Self-reference is a concept that involves referring to oneself or one's own attributes, characteristics, or actions. It can occur in language, logic, mathematics, philosophy, and other fields.
Drawloom, with drawboy above to control the harnesses, woven as a repeating pattern in an early-1800s piece of Japanese silk. The silk illustrates the means by which it was produced.
A self-referencing work of graffiti apologizing for its own existence
Self-referential graffiti. The painter drawn on a wall erases his own graffiti, and may be erased himself by the next facade cleaner.
Recursion occurs when the definition of a concept or process depends on a simpler or previous version of itself. Recursion is used in a variety of disciplines ranging from linguistics to logic. The most common application of recursion is in mathematics and computer science, where a function being defined is applied within its own definition. While this apparently defines an infinite number of instances, it is often done in such a way that no infinite loop or infinite chain of references can occur.
A visual form of recursion known as the Droste effect. The woman in this image holds an object that contains a smaller image of her holding an identical object, which in turn contains a smaller image of herself holding an identical object, and so forth. 1904 Droste cocoa tin, designed by Jan Misset
Ouroboros, an ancient symbol depicting a serpent or dragon eating its own tail
Sourdough starter being stirred into flour to produce sourdough: the recipe calls for some sourdough left over from the last time the same recipe was made.
A plaque commemorates the Toronto Recursive History Project of Toronto's Recursive History.