The Struve Geodetic Arc is a chain of survey triangulations stretching from Hammerfest in Norway to the Black Sea, through ten countries and over 2,820 kilometres (1,750 mi), which yielded the first accurate measurement of a meridian arc.
The northernmost station of the Struve Geodetic Arc is located in Fuglenes, Norway.
Tartu Old Observatory, the first point of the arc.
Point Z, situated on Hogland, Russia.
The commemorative plaque of the arc in Felshtyn, Ukraine
Triangulation (surveying)
In surveying, triangulation is the process of determining the location of a point by measuring only angles to it from known points at either end of a fixed baseline by using trigonometry, rather than measuring distances to the point directly as in trilateration. The point can then be fixed as the third point of a triangle with one known side and two known angles.
Triangulation of Kodiak Island in Alaska in 1929.
Liu Hui (c. 263), How to measure the height of a sea island. Illustration from an edition of 1726