Theodore I Laskaris
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Theodore I Komnenos Laskaris or Lascaris was the first emperor of Nicaea—a successor state of the Byzantine Empire—from 1205 to his death. Although he was born to an obscure aristocratic family, his m
Crusaders besieging Constantinople in 1204.
Ruins of the walls of Nicaea.
Theodore Mangaphas
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Theodore Mangaphas or Mankaphas was a Greek nobleman from Philadelphia, who assumed the title of Byzantine emperor twice, first during the reign of Isaac II Angelos, and secondly after the sacking of
Billon aspron trachy coin attributed to Mangaphas