Stephen Báthory was Voivode of Transylvania (1571–1576), Prince of Transylvania (1576–1586), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1576–1586).
A 19th-century copy of a portrait attributed to Martin Kober representing Stephen Báthory in decorative Sarmatian attire
Personal coat of arms
Stephen Báthory as King of Poland with a Mannerist crown from about 1584, most probably created for him in Gdańsk after Willem van den Blocke's design.
Seal of King and Grand Duke Stephen Báthory, circa 1576–1586
The Voivode of Transylvania was the highest-ranking official in Transylvania within the Kingdom of Hungary from the 12th century to the 16th century. Appointed by the monarchs, the voivodes – themselves also the heads or ispáns of Fehér County – were the superiors of the ispáns of all the other counties in the province.
Changes in the administration of Transylvania between 1300 and 1867
Restored Kőhalom Castle (Cetatea Cohalmului, Romania), held by the voivodes between 1324 and c. 1418
Ruins of Déva Castle (Cetatea Deva, Romania), a fortress of the voivodes from 1321 to c. 1443
Baron István Dobó of Ruszka, last voivode appointed by a king of Hungary (1553–1559)