Time of Troubles
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The Time of Troubles, also known as Smuta, was a period of political crisis in Russia which began in 1598 with the death of Feodor I, the last of the House of Rurik, and ended in 1613 with the accession of Michael I of the House of Romanov.
Konstantin Makovsky's Appeal of Minin (1896) depicts Kuzma Minin against the background of the church of St. John the Baptist appealing to the people of Nizhny Novgorod to raise a militia against the Polish invaders and Sigismund III Vasa.
Ilya Repin's Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan (1885), depicting the accidental killing of Tsarevich Ivan Ivanovich by his father Ivan the Terrible; it made Feodor I heir to the Russian throne.
Palace in Uglich, where Tsarevich Dmitry lived and died
Sergey Ivanov's In the Time of Troubles (1886)
Tsardom of Russia
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The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Muscovy, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.
Moscovia, Herberstein, 1549
Russia, Mercator, 1595
Russia seu Moscovia, Mercator, Atlas Cosmographicae, 1596
Russia vulgo Moscovia, Atlas Maior, 1645