The Thompson submachine gun is a blowback-operated, selective-fire submachine gun, invented and developed by United States Army Brigadier General John T. Thompson in 1918. It was designed to break the stalemate of trench warfare of World War I, although early models did not arrive in time for actual combat.
Colt Model 1921A Thompson with a 100-round drum magazine.
Brigadier General John T. Thompson holding a Model 1919 Thompson
US Marine holding an M1928 Thompson during the Banana Wars
A British soldier equipped with a Thompson M1928 submachine gun in November 1940.
Blowback is a system of operation for self-loading firearms that obtains energy from the motion of the cartridge case as it is pushed to the rear by expanding gas created by the ignition of the propellant charge.
The .380 ACP Colt Model 1903 Pocket Hammerless uses simple blowback. The mass of the slide is enough to delay opening of the chamber until pressure has dropped.
Cutaway model of the chamber with gas relief flutes (left) and roller-delayed action of the G3 battle rifle
Exploded view of primary components for bearing delay bolt carrier group
Operation of the Schwarzlose machine gun.