Titration is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of an identified analyte. A reagent, termed the titrant or titrator, is prepared as a standard solution of known concentration and volume. The titrant reacts with a solution of analyte to determine the analyte's concentration. The volume of titrant that reacted with the analyte is termed the titration volume.
A burette and Erlenmeyer flask (conical flask) being used for an acid–base titration.
Analysis of soil samples by titration.
Methyl orange
Phenolphthalein, a commonly used indicator in acid and base titration.
A pipette is a type of laboratory tool commonly used in chemistry and biology to transport a measured volume of liquid, often as a media dispenser. Pipettes come in several designs for various purposes with differing levels of accuracy and precision, from single piece glass pipettes to more complex adjustable or electronic pipettes. Many pipette types work by creating a partial vacuum above the liquid-holding chamber and selectively releasing this vacuum to draw up and dispense liquid. Measurement accuracy varies greatly depending on the instrument.
Clockwise from top left: various sizes of micropipettes; a graduated serological pipette attached to an electronic manual pipetter; two Pasteur pipettes.
Single-Channel Pipettes designed to handle 1–5 ml and 100–1000 µl with locking system
A 5,000 μl (5 ml) pipette, with the volume to be transferred indicated. 500 means that the amount transferred is 5,000 μl.
A 1,000 μl (1 ml) pipette, with the volume to be transferred indicated.