Taijitu
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In Chinese philosophy, a taijitu is a symbol or diagram representing taiji in both its monist (wuji) and its dualist forms in application as a deductive and inductive theoretical model. Such a diagram was first introduced by Neo-Confucian philosopher Zhou Dunyi of the Song Dynasty in his Taijitu shuo (太極圖說).
Diagram from Zhao Huiqian's Liushu benyi (1370s) as represented in the Siku Quanshu edition (1751)
"The Great Monad" from Edna Kenton's Book of Earths (1928), after the design shown by Hampden Coit DuBose (1887)
The "cycle of Cathay" as depicted by William Alexander Parsons Martin in 1897
Neo-Confucianism
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Neo-Confucianism is a moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy influenced by Confucianism, which originated with Han Yu (768–824) and Li Ao (772–841) in the Tang dynasty, and became prominent during the Song and Ming dynasties under the formulations of Zhu Xi (1130–1200). After the Mongol conquest of China in the thirteenth century, Chinese scholars and officials restored and preserved neo-Confucianism as a way to safeguard the cultural heritage of China.
Bronze statue of Zhou Dunyi in White Deer Grotto Academy
Portrait of Jo Gwang-jo
Portrait of Chu Văn An (1292–1370), prominently Vietnamese Confucianist teacher in 14th century.