The Serapeum of Saqqara was the ancient Egyptian burial place for sacred bulls of the Apis cult at Memphis. It was believed that the bulls were incarnations of the god Ptah, which would become immortal after death as Osiris-Apis, a name which evolved to Serapis (Σέραπις) in the Hellenistic period, and Userhapi (ⲟⲩⲥⲉⲣϩⲁⲡⲓ) in Coptic. It is part of the Saqqara necropolis, which includes several other animal catacombs, notably the burial vaults of the mother cows of the Apis.
Entrance ramp to the burial vaults
Procession of the Apis bull, by Frederick Arthur Bridgman, 1879
A typical sarcophagus in the Ptolematic section of the Serapeum
Sarcophagus for Apis bull that died in the 23rd year of Amasis II
Cattle are prominent in some religions and mythologies. As such, numerous peoples throughout the world have at one point in time honored bulls as sacred. In the Sumerian religion, Marduk is the "bull of Utu". In Hinduism, Shiva's steed is Nandi, the Bull. The sacred bull survives in the constellation Taurus. The bull, whether lunar as in Mesopotamia or solar as in India, is the subject of various other cultural and religious incarnations as well as modern mentions in New Age cultures.
The Procession of the Bull Apis by Frederick Arthur Bridgman, oil on canvas, 1879
20,000-year-old cave paintings in Lascaux, France
Human-headed winged bulls from Sargon II's palace in Dur-Sharrukin, modern Khorsabad (Louvre)
Stele dedicated to an Apis, dating to Year 21 of Psamtik I (c. 644 BCE)