A torsion spring is a spring that works by twisting its end along its axis; that is, a flexible elastic object that stores mechanical energy when it is twisted. When it is twisted, it exerts a torque in the opposite direction, proportional to the amount (angle) it is twisted. There are various types:A torsion bar is a straight bar of metal or rubber that is subjected to twisting about its axis by torque applied at its ends.
A more delicate form used in sensitive instruments, called a torsion fiber consists of a fiber of silk, glass, or quartz under tension, that is twisted about its axis.
A helical torsion spring, is a metal rod or wire in the shape of a helix (coil) that is subjected to twisting about the axis of the coil by sideways forces applied to its ends, twisting the coil tighter.
Clocks use a spiral wound torsion spring sometimes called a "clock spring" or colloquially called a mainspring. Those types of torsion springs are also used for attic stairs, clutches, typewriters and other devices that need near constant torque for large angles or even multiple revolutions.
A mousetrap powered by a helical torsion spring
Torsion balance used by Paul R. Heyl in his measurements of the gravitational constant G at the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (now NIST) between 1930 and 1942.
A spring is a device consisting of an elastic but largely rigid material bent or molded into a form that can return into shape after being compressed or extended. Springs can store energy when compressed. In everyday use, the term most often refers to coil springs, but there are many different spring designs. Modern springs are typically manufactured from spring steel. An example of a non-metallic spring is the bow, made traditionally of flexible yew wood, which when drawn stores energy to propel an arrow.
Helical coil springs designed for tension
A heavy-duty coil spring designed for compression and tension
A machined spring incorporates several features into one piece of bar stock
Military booby trap firing device from USSR (normally connected to a tripwire) showing spring-loaded firing pin