages and a whole genre of artistic expression is based upon spray paint graffiti styles. Within hip hop culture, graffiti have evolved alongside hip hop music, b-boying, unrelated to hip-hop graffiti, gangs use their own form of graffiti to mark territory or to serve as an indicator of gang-related activities. Controversies that surround graffiti continue to create disagreement amongst city officials, law enforcement, both graffiti and its occasional singular form graffito are from the Italian word graffiato. Graffiti is applied in art history to works of art produced by scratching a design into a surface, a related term is sgraffito, which involves scratching through one layer of pigment to reveal another beneath it. This technique was used by potters who would glaze their wares. In ancient times graffiti were carved on walls with a sharp object, the word originates from Greek γράφειν — graphein — meaning to write. The term graffiti referred to the inscriptions, figure drawings, and such, found on the walls of ancient sepulchres or ruins, use of the word has evolved to include any graphics applied to surfaces in a manner that constitutes vandalism. Safaitic dates from the first century BC to the fourth century AD, the first known example of modern style graffiti survives in the ancient Greek city of Ephesus. Local guides say it is an advertisement for prostitution, located near a mosaic and stone walkway, the graffiti shows a handprint that vaguely resembles a heart, along with a footprint and a number. This is believed to indicate that a brothel was nearby, with the handprint symbolizing payment, the ancient Romans carved graffiti on walls and monuments, examples of which also survive in Egypt. Graffiti in the world had different connotations than they carry in todays society concerning content. One inscription gives the address of a woman named Novellia Primigenia of Nuceria, another shows a phallus accompanied by the text, mansueta tene. Etched on the surface of the Mirror Wall, they contain pieces of prose, poetry, the majority of these visitors appear to have been from the elite of society, royalty, officials, professions, and clergy. There were also soldiers, archers, and even some metalworkers, the topics range from love to satire, curses, wit, and lament. Many demonstrate a high level of literacy and a deep appreciation of art. Most of the graffiti refer to the frescoes of semi-nude females found there, one reads, Among the ancient political graffiti examples were Arab satirist poems
Graffiti
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Ancient graffito at Kom Ombo Temple, Egypt
Graffiti
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Ancient Pompeii graffito caricature of a politician
Graffiti
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Ironic wall inscription commenting on boring graffiti
Graffiti
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Satirical Alexamenos graffito, possibly the earliest known representation of Jesus
26.
Marvel Comics
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Marvel Comics is the common name and primary imprint of Marvel Worldwide Inc. formerly Marvel Publishing, Inc. and Marvel Comics Group, an American publisher of comic books and related media. In 2009, The Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel Entertainment, Marvel Worldwides parent company, Marvel started in 1939 as Timely Publications, and by the early 1950s had generally become known as Atlas Comics. Marvels modern incarnation dates from 1961, the year that the company launched The Fantastic Four and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko and many others. Most of Marvels fictional characters operate in a reality known as the Marvel Universe. Martin Goodman founded the later known as Marvel Comics under the name Timely Publications in 1939. Martin Goodman, a magazine publisher who had started with a Western pulp in 1933, was expanding into the emerging—and by then already highly popular—new medium of comic books. The issue was a success, with it and a second printing the following month selling, combined. While its contents came from an outside packager, Funnies, Inc, Timely had its own staff in place by the following year. It, too, proved a hit, with sales of one million. Goodman formed Timely Comics, Inc. beginning with comics cover-dated April 1941 or Spring 1941, Goodman hired his wifes cousin, Stanley Lieber, as a general office assistant in 1939. Lee wrote extensively for Timely, contributing to a number of different titles, Goodmans business strategy involved having his various magazines and comic books published by a number of corporations all operating out of the same office and with the same staff. One of these companies through which Timely Comics was published was named Marvel Comics by at least Marvel Mystery Comics #55. As well, some covers, such as All Surprise Comics #12, were labeled A Marvel Magazine many years before Goodman would formally adopt the name in 1961. The post-war American comic market saw superheroes falling out of fashion and this globe branding united a line put out by the same publisher, staff and freelancers through 59 shell companies, from Animirth Comics to Zenith Publications. Atlas also published a plethora of childrens and teen humor titles, including Dan DeCarlos Homer the Happy Ghost, Atlas unsuccessfully attempted to revive superheroes from late 1953 to mid-1954, with the Human Torch, the Sub-Mariner, and Captain America. Atlas did not achieve any hits and, according to Stan Lee, Atlas survived chiefly because it produced work quickly, cheaply. During this time, the Comic Code Authority made its debut in September 1954, Wertham published the book Seduction of the Innocent in order to force people to see that comics were impacting American youth. He believed violent comics were causing children to be reckless and were turning them into delinquents, in September 1954, comic book publishers got together to set up their own self-censorship organization—the Comics Magazine Association of America—in order to appease audiences
Marvel Comics
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Marvel Comics #1 (Oct. 1939), the first comic from Marvel precursor Timely Comics. Cover art by Frank R. Paul.
Marvel Comics
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The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. 1961). Cover art by Jack Kirby (penciler) and unconfirmed inker.
Marvel Comics
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The Avengers #4 (March 1964), with (from left to right), the Wasp, Giant-Man, Captain America, Iron Man, Thor and (inset) the Sub-Mariner. Cover art by Jack Kirby and George Roussos.
Marvel Comics
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Howard the Duck #8 (Jan. 1977). Cover art by Gene Colan and Steve Leialoha
27.
Axel Alonso
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Axel Alonso is an American comic book creator and former journalist, best known as the Editor-in-Chief at Marvel Comics, a role in which he has worked since January 2011. Alonso began his career as a journalist for New Yorks Daily News and he has also worked as a writer and inker. Alonsos father is from Mexico, and his mother is from England, a native of San Francisco, Alonso earned a bachelors degree in sociology and politics from University of California, Santa Cruz and a masters degree in journalism from Columbia University. Alonso began his career as a journalist for New Yorks Daily News and he also worked as a magazine editor before he entered the comic book industry. Other Vertigo titles he edited until 1999 included Garth Ennis Preacher, Black Orchid, Kid Eternity, Hellblazer, Unknown Soldier,100 Bullets and Human Target. In late September 2000 Alonso went to work at DCs main competition, Marvel Comics, as Senior Editor and his first published work as editor was The Amazing Spider-Man trade paperback that collected issues #30 -32 of that title, and was published in 2001. Alonso spent more than a decade as an editor at Marvel, in 2001, he began editing The Amazing Spider-Man. He would continue on the title during J. Michael Straczynskis critically acclaimed run on the title and it was also in 2001 that Alonso helped to create the a Marvel MAX line for mature readers. In 2002, Alonso, then an editor, had lured Frank Chos to Marvel on the basis of Chos comic strip series Liberty Meadows. Alonso is also credited with bringing crime writers to work on Marvel titles, such as Duane Swierczynski, the series was labeled with a Parental Advisory Explicit Content warning on the cover. Alonso stated of the miniseries, We thought it would be interesting to play with the genre. Enigmatic cowboy rides into dusty little desert town victimized by desperadoes, saves the day, wins everyones heart, then rides off into the sunset, Alonso would later edit the 2010 miniseries Rawhide Kid, The Sensational Seven by Zimmerman and Howard Chaykin. Alonso would also oversee critically acclaimed runs on X-Men, such as X-Men, Messiah Complex, the issue was published in October 2010 by ESPN, which like Marvel, is owned by parent company Disney. On January 4,2011, Alonso was named Editor-in-Chief of Marvel Comics, replacing Joe Quesada, who was named Chief Creative Officer the previous June
Axel Alonso
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Alonso at a "Meet the Publishers" Q&A at Midtown Comics Downtown, April 14, 2011.
Axel Alonso
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Alonso (center) during the Marvel NOW! panel at the 2012 New York Comic-Con. Seated with him from left to right are editor Steve Wacker, C.B. Cebulski and (barely visible) Jeph Loeb.
28.
Variant cover
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In comic books, a variant cover refers to an issue of a comic book printed with multiple covers, each with unique cover art. The first comic book marketed with a variant cover was the 1986 first issue of The Man of Steel, the first comic book marketed with a variant cover was the 1986 first issue of The Man of Steel, which featured two different covers by writer/artist John Byrne. The other cover featured a closeup of Supermans chest as he rips open his shirt, in reaction to the boom, comic book publishers began to market specifically to the collectors market. The variants often depended on whether the copy was sold through the market or at a newsstand. The sales figures were generated in part by publishing the issue five different variant covers, designated #1A, #1B, #1C, #1D. Not every issue with variant covers sold well, but that did not dissuade the publishers, Variant covers graced the covers of titles from Marvel, DC, Valiant, and Image, as well as numerous small-press publishers. In 1993, DC Comics shipped the first printing of Superman #75, featuring the climax of The Death of Superman storyline, collectors who wanted to keep their copy pristine but also read the story either bought multiple copies or subsequent printings. Likewise, second printings of other issues with gimmick covers typically shipped without the gimmick, jim Lee, now one of the co-founders of Image Comics, published variant cover comic books through his Wildstorm Studios imprint. Gen¹³ #1 bore 13 different covers, each with a character in an homage to a book, advertisement. DV8 #1 bore eight different covers, one a group shot, due to shortages due to production errors, some variant covers came to be known as chase covers, as many scrambled to find them, much as baseball card collectors sought chase cards. Publishers created chase covers by issuing variants in ratios designed to make one variant rare, some smaller publishers, such as Verotik created expensive adult-only variants depicting nudity. Additionally, comic book conventions gave attendees convention-exclusive variants as part of their convention packages, recently, however, variant covers have made a comeback. The 2004 limited series Identity Crisis from DC Comics was so popular that every issue went through multiple printings, some fans who had already bought the first printing bought the variants to complete their collection. Seeing this, other publishers tried to duplicate the success, for instance, for every set number of issues a retailer ordered of New Avengers #1-6, they received a retailer-incentive issue featuring art by a heavily promoted Marvel artist. In addition to retailer incentives, publishers again publish simple variants, since Identity Crisis, second printings usually have a different cover, often merely the alteration or removal of color. In the post boom, Marvel Comics used variant covers on various occasions, when the Marvel Zombies universe first appeared in 2005s Ultimate Fantastic Four #21, the popularity spawned a limited series featuring several variant covers by Arthur Suydam. These variants reproduced classic Marvel Comics covers with a zombie motif, to celebrate the inauguration of Barack Obama, Amazing Spider-Man #583 presented an all-new story teaming up President Obama and Spider-Man in Spidey Meets the President. The title featured five variant covers, in honor of Wolverines 35th anniversary in 2009, Marvel Comics announced that numerous Marvel titles would feature Wolverine Art Appreciation Variant covers in April
Variant cover
Variant cover
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Variant covers for The Man of Steel #1 (1986). Art by John Byrne.
29.
Howard the Duck
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Howard the Duck is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by writer Steve Gerber and artist Val Mayerik, Howards adventures are generally social satires, while a few are parodies of genre fiction with a metafictional awareness of the medium. This is diametrically opposed to screenwriter Gloria Katz, who, in adapting the comic to the screen, declared and its not supposed to be an existential experience. Howard the Duck was portrayed by Ed Gale and voiced by Chip Zien in the 1986 Howard the Duck film adaptation, Howard the Duck was created by writer Steve Gerber and penciler Val Mayerik in Adventure into Fear #19 as a secondary character in that comics Man-Thing feature. Gerber wrote 27 issues of the series, illustrated by a variety of artists, for Gerber, Howard was a flesh and blood duck and that, if Wile E. Gene Colan became the regular penciller with issue #4. Gerber later said to Colan, There really was almost a telepathic connection there, I would see something in my mind, and that is what you would draw. Ive never had experience with another artist before or since. Sporting the slogan Get Down, America, the All-Night Party was a fictional political party that appeared in Gerbers Howard the Duck series during the U. S. Presidential campaign of 1976, and led to Howard the Duck receiving thousands of votes in the actual election. Gerber addressed questions about the campaign in the column of the comic book and, as Mad Genius Associates. Gerber gained a degree of autonomy when he became Howard the Ducks editor in addition to his writing duties. With issue #16, unable to meet the deadline for his script, Gerber substituted an entire issue of text pieces. In 1978, the writer and publisher clashed over issues of creative control, on November 5,1982, Judge David Kenyon approved the motion and dismissed the case. The series continued for four issues with stories by Marv Wolfman, Mary Skrenes, Mark Evanier. Gerber returned briefly to write, though not plot, #29 as part of a contract fulfillment, issue #31 announced on its letters page that it would be the final issue of Howard the Duck as a color comic. Articles in these issues claimed that Howard was Mayeriks idea, though this is contrary to statements by both Gerber and Mayerik, in issue #6, Mantlo introduced the concept of Duckworld, which Gerber loathed. As Gerber told Mediascene, Howards world, which would never be depicted visually, was inhabited by other anthropomorphized animals like himself, like the cartoon worlds of Disney and Warner Brothers. Unlike the Disney and Warners worlds, however, Howards reality was beset with the plethora of social ills
Howard the Duck
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Howard the Duck #8 (January 1977) Cover art by Gene Colan and Steve Leialoha.
Howard the Duck
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Howard the Duck's first appearance, from Adventure into Fear #19. Art by penciller Val Mayerik and inker Sal Trapani.
Howard the Duck
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Howard the Duck in the 1986 film adaptation.
Howard the Duck
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Howard the Duck in Guardians of the Galaxy.
30.
Billboard 200
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The Billboard 200 is a record chart ranking the 200 most popular music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. It is frequently used to convey the popularity of an artist or groups of artists, often, a recording act will be remembered by its number ones, those of their albums that outperformed all others during at least one week. The chart is based mostly on sales of albums in the United States, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but since July 2015, tracking week begins on Friday and ends on Thursday. A new chart is published the following Tuesday with an issue post-dated to the Saturday of the following week, the charts streaming schedule is also tracked from Friday to Thursday. Example, Friday January 1 – sales tracking week begins Thursday January 7 – sales tracking week ends Tuesday January 12 – new chart published, New product is released to the American market on Fridays. Digital downloads of albums are included in Billboard 200 tabulation. Albums that are not licensed for sale in the United States are not eligible to chart. As of the issue dated April 15,2017, the album on the Billboard 200 is More Life by Drake. Billboard began an album chart in 1945, initially only five positions long, the album chart was not published on a weekly basis, sometimes three to seven weeks passing before it was updated. A biweekly, 15-position Best-Selling Popular Albums chart appeared in 1955, the position count varied anywhere from 10 to 30 albums. The first number-one album on the new weekly list was Belafonte by Harry Belafonte, the chart was renamed to Best-Selling Pop Albums later in 1956, and then to Best-Selling Pop LPs in 1957. Beginning on May 25,1959, Billboard split the ranking into two charts Best-Selling Stereophonic LPs for stereo albums and Best-Selling Monophonic LPs for mono albums and these were renamed to Stereo Action Charts and Mono Action Charts in 1960. In January 1961, they became Action Albums—Stereophonic and Action Albums—Monophonic, three months later, they became Top LPs—Stereo and Top LPs—Monaural. On August 17,1963 the stereo and mono charts were combined into a 150-position chart called Top LPs, on April 1,1967, the chart was expanded to 175 positions, then finally to 200 positions on May 13,1967. In 1960, Billboard began concurrently publishing album charts which ranked sales of older or mid-priced titles and these Essential Inventory charts were divided by stereo and mono albums, and featured titles that had already appeared on the main stereo and mono album charts. In January 1961, the Action Charts became Action Albums—Monophonic, Albums appeared on either chart for up to nine weeks, then were moved to an Essential Inventory list of approximately 200 titles, with no numerical ranking. This list continued to be published until the consolidated Top LPs chart debuted in 1963, in 1982, Billboard began publishing a Midline Albums chart which ranked older or mid-priced titles. The chart held 50 positions and was published on a bi-weekly basis, on May 25,1991, Billboard premiered the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart
Billboard 200
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Contents
31.
ARIA Charts
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The ARIA Charts are the main Australian music sales charts, issued weekly by the Australian Recording Industry Association. The charts are a record of the highest selling singles and albums in various genres in Australia, ARIA became the official Australian music chart in June 1988, succeeding the Kent Music Report which had been Australias national charts since 1974. The Go-Set charts were Australias first national singles and albums charts published from 5 October 1966 until 24 August 1974, succeeding Go-Set, the Kent Music Report began issuing the national top 100 charts in Australia from May 1974. The compiler, David Kent, also published Australias national charts from 1940–1974 in a retrospective fashion using state based data, in mid 1983, the Australian Recording Industry Association commenced licensing the Kent Music Report chart. The first printed national top 50 chart available in record stores, ARIA began compiling its own charts in-house from the chart dated week ending 26 June 1988. Various artists compilation albums were included in the albums chart, as they had been on the Kent Report chart, until 2 July 1989. The ARIA Report, detailing the top 100 singles and albums charts, was first available via subscription in January 1990, the printed top 50 chart ceased publication in June 1998, but resumed publication later in the year. The printed top 50 chart again ceased publication at the end of 2000, the ARIA charts are based on data collected from physical and digital retailers in Australia. Data of physical sales come from such as Sanity and JB Hi-Fi, while data of digital sales come from online retailers such as iTunes, Bandit FM, GetMusic. Since 17 February 1997, all physical sales data contributing towards the chart has been recorded electronically at point of sale. In March 1991, Do the Bartman by The Simpsons was the first single to reach #1 in Australia that was not available on 7 inch vinyl, but cassingle only. Starting from 8 October 2006, due to low physical single sales at the time, in 2006, it was announced that the Brazin retailing group, comprising major retailers HMV, Sanity and Virgin music/DVD stores would no longer contribute sales data to the ARIA charts. However, after an absence, Brazin reportedly re-commenced contributing sales figures to the ARIA Charts on 26 November 2006. The ARIA website publishes the top 50 singles and albums charts, top 40 digital tracks chart, the ARIA Report lists all charts in full and is available via paid e-mail subscription each week. These reports are uploaded to the Pandora Archive periodically, on 5 February 2006, the ARIA Chart Show was a radio program launched on the Nova network and broadcast throughout Australia, playing the official ARIA top 50 singles. The live music program was hosted by Jabba each Sunday afternoon at 3, the show was aired before the top 50 chart, dated for the following Monday, is published on the ARIA website at 6,00 pm. The charts were published online at 6,00 pm each Sunday. The diamond certification was created for albums in November 2015 to mark 500,000 sales/shipments, for music DVDs, a gold accreditation originally represented 7,500 copies shipped, with a platinum accreditation representing 15,000 units shipped. co. uk
ARIA Charts
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ARIA logo
32.
Danger Mouse (musician)
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Brian Joseph Burton, better known by his stage name Danger Mouse, is an American musician, songwriter and record producer. He came to prominence in 2004 when he released The Grey Album and he formed Gnarls Barkley with CeeLo Green and produced its albums St. Elsewhere and The Odd Couple. In 2009 he collaborated with James Mercer of the rock band The Shins to form the band Broken Bells. In addition, Burton worked with rapper MF Doom as Danger Doom and released the album The Mouse, as a producer Danger Mouse produced the second Gorillaz album, 2005s Demon Days, as well as Becks 2008 record Modern Guilt and three albums with The Black Keys. In 2016, Danger Mouse produced, performed on and co-wrote songs for the studio album by the Red Hot Chili Peppers titled The Getaway. Danger Mouse has also produced and co-written albums by Norah Jones, Electric Guest, the Man, Adele, and ASAP Rockys. He has been nominated for 19 Grammy Awards and has won 6, hes been nominated in the Producer of the Year category five times, and won the award in 2011. Brian Joseph Burton was born in White Plains, New York, to an African American father and he spent much of his childhood in Spring Valley, New York. Burton also lived in Athens, Georgia for a while, where his trip hop work was released under the name Pelican City and he also remixed work by several local artists, including Neutral Milk Hotel and DJd for University of Georgia radio station WUOG-FM. From 1998 to 2003, Burton also created a series of remix CDs and he performed in a mouse outfit because he was too shy to show his face, and took his name from the British cartoon series Danger Mouse. Afterwards, Burton approached CeeLo Green, a member of Goodie Mob and it would be several years before the pair made contact again, but the two would eventually collaborate as Gnarls Barkley. Burton moved to Britain for a couple of years, living in New Cross in London, while there, he sent a demo to Lex Records, which signed him. He discussed his feelings about any controversy the album may have created in the documentary Alternative Freedom, Danger Mouse was also named among the Men of the Year by GQ in 2004 and won a 2005 Wired Rave Award. The Grey Album also got the attention of Damon Albarn, who enlisted Danger Mouse to produce the Gorillaz second studio album, Demon Days earned Burton a Grammy Award nomination for Producer of the Year. Danger Mouses next project was The Mouse and the Mask, a collaboration with MF DOOM about, the two had previously collaborated on the Danger Mouse remix of Zero 7s Somersault, on the Prince Po track Social Distortion, and on Gorillaz November Has Come. A year later, DANGERDOOM released a follow-up EP called Occult Hymn, the 7-track EP featured new songs as well as remixes of tracks from The Mouse & The Mask and was released exclusively as a free download on Adult Swims site. In 2006, Danger Mouse and CeeLo released their first album, St. Elsewhere, Crazy became the first UK number-one single based solely on downloads. Gnarls Barkley set out on tour and was one of the opening acts on the Red Hot Chili Peppers Stadium Arcadium World Tour
Danger Mouse (musician)
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Danger Mouse performing with Broken Bells in 2010
Danger Mouse (musician)
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Danger Mouse (left) and CeeLo performing as Gnarls Barkley in 2007
33.
Big Boi
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His work in the duo has produced six studio albums. Big Bois solo debut Sir Lucious Left Foot, The Son of Chico Dusty was released in July 2010 to respectable sales, in 2012, he released his second solo album, Vicious Lies and Dangerous Rumors. Patton was born and spent the first half of his childhood in Savannah, Georgia, eventually he decided to pursue his interest in music at Tri-Cities High School, a visual and performing arts Magnet school. He had a strong interest in hip hop music, and met André3000 Benjamin while attending Tri Cities High School in the early-1990s, the two eventually joined forces as Outkast and signed with LaFace Records. Patton has often used his lyrics to criticize the problems that plague both the African American community and the world, an example is 2003s War, a scathing attack on the Bush administration and the War on Terror. Another example is 2008s Sumthins Gotta Give with Mary J. Blige talking about the state of America, after four increasingly successful albums as a duo, the members of Outkast chose to make two solo albums, and release them as a double album under the Outkast name. André3000 released The Love Below and Big Boi Speakerboxxx, the two albums were packaged together as Speakerboxxx/The Love Below in 2003. Speakerboxxx featured a similar to Outkasts previous efforts, while The Love Below explored more offbeat territory. One song from album was released in September 2003 as a single. Pattons choice was the single The Way You Move, featuring Sleepy Brown and it was originally supported by urban radio, but then crossed over to pop charts and became almost as big a pop hit as Benjamins Hey Ya. The Way You Move supplanted Hey Ya. as the #1 song on the US pop charts, the second single from Big Bois side of the album was Ghetto Musick, which featured both members of Outkast and a sample from Patti LaBelles Love, Need and Want You. In 2005, Big Boi released an album, Got Purp. Vol 2, in conjunction with the Purple Ribbon All-Stars on November 22 through Purple Ribbon Records, the first single from the album was Kryptonite, which reached 35 on the Billboard Hot 100. Patton was also featured on the song International Players Anthem, the first single from UGKs album Underground Kingz, in 2007, after the sixth album under the Outkast name, Idlewild, Big Boi announced plans to release a full-fledged solo album. While he had released a solo album in Speakerboxxx, it still was technically under the Outkast name. The album was to be titled Sir Lucious Left Foot, The Son of Chico Dusty, the albums first promotional single, Royal Flush, was released in 2007, and featured Raekwon and André3000. The first official single was Shutterbugg featuring Cutty and the second Follow Us featuring Vonnegutt, the album was released internationally on July 5. Guest artists include alternative urban songstress Janelle Monáe, Big Bois own new group Vonnegutt, Sir Lucious Left Foot, The Son of Chico Dusty received general acclaim from most music critics, earning praise for its inventive sound, varied musical style, and Big Bois lyricism
Big Boi
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Big Boi performing in 2006 in Atlanta, Georgia
Big Boi
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Big Boi at Counterpoint Festival 2012
34.
Baby Driver
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Baby Driver is a 2017 action-comedy-crime film written and directed by Edgar Wright and starring Ansel Elgort, Kevin Spacey, Lily James, Jon Bernthal, Eiza González, Jon Hamm and Jamie Foxx. It follows a young driver who is forced to work for a crime boss. The film had its premiere at South by Southwest on March 11,2017 and is scheduled to be released in the United States on June 28,2017. A talented, young getaway driver Baby relies on the beat of his soundtrack to be the best in the game. When he meets the girl of his dreams, Baby sees a chance to ditch his criminal life, but after being coerced into working for a crime boss, he must face the music when a doomed heist threatens his life, love and freedom. Ansel Elgort as Baby, a music-obsessed, quiet man who works as the getaway driver for a rotating group of bank robbers. Kevin Spacey as Doc, a boss of the crew. Lily James as Deborah, a waitress and Baby’s innocent girlfriend, Jon Bernthal as Griff, one of the bank robbers. Jon Hamm as Buddy, the party animal and one of the villains, part of the bank robbers gang. Eiza González as Darling, one of the robbers, Buddy’s lawless and scandalous girlfriend. Jamie Foxx as Bats, the impulsive gun-slinging cohort, flea as Eddie No-Nose, one of the bank robbers. Sky Ferreira as Babys mom and the angel of his guard. He later kicked himself when the video became unexpectedly popular, on July 22,2014, it was announced that Edgar Wright, who left the project Ant-Man, would next direct Baby Driver for Working Title Films. Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner and Nira Park would produce the film, on January 13,2015, it was reported that Ansel Elgort was in early talks to join the film, which Sony Pictures Entertainment would release through TriStar Pictures. Emma Stone and Michael Douglas were also being eyed to be cast in the film, on May 7,2015, Lily James was in talks to join the film for female lead to play a waitress and love interest of Elgorts character. Media Rights Capital and TriStar would be co-financing the film together, on September 8,2015, Jamie Foxx was reportedly in talks to join the film. On October 20,2015, Jon Hamm signed on to star in the film to one of the villains, part of the bank robbers gang. On November 3,2015, Kevin Spacey was cast in the film to play the role of the boss of the crew, on December 16,2015, Eiza González joined the film to play one of the bank robbers and Hamms characters girlfriend
Baby Driver
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Jan Kerouac in Eugene, Oregon (1983)
35.
Phantogram (band)
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Phantogram is an American music duo from Greenwich, New York, formed in 2007 and consisting of Josh Carter and Sarah Barthel. The band name was inspired by an illusion called a phantogram. The band define their music as rock, dream pop, electronica and trip hop. According to Carter, their music has lots of rhythms, swirling guitars, spacey keyboards, echoes and they write and record in a remote barn in Upstate New York called Harmony Lodge. The band has released three albums, four EPs and eight singles. Carter and Barthel have been friends since high school. The two friends reunited and worked on finishing some of Carters earlier songwriting ideas, then formed the band. They played some shows, but decided to focus the bulk of their energies on making records. The duo was originally called Charlie Everywhere, and used that name to perform around the Saratoga Springs area, upon signing with UK label Barely Breaking Even on January 26,2009, they changed their name to Phantogram. Phantograms eponymous debut EP was self-released on the CE Records label on May 12,2009, followed in the year by another EP, Running From the Cops. They signed with Barsuk Records in October 2009, after encouragement from Erich Cannon of Portlands Spectre Entertainment and we were going to write the record, finish it, and release it as a demo for upstate, explained Barthel. Then our plan was to move down to New York to do the whole networking and meeting people kind of stuff, and we kind of skipped that whole thing, just because of the internet. Phantogram released their debut album Eyelid Movies on September 15,2009 on BBE and Indica Records, the album received generally favorable reviews. The album included three singles, Mouthful of Diamonds, When Im Small and As Far As I Can See, the Nightlife EP was released on November 1,2011. It included the single Dont Move, Phantogram were also featured on the Flaming Lips song You Lust from their 2013 album The Terror. On September 30,2013, Republic Records released the Phantogram EP and it was followed by their second studio album, Voices, released on February 18,2014 by Barsuk/Republic. A fifth single, Nothing But Trouble, was released on January 14, Barthel guested on Miley Cyrus song Slab of Butter from the 2015 album Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz. Phantogram collaborated with Big Boi again in 2015, resulting in the seven-song EP Big Grams, the EP featured production work from Big Boi, Phantogram, 9th Wonder and Skrillex
Phantogram (band)
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Phantogram in 2010
Phantogram (band)
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Phantogram live at The Pacific Festival (2011)
36.
Big Grams
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Big Grams is the self-titled debut EP by American hip hop trio Big Grams, which consists of rapper Big Boi and electronic rock duo Phantogram. The EP was released on September 25,2015, by Epic Records, Big Boi shared the song on his website as the Jam of the Week. Barthel saw the post and contacted Big Boi, which led to future collaborations, Carter described the projects sound as sort of psyched-out hip-hop. Barthel and Big Boi provided sung vocals and rapped vocals respectively, Big Grams received generally mixed reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 61 based on 7 reviews. Lyndsey Havens of Consequence of Sound said, Throughout Big Grams, Big Boi, Carter, but the downfalls of the LP are more or less overshadowed by the gambles that do pay off. And the biggest gamble of all, tossing any and all expectations out the window. Sheldon Pearce of HipHopDX said, There’s no creative expansion, just two acts trying to exist in their own worlds simultaneously instead of finding a new and interesting middle ground, mixing classic Big Boi verses over old Phantogram songs would’ve probably been just as effective. The album debuted at number 38 on the Billboard 200, selling 9,626 copies in the United States
Big Grams
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Big Grams
37.
Miike Snow
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Miike Snow is a Swedish indie pop band formed in 2007. The band consists of producing team Bloodshy & Avant and American singer Andrew Wyatt, the band is often represented by a silhouette image of a jackalope. Since their debut, they have released three albums, Miike Snow, Happy to You, and iii. Miike Snow was formed in 2007 in Stockholm, Sweden, band members Christian Karlsson and Pontus Winnberg were childhood friends who spent time playing in bands and working on various projects in studios throughout the city of Gothenburg. Karlsson was a member of the Swedish hip-hop band Goldmine. After separate moves to Stockholm, they reunited in 2000, Karlsson and Winnberg collaborated under the moniker Bloodshy & Avant and enjoyed a significant amount of success as producers and songwriters. They have worked with such as Madonna, Kylie Minogue, Kelis, Sky Ferreira. Actually, it turns out Id met Christian in the studio maybe a year before, the name Miike Snow is said to have come from one of their friends named Mike Snow. We liked it and added the extra I because we liked the look of it and we once found a possible classic Swedish film on our tour bus once, called Jävligt Jagad. Its a bit like if Bergmans ancestors would make a movie inspired by Takashi Miike, Miike Snow have, however, indicated that they are fans of Miikes work, specifically noting Audition, Visitor Q,13 Assassins, and Ichi the Killer. Miike Snow is Miike Snows eponymous debut album and it was recorded in Stockholm and released in the United States on 9 June 2009 by Downtown Records. A single for the track Animal was released on 17 February 2009, upon a UK release of the song later in the same year, the track reached number 98 on the UK Singles Chart. The Punks Jump Up remix of Animal is used as the music for the British Channel 4 sitcom Friday Night Dinner. The second single was Black & Blue, both singles have made the BBC Radio 1 Playlist B-List. The Guardian spoke highly of the band, saying Miike Snows coolly emotional pop suggests A-ha meets Animal Collective, in an interview for ClashMusic. com, Wyatt revealed their unexpected popularity, saying, I dont think our project was that thought out when we started. We just wanted to make music together, I dont think we anticipated the level of attention that its getting right now. We didnt even think about touring when we started the album, Miike Snow have remixed tracks for Depeche Mode, Passion Pit, Peter Bjorn and John, Kings of Leon, I Blame Coco and Vampire Weekend. A remix of the song Silvia by DJs Sebastian Ingrosso and Dirty South was released on 2 April 2010 and their song In Search Of was originally a collaboration with Crookers for the song Remedy
Miike Snow
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Miike Snow performing live at SXSW 2010 in Austin, Texas on 18 March 2010
38.
Allmusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
Allmusic
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AllMusic's logotype and logo (since July 2013)
39.
The New York Observer
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The New York Observer was a weekly newspaper published in New York City from 1987 to 2016. As of January 2017, the team is led by Ken Kurson with other writers and editors including Rex Reed, Will Bredderman, Drew Grant, Brady Dale, John Bonazzo, Vinnie Mancuso. The Observer was first published in New York City on September 22,1987, as a newspaper by Arthur L. Carter. In July 2006, the paper was purchased by the American real estate figure Jared Kushner, the paper began its life as a broadsheet, and was then printed in tabloid format every Wednesday, and currently has an exclusively online format. It is headquartered at 1 Whitehall Street in Manhattan, schindler, Michael M. Thomas, Robert Sam Anson, Philip Weiss and Steve Kornacki. Originally, the paper was perhaps best known for publishing Candace Bushnells column on Manhattans social life on which the television series Sex and it was visually distinctive because of its salmon‑colored pages and sketch illustrations, in the style of La Gazzetta dello Sport. Henry Rollins once described it as the curiously pink newspaper, the paper switched to white‑colored paper in 2014. The fourth and longest serving editor for the newspaper, Peter Kaplan, interim editor Tom McGeveran was replaced by Kyle Pope in 2009. Elizabeth Spiers served as editor from 2011 to 2012, followed by interim editor Aaron Gell, in January 2013, publisher Jared Kushner named Ken Kurson, a political consultant, journalist, and author, as the Observers next editor. Observer Media, the parent company, announced recently to readers that the weekly print edition will close. Content will remain available online under the masthead Observer dropping New York. The November 9,2016 issue was the last for the print publication, the discontinuation of the print Observer came the day after Kushners father-in-law, Donald Trump, won the 2016 presidential election, Kushner serves as a senior advisor in the Trump Administration. Kushner transferred his ownership of Observer Medias remaining online assets into a family trust, the New York Observer was also the name of a weekly religious paper founded by Sidney E. Morse in 1823. The publisher and original owner, Arthur Carter, has had other publishing interests, at one time, he was a part‑owner in The East Hampton Star. Carter received a B. A. in French literature from Brown University and he spent 25 years in investment banking until 1981, when he founded the Litchfield County Times in New Milford, Connecticut. He owned it for twenty years until selling to Journal Register Company and he has been an adjunct professor of philosophy and journalism at New York University and is a trustee. In July 2006, Jared Kushner, a 25‑year‑old law student and son of a wealthy New Jersey developer, Charles Kushner, in April 2007 Bob Sommer became president of Observer Media Group, and subsequently served on OMG’s Board of Directors. In January 2017, Jared Kushner announced he would sell his stake to a Kushner family trust, Kushners brother-in-law, Joseph Meyer, who has been the CEO of Observer Media Group since 2013, replaced him as publisher
The New York Observer
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New York Observer
The New York Observer
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44th Street office
40.
Pitchfork Media
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Pitchfork is an American online magazine launched in 1995 by Ryan Schreiber, based in Chicago, Illinois and owned by Condé Nast. The site generally concentrates on new music, but Pitchfork journalists have also reviewed reissues, in late 1995, Ryan Schreiber, a recent high school graduate, created the magazine in Minneapolis. Influenced by local fanzines and KUOM, Schreiber, who had no writing experience. At first being Turntable, the site was updated monthly with interviews and reviews, in May 1996, the site began publishing daily and was renamed Pitchfork, alluding to Tony Montanas tattoo in Scarface. In early 1999, Schreiber relocated Pitchfork to Chicago, Illinois, by then, the site had expanded to four full-length album reviews daily, as well as sporadic interviews, features, and columns. It had also begun garnering a following for its coverage of underground music and its writing style. In October, the added a daily music news section. Pitchfork has launched a variety of subsidiary websites, Pitchfork. tv, a website displaying videos related to many independent music acts, launched in April 2008. It features bands that are found on Pitchfork. In July 2010, Pitchfork announced Altered Zones, a blog devoted to underground. On 21 May 2011, Pitchfork announced a partnership with Kill Screen, Altered Zones was closed on November 30. On December 26,2012, Pitchfork launched Nothing Major, a website that covered visual arts such as fine art, Nothing Major closed in October 2013. On October 13,2015, Condé Nast announced that it had acquired Pitchfork, following the sale, Schreiber remained as editor-in-chief. On March 13,2016, Pitchfork was redesigned, some publications have cited Pitchfork in having played a part in breaking artists such as Arcade Fire, Sufjan Stevens, Clap Your Hands Say Yeah, Interpol, The Go. Conversely, Pitchfork has also seen as being a negative influence on some indie artists. A dismissive 0.0 review of former Dismemberment Plan frontman Travis Morrisons Travistan album led to a sales drop. On the other hand, an endorsement from Pitchfork – which dispenses its approval one-tenth of a point at a time, up to a maximum of 10 points – is very valuable, indeed. Examples of Pitchforks impact include, Arcade Fire is among the bands most commonly cited to have benefited from a Pitchfork review
Pitchfork Media
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Logo of The Pitchfork Review
41.
Los Angeles Times
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The Los Angeles Times, commonly referred to as the Times or LA Times, is a paid daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California, since 1881. It was the largest metropolitan newspaper in circulation in the United States in 2008, the Times is owned by tronc. The Times was first published on December 4,1881, as the Los Angeles Daily Times under the direction of Nathan Cole Jr. and it was first printed at the Mirror printing plant, owned by Jesse Yarnell and T. J. Unable to pay the bill, Cole and Gardiner turned the paper over to the Mirror Company. Mathes had joined the firm, and it was at his insistence that the Times continued publication, in July 1882, Harrison Gray Otis moved from Santa Barbara to become the papers editor. Otis made the Times a financial success, in an era where newspapers were driven by party politics, the Times was directed at Republican readers. As was typical of newspapers of the time, the Times would sit on stories for several days, historian Kevin Starr wrote that Otis was a businessman capable of manipulating the entire apparatus of politics and public opinion for his own enrichment. Otiss editorial policy was based on civic boosterism, extolling the virtues of Los Angeles, the efforts of the Times to fight local unions led to the October 1,1910 bombing of its headquarters, killing twenty-one people. Two union leaders, James and Joseph McNamara, were charged, the American Federation of Labor hired noted trial attorney Clarence Darrow to represent the brothers, who eventually pleaded guilty. Upon Otiss death in 1917, his son-in-law, Harry Chandler, Harry Chandler was succeeded in 1944 by his son, Norman Chandler, who ran the paper during the rapid growth of post-war Los Angeles. Family members are buried at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery near Paramount Studios, the site also includes a memorial to the Times Building bombing victims. The fourth generation of family publishers, Otis Chandler, held that position from 1960 to 1980, Otis Chandler sought legitimacy and recognition for his familys paper, often forgotten in the power centers of the Northeastern United States due to its geographic and cultural distance. He sought to remake the paper in the model of the nations most respected newspapers, notably The New York Times, believing that the newsroom was the heartbeat of the business, Otis Chandler increased the size and pay of the reporting staff and expanded its national and international reporting. In 1962, the paper joined with the Washington Post to form the Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Service to syndicate articles from both papers for news organizations. During the 1960s, the paper won four Pulitzer Prizes, more than its previous nine decades combined, eventually the coupon-clipping branches realized that they could make more money investing in something other than newspapers. Under their pressure the companies went public, or split apart, thats the pattern followed over more than a century by the Los Angeles Times under the Chandler family. The papers early history and subsequent transformation was chronicled in an unauthorized history Thinking Big and it has also been the whole or partial subject of nearly thirty dissertations in communications or social science in the past four decades. In 2000, the Tribune Company acquired the Times, placing the paper in co-ownership with then-WB -affiliated KTLA, which Tribune acquired in 1985
Los Angeles Times
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Front page from October 21, 2008
Los Angeles Times
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Chandler and Otis 1917
Los Angeles Times
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Rubble of the L.A. Times building after the 1910 bombing
Los Angeles Times
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Times Newspaper vending machine featuring news of the 1984 Summer Olympics
42.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
Billboard (magazine)
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An 1896 issue of Billboard
Billboard (magazine)
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Cover of Billboard (January 26, 2013).
43.
Prometheus Global Media
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Prometheus Global Media was a New York City-based B2B media company. The company was formed in December 2009, when Nielsen Company sold its entertainment and media division to a private equity-backed group led by Pluribus Capital Management, Guggenheim acquired Pluribuss stake in the company in January 2013, giving it full ownership under the division of Guggenheim Digital Media. On December 17,2015, it was announced that Guggenheim would spin out its media properties to a group led by former executive Todd Boehly, known as Eldridge Industries. Two Nielsen properties, Editor & Publisher, and Kirkus Reviews, were not included in the sale, Editor & Publisher would instead be sold to the Duncan McIntosh Company, and Kirkus Reviews would be sold to Herbert Simon. The companys first CEO was Richard Beckman, previously an executive and publisher at Condé Nast and Fairchild Publications, the new format was meant to compete against up-and-coming blogs focusing on industry news, such as Deadline. com and TheWrap, along with its then-struggling rival Variety. The changes had a significant impact on the performance, by 2013, ad sales were up more than 50%. In late 2011, Prometheus went through a number of cost-cutting measures, in April 2013, Guggenheim re-acquired Backstage and made its CEO John Amato president of the Billboard Group—a new group consisting of Billboard, Backstage, and Sonicbids. In a January 2014 restructuring, Levinsohn was shifted to a development role. The remaining properties, consisting of Adweek and Film Expo Group, are led by Jeff Wilbur, the acquisition did not include Mediabistros expo business, which were retained under the name Mecklermedia. On January 13,2015, Adweek and Film Expo Group were merged into Mediabistro to form a new Prometheus subsidiary, at the same time, its blogs were re-launched under the new Adweek Blog Network banner, and all of Mediabistros social media-oriented blogs were merged into SocialTimes. In March 2015, Guggenheim Partners reported that its president Todd Boehly was exploring the possibility of forming his own company, the resultant company is known as Eldridge Industries
Prometheus Global Media
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Prometheus Global Media
44.
Official Charts Company
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The OCC is operated jointly by the British Phonographic Industry and the Entertainment Retailers Association. Since 1 July 1997, CIN and then the OCC have compiled the official charts, prior to this date, the charts were produced by a succession of market research companies, beginning with the British Market Research Bureau in 1969, and later by Gallup. All of the OCCs charts are published weekly on Friday nights, from 3 August 1969 until 5 July 2015, the chart week ran from Sunday to Saturday. Genre-specific charts include UK Dance Chart, UK Indie Chart, UK R&B Chart, UK Rock Chart, the Scottish Singles and Albums Charts ― and the former Welsh Singles and Albums Chart ― appears in listings within the Official Charts Company. It is a regional listing reflecting how sales towards the UK Singles Chart, the Welsh Singles and Album Chart served the same purpose in Wales. It also charts the UK DVD Chart and UK Budget Album Chart, while their music charts are now Friday to Thursday, their video charts remain Sunday to Saturday. On 5 September 2008, the Official UK Charts Company rebranded itself as the Official Charts Company and it later dropped the word Company and became just Official Charts. From May 2012, a new chart was launched – the Official Streaming Chart and this counts audio streams from streaming services Spotify, Deezer, Blinkbox Music, Napster, amongst others. In April 2015, the UKs first vinyl record chart was launched by the Official Charts Company due to the surge of interest in the sector. The chart was launched following the growth of the sector in the UK for the year in a row. Beginning in 2017 the Official Charts Company changed its methodology for calculating the Top 40, prior to January 2017,100 streams counted as one sale of a song. From January onward, the ratio became 150,1, UK Albums Chart UK Singles Chart UK Video Charts UK Singles Downloads Chart UK Album Downloads Chart British Phonographic Industry Official Charts Company website
Official Charts Company
45.
Consequence of Sound
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Consequence of Sound is a Chicago-based online magazine featuring news, editorials, and reviews of music and movies. In addition, the website features the Festival Outlook micro-site. The website takes its name from the Regina Spektor song, Consequence of Sounds. The site was founded in September 2007 by Alex Young—who now has the role of the sites CEO and publisher—and it has a staff of over 50 writers, editors, graphic designers. In February 2012, the website launched a long form writing section, in March 2012, the website launched its first-ever mobile app at South by Southwest. Consequence of Sound is listed as one of the most influential music websites by Technorati, in 2010, About. com ranked Consequence of Sound the years best music blog, based on Technorati rankings and the online buzz throughout the year. In the Spring of 2014, Style of Sound calculated that Consequence of Sound charted as the No.2 Most Influential Music Blog, a popular feature of Consequence of Sound is the Festival Outlook, posting rumors regarding bands playing music festivals. However, it has caused some controversy, in 2009, CoS reported that Paul McCartney and The Killers would headline the 2009 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival prior to its lineup announcement. In 2010, CoS reported that Muse, Jay-Z, and Gorillaz would headline the 2010 Coachella Valley Music, official website Consequence of Sound on Facebook Consequence of Sound on Twitter
Consequence of Sound
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Consequence of Sound
46.
Kanye West
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Kanye Omari West is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, fashion designer, and entrepreneur. Intent on pursuing a career as a rapper, West released his debut album The College Dropout in 2004 to widespread critical and commercial success. He went on to pursue a variety of different styles on subsequent albums Late Registration, Graduation, and 808s & Heartbreak. In 2010, he released his fifth album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy to rave reviews from critics, West released his abrasive sixth album, Yeezus, to further critical praise in 2013. His seventh album, The Life of Pablo, was released in 2016, Wests outspoken views and life outside of music have received significant mainstream attention. He has been a frequent source of controversy for his conduct at award shows, on social media and he is the founder and head of the creative content company DONDA. His 2014 marriage to television personality Kim Kardashian has also been subject to media coverage. He has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all time, three of his albums have been included and ranked on Rolling Stones 2012 update of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list. He has also included in a number of Forbes annual lists. Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2005 and 2015, West was born on June 8,1977 in Atlanta, Georgia. His parents divorced when he was three years old, after the divorce, he and his mother moved to Chicago, Illinois. His father, Ray West, is a former Black Panther and was one of the first black photojournalists at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Ray West was later a Christian counselor, and in 2006, opened the Good Water Store and Café in Lexington Park, Maryland with startup capital from his son. West, was a professor of English at Clark Atlanta University, West was raised in a middle-class background, attending Polaris High School in suburban Oak Lawn, Illinois after living in Chicago. At the age of 10, West moved with his mother to Nanjing, China, according to his mother, West was the only foreigner in his class, but settled in well and quickly picked up the language, although he has since forgotten most of it. When asked about his grades in school, West replied, I got As. West demonstrated an affinity for the arts at an early age and his mother recalled that she first took notice of Wests passion for drawing and music when he was in the third grade. Growing up in Chicago, West became deeply involved in its hip hop scene and he started rapping in the third grade and began making musical compositions in the seventh grade, eventually selling them to other artists
Kanye West
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West performing at Lollapalooza in 2011
Kanye West
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West performing in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, April 2007
Kanye West
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West performing in Austin, Texas, March 2009
Kanye West
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West performing with Jay-Z on their Watch the Throne Tour in 2011
47.
James Blake (musician)
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James Blake Litherland, known as James Blake, is an English singer, songwriter, musician and record producer from London. He first received recognition in 2010 for a trio of dubstep-influenced EPs, and his second studio album Overgrown was released in 2013 and was awarded the Mercury Prize. His third studio album The Colour in Anything was released in 2016, Blake has also released remix work under the moniker Harmonimix. Blake received his second Grammy Award nomination at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards for Best New Artist, at the 2014 Brit Awards, Blake was nominated for the Brit Award for British Male Solo Artist. James Blake is the son of musician James Litherland, and showed a strong interest and he received classical training in piano as a child, and completed primary education at Grange Park Primary School, Winchmore Hill and secondary education at The Latymer School, Edmonton. Later on, he attended Goldsmiths, University of London, where he received a degree in Popular Music, while at school, Blake and friends hosted a series of Bass Society music nights that featured UK artists such as Distance, Skream and Benga. Blake began his career by releasing his debut 12 record, entitled Air & Lack Thereof in the United Kingdom during July 2009. Having been released on the imprint record label, Hemlock, the became a favourite of BBC Radio 1 DJ Gilles Peterson. Soon after the release of the record Blake was invited by Peterson to do a mix on his international show. As a second-year composition assignment for his studies at Goldsmiths, he submitted the soon-to-be-released Klavierwerke EP, a third EP, entitled CMYK, was released through R&S Records during 2010. The title track, CMYK was selected by BBC Radio 1 DJ Nick Grimshaw as his Record of the Week, on 29 September 2010, Zane Lowe selected Blakes cover version of Limit to Your Love as his Hottest Record in the World. The song was written and originally recorded by Feist and appeared on her studio album, the single was released in the United Kingdom on 28 November 2010, where it debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 47. It was also revealed on 15 December 2010 that Blake had been made the runner-up behind singer-songwriter Jessie J at the BRIT Awards Critics Choice, in January 2011, Blake was awarded Single of the Year for CMYK at Gilles Petersons Worldwide Awards. Blake revealed in late December 2010 that his album would be self-titled, only days after the original announcement was made, the album was leaked onto the internet. On 9 January 2011, The Wilhelm Scream was trailed as the second single. In February 2011, James Blake first appeared on the cover of the publication The Fader and these included Deeds, Olivia Kept, and Evening Fell Hard for Us. During the final weeks of 2012, James Blake performed three intimate shows where he debuted new songs, later that year, Blake released both the Enough Thunder and Love What Happened Here EPs in 2011. These EPs, noticeably more structured than his previous releases, featured R&B-tinged work as opposed to the electronic style found on CMYK
James Blake (musician)
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James Blake performing at Dockville, Germany, Hamburg, 2012
48.
Kendrick Lamar
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Kendrick Lamar Duckworth is an American hip hop recording artist and songwriter. He began to gain recognition in 2010, after his first retail release, the following year, Lamar independently released his first studio album, Section.80, which included his debut single, HiiiPoWeR. By that time, he had amassed a large Internet following and collaborated with artists in the hip hop industry, including The Game, Snoop Dogg. Lamar secured a record deal with Aftermath and Interscope Records. His major-label debut, good kid, m. A. A. d city, was released in October 2012 to critical success and it debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 chart and was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. The record contained the top 40 singles Swimming Pools, Bitch, Dont Kill My Vibe, Lamar won his first Grammy Award for i, lead single from his critical acclaimed third album To Pimp a Butterfly. The album drew on jazz, funk, soul, and spoken word, debuted atop the charts in the US and the UK. In 2016, Lamar released untitled unmastered, a collection of unreleased demos that originated during the recording sessions for Butterfly. Lamar has received a number of accolades over the course of his career, in early 2013, MTV named Lamar the number one Hottest MC in the Game, on their annual list. Time named Lamar one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2016, Lamar was born in Compton, California, the son of a couple from Chicago, Illinois. His first name was given to him by his mother in honor of singer Eddie Kendricks. In 1995, at the age of eight, Lamar witnessed his idols, Tupac Shakur and Dr. Dre, film the video for their hit single California Love. He grew up on welfare and section 8 housing, as a child, Lamar attended McNair Elementary in the Compton Unified School District. As a teenager, Lamar went on to attend Centennial High School in Compton, in 2004, at the age of 16, Lamar released his first full-length project, a mixtape titled Youngest Head Nigga in Charge, under the pseudonym K-Dot. The mixtape was released under Konkrete Jungle Muzik and garnered recognition for Lamar. The mixtape led to Lamar securing a contract with Top Dawg Entertainment. He began recording material with the label and subsequently released a 26 track mixtape two years later, titled Training Day. Throughout 2006 and 2007, Lamar would appear alongside other up-and-coming West Coast rappers, such as Jay Rock and Ya Boy, under the moniker K-Dot, Lamar was also featured on The Games songs The Cypha and Cali Niggaz
Kendrick Lamar
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Lamar performing at Way Out West in 2013
Kendrick Lamar
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Kendrick Lamar performing in Toronto on June 16, 2011
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Lamar in 2012
Kendrick Lamar
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Lamar performing in 2012
49.
Chance the Rapper
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In 2013, he began to gain recognition following the release of his second mixtape, Acid Rap. Apart from his career, he is also a member of the Chicago collective Save Money. They released the widely lauded album Surf in May 2015, in May 2016, Bennett released his third mixtape Coloring Book to further critical acclaim. It earned him three Grammy awards, including for Best Rap Album, Coloring Book was the first streaming-only album to ever receive and win a Grammy nomination. Chance the Rapper grew up in the neighborhood of West Chatham on Chicagos South Side. His younger brother, Taylor Bennett, is also a Chicago rapper and his father, Ken Williams-Bennett, was an aide to former Chicago mayor Harold Washington and worked for then-Senator Barack Obama. Williams-Bennett, who is now a deputy chief of staff to Mayor Rahm Emanuel, in his freshman year at Jones College Prep High School, Chance formed the hip-hop duo Instrumentality with a friend. Many of Chances earliest performances took place at the YOUmedia Lyricist Loft at Harold Washington Library in Chicago, at Jones College Prep High School, some of his teachers ridiculed his aspirations to become a musician. Following a 10-day suspension in early 2011 during his year for possessing marijuana on campus, Bennett recorded his first full-length project. In December 2011, he released a song titled Windows, in February 2012, Bennett was highlighted as one of Complex magazines 10 New Chicago Rappers to Watch Out For. Bennett says he spent about eight months recording, writing and making connections off of the hunger to put out something, Bennett released the mixtape on April 3,2012 and it has since been downloaded over 300,000 times via Datpiff. The mixtape was well received locally and helped Bennett make connections with such as Chuck Inglish, Kenny Jame$. The mixtape grabbed the attention of Forbes magazine, which featured it in the publications Cheap Tunes column, in July 2012, Bennett appeared on American rapper Childish Gambinos sixth mixtape, Royalty, on the track, called They Dont Like Me. Gambino asked Bennett to join on his first concert tour of North America as his opening act, on April 30,2013, Chance released his second mixtape, Acid Rap, on DatPiff. Since the release of his mixtape, the record has been downloaded one million times. Chance enlisted the guest vocalists from Twista, Vic Mensa, Saba, BJ the Chicago Kid, Action Bronson, Childish Gambino, Acid Rap was strongly praised by music critics and fans alike. At Metacritic, the received an average score of 86, based on 21 critics. It was also nominated for Best Mixtape at the 2013s BET Hip Hop Awards, on May 6,2013, after being featured as the hidden track on Acid Rap, which is a song, titled Paranoia
Chance the Rapper
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Chance The Rapper performing live in 2013.
Chance the Rapper
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Chance the Rapper performing in 2014.
50.
The Roots
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The Roots is an American hip hop group, formed in 1987 by Tariq Black Thought Trotter and Ahmir Questlove Thompson in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The Roots are known for a jazzy and eclectic approach to hip-hop featuring live musical instruments, Leonard Hub Hubbard, and Josh Abrams were added to the band. The Roots served as the band on NBCs Late Night with Jimmy Fallon from 2009 to 2014. The Roots work has consistently met with critical acclaim. About. com ranked the band #7 on its list of the 25 Best Hip-Hop Groups of All-Time, the Roots originated in Philadelphia with Ahmir Questlove Thompson and Tariq Black Thought Trotter while they were both attending the Philadelphia High School for the Creative and Performing Arts. They would busk out on the corners with Questlove playing bucket drums. In 1992, they dropped the Square because a local group had claim to the name. Organix was the bands first album, released and sold independently in 1993 and it drew offers from music labels, and the band signed with DGC/Geffen. The Roots first album for DGC, Do You Want More. was released in 1994 and it was a moderate hit among alternative music fans, boosted by the groups appearance at Lollapalooza. The band performed at the Montreux Jazz Festival that year, touring guests, beatboxer Rahzel and producer Scott Storch, joined The Roots. What They Do was also the groups first single to hit the Top 40 of Billboards charts, while continuing on the path of live instrumentation, the albums sound was somewhat darker. The group released Things Fall Apart in 1999 and this was their breakthrough album, peaking at No.4 on the Billboard 200 charts and earning a gold record, signifying U. S. sales of at least 500,000 units. The album was certified platinum in April,2013. Mos Def contributed to the track entitled Double Trouble, the track Act Two features African-Belgian band Zap Mama and Common. The track You Got Me, a duet with R&B singer Erykah Badu and Eve and Jill Scott intended by Black Thought for the unconscious population, peaked at No.39 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts. At the 42nd Grammy Awards You Got Me won the award for Best Rap Performance By A Duo Or Group, steve Huey of the website allmusic. com perceived a strong affinity for the neo-soul movement in the album. First-time cameos on Things Fall Apart for Philadelphia natives Beanie Sigel, after this album, Dice Raw left the collective to record his solo debut album Reclaiming the Dead. In the summer, the performed at the Woodstock 99 concert in New York state
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The Roots performing in Toronto, Ontario on March 24, 2007.
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Rapper Black Thought is the lead vocalist of The Roots.
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Questlove in discussion during book signing.
51.
Foo Fighters
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Foo Fighters is an American rock band, formed in Seattle, Washington in 1994. It was founded by Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl as a project following the dissolution of Nirvana after the death of Kurt Cobain. The group got its name from the UFOs and various phenomena that were reported by Allied aircraft pilots in World War II. The band began with performances in Portland, Oregon, Goldsmith quit during the recording of the groups second album, The Colour and the Shape, when most of the drum parts were re-recorded by Grohl himself. Smears departure followed soon afterward, though he would rejoin them in 2005 and they were replaced by Taylor Hawkins and Franz Stahl, respectively, although Stahl was fired before the recording of the groups third album, There Is Nothing Left to Lose. The band briefly continued as a trio until Chris Shiflett joined as the lead guitarist after the completion of There Is Nothing Left to Lose. The band released its album, One by One, in 2002. The group followed that release with the two-disc In Your Honor, Foo Fighters released its sixth album, Echoes, Silence, Patience & Grace, in 2007. The bands seventh album, Wasting Light, produced by Butch Vig was released in 2011. In November 2014, the eighth studio album, Sonic Highways, was released as an accompanying soundtrack to the Grohl-directed 2014 miniseries of the same name. Over the course of the career, four of its albums have won Grammy Awards for Best Rock Album. As of 2015, the eight albums have sold 12 million copies in the U. S. and 30 million worldwide. Foo Fighters frontman Dave Grohl joined the grunge group Nirvana as its drummer in 1990, during tours, he took a guitar with him and wrote songs. Grohl held back these songs from the rest of the band, he said in 1997, I was in awe of, I thought it was best that I kept my songs to myself. Grohl occasionally booked studio time to record demos and covers of songs he liked, frontman Kurt Cobain was found dead in his Seattle home on April 8,1994, and Nirvana subsequently disbanded. Grohl received offers to work with artists, press rumors indicated he might be joining Pearl Jam and he almost accepted a permanent position as drummer in Tom Petty. Ultimately Grohl declined and instead entered Robert Lang Studios in October 1994 to record fifteen of the forty songs he had written. With the exception of a part on X-Static, played by Greg Dulli of the Afghan Whigs, Dave Grohl played every instrument
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Foo Fighters performing in November 2007. From left to right: Chris Shiflett, Dave Grohl, Taylor Hawkins and Nate Mendel
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Dave Grohl (pictured in 2006) founded Foo Fighters after his previous band Nirvana ended in 1994
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Long-time drummer Taylor Hawkins (pictured in 2012) joined the band in 1997
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Foo Fighters performing an acoustic show in 2007
52.
Death Grips
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Death Grips is an experimental hip hop group from Sacramento, California, formed in 2010. The group consists of rapper/vocalist Stefan Burnett, drummer/producer/songwriter Zach Hill, the band has featured guitarist Nick Reinhart of Tera Melos on their albums Fashion Week, Jenny Death and Bottomless Pit. Their musical style draws on hip hop, punk, electronic, noise, in 2015, The Skinny called them the first truly important band of the twenty-first century. The group released the mixtape Exmilitary in April 2011 and their debut album The Money Store the following year. Shortly after signing to Epic Records in 2012, the group leaked their second album No Love Deep Web for free download in breach of their contract and were dropped from the label. They released their third album Government Plates in 2013, following several broken performance commitments, the group announced their disbanding in July 2014 along with the release of their fourth album The Powers That B. However, in March 2015 the group revealed that they make some more music. Later that year, they announced their official studio album titled Bottomless Pit. Death Grips was formed in Sacramento, California on December 21,2010, by Zach Hill, Andy Morin, on the first day of their formation they recorded their first song, Full Moon. It was released on March 8,2011 together with a video, on April 25,2011, Death Grips released a free mixtape entitled Exmilitary, containing several tracks from the EP along with new cuts. Throughout the spring and early summer in 2011, Death Grips played small live shows while Exmilitary was spreading throughout the Internet. It received several favorable ratings from critics, with NBCNewYork. com calling it an intense. During this time the members were largely elusive, the only known member being Hill. The first album, The Money Store, was released on April 21,2012 while the songs Blackjack, Get Got, Music videos have been released for all three, as well as the track Lost Boys alone with no video accompaniment. They spent the four months recording their next album, No Love Deep Web. A video for track was released on October 17 featuring animation from Galen Pehrson. This project was created for the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles, on October 1, the band self-released their sophomore effort via a website which they linked to from Twitter and Soundcloud, and various filesharing services including BitTorrent. This was apparently an effort to bypass the fact that their label was unwilling to release the album until 2013
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Death Grips performing in New York City in 2015
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MC Ride (left) and Zach Hill (right) performing live in August 2011.
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Death Grips performing in New York City in 2012
53.
Arcade Fire
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Founded in 2001 by friends and classmates Win Butler and Josh Deu, the band came to prominence in 2004 with the release of their critically acclaimed debut album Funeral. Their second studio album, Neon Bible, won them the 2008 Meteor Music Award for Best International Album and their third studio album, The Suburbs, was released in 2010 to critical acclaim and commercial success. It received many accolades, including the 2011 Grammy for Album of the Year, the 2011 Juno Award for Album of the Year, Win Butler and Josh Deu founded Arcade Fire in Montreal around 2001, having first met at Phillips Exeter Academy as high school students. Both attended Concordia University, where their musical ideas began to develop, the duo began rehearsing their material at McGill University where they met Régine Chassagne, a music student whom they asked to join them. Deu recalls, Win and I played guitar and we had no music to show her, but she ended up saying yes to joining us, and I don’t know why. Maybe there was a spark with Win. The trio recorded a set of demos and began performing live in the half of 2001. The initial Montreal structure of the band began to dissolve in the summer of 2002, tension between Butler and bassist Myles Broscoe led the latter to exit the band following the recording session. Richard Reed Parry, who had enlisted to help the band record, began to collaborate with them during the sessions. Around the same time, Joshua Deu left the band to continue his studies, in the winter of 2003, the band celebrated the release of its EP with a show at Montreals Casa del Popolo. Before a crowd packed beyond capacity, the set ended with an argument between Butler and Reed, who quit the band on-stage. Mills told gathered friends in the crowd immediately thereafter that he considered the band to have broken up, the eponymous release was sold at early shows. After the band achieved fame, the EP was subsequently remastered, the promise shown by the new band in its early live shows allowed them to land a record contract with the independent record label, Merge Records, before the end of its first year together. When asked about the rumour that the name refers to a fire in an arcade, Win Butler replied, Its not a rumour. Its not an event, but one that I took to be real. I would say that its something that the kid made up. Funeral was released in September 2004 in Canada and February 2005 in Great Britain, the title of the debut album referred to the deaths of several relatives of band members during its recording. These events created an atmosphere that influenced songs such as Une année sans lumière, In the Backseat
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Arcade Fire in 2010
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Arcade Fire's second album Neon Bible.
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Arcade Fire performing in support of Neon Bible at the United Palace Theater on May 7, 2007
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Win Butler
54.
The War on Drugs (band)
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The War on Drugs is an American indie rock band from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, formed in 2005. The band consists of Adam Granduciel, David Hartley, Robbie Bennett, Charlie Hall, Jon Natchez, founded by close collaborators Granduciel and Kurt Vile, The War on Drugs released their debut studio album, Wagonwheel Blues, in 2008. Vile departed shortly after its release to focus on his solo career, the bands second studio album Slave Ambient was released in 2011 to favorable reviews and extensive touring. In 2003, frontman Adam Granduciel moved from Oakland, California to Philadelphia, where he met Kurt Vile, the duo subsequently began writing, recording and performing music together. Vile stated, Adam was the first dude I met when I moved back to Philadelphia in 2003 and we saw eye-to-eye on a lot of things. I was obsessed with Bob Dylan at the time, and we totally geeked-out on that and we started playing together in the early days and he would be in my band, The Violators. Then, eventually I played in The War On Drugs, Granduciel and Vile began playing as The War on Drugs in 2005. Regarding the bands name, Granduciel noted, My friend Julian and I came up with it a few years ago over a couple bottles of red wine and a few typewriters when we were living in Oakland. We were writing a lot then, working on a dictionary. It was either that or The Rigatoni Danzas, I think we made the right choice. Granduciel had previously toured and recorded with The Capitol Years, the group gave away its Barrel of Batteries EP for free early in 2008. Their debut LP for Secretly Canadian, Wagonwheel Blues, was released in 2008, I knew if I stuck with that, it would be all my time and my goal was to have my own musical career. The lineup underwent several changes, and by the end of 2008, Kurt Vile, Charlie Hall, at that time Granduciel and Hartley were joined by drummer Mike Zanghi, whom Granduciel also played with in Kurt Viles backing band, the Violators. After recording much of the forthcoming studio album, Slave Ambient. Drummer Steven Urgo subsequently joined the band, with keyboardist Robbie Bennett also joining at around this time, regarding Zanghis exit, Granduciel noted, I loved Mike, and I loved the sound of The Violators, but then he wasnt really the sound of my band. But you have things like friendship, and hes down to tour and hes a great guy, Slave Ambient was released to favorable reviews in 2011. In 2012, Patrick Berkery replaced Urgo as the bands drummer, on 4 December 2013 the band announced the upcoming release of its third studio album, Lost in the Dream. The band streamed the album in its entirety on NPRs First Listen site for a week before its release, Lost in the Dream was featured as the Vinyl Me, Please record of the month in August 2014
The War on Drugs (band)
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Adam Granduciel from The War on Drugs
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The War on Drugs at Best Kept Secret Festival, 2014
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The War on Drugs performing at the Kaufleuten Club in Zurich, 2014
55.
Tame Impala
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Tame Impala are an Australian psychedelic band created by Kevin Parker in 2007. The group began as a recording project for Parker, who writes, records, performs. As a touring act, the project consists of Parker, Jay Watson, Dominic Simper, Cam Avery, previously signed to Modular Recordings, Tame Impala is signed to Interscope Records in the US, and Fiction Records in the UK. After a series of singles and EPs, in 2010, Tame Impala released their studio album, Innerspeaker. The groups 2012 follow-up, Lonerism, was acclaimed, reaching platinum status in Australia. The bands third album, Currents, was released on 17 July 2015, Parker won the APRA Award for Song of the Year 2016 for the albums first track Let It Happen. The origins of the band can be found in the Perth music scene, Parker played in a number of bands, one being the Dee Dee Dums, a rock duo that consisted of Parker and Luke Epstein. Tame Impala emerged in 2007 as a Kevin Parker home-recording project in this period and this brought interest from a number of labels and eventually, he signed a worldwide deal with the independent Modular Recordings in July 2008. To transfer these recordings to a live-stage, Parker enlisted the help of Dominic Simper and Jay Watson, the signing was soon followed by the release of their self-titled debut EP in September 2008. Due to Parkers original artwork there was confusion with the EP title. The artwork is an interpretation of a slide he saw in an astronomy lecture, the cover art is meant to be a painting, an interpretation of a diagram, so those labels are just there to make the diagram make sense. But lo and behold, there were coming out saying And Tame Impalas new EP Antares, Mira. Tame Impala appeared on Triple Js Hottest 100 list in 2008—their first appearance on the list— with Half Full Glass of Wine at number 75, the song is also on the Hottest 100 compilation album. Tame Impalas first single, Sundown Syndrome, was recorded at Toerag Studios in London, UK, with recording engineer Liam Watson, Sundown Syndrome was premiered by Richard Kingsmill on his 2009 show on Triple J on Sunday 10 May 2009. The song was released in July 2009 on vinyl, and digitally with a cover of Remember Me by DJ Blue Boy. The band then headlined the inaugural Rottofest in August 2009, a comedy, film. Following Rottofest, they embarked on a tour through September and October 2009 in support of the single. Remember Me appeared at number 78 on Triple Js Hottest 100 for 2009, Sundown Syndrome was included on the soundtrack of the Oscar-nominated film The Kids Are All Right
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Tame Impala performing in 2014
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Tame Impala performing at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in June 2010
56.
E Street Band
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The E Street Band is an American rock band, and has been musician Bruce Springsteens primary backing band since 1972. The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014. S, Bonds, Darlene Love, Southside Johnny, The Grateful Dead, Santana, Lucinda Williams, Steve Earle, Emmylou Harris, Tracy Chapman, Lady Gaga and Aretha Franklin. The E Street Band was founded in October 1972, but it was not formally named until September 1974, Springsteen has put together other backing bands during his career, but the E Street Band has been together more or less continuously since its inception. The original lineup included Garry Tallent, Clarence Clemons, Danny Federici, Vini Mad Dog Lopez, the band took its name from the street in Belmar, New Jersey, where Sancious mother lived. She allowed the band to rehearse in her garage, ‘Bruce’ tourists to the area often mistakenly believe the house was on the corner of E Street and 10th Avenue, perhaps due to the song Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out about the bands beginnings. The Sancious house was at 1107 E Street with the garage squeezed between the house and the southside fence, Springsteens debut Greetings from Asbury Park, N. J. appeared in 1972, and the bands first national tour began in October 1972. Sancious, even though he played on the album, missed that first tour and it was not until June 1973 that he began appearing regularly on stage with the band. In February 1974, Lopez was asked to resign, and was replaced by Ernest Boom Carter. A few months later, in August 1974, Sancious and Carter left to form their own jazz band called Tone. They were replaced in September 1974 by Roy Bittan and Max Weinberg, violinist Suki Lahav was briefly a member of the band before leaving in March 1975 to emigrate to Israel. Steven Van Zandt, who had long associated with Springsteen and had played in previous bands with him. This lineup remained stable until the early 1980s when Van Zandt left to pursue his own career and he would later rejoin the band in 1995. In June 1984 Nils Lofgren was added to replace Van Zandt, Springsteens future wife, by 2002, the band also included Soozie Tyrell. Tyrell had earlier worked with Scialfa touring with Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes, whether Tyrell became as full-fledged a member as the others remains unclear. When asked about the lack of mention in a release prior to the Magic Tour, Springsteen just said in response. Springsteen stated at the time, Danny is one of the pillars of our sound and has played beside me as a friend for more than 40 years. We all eagerly await his healthy and speedy return, Federici made his only return to the stage on March 20,2008, when he appeared for portions of a Springsteen and E Street Band performance at Conseco Fieldhouse in Indianapolis. Federici died on April 17,2008 at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, Springsteens album, Working on a Dream, is dedicated to him
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Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band at the end of a performance, 2009
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Garry W. Tallent
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Roy Bittan
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Patti Scialfa performs with the E Street Band, Hartford Civic Center, October 2, 2007
57.
MusicBrainz
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MusicBrainz is a project that aims to create an open data music database that is similar to the freedb project. MusicBrainz was founded in response to the placed on the Compact Disc Database. MusicBrainz has expanded its goals to reach beyond a compact disc metadata storehouse to become an open online database for music. MusicBrainz captures information about artists, their works, and the relationships between them. Recorded works entries capture at a minimum the album title, track titles, and these entries are maintained by volunteer editors who follow community written style guidelines. Recorded works can also store information about the date and country. As of 26 July 2016, MusicBrainz contained information about roughly 1.1 million artists,1.6 million releases, end-users can use software that communicates with MusicBrainz to add metadata tags to their digital media files, such as MP3, Ogg Vorbis or AAC. As with other contributions, the MusicBrainz community is in charge for maintaining and reviewing the data, besides collecting metadata about music, MusicBrainz also allows looking up recordings by their acoustic fingerprint. A separate application, such as MusicBrainz Picard, must be used for this, in 2000, MusicBrainz started using Relatables patented TRM for acoustic fingerprint matching. This feature attracted many users and allowed the database to grow quickly, however, by 2005 TRM was showing scalability issues as the number of tracks in the database had reached into the millions. This issue was resolved in May 2006 when MusicBrainz partnered with MusicIP, tRMs were phased out and replaced by MusicDNS in November 2008. In October 2009 MusicIP was acquired by AmpliFIND, some time after the acquisition, the MusicDNS service began having intermittent problems. Since the future of the free service was uncertain, a replacement for it was sought. The Chromaprint acoustic fingerprinting algorithm, the basis for AcoustID identification service, was started in February 2010 by a long-time MusicBrainz contributor Lukáš Lalinský, while AcoustID and Chromaprint are not officially MusicBrainz projects, they are closely tied with each other and both are open source. Chromaprint works by analyzing the first two minutes of a track, detecting the strength in each of 12 pitch classes, storing these 8 times per second, additional post-processing is then applied to compress this fingerprint while retaining patterns. The AcoustID search server then searches from the database of fingerprints by similarity, since 2003, MusicBrainzs core data are in the public domain, and additional content, including moderation data, is placed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-SA-2.0 license. The relational database management system is PostgreSQL, the server software is covered by the GNU General Public License. The MusicBrainz client software library, libmusicbrainz, is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License, in December 2004, the MusicBrainz project was turned over to the MetaBrainz Foundation, a non-profit group, by its creator Robert Kaye
MusicBrainz
