Sophia Lvovna Perovskaya was a Russian revolutionary and a member of the revolutionary organization Narodnaya Volya. She helped orchestrate the assassination of Alexander II of Russia, for which she was executed by hanging.

Narodnaya Volya was a late 19th-century revolutionary socialist political organization operating in the Russian Empire, which conducted assassinations of government officials in an attempt to overthrow the autocratic Tsarist system. The organization declared itself to be a populist movement that succeeded the Narodniks. Composed primarily of young revolutionary socialist intellectuals believing in the efficacy of direct action, Narodnaya Volya emerged in Autumn 1879 from the split of an earlier revolutionary organization called Zemlya i Volya. Predecessor groups had already started using the term "terror" positively and Narodnaya Volya in similar fashion self-identified as terrorists and venerated dead terrorists as "martyrs" and "heroes" as part of a propaganda driven campaign to attract attention to their moral justifications for using political violence.