1.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
2.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
California
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A forest of redwood trees in Redwood National Park
California
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Flag
California
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Mount Shasta
California
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Aerial view of the California Central Valley
3.
Hollywood Hills
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The Hollywood Hills are a part of the Santa Monica Mountains and also a hillside neighborhood of the same name in the central region of the city of Los Angeles, California. The Hollywood Hills are the part of the Santa Monica Mountains and it includes Forest Lawn Memorial Park, the Hollywood Reservoir, the Hollywood Sign, the Hollywood Bowl and the John Anson Ford Theater. Hollywood Hills is bisected southeast-northwest by US101, relation of the Hollywood Hills to nearby areas, The neighborhood of Hollywood Hills includes the Hollywood Bowl and Forest Lawn Memorial Park as well as two private and three public schools. The population was estimated at 22,988 in 2008, the median age for residents was 37, considered old for the city and the county. The percentages of residents aged 19 through 64 were among the countys highest, the neighborhood is not particularly diverse for the city, the diversity index being 0.433, and the percentage of white people is considered high, at 74. 1%. Latinos make up 9. 4%, Asians are at 6. 7%, African American at 4. 6%, the median household income in 2008 dollars was $69,277, considered high for the city but about average for the county. The percentage of households earning $125,000 or more was high, the average household size of 1.8 people was relatively low. Renters occupied 56. 5% of the units, and homeowners the rest. In 2000, there were 270 families headed by single parents, or 6. 9%, in 2000,54. 8% of residents aged 25 and older held a four-year degree, considered high when compared with the city and the county as a whole. Davies, Los Angeles City Council member, 1943–51, active against gravel extraction in the hills Los Angeles Times Los Angeles Times Hollywood Hills crime map and statistics
Hollywood Hills
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The Hollywood Hills and the Hollywood Sign
Hollywood Hills
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Lake Hollywood at the center of the Hollywood Hills
Hollywood Hills
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Los Angeles from Hollywood Hills
Hollywood Hills
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Districts and neighborhoods
4.
University of California, Los Angeles
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The University of California, Los Angeles is a public research university in the Westwood district of Los Angeles, California, United States. It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919 and it offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines. UCLA enrolls about 31,000 undergraduate and 13,000 graduate students, and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016, including transfer applicants, the university is organized into six undergraduate colleges, seven professional schools, and four professional health science schools. Fourteen Nobel laureates, three Fields Medalists, two Chief Scientists of the U. S. Air Force and three Turing Award winners have been faculty, researchers, or alumni, the university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974. The Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2015–2016 ranked UCLA 16th in the world for academics, in 2015-2016, UCLA ranked 12th in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities and 31st in the 2016/17 QS World University Rankings. UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference, the Bruins won 126 national championships, including 113 NCAA team championships, more than any other university. UCLA student-athletes, coaches and staff won 251 Olympic medals,126 gold,65 silver and 60 bronze, UCLA student-athletes competed in every Olympics since 1920 with one exception, and won a gold medal in every Olympics that the United States participated in since 1932. The State Normal School at Los Angeles opened on August 29,1882, the facility included an elementary school where teachers-in-training could practice their technique with children. That elementary school is related to the present day version, UCLA Lab School, in 1887, the school became known as the Los Angeles State Normal School. In 1914, the moved to a new campus on Vermont Avenue in East Hollywood. However, David Prescott Barrows, the new President of the University of California, the same legislation added its general undergraduate program, the College of Letters and Science. After the athletic teams entered the Pacific Coast conference in 1926, the Southern Branch student council adopted the nickname Bruins, in 1927, the Regents renamed the Southern Branch the University of California at Los Angeles. In the same year, the state broke ground in Westwood on land sold for $1 million, less than one-third its value, by real estate developers Edwin and Harold Janss, the campus in Westwood opened to students in 1929. The original four buildings were the College Library, Royce Hall, the Physics-Biology Building, the first undergraduate classes on the new campus were held in 1929 with 5,500 students. A timeline of the history can be found on its website, during its first 32 years, UCLA was treated as an off-site department of UC. As such, its presiding officer was called a provost, in 1951, UCLA was formally elevated to co-equal status with UC Berkeley, and its presiding officer Raymond B. Allen was the first chief executive to be granted the title of chancellor. The appointment of Franklin David Murphy to the position of Chancellor in 1960 helped spark an era of growth of facilities. By the end of the decade, UCLA had achieved distinction in a range of subjects
University of California, Los Angeles
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The Los Angeles branch of California State Normal School, 1881.
University of California, Los Angeles
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UCLA official seal
University of California, Los Angeles
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University of California, Southern Branch's Vermont Campus, 1922.
University of California, Los Angeles
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The Bruin statue, designed by Billy Fitzgerald, in Bruin Plaza.
5.
Brooks Institute
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The Brooks Institute was an arts college centered on the visual and media arts based in Ventura, California. It was formerly known as the Brooks Institute of Photography, originally based in Montecito, Brooks Institute was a for-profit higher education institution, that offered four majors and two graduate programs. The college was owned by Gphomestay, the college has consolidated and moved operations from Santa Barbara to the Ventura Campus. The college announced it was closing on August 12,2016, the last term was the summer 2016 semester. Brooks Institute of Photography was founded in 1945 by Ernest H. Brooks, Sr. over a bakery on State Street in Santa Barbara, the schools first photography students were primarily World War II veterans supported by the G. I. In 1952, the Brooks family purchased the former David Gray estate Graholm after the owner at that time, Herschel McGraw, Ernest purchased the property for $61,000. The property was located on Alston Road in Montecito, a community adjacent to Santa Barbara and this served as the home of Brooks Institute of Photography, as well as for Ernest H. Brooks, Sr. s growing family. Ernest H. Brooks, Sr. stayed on as president of the school until 1971 and his personal passion for underwater photography inspired the underwater still photography and video courses that started in the late 1960s, and continue to the present day. At the time of his retirement as president, his son, Ernest H. Brooks, Jr. stepped into his fathers shoes and he continued to expand the Brooks Institute of Photography facilities. In 1976 Brooks purchased the former Jefferson School in the Riviera neighborhood of Santa Barbara, that had been slated for demolition, professor Vernon Miller, then head of the Industrial/Scientific program, led a team of photographers as they photographed the cloth for documentation and study. In 1999 the Brooks Institute of Photography was sold by Ernest H. Brooks, Jr. to Career Education Corporation, in 2007, the school changed its name to the Brooks Institute, from the Brooks Institute of Photography. In 2011, Brooks Institute moved its programs and offices located on the Brooks Jefferson Campus in Santa Barbara to the new Ventura Campus. In 2014 it moved the programs, library, and offices at the Mason Street Campus to the Cota Street Campus in Downtown Santa Barbara, in 2013 Brooks announced its consolidation of all its educational programs to the Ventura Campus, and departure from Santa Barbara planned for 2015. In July Gphomestay announced Edward Clift as president, and Victoria Liptak as provost of Brooks, in August 2016, Edward Clift was dismissed as president and a majority of the board of directors resigned. On August 12,2016 Brooks Institute announced it was closing, Film and Video Production, was a study of filmmaking and production techniques, including proposals and budgeting, scripting, directing, and editing. Visual Journalism, concentrated on teaching photojournalism, master of Fine Arts in Photography, was a 61 credit, two-year program. The MFA program allows students to benefit from technical, aesthetic. Master of Science in Scientific and Technology Imaging, the MFA program allowed students to benefit from higher scientific technical knowledge
Brooks Institute
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Brooks Institute
Brooks Institute
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Main entrance to the Brooks Ventura Campus.
Brooks Institute
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Students filming a project on the on-campus movie set "The Mexican Village".
6.
Film director
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A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a films artistic and dramatic aspects, the director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film, the film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized, or noticed. Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions, there are many pathways to becoming a film director. Some film directors started as screenwriters, cinematographers, film editors or actors, other film directors have attended a film school. Some outline a general plotline and let the actors dialogue, while others control every aspect. Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners, some directors edit or appear in their films, or compose the music score for their films. Film directors create a vision through which a film eventually becomes realized/noticed. Realizing this vision includes overseeing the artistic and technical elements of production, as well as directing the shooting timetable. This entails organizing the crew in such a way as to achieve their vision of the film. This requires skills of leadership, as well as the ability to maintain a singular focus even in the stressful. Moreover, it is necessary to have an eye to frame shots and to give precise feedback to cast and crew, thus. Thus the director ensures that all involved in the film production are working towards an identical vision for the completed film. The set of varying challenges he or she has to tackle has been described as a jigsaw puzzle with egos. It adds to the pressure that the success of a film can influence when, omnipresent are the boundaries of the films budget. Additionally, the director may also have to ensure an intended age rating, thus, the position of film director is widely considered to be a highly stressful and demanding one. It has been said that 20-hour days are not unusual, under European Union law, the film director is considered the author or one of the authors of a film, largely as a result of the influence of auteur theory. Auteur theory is a film criticism concept that holds that a directors film reflects the directors personal creative vision
Film director
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American director Steven Spielberg with Sri Lankan film maker Chandran Rutnam in Sri Lanka
Film director
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The film director gives last minute direction to the cast and crew, while filming a costume drama on location in London.
Film director
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Director Pedro Almodóvar and actress Penélope Cruz
Film director
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Fritz Lang directing a movie
7.
Screenwriter
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One famous screenwriter is Jack Rosenthal, who has written for various TV shows over the years, including Londons Burning and Coronation Street. No education is required to become a screenwriter, just good storytelling abilities. Screenwriters are not hired employees, they are contracted freelancers, most, if not all, screenwriters start their careers writing on speculation, meaning they write without being hired or paid for it. If such a script is sold, it is called a spec script, what separates a professional screenwriter from an amateur screenwriter is that professional screenwriters are usually represented by a talent agency. Also, professional screenwriters do not often work for free, whereas amateur screenwriters will often work for free and are considered writers in training, spec scripts are usually penned by unknown professional screenwriters and amateur screenwriters. There are a legion of would-be screenwriters who attempt to enter the industry but it often takes years of trial-and-error, failure. In Writing Screenplays that Sell, Michael Hague writes Screenplays have become, for the last half of century, closet writers who used to dream of the glory of getting into print now dream of seeing their story on the big or small screen. Every screenplay and teleplay begins with a thought or idea, and screenwriters use those ideas to write scripts, with the intention of selling them and having them produced. In some cases, the script is based on a property, such as a book or persons life story. The majority of the time, a film project gets initiated by a screenwriter and because they initiated the project and these are referred to as exclusive assignments or pitched assignments. Screenwriters who often pitch new projects, whether original or an adaptation, when word is put out about a project a film studio, production company, or producer wants done, these are referred to as open assignments. In situations where screenwriters are competing for an assignment, more established writers will usually win these assignments. A screenwriter can also be approached and personally offered a writing assignment, many screenwriters also work as full or part-time script doctors, attempting to better a script to suit the desires of a director or studio. For instance, studio management may have a complaint that the motivations of the characters are unclear or that the dialogue is weak, script-doctoring can be quite lucrative, especially for the better known writers. David Mamet and John Sayles, for instance, fund the movies they direct themselves, usually from their own screenplays, by writing and doctoring scripts for others. In fact, some writers make very profitable careers out of being the ninth or tenth writer to work on a piece, in many cases, working on projects that never see exposure to an audience of any size. Many up and coming screenwriters also ghost write projects and allow more established screenwriters to take credit for the project to increase the chances of it getting picked up. After a screenwriter finishes a project, he or she pairs with a representative, such as a producer, director, literary agent, entertainment lawyer
Screenwriter
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A page of a screenplay
8.
Cinematographer
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The study and practice of this field is referred to as cinematography. The cinematographer selects the camera, film stock, lens, filters, in the infancy of motion pictures, the cinematographer was usually also the director and the person physically handling the camera. As the art form and technology evolved, a separation between director and camera operator began to emerge, with the advent of artificial lighting and faster film stocks, in addition to technological advancements in optics, the technical aspects of cinematography necessitated a specialist in that area. Cinematography was key during the silent movie era, with no sound apart from music and no dialogue, the films depended on lighting, acting. Similar trade associations have been established in other countries too, there are a number of national associations of cinematographers which represent members and which are dedicated to the advancement of cinematography. S. C. Defines cinematography as, A creative and interpretive process that culminates in the authorship of a work of art rather than the simple recording of a physical event. Cinematography is not a subcategory of photography
Cinematographer
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A camera crew sets up for scenes to be filmed on the flight deck for the motion picture Stealth with the crew of the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72).
9.
Directors Guild of America
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The Directors Guild of America is an entertainment guild which represents the interests of film and television directors in the United States motion picture industry and abroad. Founded as the Screen Directors Guild in 1936, the merged with the Radio. As a union that seeks to organize an individual profession, rather than multiple professions across an industry, the DGA is a craft union. It represents directors and members of the team that representation includes all sorts of media, such as film, television, documentaries, news, sports, commercials. The Guild has various training programs whereby successful applicants are placed in various productions, as of 2017, the guild had more than 16,000 members. The DGA headquarters are located on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood, with offices in New York and Chicago and coordinating committees in San Francisco, Chicago. Suspended members pay dues but are ineligible to vote in the union, DGA contracts also cover some non-members, known as agency fee payers. These non-members currently number 172, or comparatively about 1% of the size of the unions membership, Guild members are generally prevented from working for companies that have not signed an agreement with the DGA. This sometimes leads production companies which have no agreement to form new companies, purely for the purpose of making a particular film. The DGA negotiates minimum compensation levels that must be paid by the companies, many DGA members have agents who may negotiate rates above the minimums for their clients. The DGA agreements also secure residual payments for the reuse of members’ work in film, television, other than wages and basic working conditions, the DGA has a particular role in protecting the creative rights of film and TV directors. Such protections that the guild provides include defining the role, ensuring, with examples, the principle of one director to a picture. Generally each of these protections is to offset the power that producers can have over a director during the film-making process. The DGA hosts the annual DGA Awards, an important precursor to the Academy Awards, in its 69-year history, the DGA Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Feature Film has been a near perfect barometer for the Best Director Academy Award. Only seven times since the DGA Awards inception has the DGA Award winner not won the corresponding Academy Award, honorees are awarded with a statue, manufactured by New York firm, Society Awards. The rule is waived only for directorial teams recognized by the DGA who have a history of working together, examples include The Wachowskis, Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris, Hughes brothers, Brothers Strause, and the Coen brothers. The Coens for years divided credit, with Ethan taking producing credit, Joel taking directing credit, in the past, the DGA has also engaged in disputes with the Writers Guild of America over possessory credits, first used in the 1915 film The Birth of a Nation. The WGA tried to limit possessory credits to writers, but has always been opposed by the DGA
Directors Guild of America
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Directors Guild of America building on Sunset Boulevard.
10.
Love (2011 film)
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Love is a 2011 science fiction drama film produced and scored by the alternative rock band Angels & Airwaves. The film is the debut of filmmaker William Eubank. The film was screened in 460 theatres across the United States on August 10,2011, Love portrays the personal-psychological effects of isolation and loneliness when an astronaut becomes stranded in space and through this, emphasizes the importance of human connection and love. Additionally, it touches on the fragility of humanitys existence inspired by the cautions of Carl Sagan in Pale Blue Dot and considers the importance of memories and stories as humanitys legacy. During an 1864 battle of the American Civil War, a lone Union soldier and he leaves to venture on the mission. Miller struggles to maintain his sanity while in isolation by interacting with Polaroid pictures of former ISS crew members aboard the ship. When the station has some power glitches, Miller journeys into a module of the space station to perform repairs and discovers the 1864 journal of Briggs. He finds, however, that he is unable to go through with his suicide, Miller is seen still aboard the ISS, presumably much later, his hair has grown extremely long, and he is extensively tattooed. The cramped quarters of the station have become a rats nest symbolic of his diminished sanity. He then seems to be contacted from outside the ISS, and to receive instructions to dock and he does so, and seems to arrive in a giant uninhabited structure of distinctly human making. It is unclear whether this is reality or imagined by Miller, Miller wanders around until he happens upon a server mainframe where he finds a book titled A Love Story As Told by You. Inside this book, he finds pictures of Captain Lee Briggs with his discovery, in the index of the book, Miller finds a reference to himself and types it into the computer prompt. He then finds himself inside a hotel room, where a disembodied voice says, During the speech. The viewer is left to assume that this object has obtained Lee Miller and is speaking directly to him, the film ends with the voice of a computer speaking of human connections and love. Reviewers have also noted the design, with the space-station set reportedly being built in William Eubanks parents backyard. According to Tom DeLonge, the production was going to rent the space station from another movie, early teasers were released in 2007 and 2009. On January 10,2011, the final trailer was released on Apple Trailers. The release of this trailer saw coverage on several industry websites, based on the style choices seen in the films trailer, reviewers have mentioned similarities to 2001, A Space Odyssey, Moon, and Solaris
Love (2011 film)
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Theatrical release poster
Love (2011 film)
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The ISS set built in a driveway, seen here protected from the rain by plastic tarps.
Love (2011 film)
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The interior of the space station set.
Love (2011 film)
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Gunner Wright in the film Love.
11.
The Signal (2014 film)
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The Signal is a 2014 American science fiction thriller film directed by William Eubank and co-written with Carlyle Eubank and David Frigerio. The film stars Brenton Thwaites and Laurence Fishburne, the film premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival and was released theatrically in the United States on June 13,2014. The film is among a number of low-budget, independent science fiction films to be included at the Sundance Film Festival in recent years. Three MIT students – Jonah, Nic, and Haley – are on a trip to move Haley to California. Haley feels Nic is distancing himself from her and Nic explains he doesnt want his disability to hold her back and they track NOMAD to an abandoned house in the middle of Nevada and decide to go after him. After finding nothing in the house, Nic and Jonah hear Haley scream and run outside, Damon tells Nic what they encountered near the house was an EBE, an extraterrestrial biological entity. Nic remains in a state of disbelief, Dr. Damon then shows him footage from Nics own video camera and pauses where an alien face can be seen peering from behind a tree. Nic is taken to his room where he hears Jonah talking to him through a vent in the wall. Nic also notices that his legs, previously weak but functional, are now completely numb, when Dr. Damon questions him again, Nic tries to get answers about Haleys condition, but is unsuccessful. Nic asks Damon where Jonah went but Damon tells him that Jonah was never recovered from the house, increasingly agitated, Nic tries to break Haley out but is intercepted. After being restrained, hes shocked to discover that his legs have been amputated and replaced by prostheses made from alien technology, Nic then uses these super-powered limbs to break Haley and himself out of the facility, only to discover theyre in the middle of a vast barren desert. At a visitors center, they come across Jonah disguised as one of the facility workers dressed in a white HAZMAT suit, Jonah reveals that he too had limbs taken from him, as his forearms and hands have been replaced with the same alien technology as Nics legs. Jonah speculates that all in Area 51 and that this is all a test. Nic and Jonah hug as the fatally wounded Jonah prepares for his stand that will allow Nic. Jonah uses his strength and prosthetic alien arms to subdue the group of soldiers. Haley is evacuated by helicopter beyond the canyon and, knowing that Nic has mastered use of his legs, after hearing a loud horn coming from the sky, Nic realizes Damon is NOMAD. Damon then explains that it was Nic who came looking for him, that this was his fault, Nic finds himself inside what appears to be a different facility behind a projected image of the outside world beyond the canyon. Turning back toward the bridge, he sees Damon remove his helmet to reveal hes actually a robotic alien
The Signal (2014 film)
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Teaser poster
12.
2014 Sundance Film Festival
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The 2014 Sundance Film Festival took place from January 16,2014 until January 26,2014 in Park City, Utah, United States, with screenings in Salt Lake City, Ogden, and Sundance Resort in Utah. The festival opened with Whiplash directed by Damien Chazelle and closed with musical drama Rudderless directed by William H. Macy. The festival honored late Roger Ebert and premiered Life Itself by Steve James, the festival introduced a new film category titled Sundance Kids, which will help to introduce independent films to a younger generation of audiences. It is also a first category at the dedicated to childrens films. The festival had more than 700 sponsors and 1,830 volunteers, a record 12,218 films were submitted,72 more films than the 2013 festival. Of the 4, 057-plus feature films were submitted,2,014 were from the U. S. and 2,043 were international, of the 8,161 short films submitted,66 were selected. There were 54 directors, who made their debut at the festival,35 of whom have films in competition. Sixteen films were selected each for the U. S, Documentary competition sections, and twelve films each for the World Cinema Dramatic and World Cinema Documentary sections. This years festival marked the 30th anniversary of the festival since its foundation in 1981 by Robert Redford, in celebration of 30th anniversary of the festival, the screening of the most groundbreaking films of the past three decades took place at the festival. Music was major part of the festival, most of the movies in the festival had musical themes. The opening night film Whiplash used music to explore human nature, God Help the Girl, a coming of age drama with musical theme directed by Stuart Murdoch. Memphis starring musician Willis Earl Beal as an artist, australian musician Flea appears in Low Down, a biopic about American jazz pianist Joe Albany. Only Lovers Left Alive follows a musician and his lover while his world is collapsing down, Alive Inside, A Story of Music and Memory, a documentary about a man who wanted to help the Alzheimers patient with music. Frank, comedy about a musician, starring Michael Fassbender. 20,000 Days on Earth, a documentary narrating a day in the life of Nick Cave including cameos by Kylie Minogue and Ray Winstone. Also the closing film of the festival Rudderless, told the story of a father who formed a rock. The awards ceremony was held on January 26,2014 at the Basin Recreation Fieldhouse in Park City, Utah, Grand Jury Prize, Documentary - Rich Hill U. S. Grand Jury Prize, Dramatic - Whiplash World Cinema Grand Jury Prize, Documentary - The Return to Homs World Cinema Grand Jury Prize, Dramatic - To Kill a Man Audience Award, Documentary - Alive Inside, A Story of Music and Memory Audience Award, U. S
2014 Sundance Film Festival
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Festival poster
2014 Sundance Film Festival
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Whiplash won the U.S. Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic and Audience Award: U.S. Dramatic at the festival.
13.
Focus Features
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Focus Features is an American film production and distribution company, owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal. Focus Features distributes independent and foreign films in the United States, Focus Features was formed from the 2002 divisional merger of USA Films, Universal Focus and Good Machine. USA Films was created by Barry Diller in 1999 when he purchased October Films and Gramercy Pictures from Seagram, Focus most successful release in North America to date is Brokeback Mountain, which earned $83 million at the North American box office. However, this is not counting the total of Traffic. Focus most successful release is Burn After Reading, which earned $163.7 million in worldwide gross revenue. The animated film Coraline was also highly profitable for the company and its DVD and movie rights revenues are boosted by cult classics including Wet Hot American Summer. In May 2015, Gramercy Pictures was revived by Focus as a label, that was on action, sci-fi. In February 2016, Focus merged with Universal Pictures International Productions as part of a new strategy to align the acquisition and production of specialty films in the global market. In August 2011, Focus Features launched Focus World, a label focusing on the video on demand market with plans to distribute 15 films per year. List of Focus Features films Rogue FilmDistrict Sony Pictures Entertainment Stage 6 Films Official website Focus Features at the Internet Movie Database
Focus Features
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Logo card for Focus Features US
14.
Mikasa Sports
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Mikasa Corporation is a sports equipment company with its corporate headquarters in Nishi-ku, Hiroshima, Japan. Their football, basketball, volleyball, waterpolo and handball are often used for matches, games. Notably, Mikasa volleyballs are the balls for all Fédération Internationale de Volleyball worldwide competitions. Mikasa volleyballs are the ball for the 2012 London Olympics. Presently clubs, regions, high schools, colleges, and tournaments throughout the U. S. use Mikasa volleyballs. Mikasa makes many different types of balls, including goods for basketball, beach and indoor volleyball, football, rugby union, waterpolo, korfball, American football, the International Trade Union Confederation, published a report alleging systematic anti-union campaigns by Mikasa. A separate report, by the Thai Labor Campaign alleged that new Mikasa factory workers received only 173 baht per day in 2006. ASICS Molten Notes Bibliography Michigan High School Athletic Association Bulletin, Volume 70, Michigan High School Athletic Association,1993, University of Michigan, gay and lesbian tourism, the essential guide for marketing, Jeff Guaracino, p.146. Sports sponsor factbook, Team Marketing Report, Inc, japanese multinationals, facts & figures, Tōyō Keizai Shinpōsha,2007, p.268. American Commercial Inc. d/b/a Mikasa and Mikasa Licensing, Inc. v. Sports and Leisure International d/b/a Mikasa Sports, Mikasa Japan Mikasa USA Mikasa Europe
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Mikasa headquarters in Nishi-ku.
Mikasa Sports
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A Mikasa basketball.
Mikasa Sports
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A beach volleyball resting on a sand court.
Mikasa Sports
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A blue, yellow, and white indoor volleyball by the company.
15.
UCLA
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The University of California, Los Angeles is a public research university in the Westwood district of Los Angeles, California, United States. It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919 and it offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines. UCLA enrolls about 31,000 undergraduate and 13,000 graduate students, and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016, including transfer applicants, the university is organized into six undergraduate colleges, seven professional schools, and four professional health science schools. Fourteen Nobel laureates, three Fields Medalists, two Chief Scientists of the U. S. Air Force and three Turing Award winners have been faculty, researchers, or alumni, the university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974. The Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2015–2016 ranked UCLA 16th in the world for academics, in 2015-2016, UCLA ranked 12th in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities and 31st in the 2016/17 QS World University Rankings. UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference, the Bruins won 126 national championships, including 113 NCAA team championships, more than any other university. UCLA student-athletes, coaches and staff won 251 Olympic medals,126 gold,65 silver and 60 bronze, UCLA student-athletes competed in every Olympics since 1920 with one exception, and won a gold medal in every Olympics that the United States participated in since 1932. The State Normal School at Los Angeles opened on August 29,1882, the facility included an elementary school where teachers-in-training could practice their technique with children. That elementary school is related to the present day version, UCLA Lab School, in 1887, the school became known as the Los Angeles State Normal School. In 1914, the moved to a new campus on Vermont Avenue in East Hollywood. However, David Prescott Barrows, the new President of the University of California, the same legislation added its general undergraduate program, the College of Letters and Science. After the athletic teams entered the Pacific Coast conference in 1926, the Southern Branch student council adopted the nickname Bruins, in 1927, the Regents renamed the Southern Branch the University of California at Los Angeles. In the same year, the state broke ground in Westwood on land sold for $1 million, less than one-third its value, by real estate developers Edwin and Harold Janss, the campus in Westwood opened to students in 1929. The original four buildings were the College Library, Royce Hall, the Physics-Biology Building, the first undergraduate classes on the new campus were held in 1929 with 5,500 students. A timeline of the history can be found on its website, during its first 32 years, UCLA was treated as an off-site department of UC. As such, its presiding officer was called a provost, in 1951, UCLA was formally elevated to co-equal status with UC Berkeley, and its presiding officer Raymond B. Allen was the first chief executive to be granted the title of chancellor. The appointment of Franklin David Murphy to the position of Chancellor in 1960 helped spark an era of growth of facilities. By the end of the decade, UCLA had achieved distinction in a range of subjects
UCLA
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The Los Angeles branch of California State Normal School, 1881.
UCLA
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UCLA official seal
UCLA
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University of California, Southern Branch's Vermont Campus, 1922.
UCLA
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The Bruin statue, designed by Billy Fitzgerald, in Bruin Plaza.
16.
Cosmology
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Cosmology is the study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe. The term cosmology was first used in English in 1656 in Thomas Blounts Glossographia, religious or mythological cosmology is a body of beliefs based on mythological, religious, and esoteric literature and traditions of creation and eschatology. Physical cosmology is studied by scientists, such as astronomers and physicists, as well as philosophers, such as metaphysicians, philosophers of physics, and philosophers of space and time. Because of this scope with philosophy, theories in physical cosmology may include both scientific and non-scientific propositions, and may depend upon assumptions that can not be tested. Cosmology differs from astronomy in that the former is concerned with the Universe as a whole while the latter deals with individual celestial objects. Theoretical astrophysicist David N. Spergel has described cosmology as a science because when we look out in space. Physics and astrophysics have played a role in shaping the understanding of the universe through scientific observation. Physical cosmology was shaped through both mathematics and observation in an analysis of the whole universe, cosmogony studies the origin of the Universe, and cosmography maps the features of the Universe. In Diderots Encyclopédie, cosmology is broken down into uranology, aerology, geology, metaphysical cosmology has also been described as the placing of man in the universe in relationship to all other entities. Physical cosmology is the branch of physics and astrophysics that deals with the study of the physical origins and it also includes the study of the nature of the Universe on a large scale. In its earliest form, it was what is now known as celestial mechanics, greek philosophers Aristarchus of Samos, Aristotle, and Ptolemy proposed different cosmological theories. The geocentric Ptolemaic system was the theory until the 16th century when Nicolaus Copernicus. This is one of the most famous examples of epistemological rupture in physical cosmology, when Isaac Newton published the Principia Mathematica in 1687, he finally figured out how the heavens moved. A fundamental difference between Newtons cosmology and those preceding it was the Copernican principle—that the bodies on earth obey the same laws as all the celestial bodies. This was a crucial advance in physical cosmology. Physicists began changing the assumption that the Universe was static and unchanging, in 1922 Alexander Friedmann introduced the idea of an expanding universe that contained moving matter. In parallel to this approach to cosmology, one long-standing debate about the structure of the cosmos was coming to a climax. This difference of ideas came to a climax with the organization of the Great Debate on 26 April 1920 at the meeting of the U. S. National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D. C
Cosmology
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The Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (XDF) was completed in September 2012 and shows the farthest galaxies ever photographed. Except for the few stars in the foreground (which are bright and easily recognizable because only they have diffraction spikes), every speck of light in the photo is an individual galaxy, some of them as old as 13.2 billion years; the observable universe is estimated to contain more than 200 billion galaxies.
Cosmology
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Evidence of gravitational waves in the infant universe may have been uncovered by the microscopic examination of the focal plane of the BICEP2 radio telescope.
Cosmology
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Art
17.
Panavision
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Panavision is an American motion picture equipment company specializing in cameras and lenses, based in Woodland Hills, California. The company introduced its first products in 1954, originally a provider of CinemaScope accessories, the companys line of anamorphic widescreen lenses soon became the industry leader. In 1972, Panavision helped revolutionize filmmaking with the lightweight Panaflex 35 mm movie camera, the company has introduced other groundbreaking cameras such as the Millennium XL and the digital video Genesis. Panavision operates exclusively as a rental facility—the company owns its entire inventory, robert Gottschalk founded Panavision in late 1953, in partnership with Richard Moore, Meredith Nicholson, Harry Eller, Walter Wallin, and William Mann, the company was formally incorporated in 1954. Panavision was established principally for the manufacture of anamorphic lenses to meet the growing demands of theaters showing CinemaScope films. At the time of Panavisions formation, Gottschalk owned a shop in Westwood Village, California. The technology was created during World War I to increase the field of view on tank periscopes, after it was unsqueezed by a complementary anamorphic optical element, the tank operator could see double the horizontal field of view without significant distortion. Gottschalk and Moore bought some of these lenses from C. P. Goerz, as widescreen filmmaking became popular, Gottschalk saw an opportunity to provide anamorphic lenses to the film industry—first for projectors, and then for cameras. Nicholson, a friend of Moore, started working as a cameraman on early tests of anamorphic photography, in the 1950s, the motion picture industry was threatened by the advent of television—TV kept moviegoers at home, reducing box office revenues. Film studios sought to lure audiences to theaters with attractions that television could not provide and these included a revival of color films, three-dimensional films, stereophonic sound, and widescreen movies. Cinerama was one of the first widescreen movie processes of the era, in its initial conception, the cumbersome system required three cameras for shooting and three synchronized projectors to display a picture on one wide, curved screen. Along with the logistical and financial challenges of tripling equipment usage and cost, by the time the first CinemaScope movie—The Robe —was announced for production, Gottschalk, Moore and Nicholson had a demo reel of work with their anamorphic underwater system. He teamed up with William Mann, who provided optical manufacturing capability, and Walter Wallin, the anamorphic lens design they selected was prismatic rather than the cylindrical design of the Bausch & Lomb CinemaScope lens. The result was the system, designed by Wallin, used in the Panatar lens, the patent for the system was filed on August 11,1954. Panavisions first product—the Super Panatar projection lens—debuted in March 1954, priced at $1,100, it captured the market. The Super Panatar was a box that attached to the existing projection lens with a special bracket. Its variable prismatic system allowed a range of formats to be shown from the same projector with a simple adjustment of the lens. Panavision improved on the Super Panatar with the Ultra Panatar, a design that could be screwed directly to the front of the projection lens
Panavision
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Screenshot of The Big Fisherman (1959), the first film released using the Super Panavision 70 process. The image shows the 2.20:1 aspect ratio in which the film was presented.
Panavision
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Panavision Inc.
Panavision
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Panavision movie camera R-200°
18.
Woodland Hills, Los Angeles
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Woodland Hills is a neighborhood bordering the Santa Monica Mountains in the San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles, California. Woodland Hills is an affluent neighborhood in the region of the San Fernando Valley which is located east of Calabasas. On the north it is bordered by West Hills, Canoga Park, and Winnetka, some neighborhoods are in the foothills of the Santa Monica Mountains. Running east–west through the community are U. S. Route 101 and Ventura Boulevard, the first Europeans to enter the San Fernando Valley were the Portola Expedition in 1769, exploring Alta California for Spanish missions and settlements locations. Seeing it from present-day Sepulveda Pass, the oak savanna inspired them to call the area El Valle de Santa Catalina de Bononia de Los Encinos, the Mission San Fernando Rey de España was established in 1797 and controlled the Valleys land, including future Woodland Hills. Ownership of the half of the valley, south of present-day Roscoe Boulevard from Toluca Lake to Woodland Hills. Moses Sherman and others in 1910, victor Girard Kleinberger bought 2,886 acres in the area from Chandlers group and founded the town of Girard in 1922. He sought to attract residents and businesses by developing an infrastructure, advertising in newspapers and his 300 pepper trees formed a canopy over Canoga Ave. between Ventura Boulevard and Saltillo St. became Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument #93 in 1972. The community of Girard was eventually incorporated into Los Angeles, Woodland Hills has a firmly subtropical mediterranean climate. Within the San Fernando Valley, Woodland Hills generally experiences some of the extreme temperature changes season to season than other regions. During the summer, temperatures are very hot, while during the winter. On July 22,2006, Woodland Hills recorded the highest temperature ever in Los Angeles County, the climate is classified as a Csa in the Köppen climate classification, which is characterized by mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers. This climate is referred to as mediterranean. Precipitation in Woodland Hills averages much the same as most other regions of the west San Fernando Valley, in 2008 the population of Woodland Hills was approximately 63,000. The median age in 2000 was 40, considered old when compared to city and county jurisdictions. As of the 2000 census, and according to the Los Angeles Almanac, there were 67,006 people and 29,119 households residing in Woodland Hills. The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 79. 90% White,6. 97% Asian,0. 13% Pacific Islander,3. 34% African American,0. 33% Native American,4. 80% from other races, and 4. 52% from two or more races. 11. 94% of the population were Hispanic of any race, in population, it is one of the least dense neighborhoods in Los Angeles, and the percentage of white people is high for the county
Woodland Hills, Los Angeles
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Woodland Hills, California in the foreground, including Warner Center, from the Top of Topanga Overlook
Woodland Hills, Los Angeles
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William Howard Taft High School
Woodland Hills, Los Angeles
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Orr Barouch
Woodland Hills, Los Angeles
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Ryan Lavarnway
19.
Sundance Film Festival
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The Sundance Film Festival, a program of the Sundance Institute, is an American film festival that takes place annually in Park City, Utah. With 46,660 attendees in 2016, it is the largest independent film festival in the United States. Held in January in Park City, Salt Lake City, and Ogden, as well as at the Sundance Resort, the 2017 Sundance Film Festival took place from January 19 to January 29,2017. Sundance began in Salt Lake City in August 1978, as the Utah/US Film Festival in an effort to more filmmakers to Utah. It was founded by Sterling Van Wagenen, John Earle, the 1978 festival featured films such as Deliverance, A Streetcar Named Desire, Midnight Cowboy, Mean Streets, and The Sweet Smell of Success. The festival also highlighted the work of filmmakers who worked outside the Hollywood system. The jury of the 1978 festival was headed by Gary Allison, and included Verna Fields, Linwood G. Dunn, Katharine Ross, Charles E. Sellier Jr. Mark Rydell, and Anthea Sylbert. More than 60 films were screened at the festival that year, also that year, the first Frank Capra Award went to Jimmy Stewart. The festival also made a profit for the first time, in 1980, Catania left the festival to pursue a production career in Hollywood. Several factors helped propel the growth of Utah/US Film Festival, first was the involvement of actor and Utah resident Robert Redford, who became the festivals inaugural chairman. By having Redfords name associated with the festival, it received great attention, secondly, the country was hungry for more venues that would celebrate American-made films as the only other festival doing so at the time was the USA Film Festival in Dallas. Response in Hollywood was unprecedented as major studios did all they could to contribute their resources, in 1981, the festival moved to Park City, Utah, and changed the dates from September to January. It was called the US Film and Video Festival, in 1984, the now well-established Sundance Institute, headed by Sterling Van Wagenen, took over management of the US Film Festival. The branding and marketing transition from the US Film Festival to the Sundance Film Festival was managed under the direction of Colleen Allen, Allen Advertising Inc. by appointment of Robert Redford. In 1991 the festival was renamed the Sundance Film Festival, after Redfords character The Sundance Kid from the film Butch Cassidy. The majority of the screenings, including the festivals premieres. The 2013 Sundance London Festival was held April 25–28,2013, Sundance London 2014 took place on April 25–27,2014 at the O2 arena. The Sundance London 2015 Festival was cancelled in an announcement on January 16,2015, Sundance London will return to London in 2016 from June 10–12 at Picturehouse Cinema in Londons West End
Sundance Film Festival
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Sundance Film Festival
20.
Cinematography
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Typically, a lens is used to repeatedly focus the light reflected from objects into real images on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a questioned exposure, creating multiple images. With an electronic sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel. The result with photographic emulsion is a series of invisible latent images on the film stock, the images on the film stock are played back at a rapid speed and projected onto a screen, creating the illusion of motion. Cinematography finds uses in fields of science and business as well as for entertainment purposes. The word cinematography was created from the Greek words κίνημα, meaning movement, motion and γράφειν meaning to record, the word used to refer to the art, process, or job of filming movies, but later its meaning was restricted to motion picture photography. In the 1830s, moving images were produced on revolving drums and disks, with independent invention by Simon von Stampfer in Austria, Joseph Plateau in Belgium, and William Horner in Britain. In 1845, Francis Ronalds invented the first successful camera able to make recordings of the varying indications of meteorological. The cameras were supplied to numerous observatories around the world and some remained in use well into the 20th century. William Lincoln patented a device, in 1867, that showed animated pictures called the wheel of life or zoopraxiscope, in it, moving drawings or photographs were watched through a slit. On 19 June 1873, Eadweard Muybridge successfully photographed a horse named Sallie Gardner in fast motion using a series of 24 stereoscopic cameras. The cameras were arranged along a parallel to the horses. They were 21 inches apart to cover the 20 feet taken by the horse stride, although it was never played back at speed to create motion, this was the first step towards motion pictures. The late nineteenth to the twentieth century brought rise to the use of film not only for entertainment purposes. The experimental film Roundhay Garden Scene, filmed by Louis Le Prince on 14 October 1888, in Roundhay, Leeds and this movie was shot on paper film. W. K. L. Dickson, working under the direction of Thomas Alva Edison, was the first to design a successful apparatus and this camera took a series of instantaneous photographs on standard Eastman Kodak photographic emulsion coated onto a transparent celluloid strip 35 mm wide. The results of work were first shown in public in 1893, using the viewing apparatus also designed by Dickson. Contained within a box, only one person at a time looking into it through a peephole could view the movie. The Lumière brothers were the first to present projected, moving, photographic, in 1896, movie theaters were open in France, Italy, Brussels, and London
Cinematography
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Arri Alexa, a digital movie camera.
Cinematography
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A deep focus shot from Citizen Kane (1941): everything, including the hat in the foreground and the boy (young Charles Foster Kane) in the distance, is in sharp focus.
Cinematography
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A camera crew from the First Motion Picture Unit
21.
Proof of concept
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A proof of concept is usually small and may or may not be complete. The appearance of the terms in news archives suggests it might have been in use as long ago as 1967. In 1969 Committee on Science and Astronautics, the column also provided definitions for the related but distinct terms breadboard, prototype, engineering prototype, and brassboard. Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow,300, and Sin City were all shot in front of a greenscreen with almost all backgrounds, all three used proof-of-concept short films. In the case of Sin City, the film became the prologue of the final film. Pixar sometimes creates short animated films use a difficult or untested technique. Their short film Geris Game used techniques for animation of cloth, in engineering and technology, a rough prototype of a new idea is often constructed as a proof of concept. For example, a concept of an electrical device may be constructed using a breadboard. A patent application often requires a demonstration of functionality prior to being filed, some universities have proof of concept centers to fill the funding gap for seed-stage investing and accelerate the commercialization of university innovations. Proof of concept centers provide seed funding to novel, early stage research that most often would not be funded by any other conventional source, in the field of business development and sales, a vendor may allow a prospect customer to trial a product. In these cases, the proof of concept may mean the use of specialized sales engineers to ensure that the vendor makes a best-possible effort. Winzapper was a proof of concept which possessed the bare minimum of capabilities needed to remove an item from the Windows Security Log. Once a vendor is satisfied, a prototype is developed which is used to seek funding or to demonstrate to prospective customers. A steel thread is technical proof of concept that all of the technologies in a solution. By contrast, a proof of technology aims to determine the solution to some problem or to demonstrate that a given configuration can achieve a certain throughput. No business users need be involved in a proof of technology, a pilot project refers to an initial roll-out of a system into production, targeting a limited scope of the intended final solution. The scope may be limited by the number of users who can access the system, the business processes affected, the purpose of a pilot project is to test, often in a production environment. Although not suggested by natural language, and in contrast to usage in other areas, Proof of Principle, a third term, Proof of Mechanism, is closely related and is also described here
Proof of concept
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Two offshore skimmers tow an oil containment boom across the water during an oil spill and recovery " Proof of Concept " demonstration. An oil containment boom is a floating barrier, which is used to respond quickly and collect and recover offshore oil spills. The proof of concept demonstration focused on the ability of U.S. Navy and host nation assets to quickly react and respond to hazardous materials in the waterways
22.
Ultimate Fighting Championship
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The Ultimate Fighting Championship is an American mixed martial arts promotion company, a subsidiary of the parent company William Morris Endeavor, based in Las Vegas, Nevada. It is the largest MMA promoter in the world and features most of the fighters in the sport. Based in the United States, the UFC produces events worldwide that showcase ten weight divisions, the UFC has held over 300 events to date. Dana White serves as the president of the UFC, the first Ultimate Fighting Championship event was held on November 12,1993 at the McNichols Sports Arena in Denver, Colorado. In 2016, it was sold to William Morris Endeavor for $4 billion, MMA journalists and fans have criticized the UFC for putting on too many shows and thus diluting the quality of their product. Art Davie proposed to John Milius and Rorion Gracie an eight-man single-elimination tournament called War of the Worlds, Milius, a noted film director and screenwriter, as well as a Gracie student, agreed to act as the events creative director. Davie drafted the plan and twenty-eight investors contributed the initial capital to start WOW Promotions with the intent to develop the tournament into a television franchise. In 1993, WOW Promotions sought a partner and approached pay-per-view producers TVKO, SET. SEG contacted video and film art director Jason Cusson to design the trademarked Octagon, Cusson remained the Production Designer through UFC27. SEG devised the name for the show as The Ultimate Fighting Championship, WOW Promotions and SEG produced the first event, later called UFC1, at McNichols Sports Arena in Denver, Colorado on November 12,1993. Art Davie functioned as the booker and matchmaker. The show proposed to find an answer for sports fans questions such as, as with most martial arts at the time, fighters typically had skills in just one discipline and had little experience against opponents with different skills. The show proved successful with 86,592 television subscribers on pay-per-view. Its disputed whether the intended for the event to become a precursor to a series of future events. That show was supposed to be a one-off, eventual UFC president Dana White said. It did so well on pay-per-view they decided to do another, never in a million years did these guys think they were creating a sport. Art Davie, in his 2014 book Is This Legal, an account of the creation of the first UFC event, disputes the perception that the UFC was seen by WOW Promotions and SEG as a one-off, since SEG offered a five-year joint development deal to WOW. He says, Clearly, both Campbell and Meyrowitz shared my unwavering belief that War of the Worlds would be a series of fighting tournaments—a franchise
Ultimate Fighting Championship
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Royce Gracie used Brazilian jiu jitsu in the early years of UFC to defeat opponents of greater size and strength.
Ultimate Fighting Championship
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"Big" John McCarthy referees as Tank Abbott puts Cal Worsham against the cage at Ultimate Ultimate 1996.
Ultimate Fighting Championship
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Before reform, Senator John McCain prominently opposed the UFC.
Ultimate Fighting Championship
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Hall of Fame Ken Shamrock was instrumental in the UFC's turnaround into a mainstream sport.
23.
Tom DeLonge
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Thomas Matthew Tom DeLonge, Jr. is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, entrepreneur, and film producer. He is currently the guitarist and lead vocalist of the rock band Angels & Airwaves and was the guitarist, co-lead vocalist, DeLonge grew up in the suburbs of Poway, California, where he embraced skateboarding at an early age. DeLonge received his first guitar shortly thereafter and began writing original punk rock songs and he formed Blink-182 with bassist Mark Hoppus and drummer Scott Raynor during his high school years. The band created a following in the mid-1990s through independent releases and relentless touring, particularly in their home country and they signed to MCA Records in 1996 and their second album, Dude Ranch, featured the hit single Dammit. The group encountered bigger success with Enema of the State, which featured three hit singles and went quadruple-platinum in the US, eventually selling upwards of 15 million copies worldwide, Blink-182 scored a number one album with 2001s Take Off Your Pants and Jacket. DeLonge experimented with music on Box Car Racer, which formed into a full-fledged band in 2002. Blinks eponymous fifth studio album reflected a change in tone within the group, in the aftermath of Blink-182s breakup, he formed Angels & Airwaves, which has since released five studio albums and has evolved into an art project, encompassing various forms of media. DeLonge reunited with Blink-182 in 2009, releasing new music and touring frequently, in addition to his musical career, DeLonge also manages business ventures that he founded, Macbeth Footwear, and technology and design firm Modlife. He helped score and produce the 2011 science fiction film Love and he has also expanded into writing, releasing a childrens book, The Lonely Astronaut on Christmas Eve, in 2013. DeLonge was born in Poway, California, on December 13,1975 and his father, Thomas DeLonge Sr. was an oil company executive, and his mother, Connie, a mortgage broker. His first musical instrument was a trumpet, which he received as a Christmas gift at age 11, despite his early interest in music, becoming a musician was not his first calling. DeLonge originally planned to become a firefighter, and participated in the San Diego Cadet Program and he first picked up the guitar from a friend at church camp, and became preoccupied by the instrument. DeLonge received his first guitar as a Christmas present from two friends in the sixth grade – a beat-up, shitty acoustic guitar that was worth about $30 and he gathered his brother, Shon, and sister, Kari, as an audience for his original songs. In the seventh grade, DeLonge visited a friend in Oregon who introduced him to the music of Stiff Little Fingers, Dinosaur Jr. and he dyed his hair purple, and consequently began practicing the guitar loudly in his room. DeLonge attempted to form a band named Big Oily Men, which was essentially a one-man band, DeLonge first began skateboarding in the third grade, which would consume much his activity outside of school. I lived, ate, and breathed skateboarding, All I did all day long was skateboard. It was all I cared about, he later remarked and he and friends would begin at one side of San Diego and attempt to skateboard to the other half, intermittently pulling pranks on people in the process. As such, he was a student, I knew exactly how hard I had to work in school
Tom DeLonge
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DeLonge performing with Blink-182 in 2013
Tom DeLonge
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Delonge grew up in the suburbs of Poway, California.
Tom DeLonge
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Tom Delonge skateboarding at Poway High School in the 1990s
Tom DeLonge
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Delonge with a surfboard in the mid-1990s. The band rose from the southern California skate/surf scene.
24.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
Alternative rock
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One of the first popular alternative rock bands, R.E.M. relied on college-radio airplay, constant touring, and a grassroots fanbase to break into the musical mainstream.
Alternative rock
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Kim Gordon and Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth
Alternative rock
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Robert Smith of The Cure rejects the genre labels like alternative, gothic rock, and college rock applied to his band. He has said, "Every time we went to America we had a different tag... I can't remember when we officially became 'alt-rock'".
Alternative rock
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Kurt Cobain (foreground) and Krist Novoselic with Nirvana live at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards.
25.
Angels & Airwaves
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Angels & Airwaves is an American supergroup, currently featuring Tom DeLonge and Ilan Rubin. Former members are Ryan Sinn, Adam Atom Willard, Matt Wachter, the status of David Kennedy and Eddie Breckenridge is currently unknown. The band formed after Blink-182 went on hiatus in 2005, the band has released five studio albums We Dont Need to Whisper, I-Empire, Love, Love, Part Two and The Dream Walker. The project also resulted in the documentary film Start the Machine, the band released an animated short named Poet Anderson, The Dream Walker and their fifth album, The Dream Walker, on December 9. Other related media, such as books and a live-action film. The group has described by DeLonge as more than a band. This has been seen in the films, live events. Of the first two albums, the band says that they were influenced by the music of Radiohead and Pink Floyd. Tom DeLonge began working on new material during Blink-182s final tour in 2004, for half a year he worked alone in his home studio before gathering musicians to form the band. In September 2005, he spoke publicly in Kerrang. Magazine, where he unveiled the name of his new band, the band included former Hazen Street guitarist and high-school friend David Kennedy, former Rocket from the Crypt drummer Atom Willard and former The Distillers bass guitarist Ryan Sinn. Atom Willard told Shave magazine that the experience of all the members of the made the band formation very easy. There’s nobody trying to figure out what is and what isn’t going to work, not just for themselves but for music and for a band, what life’s going to be like on the road, everybody had enough experience to just buckle down and do the work. It really has made it easier than anything else, soon after forming, the band began recording its first album in DeLonges studio in California from mid-2005 to early 2006. A few days later, on May 23, they released their first album, the album reached No.4 on the Billboard 200, and went gold in both the US and Canada. Yet, later that year, popularity picked up with the release of singles The War, Do It For Me Now and It Hurts. The remainder of the year into 2007 was taken up with tours, and in early 2007, the supergroup returned to the studio to work on a follow-up album. However, problems accumulated and on April 23,2007, Angels & Airwaves announced that Ryan Sinn would not play at the Free Earth Day concert at the M. I. T, campus due to difficulties within the band
Angels & Airwaves
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Angels & Airwaves at a signing in April 2012. From left to right: Matt Wachter, David Kennedy, Ilan Rubin, Tom DeLonge.
Angels & Airwaves
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Angels and Airwaves performing at Hyde Park in June 2006.
26.
Terrence Malick
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Terrence Frederick Malick is an American film director, screenwriter and producer. Malick began his career as part of the New Hollywood film-making wave with the films Badlands and Days of Heaven, Malicks films have been noted for exploring themes such as individual transcendence, nature, and conflicts between reason and instinct. The stylistic elements of the work have inspired divided opinions among film scholars. Terrence Malick was born in Ottawa, Illinois and he is the son of Irene and Emil A. Malick, a geologist. His paternal grandparents were Assyrian Christian immigrants from Urmia, Iran, Malick attended St. Stephens Episcopal School in Austin, Texas, while his family lived in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. Malick had two brothers, Chris and Larry. Larry Malick was a guitarist who went to study in Spain with Andrés Segovia in the late 1960s, in 1968, Larry intentionally broke his own hands due to pressure over his musical studies. Their father Emil went to Spain to help Larry, but his son died shortly after, the early death of Malicks younger brother has been explored and referenced in his films The Tree of Life and Knight of Cups. Malick received a A. B. in philosophy from Harvard College, graduating cum laude. He did graduate work at Magdalen College, Oxford, as a Rhodes Scholar, after a disagreement with his advisor, Gilbert Ryle, over his thesis on the concept of world in Kierkegaard, Heidegger, and Wittgenstein, Malick left Oxford without a degree. In 1969, Northwestern University Press published Malicks translation of Heideggers Vom Wesen des Grundes as The Essence of Reasons, after returning to the United States, Malick taught philosophy at Massachusetts Institute of Technology while freelancing as a journalist. He wrote articles for Newsweek, The New Yorker, and Life, Malick started his film career after earning an MFA from the AFI Conservatory in 1969, directing the short film Lanton Mills. At the AFI, he established contacts with people such as actor Jack Nicholson, longtime collaborator Jack Fisk, and agent Mike Medavoy and he wrote early uncredited drafts of Dirty Harry and Drive, He Said, and is credited with the screenplay for Pocket Money. Malick was also co-writer of The Gravy Train, under the pseudonym David Whitney, after one of his screenplays, Deadhead Miles, was made into what Paramount Pictures believed was an unreleasable film, Malick decided to direct his own scripts. Malicks first feature-length work as a director was Badlands, an independent film starring Martin Sheen and it was influenced by the crimes of convicted teenage spree killer Charles Starkweather. Malick raised half of the budget by approaching people outside of the industry, including doctors and dentists, the rest was raised by executive producer Edward R. Pressman. After a troubled production that many crew members leaving halfway through the shoot. As a result, Warner Bros. bought distribution rights for three times its budget, Malicks second film was the Paramount-produced Days of Heaven, about a love triangle that develops in the farm country of the Texas Panhandle in the early 20th century
Terrence Malick
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Malick in 2011
27.
International Space Station
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The International Space Station is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. Its first component launched into orbit in 1998, and the ISS is now the largest man-made body in space, the ISS consists of pressurised modules, external trusses, solar arrays, and other components. ISS components have been launched by Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets, the ISS serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which crew members conduct experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology, and other fields. The station is suited for the testing of systems and equipment required for missions to the Moon. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 and 435 km by means of reboost manoeuvres using the engines of the Zvezda module or visiting spacecraft and it completes 15.54 orbits per day. The ISS is the space station to be inhabited by crews, following the Soviet and later Russian Salyut, Almaz. The station has continuously occupied for 16 years and 156 days since the arrival of Expedition 1 on 2 November 2000. This is the longest continuous presence in low Earth orbit. It has been visited by astronauts, cosmonauts and space tourists from 17 different nations, Soyuz has very limited downmass capability. The ISS programme is a joint project among five participating space agencies, NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, the ownership and use of the space station is established by intergovernmental treaties and agreements. The station is divided two sections, the Russian Orbital Segment and the United States Orbital Segment, which is shared by many nations. As of January 2014, the American portion of ISS is being funded until 2024, Roscosmos has endorsed the continued operation of ISS through 2024 but has proposed using elements of the Russian Orbital Segment to construct a new Russian space station called OPSEK. On 28 March 2015, Russian sources announced that Roscosmos and NASA had agreed to collaborate on the development of a replacement for the current ISS. NASA later issued a statement expressing thanks for Russias interest in future co-operation in space exploration. According to the original Memorandum of Understanding between NASA and Rosaviakosmos, the International Space Station was intended to be a laboratory, observatory and factory in low Earth orbit. It was also planned to provide transportation, maintenance, and act as a base for possible future missions to the Moon, Mars. In the 2010 United States National Space Policy, the ISS was given roles of serving commercial, diplomatic. The ISS provides a platform to conduct scientific research, the ISS simplifies individual experiments by eliminating the need for separate rocket launches and research staff
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International Space Station
International Space Station
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Sunrise at Zvezda
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Fisheye view of several labs
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CubeSats are deployed by the NanoRacks CubeSat Deployer attached to the end of the Japanese robotic arm
28.
American Civil War
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The American Civil War was an internal conflict fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. The Union faced secessionists in eleven Southern states grouped together as the Confederate States of America, the Union won the war, which remains the bloodiest in U. S. history. Among the 34 U. S. states in February 1861, War broke out in April 1861 when Confederates attacked the U. S. fortress of Fort Sumter. The Confederacy grew to eleven states, it claimed two more states, the Indian Territory, and the southern portions of the western territories of Arizona. The Confederacy was never recognized by the United States government nor by any foreign country. The states that remained loyal, including border states where slavery was legal, were known as the Union or the North, the war ended with the surrender of all the Confederate armies and the dissolution of the Confederate government in the spring of 1865. The war had its origin in the issue of slavery. The Confederacy collapsed and 4 million slaves were freed, but before his inauguration, seven slave states with cotton-based economies formed the Confederacy. The first six to declare secession had the highest proportions of slaves in their populations, the first seven with state legislatures to resolve for secession included split majorities for unionists Douglas and Bell in Georgia with 51% and Louisiana with 55%. Alabama had voted 46% for those unionists, Mississippi with 40%, Florida with 38%, Texas with 25%, of these, only Texas held a referendum on secession. Eight remaining slave states continued to reject calls for secession, outgoing Democratic President James Buchanan and the incoming Republicans rejected secession as illegal. Lincolns March 4,1861 inaugural address declared that his administration would not initiate a civil war, speaking directly to the Southern States, he reaffirmed, I have no purpose, directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the United States where it exists. I believe I have no right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so. After Confederate forces seized numerous federal forts within territory claimed by the Confederacy, efforts at compromise failed, the Confederates assumed that European countries were so dependent on King Cotton that they would intervene, but none did, and none recognized the new Confederate States of America. Hostilities began on April 12,1861, when Confederate forces fired upon Fort Sumter, while in the Western Theater the Union made significant permanent gains, in the Eastern Theater, the battle was inconclusive in 1861–62. The autumn 1862 Confederate campaigns into Maryland and Kentucky failed, dissuading British intervention, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which made ending slavery a war goal. To the west, by summer 1862 the Union destroyed the Confederate river navy, then much of their western armies, the 1863 Union siege of Vicksburg split the Confederacy in two at the Mississippi River. In 1863, Robert E. Lees Confederate incursion north ended at the Battle of Gettysburg, Western successes led to Ulysses S. Grants command of all Union armies in 1864
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New Orleans the largest cotton exporting port for New England and Great Britain textile mills, shipping Mississippi River Valley goods from North, South and Border states.
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Clockwise from top: Battle of Gettysburg, Union Captain John Tidball's artillery, Confederate prisoners, ironclad USS Atlanta, ruins of Richmond, Virginia, Battle of Franklin
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Sen. Stephen Douglas, author of the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854
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Sen. John J. Crittenden, of the 1860 Crittenden Compromise
29.
NASA
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President Dwight D. Eisenhower established NASA in 1958 with a distinctly civilian orientation encouraging peaceful applications in space science. The National Aeronautics and Space Act was passed on July 29,1958, disestablishing NASAs predecessor, the new agency became operational on October 1,1958. Since that time, most US space exploration efforts have led by NASA, including the Apollo Moon landing missions, the Skylab space station. Currently, NASA is supporting the International Space Station and is overseeing the development of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle, the agency is also responsible for the Launch Services Program which provides oversight of launch operations and countdown management for unmanned NASA launches. NASA shares data with various national and international such as from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite. Since 2011, NASA has been criticized for low cost efficiency, from 1946, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics had been experimenting with rocket planes such as the supersonic Bell X-1. In the early 1950s, there was challenge to launch a satellite for the International Geophysical Year. An effort for this was the American Project Vanguard, after the Soviet launch of the worlds first artificial satellite on October 4,1957, the attention of the United States turned toward its own fledgling space efforts. This led to an agreement that a new federal agency based on NACA was needed to conduct all non-military activity in space. The Advanced Research Projects Agency was created in February 1958 to develop technology for military application. On July 29,1958, Eisenhower signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act, a NASA seal was approved by President Eisenhower in 1959. Elements of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency and the United States Naval Research Laboratory were incorporated into NASA, earlier research efforts within the US Air Force and many of ARPAs early space programs were also transferred to NASA. In December 1958, NASA gained control of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA has conducted many manned and unmanned spaceflight programs throughout its history. Some missions include both manned and unmanned aspects, such as the Galileo probe, which was deployed by astronauts in Earth orbit before being sent unmanned to Jupiter, the experimental rocket-powered aircraft programs started by NACA were extended by NASA as support for manned spaceflight. This was followed by a space capsule program, and in turn by a two-man capsule program. This goal was met in 1969 by the Apollo program, however, reduction of the perceived threat and changing political priorities almost immediately caused the termination of most of these plans. NASA turned its attention to an Apollo-derived temporary space laboratory, to date, NASA has launched a total of 166 manned space missions on rockets, and thirteen X-15 rocket flights above the USAF definition of spaceflight altitude,260,000 feet. The X-15 was an NACA experimental rocket-powered hypersonic research aircraft, developed in conjunction with the US Air Force, the design featured a slender fuselage with fairings along the side containing fuel and early computerized control systems
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1963 photo showing Dr. William H. Pickering, (center) JPL Director, President John F. Kennedy, (right). NASA Administrator James Webb in background. They are discussing the Mariner program, with a model presented.
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Seal of NASA
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At launch control for the May 28, 1964, Saturn I SA-6 launch. Wernher von Braun is at center.
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Mercury-Atlas 6 launch on February 20, 1962
30.
String trimmer
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It consists of a cutting head at the end of a long shaft with a handle or handles and sometimes a shoulder strap. The string trimmer was invented in the early 1970s by George Ballas of Houston, Texas and his first trimmer was made by attaching pieces of heavy-duty fishing line to a popcorn can bolted to an edger. Ballas developed this into what he called the Weed Eater, since it chewed up the grass, a string trimmer works on the principle that a line that is turned fast enough is held out from its housing very stiffly by centrifugal force. The faster it turns the stiffer the line, even round-section nylon line is able to cut grass and slight, woody plants quite well. These lines make disks less necessary for tough jobs, the line is hand-wound onto a reel before the job is started, leaving both ends extending from the reel housing. The motor turns the reel and the line extends horizontally while the operator swings the trimmer about where the plants are to be trimmed, the operator controls the height at which cutting takes place and can trim down to ground level quite easily. As the line is worn, or breaks off, the operator knocks the reel on the ground so that a mechanism allows some of the line in the reel to extend. Newly extended line operates more efficiently because of its heavier weight, the speed of the spinning hub is usually controlled by a trigger on the handle. For vertical cutting the whole machine can be tilted or some trimmers allow the head to be adjusted at different angles, vertical cutting is not recommended near sidewalks or other concrete and pavement edges, because it leaves open grooves that allow water to collect and cause damage. One of such is an arrangement where the trimmer is connected to heavy machinery and is powered using a hydraulic motor, the head contains a safety shield on the user side and a rotating hub which may also be called a head or spool. Advantages of gasoline-powered trimmers include mobility and the maximum power. These very large trimmers are often referred to as brush cutters, brush-cutter types are usually made so that a metal blade can be attached instead of the string. A metal blade enables cutting heavier woody brush, smaller line trimmers have curved driveshafts to make holding the cutting-head at ground level much easier and with less strain on the operator. Many string trimmers allow the hub, the head or the part of the shaft to be replaced with accessories. Common accessories include, replacing the monofilament line with metal or plastic blades, replacing the lower shaft with a small chain saw to create a powered pole saw. Replacing the lower shaft with a hedge trimmer, replacing the lower shaft with a cultivator. Quick-release shafts are offered on many models which do not require any tools to switch in accessories. Gasoline-engine powered trimmers usually have a minimum of 21 cc displacement motors, at this size they can easily turn 2-millimetre line and some have nylon blades as accessories to the line-reel
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A man using a gasoline powered string trimmer
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A sample of string trimmer heads. From left: A string or line head, a chain trimmer head, and a metal brush cutting head.
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A brush cutter
31.
Santa Barbara International Film Festival
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The Santa Barbara International Film Festival is an eleven-day film festival held in Santa Barbara, California since 1986. In 2014, the festival screened over 200 films, including films and short films, from different countries. Besides screenings, the festival also contains different sections, including celebrity tributes, industry panels, though founded in 1986, the festival has developed and changed over years. When the present executive director, Roger Durling, first took over in 2002 and it was believed that he noticed the Sundance Effect which refers to the popularity of Sundance Film Festival taken place in January. He then decided to move the festival to late January and it was believed that Santa Barbara International Film Festival tries to shines a light on independent and ethnic film-makers. In the past, Roger Durling saved a third of his festivals slots to films by Hispanic filmmakers in order to better represent Latino population in the area, Durling also decided to add nature films. Now between you and me, I fall asleep at nature films, he said, but hey — they draw a huge crowd. Later, he decided to bring in surf flicks and adventure-sports film that would attract young college students, Film festivals have a tradition of being for the elite, but they shouldnt be, Durling said. It should be like a candy store, anyone should be able to walk in and grab whatever they want. In the past, the festival has honored numerous independent filmmakers, organizers of the festival have pointed out that some of their honorees were not the most popular stars, however, they all contributed to the industry at a great level. Ten writers are selected to write one 10-minute script each, the scripts are then matched with the ten filmmakers and those students then have ten days to shoot and edit the completed ten-minute short film, during the ten days of the festival. Films are screened and winners are announced on closing night, a selection committee consisting of representatives from each school, Industry professionals and SBIFF representatives select the participants. SBIFF Website Santa Barbara Film Commission IMDb SBIFF page Santa Barbara International Film Festival - A Photoessay by Scott London
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Santa Barbara International Film Festival
32.
The Twilight Zone
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The Twilight Zone is an American television anthology series created by Rod Serling. A popular and critical success, it introduced many Americans to common science fiction, the original series, shot entirely in black and white, ran for five seasons from 1959 to 1964. The success of the led to a feature film, a radio series, a comic book, a magazine. The first revival ran on CBS and in syndication in the 1980s, TV Guide ranked the original TV series #5 in their 2013 list of the 60 greatest dramas of all time. As a boy, Rod Serling was a fan of pulp fiction stories, as an adult, he sought topics with themes such as racism, government, war, society, and human nature in general. Serling decided to combine these two interests as a way to broach these subjects on television at a time such issues were not commonly addressed. Throughout the 1950s, Serling established himself as one of the most popular names in television and he was as famous for writing televised drama as he was for criticizing the mediums limitations. His most vocal complaints concerned censorship, which was practiced by sponsors. I was not permitted to have my senators discuss any current or pressing problem, he said of his 1957 production The Arena, to talk of tariff was to align oneself with the Republicans, to talk of labor was to suggest control by the Democrats. To say a single thing germane to the current political scene was absolutely prohibited, CBS purchased a teleplay in 1958 that writer Rod Serling hoped to produce as the pilot of a weekly anthology series. The Time Element marked Serlings first entry in the field of science fiction, several years after the end of World War II, a man named Peter Jenson visits a psychoanalyst, Dr. Gillespie. Jenson tells him about a dream in which he tries to warn people about the sneak attack on Pearl Harbor before it happens. Jenson believes the events of the dream are real, and each night he travels back to 1941, Dr. Gillespie insists that time travel is impossible given the nature of temporal paradoxes. While on the couch, Jenson falls asleep again and dreams that the Japanese planes shoot. In Dr. Gillespies office, the couch Jenson was lying on is now empty, Dr. Gillespie goes to a bar where he finds Jensons picture on the wall. The bartender tells him that Jenson had tended there, but he was killed during the Pearl Harbor attack, the Time Element was purchased immediately, but shelved indefinitely. The Time Element debuted on November 24,1958, to an overwhelmingly delighted audience of television viewers, the humor and sincerity of Mr. Serlings dialogue made The Time Element consistently entertaining, offered Jack Gould of The New York Times. Over 6000 letters of praise flooded Granets offices, convinced that a series based on such stories could succeed, CBS again began talks with Serling about the possibilities of producing The Twilight Zone
The Twilight Zone
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William Bendix and Martin Balsam in "The Time Element"
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1959 series logo
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Rod Serling working on his script with a dictating machine, 1959
33.
Rod Serling
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Serling was active in politics, both on and off the screen, and helped form television industry standards. He was known as the young man of Hollywood, clashing with television executives and sponsors over a wide range of issues including censorship, racism. Serling was born on December 25,1924, in Syracuse, New York and he was the second of two sons born to Esther and Samuel Lawrence Serling. Serlings father had worked as a secretary and amateur inventor before having children, sam Serling later became a butcher after the Great Depression forced the store to close. Rod had a brother, Robert J. Serling. Serling spent most of his youth 70 miles south of Syracuse in the city of Binghamton after his family moved there in 1926 and his parents encouraged his talents as a performer. Sam Serling built a stage in the basement, where Rod often put on plays. His older brother, writer Robert, recalled that, at the age of six or seven, Rod often talked to people around him without waiting for their answers. On a two-hour-long trip from Binghamton to Syracuse, the rest of the family remained silent to see if Rod would notice their lack of participation and he did not, talking nonstop through the entire car ride. In elementary school, Serling was seen as the class clown, however, his seventh-grade English teacher, Helen Foley, encouraged him to enter the schools public speaking extracurriculars. He joined the team and was a speaker at his high school graduation. He began writing for the newspaper, in which, according to the journalist Gordon Sander. He was also interested in sports and excelled at tennis and table tennis, when he attempted to join the varsity football team, he was told he was too small at 5 feet 4 inches tall. Serling was interested in radio and writing at an early age and he listened to various radio programs, especially thrillers with a fantasy or horror feel. Arch Oboler and Norman Corwin were two of his favorite writers and he also did some staff work at a Binghamton radio station. He was accepted into college during his year of high school. As editor of his school newspaper, Serling encouraged his fellow students to support the war effort. He wanted to leave school before graduation to join the fight, War is a temporary thing, Gus Youngstrom told him
Rod Serling
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Publicity photo of Serling, 1959
Rod Serling
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Serling as a senior in high school, 1943
Rod Serling
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Men and equipment on Leyte beachhead, October 20, 1944
Rod Serling
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Serling family, 1959, his wife Carol in left photo, his daughters in right
34.
Regency Enterprises
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Regency Enterprises is an American entertainment company formed by Arnon Milchan. This company originally had no distribution deal producing films with various studios such as The Ladd Company, TriStar Pictures, Warner Bros. and this company produced films such as Once Upon a Time in America and Q&A. This company was shut down in 1991, Arnon Milchan rebranded Regency International Pictures and renamed it to Regency Enterprises. In addition to signing a deal with Warner Bros. A subsidiary company New Regency Productions was also created and it is located on the 20th Century Fox lot. New Regency primarily produces movies, and has at least 100 movies to its credit, New Regency produced 2013s 12 Years a Slave, 2014s Birdman, and 2015s The Revenant, which earned the company two Academy Awards for Best Picture in a row, and three nominations. In September 1997, Milchan signed a 15-year distribution pact with 20th Century Fox worldwide in all media outside of foreign TV rights, foxs parent company News Corporation funneled $200 million in New Regency, in exchange for a 20 percent stake in the company. In 2011, Fox and New Regency extended the pact, to expire in 2022, Regency Television is a joint venture between Regency Enterprises and Fox Television Studios founded in 1998. Regencys best-known television shows include The WB sci-fi drama Roswell, on July 17,2008, Regency Television shut down all production and closed its business after nearly ten years in operation. On January 17,2011, New Regency announced a return to the business after 20th Century Fox extended its distribution business with Regency until 2022. New Regency Productions Regency Television BabyFirst, cable channel in U. S. aimed at 0-3 year olds
Regency Enterprises
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Regency Enterprises current logo
35.
Broken City (film)
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Broken City is a 2013 American political thriller drama film directed by Allen Hughes and written by Brian Tucker. Mark Wahlberg stars as an officer turned private investigator and Russell Crowe as the mayor of New York City who hires the private detective to investigate his wife. This is Hughes first solo feature film directing effort, in productions he collaborated with his twin brother Albert. Under a partnership between Emmett/Furla Films and Regency Enterprises, Hughes began production in 2011 in New York City, the film was released in theaters on January 18,2013. The films box office fell short of expectations, earning just over $34 million in ticket sales. NYPD detective Billy Taggart is arrested for the murder of Mikey Tavarez, Chief Carl Fairbanks, goes to Mayor of New York City Nicholas Hostetler with a witness and evidence. Hostetler buries the evidence, and a judge clears Taggart as having shot Tavarez in self-defense, the mayor calls Taggart to his office for a private meeting and calls him a hero, but still forces him to leave the police. Seven years later, Taggart is living with his girlfriend Natalie Barrow, taggarts private detective business is on the verge of bankruptcy when Mayor Hostetler hires him to investigate his wife, Cathleen Hostetler, who he thinks is having an affair. Helped by his assistant, Katy Bradshaw, Taggart learns that Cathleen is seeing Paul Andrews, at a fundraiser for Hostetlers campaign, Cathleen reveals to Taggart that she knows he has been following her, and advises him not to trust her husband. Taggart delivers to Mayor Hostetler photos taken of Cathleen meeting with Andrews, at a film debut party, Barrow reveals that her real name is Natalia Barea, and that Yesenia was her sister. At the screening, Taggart is shocked at Natalies sex scene and he had thought it would express poetic love, but finds it akin to porn. Combined with guilt over working for Hostetler, Taggart descends into regular drinking bouts and he argues with Natalie over the scene and about the people she is seeing during her work. Taggart gets drunk, brawling with strangers while walking the city streets and he receives a phone call from Katy telling him Chief Fairbanks wants him at a murder scene. When he arrives, he learns that Andrews, Valliants campaign manager, has been found murdered, Taggart tells Fairbanks that he was hired by Mayor Hostetler to investigate his wife. They learn that the candidate Valliant was in Andrews apartment, Valliant reveals that Andrews was scheduled to meet Todd Lancaster, son of Hostetlers wealthy benefactor, contractor Sam Lancaster. A furious Cathleen tells Taggart that Andrews was a friend of hers, not a lover. The deal was expected to enrich both Sam Lancaster and the mayor, Hostetler wanted to find out Cathleens source, so he manipulated Taggart into tracking her. Taggart decides to investigate Mayor Hostetler for corruption and he goes to Lancasters construction business, and finds workers destroying loads of documents
Broken City (film)
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Theatrical release poster
36.
Take Shelter
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Take Shelter is a 2011 American psychological thriller drama film written and directed by Jeff Nichols and starring Michael Shannon and Jessica Chastain. Plagued by a series of visions, a young husband and father questions whether to shelter his family from a coming storm. It was nominated for four Saturn Awards including Best Horror or Thriller Film and Best Actress for Chastain, and won Best Writing for Nichols and Best Actor for Shannon. In Lagrange, Ohio, Curtis LaForche has apocalyptic dreams and visual and auditory hallucinations of rain like fresh motor oil, swarms of menacing black birds and he hides all of this from his wife, Samantha, and their deaf daughter, Hannah. Curtis grudgingly sees a counselor at a clinic, with whom he talks about his familys psychological history. His mother suffers from paranoid schizophrenia that surfaced in her at about the age that Curtis is now. Sam becomes angry when she discovers the project, after Curtis takes more than the prescribed dose of a sedative and suffers a seizure, Sam calls an ambulance. He recovers, then explains the truth to her, including his dreams. Curtis begins to more work, causing tensions with his boss, as he. Curtis buys gas masks for his family and extends his previous health insurance policy for a few extra weeks. Finding that his counselor at the clinic has suddenly transferred and been replaced with a new one. Tensions linger between Curtis and Sam over his loss of a job/income at such a time for their family. Sam gets Curtis to see an actual psychiatrist and demands that they attend a social function so she can restore some sense of normalcy to their strained, at a Lions Club community gathering, a bitter Dewart angrily provokes and punches Curtis. Enraged, Curtis knocks Dewart to the floor, overturns a table and he prophetically shouts that a devastating storm is coming, insisting that none of them is prepared. Later, a tornado warning sends him and his family into the shelter, after they awaken, Curtis reluctantly removes his gas mask, prompted by Samantha. They go to open the doors, but he still hears a storm outside. His wife implores him, insisting that theres no storm and that he needs to open the door. A psychiatrist advises the couple to go through with their planned, annual beach vacation, at Myrtle Beach, while Curtis is building sand castles with Hannah, she signs the word storm
Take Shelter
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Theatrical release poster
37.
Pi (film)
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Pi, also titled π, is a 1998 American surrealist psychological thriller film written and directed by Darren Aronofsky in his directorial debut. The film earned Aronofsky the Directing Award at the 1998 Sundance Film Festival, the Independent Spirit Award for Best First Screenplay, the title refers to the mathematical constant pi. The film is notable for its covering of an array of themes including religion, mysticism, Max Cohen is the storys protagonist and unreliable narrator. Unemployed and living in a drab Chinatown apartment in New York City, Max also suffers from cluster headaches, as well as extreme paranoia, hallucinations, and social anxiety disorder. Other than Devi, a woman living next door who sometimes speaks to him, Maxs only social interaction is with Sol Robeson. Max begins making stock predictions based on the calculations of his computer, in the middle of printing out its picks, Euclid suddenly crashes after spitting out a seemingly random 216-digit number, as well as a single pick at one-tenth its current value. Disgusted, Max tosses out the printout of the number, the next morning, he checks the financial pages and sees that the pick Euclid made was accurate. He searches desperately for the printout but cannot find it, Sol becomes unnerved when Max mentions the number, asking if it contained 216 digits. When Max questions him about the number, Sol indicates that he came across it years ago. He urges Max to slow down and try taking a break, at a coffee shop that he frequents on a daily basis, Max meets Lenny Meyer, a Hasidic Jew who coincidentally does mathematical research on the Torah. Lenny demonstrates some simple Gematria, the correspondence of the Hebrew alphabet to numbers, Max takes an interest when he realizes that some of the number concepts Lenny discusses are similar to other mathematical concepts, such as the Fibonacci sequence. Max is also met by agents of a Wall Street firm who are interested in his work, one of the agents, Marcy Dawson, offers Max a classified computer chip called Ming Mecca in exchange for the results of his work, which Max eventually accepts. Using the chip, Max has Euclid analyze mathematical patterns in the Torah, Euclid spits out the 216-digit number before crashing again. When his computer refuses to print out the number, Max begins to write it down, midway through the writing, Max realizes that he knows the pattern, undergoes a sudden epiphany, and passes out. Thereafter, Max appears to become clairvoyant and is able to visualize the stock market patterns he had been searching for, but his headaches also increase in intensity, and he discovers a strange vein-like bulge protruding from his right temple. Max has an out with Sol after the latter urges him to quit his work. One evening, Dawson and her agents grab Max on the street and they had found the original printout that Max threw away and had been trying to use it to manipulate the stock market in their favor, but as a result, caused it to crash. Although Max is held at gunpoint, Lenny drives by and rescues him, however, Lenny and his companions make similar demands on Max to give them the number
Pi (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Pi (film)
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π
38.
Moon (film)
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Moon is a 2009 British science fiction drama film co-written and directed by Duncan Jones. The film follows Sam Bell, a man who experiences a crisis as he nears the end of a three-year solitary stint mining helium-3 on the far side of the Moon. It was the debut of director Duncan Jones. Kevin Spacey voices Sams robot companion, GERTY, Moon premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival and was released in selected cinemas in New York and Los Angeles on 12 June 2009. The release was expanded to additional theatres in the United States, Moon was modestly budgeted and grossed just under $10 million worldwide but was well received by critics. Rockwells performance found praise as did the scientific realism and plausibility. It won numerous film critic and film awards and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Film. In 2035, Lunar Industries has made a fortune after an oil crisis by building Sarang Station, the facility is fully automated, requiring only a single human to maintain operations, oversee the harvesters, and launch canisters bound for Earth containing the extracted helium-3. Currently, Sam Bell nears the end of his work contract at Sarang Station. Chronic communication problems have disabled his live feed from Earth and limit him to occasional recorded messages from his wife Tess and his only companion is an artificial intelligence named GERTY, who assists with the bases automation and provides comfort for him. Two weeks before his return to Earth, Sam suffers from hallucinations of a teenage girl, one such image distracts him while he is out recovering a helium-3 canister from a harvester, causing him to crash his lunar rover into the harvester. Rapidly losing cabin air from the crash, Sam falls unconscious in the rover, Sam awakes in the base infirmary with no memory of the accident. He overhears GERTY receiving instructions from Lunar Industries to prevent him leaving the base. His suspicions aroused, he manufactures a fake problem to persuade GERTY to let him outside and he travels to the crashed rover, where he finds his unconscious doppelgänger. He brings the double back to the base and tends to his injuries, the two Sams start to wonder if one is a clone of the other. After a heated argument and physical altercation, they together coerce GERTY into revealing that they are clones of the original Sam Bell. GERTY activated the newest clone after the crash, and convinced him that he was at the beginning of his three-year contract. The two Sams search the facility, discovering a vault containing hundreds of hibernating clones
Moon (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Moon (film)
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Sam Rockwell and Duncan Jones at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival screening
39.
Cube (film)
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Cube is a 1997 Canadian science fiction horror film directed and co-written by Vincenzo Natali. The film was a product of the Canadian Film Centres First Feature Project, the film follows a group of people led by Quentin, a policeman, as they cross industrialized cube-shaped rooms, with some rigged with various traps designed to kill. Cube gained notoriety for its atmosphere and Kafkaesque setting, with the industrial, cube-shaped room design. Since its release, the film received polarizing, yet favorable reviews, out of a mix of middling or negative reviews, the film spawned a film series, and a remake is currently in development at Lionsgate. A man named Alderson awakens in a room with a hatch in each wall, the ceiling. He enters a room and, without warning, is killed by a trap. In another such room, five people – Quentin, Worth, Holloway, Rennes, none of them knows where they are or how they got there. Quentin informs the others that some rooms contain traps, which he learned by nearly being killed by one, Rennes assumes each trap is triggered by a motion detector and tests each room by throwing one of his boots in first. Leaven notices numbers inscribed in the passageways between rooms, Quentin recognizes Rennes as the Wren, an escape artist renowned for getting out of jails. After declaring one room trap-free, Rennes enters and is killed when he is sprayed with acid, the others realize that there are different kinds of detectors, and Quentin deduces that this trap was triggered by heat. Quentin believes each person has a reason for being there, Leaven is a mathematics student, Holloway a physician and conspiracy theorist, and the surly Worth declines to talk about himself. Leaven hypothesizes that any room marked with a number is a trap. They find a mentally challenged man named Kazan, whom Holloway insists they bring along, when Quentin nearly dies in a room deemed safe by Leavens calculations, tensions rise due to personality conflicts and lack of faith in Leavens system. Quentin provokes Worth into an argument about finding the exit, Worth admits that he designed the Cubes outer shell for a shadowy bureaucracy and guesses that its original purpose has been forgotten, they have been imprisoned within simply to put it to use. Worths knowledge of the shells size allows Leaven to determine that each side of the Cube is 26 rooms across. She guesses that the numbers indicate the Cartesian coordinates of the rooms, the group moves toward the nearest edge as determined by her theory, but each of the rooms near the outer wall are trapped. Rather than backtrack, they travel silently through a room with a sound-activated trap, after Kazan makes a sound and nearly causes Quentins death, Quentin threatens Kazan. Holloway defends Kazan and provokes Quentin into an argument by calling him a Nazi, the acrimonious argument escalates until Quentin slaps her, further increasing tension within the group
Cube (film)
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Theatrical release poster
40.
Skype
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Skype is an instant messaging app that provides online text message and video chat services. Users may transmit both text and video messages and may exchange digital documents such as images, text, Skype operate based on a freemium model. Much of the service is free, but Skype Credit or a subscription is required to call a landline or a phone number. At the end of 2010, there were over 660 million worldwide users, at one point in February 2012, there were thirty four million users concurrently online on Skype. In September 2005, eBay acquired Skype for $2.6 billion, Microsoft bought Skype in May 2011 for $8.5 billion. Skype division headquarters are in Luxembourg but most of the development team and 44% of all the employees are still situated in Tallinn and Tartu. Skype allows users to communicate over the Internet by voice using a microphone, by using a webcam. Skype-to-Skype calls to other users are free of charge, while calls to landline telephones, Skype originally featured a hybrid peer-to-peer and client–server system. Skype has been powered entirely by Microsoft-operated supernodes since May 2012, the 2013 mass surveillance disclosures revealed that Microsoft had granted intelligence agencies unfettered access to supernodes and Skype communication content. The name for the software is derived from Sky peer-to-peer, which was abbreviated to Skyper. However, some of the names associated with Skyper were already taken. Dropping the final r left the current title Skype, for domain names were available. Skype was founded in 2003 by Niklas Zennström, from Sweden, the Skype software was created by Estonians Ahti Heinla, Priit Kasesalu, and Jaan Tallinn. The first public version was released on 29 August 2003. In June 2005, Skype entered into an agreement with the Polish web portal Onet. pl for an offering on the Polish market. On 10 May 2011, Microsoft Corporation acquired Skype Communications, S. à r. l for US$8.5 billion, the company was incorporated as a division of Microsoft, which acquired all Its technologies with the purchase. This was completed on 13 October 2011 and this app became downloadable from the Windows Store when the new OS launched on 26 October 2012. When the company introduced Office 2013 on 27 February 2013, it was announced that 60 Skype world minutes per month would be included in Office 365 consumer plans, on 11 November 2014, Microsoft announced that in 2015 Lync would be replaced by Skype for Business
Skype
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Screenshot of Skype 7 for Windows Desktop on Windows 8.1
41.
Brenton Thwaites
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Brenton Thwaites is an Australian actor who first came to prominence with his portrayal of Luke Gallagher in the Fox8 teen drama series SLiDE, and later Stu Henderson in the soap opera Home and Away. Since moving to the United States, Thwaites has headlined films such as Blue Lagoon, The Awakening, Oculus, and The Giver, Thwaites was born on 10 August 1989 in Cairns, Queensland, to Fiona and Peter Thwaites. He underwent secondary education at Cairns State High School in Far North Queensland, during his youth, Thwaites was drawn to the idea of becoming a policeman or a firefighter, having been interested in movies involving the latter. However, his interests diverted to the processes of filmmaking and letting personality shine through so many different characters, at the age of 16, Thwaites made his first performance in front of a live audience in a rendition of the Shakespearean tragedy Romeo and Juliet. Thwaites studied acting at the Queensland University of Technology for three years, before graduating in 2010 and he then relocated to Sydney to join the long-running soap opera Home and Away before moving to the United States in 2011/12 to pursue his career in acting. He also found inspiration in comedy actors Robin Williams and Jim Carrey when practicing the American accent, prior to graduating from the Queensland University of Technology, Thwaites made his film debut in Charge Over You, a 2010 independent feature film. After he graduated, Thwaites went on to appear in an episode of Sea Patrol and in the short film, Headsmen. In November 2010, Thwaites, along with Adele Perovic, Ben Schumann, Emily Robins, the show follows five Brisbane teenagers making their way to adulthood. Thwaites believes his character, Luke Gallagher, stands back a bit, hes drawn in as it was a chance to find better friends and an opportunity to be part of a group. Some friends he can love and help him mature, Thwaites made his first appearance on SLiDE in the series premiere episode on 16 August 2011. Shortly after Thwaites moved to Sydney from Cairns in April 2011, he was given a recurring role of Stu Henderson in the 24th season of Home. Thwaites called the show a learning experience and said his co-stars were easy to work with. Thwaites made his first appearance as Stu, a member of the River Boys, tristan Swanwick of The Courier-Mail said Thwaites was a bit too pretty to be a bad-ass River Boy but that some fake tattoos would balance that impression. Of his character, Thwaites said, Stus awesome, he has some fights, he gets the girls, following Thwaites relocation to the United States, he signed on to play the male lead in the 2012 television film Blue Lagoon, The Awakening opposite Australian actress Indiana Evans. The film received mixed reviews, with Zap2it praising both Thwaites and Evans believable acting. In 2013, Thwaites starred in the horror film Oculus. Production on the began in October 2012 in Alabama, and was completed a few weeks later. The film was first released on 5 September 2013, at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival and his performance as Russell was well received by Indiewire, which claimed that Thwaites maintained a credibly frightened demeanor throughout the film
Brenton Thwaites
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Thwaites at San Diego Comic-Con 2014's panel for The Giver
Brenton Thwaites
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Thwaites at the premiere of Oculus, Toronto Film Festival, 8 September 2013
42.
Blue Velvet (film)
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Blue Velvet is a 1986 American neo-noir mystery film, written and directed by David Lynch. Blending psychological horror film noir, the film stars Kyle MacLachlan, Isabella Rossellini, Dennis Hopper. The title is taken from Bobby Vintons 1963 song of the same name, the screenplay of Blue Velvet had been passed around multiple times in the late 1970s and early 1980s, with many major studios declining it because of its strong sexual and violent content. The independent studio De Laurentiis Entertainment Group, owned at the time by Italian film producer Dino De Laurentiis, Blue Velvet initially received a divided critical response, with many stating that its objectionable content served little artistic purpose. It nevertheless earned Lynch his second Academy Award nomination for Best Director, publications including Sight & Sound, Time, Entertainment Weekly and BBC Magazine have ranked it among the greatest American films of all time. In 2008, Blue Velvet was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of the greatest American mystery films ever made, Jeffrey Beaumont returns to his logging home town of Lumberton, North Carolina, from Oak Lake College after his father suffers a near-fatal stroke. While walking home from the hospital, he cuts through a vacant lot, Jeffrey takes the ear to police detective John Williams and becomes reacquainted with the detectives daughter, Sandy. She tells him details about the ear case and a woman, Dorothy Vallens. Increasingly curious, Jeffrey enters Dorothys apartment by posing as an exterminator, Jeffrey and Sandy attend Dorothys nightclub act, in which she sings Blue Velvet, and leave early so Jeffrey can sneak into her apartment to snoop. He hurriedly hides in a closet when she returns home, however, Dorothy, wielding a knife, discovers him and threatens to kill him. Dorothy hides Jeffrey in the closet, from there he witnesses the visitor, Frank Booth, inflict his bizarre sexual proclivities—which include inhaling an unidentified gas, dry humping, and sadomasochism—upon Dorothy. Frank is an extremely foul-mouthed, violent sociopath whose orgasmic climax is a fit of both pleasure and rage and he continually refers to her as Mommy and to himself as both the Daddy and the Baby, who wants to fuck. Frank has kidnapped Dorothys husband and son to force her to sexual favors. When Frank leaves, a sad and desperate Dorothy tries to seduce Jeffrey again and demands that he hit her, when Jeffrey moves to leave, she asks him to stay, though he leaves anyway. Jeffrey relays his experience to Sandy, asking her why there are people like Frank, Sandy in turn tells him of a wonderful dream she had about robins that she interprets as a sign of hope for humanity. Jeffrey and Sandy find themselves attracted to other, though Sandy has a boyfriend. Jeffrey again visits Dorothys apartment and she tells him that although she knows nothing about him, Jeffrey attends another of Dorothys performances at the club, where she sings the same song. At the club, Jeffrey spots Frank in the audience fondling a piece of velvet fabric he cut from Dorothys robe
Blue Velvet (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Blue Velvet (film)
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"I guess it means there's trouble until the robins come": Throughout the film, a dream Sandy had is alluded to, in which the world was full of darkness and turmoil until a group of robins were set free, unleashing blinding light and love. Lighting is a strong symbolic aspect of the film, illustrated in this second shot which is saturated with light representing the return to normalcy and love.
Blue Velvet (film)
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Lynch and Rossellini at the Cannes Film Festival.
43.
Twin Peaks
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Twin Peaks is an American television serial drama created by Mark Frost and David Lynch that premiered on April 8,1990, on ABC. It was one of the shows of 1990, but declining ratings led to its cancellation after its second season in 1991. It nonetheless captured a cult following and has been referenced in a variety of media. In subsequent years, Twin Peaks has often been ranked as one of the greatest television dramas ever made, the series follows an investigation headed by FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper into the murder of homecoming queen Laura Palmer in the fictional town of Twin Peaks, Washington. Like much of Lynchs work, it is distinguished by surrealism and offbeat humor, the shows acclaimed score was composed by Angelo Badalamenti in collaboration with Lynch. Twin Peaks was followed by a 1992 feature film, Twin Peaks, Fire Walk with Me, in October 2014, Showtime announced that the series would return as a limited event series, scheduled to premiere on May 21,2017. The limited series is written by Lynch and Frost and directed by Lynch, many original cast members, including MacLachlan, returned. In 1989, logger Pete Martell discovers a corpse wrapped in plastic on the bank of a river outside the town of Twin Peaks. When Sheriff Harry S. Truman, his deputies, and Dr. Will Hayward arrive, a badly injured second girl, Ronette Pulaski, is discovered in a fugue state. FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper is called in to investigate, Coopers initial examination of Lauras body reveals a tiny typed letter R inserted under her fingernail. The authorities discover that Laura has been living a double life and she was cheating on her boyfriend, football captain Bobby Briggs, with biker James Hurley, and prostituting herself with the help of truck driver Leo Johnson and drug dealer Jacques Renault. Laura was also addicted to cocaine, which she obtained by coercing Bobby into doing business with Jacques, Lauras father, attorney Leland Palmer, suffers a nervous breakdown. Her best friend, Donna Hayward, begins a relationship with James, with the help of Lauras cousin Maddy Ferguson, Donna and James discover that Lauras psychiatrist, Dr. Lawrence Jacoby, was obsessed with Laura, but he is proven innocent of the murder. Hornes sultry, troubled daughter, Audrey, becomes infatuated with Cooper, Cooper has a dream in which he is approached by a one-armed otherworldly being who calls himself Mike. Mike says that Lauras murderer is an entity, Killer Bob. Cooper finds himself decades older with Laura and a dwarf in a red business suit, the next morning, Cooper tells Truman that, if he can decipher the dream, he will know who killed Laura. Cooper and the sheriffs department find the man from Coopers dream. Gerard knows a Bob, the veterinarian who treats Renaults pet bird, Cooper interprets these events to mean that Renault is the murderer and, with Trumans help, tracks Renault to One-Eyed Jacks, a brothel owned by Horne across the border in Canada
Twin Peaks
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Twin Peaks
Twin Peaks
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Season one of Twin Peaks focuses on the mystery of how Laura Palmer (played by Sheryl Lee, pictured in 1990) was murdered
Twin Peaks
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After solving the murder of Laura Palmer, Kyle MacLachlan 's (pictured here in 1991) character of Dale Cooper stays in Twin Peaks to investigate further
Twin Peaks
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Veteran film actress Piper Laurie (pictured here in 1990) helped cement the Twin Peaks cast.
44.
Variety (magazine)
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Variety is a weekly American entertainment trade magazine and website owned by Penske Media Corporation. The last daily printed edition was put out on March 19,2013, Variety originally reported on theater and vaudeville. Variety has been published since December 16,1905, when it was launched by Sime Silverman as a weekly periodical covering vaudeville with its headquarters in New York City, on January 19,1907, Variety published what is considered the first film review in history. In 1933, Sime Silverman launched Daily Variety, based in Hollywood, Sime Silverman had passed on the editorship of the Weekly Variety to Abel Green as his replacement in 1931, he remained as publisher until his death in 1933 soon after launching the Daily. His son Sidne Silverman, known as Skigie, succeeded him as publisher of both publications, both Sidne and his wife, stage actress Marie Saxon, died of tuberculosis. Their only son Syd Silverman, born 1932, was the heir to what was then Variety Inc. Young Syds legal guardian Harold Erichs oversaw Variety Inc. until 1956, after that date Syd Silverman was publisher of both the Weekly Variety in New York and the Daily Variety in Hollywood, until the sale of both papers in 1987 to the Cahners Corp. In L. A. the Daily was edited by Tom Pryor from 1959 until 1988, for twenty years its editor-in-chief was Peter Bart, originally only of the weekly New York edition, with Michael Silverman running the Daily in Hollywood. Bart had worked previously at Paramount Pictures and The New York Times, in April 2009, Bart moved to the position of vice president and editorial director, characterized online as Boffo No More, Bart Up and Out at Variety. From mid 2009 to 2013, Timothy M. Gray oversaw the publication as Editor-in-Chief, after over 30 years of various reporter, in October 2014, Eller and Wallenstein were upped to Co-Editors in Chief, with Littleton continuing to oversee the trades television coverage. This dissemination comes in the form of columns, news stories, images, video, Cahners Publishing purchased Variety from the Silverman family in 1987. On December 7,1988, Barts predecessor, Roger Watkins, proposed, upon its launch, the new-look Variety measured one inch shorter with a washed-out color on the front. In October 2012, Reed Business Information, the periodicals owner, PMC is the owner of Deadline. com, which since the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike has been considered Varietys largest competitor in online showbiz news. In October,2012, Jay Penske announced that the paywall would come down, the print publication would stay. A significant portion of the advertising revenue comes during the film-award season leading up to the Academy Awards. During this Awards Season, large numbers of colorful, full-page For Your Consideration advertisements inflate the size of Variety to double or triple its usual page count, paid circulation for the weekly Variety magazine in 2013 was 40,000. Each copy of each Variety issue is read by an average of three people, with a total readership of 120,000. Variety. com has 17 million unique monthly visitors, Variety is a weekly entertainment publication with a broad coverage of movies, television, theater, music and technology, written for entertainment executives
Variety (magazine)
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The Variety Building in December 2008.
45.
Collateral (film)
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Collateral is a 2004 American neo-noir crime thriller directed by Michael Mann and written by Stuart Beattie. It stars Tom Cruise cast against type as a contract killer, the film also features Jada Pinkett Smith and Mark Ruffalo. Foxx and Cruises performances were praised, with Foxx being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. The films editors, Jim Miller and Paul Rubell, were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing. Max Durocher, a meticulous Los Angeles cab driver, is working to earn enough to start his own limousine business, one of the evenings fares is U. S. Justice Department prosecutor Annie Farrell. On the drive to her office, they strike up a conversation, Maxs next fare is Vincent who exits the building just after Annie entered. Impressed by Maxs skill at navigating the streets of LA, Vincent offers Max $600 to drive him for the entire night, Max reluctantly agrees, as the money is too good to pass up. As Max waits at the first stop, a man falls onto his car, Vincent reveals himself as a hitman, and the dead man, drug dealer Ramón Ayala, is the first of five targets for the night. He forces Max to hide the body in the trunk and continue driving, at the second stop, Vincent ties Max to the steering wheel. Max sounds his horn and flashes his lights, attracting the attention of a group of young men and he asks them for help, but instead two of them take his wallet and Vincents briefcase. Vincent returns and kills the two, much to Maxs horror, at a gas station, Vincent tells Max they are ahead of schedule and offers to buy him a drink at a jazz club he likes. Vincent admires the trumpet player on the stage, Daniel, and after his set, Max tells Vincent that he wants out, but Vincent threatens to kill him if he refuses to obey. Maxs boss, who constantly calls Max over the radio regarding his whereabouts, learning of Maxs nightly visits to his hospitalized mother, Vincent insists Max does not break his routine and visits her. At the hospital, Max grabs Vincents briefcase containing files on his targets, runs on a pedestrian bridge, Vincent forces Max to meet drug lord Felix Reyes-Torrena to obtain information on his last two marks, threatening to murder Ida otherwise. Posing as Vincent, Max meets with Felix and successfully acquires the information on a USB flash drive, Vincent heads to the next target, Korean gangster Peter Lim, who is at a nightclub. Meanwhile, LAPD Detective Ray Fanning uncovers the connection between the three victims and reports his finding to FBI Special Agent Frank Pedrosa, Frank identifies the victims as witnesses in a federal grand jury indicting Felix for the following day, and thus are target for assassination. Pedrosa assembles a force to secure Lim, at the nightclub, they run into Vincent, who is being followed by Felixs men. Vincent manages to kill all of Felixs hitmen, Lims bodyguards and Lim himself, Fanning rescues Max and smuggles him outside, but is killed by Vincent, who beckons Max back into the cab
Collateral (film)
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Theatrical poster
46.
American Film Institute
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The American Film Institute is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the moving picture arts in America. AFI is supported by funding and public membership. The institute is composed of leaders from the film, entertainment, business, a board of trustees chaired by Sir Howard Stringer and a board of directors chaired by Robert A. Daly guide the organization, which is led by President and CEO Bob Gazzale. Prior leaders were founding director George Stevens, Jr. and Jean Picker Firstenberg. <ref>AFI Board of Trustees etc. American Film Institute. October 2014. Retrieved December 24,2014. </ref>Two years later, in 1967, AFI was established, supported by the National Endowment for the Arts, the Motion Picture Association of America and the Ford Foundation. The institute established a program for filmmakers known then as the Center for Advanced Film Studies. The institute moved to its current eight-acre Hollywood campus in 1981, the film training program grew into the AFI Conservatory, an accredited graduate school. AFI educates audiences and recognizes excellence through its awards programs and 10 Top 10 Lists. In 1969, the established the AFI Conservatory for Advanced Film Studies at Greystone. The first class included filmmakers Terrence Malick, Caleb Deschanel and Paul Schrader, mirroring a professional production environment, Fellows collaborate to make more films than any other graduate level program. Admission to AFI Conservatory is highly selective, with a maximum of 140 graduates per year, in 2013, Emmy and Oscar-winning director, producer and screenwriter James L. Brooks joined AFI as Artistic Director of the AFI Conservatory where he provides leadership for the film program. Brooks artistic role at the AFI Conservatory has a legacy that includes Daniel Petrie, Jr. Robert Wise. Award-winning director Bob Mandel served as Dean of the AFI Conservatory for nine years, jan Schuette took over as Dean in 2014. AFI Conservatorys alumni have careers in film, television and on the web and they have been recognized with all of the major industry awards – Academy Award, Emmy Award, guild awards, and the Tony Award. The AFI Catalog, started in 1968, is a web-based filmographic database, early print copies of this catalog may also be found at your local library. Each year the AFI Awards honor the ten outstanding films and ten outstanding television programs, the awards are a non-competitive acknowledgement of excellence. The Awards are announced in December and a luncheon for award honorees takes place the following January. The juries consisted of over 1,500 artists, scholars, critics and historians, with movies selected based on the films popularity over time, historical significance, citizen Kane was voted the greatest American film twice. AFI operates two film festivals, AFI Fest in Los Angeles, and AFI Docs in Silver Spring, Maryland, AFI Fest is the American Film Institutes annual celebration of artistic excellence
American Film Institute
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American Film Institute
47.
Fun with Dick and Jane (2005 film)
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Fun with Dick and Jane is a 2005 American comedy film—a remake of the 1977 comedy film of the same name—that was directed by Dean Parisot, and written by Judd Apatow and Nicholas Stoller. It stars Jim Carrey and Téa Leoni as Dick and Jane Harper, Alec Baldwin, Richard Jenkins, Angie Harmon, John Michael Higgins, Richard Burgi, Carlos Jacott, Gloria Garayua and Stephnie Weir also star. James Whitmore appears in a cameo, his final film appearance. It was released by Columbia Pictures on December 21,2005, despite receiving mixed reviews from critics, the film grossed over $202 million at the global box office. In January 2000, Dick Harper has been promoted to Vice President of Communications for the media corporation Globodyne. As they speak, Globodynes stock value falls rapidly, it and its employees pensions, Dick arrives home, where his wife Jane tells him that she has quit her job as a travel agent after his promotion to spend more time with their son Billy. Dick breaks the news of the companys failure over the familys dinner, despite his attempts, Dick is unable to get another VP job, Jane tells him the couple face bankruptcy because their assets are composed entirely of now-worthless Globodyne stock. After accepting the prospect of being poor, Dick and Jane apply for low-paying jobs, Dick decides to rob a local convenience store but loses his nerve. After several failed attempts, they rob a head shop and they begin nightly robbing sprees and become more professional, they have soon stolen enough money to retire the mortgages on their house and car, both of which were about to be repossessed. For their final crime, Dick and Jane rob a bank, all goes as planned until another couple who used to work for Globodyne, Oz and Debbie Peterson. The Petersons are quickly arrested, Dick and Jane take advantage of the hysteria to evade the police, the Harpers decide to give up crime, but Dick finds he is to be indicted for his role in Globodynes demise. At the local bar, Dick encounters Frank Bascombe, the former CFO of Globodyne, Frank, who is about to go to prison after a failed attempt to expose McCallisters crimes, has received a $10 million bribe from McCallister in exchange for his silence. After learning about McCallisters scheme, Dick, Jane and Frank decide to take revenge, Frank tells them McCallister plans to transfer his $400 million in bearer bonds to an offshore account. Dick and Jane must intercept the transfer from inside the bank and substitute a fake form, McCallister checks the account number on his transfer and demands it is redone. Dick confronts McCallister and demands that he signs a blank check, knowing Dicks threats are empty, McCallister writes him a check for $100 and leaves the bank. Dick tells Jane that was his plan, Jane, an art major. The next day, McCallister is mobbed by reporters and former Globodyne employees, Dick appears, and as McCallisters vice president, hands him a prepared statement, which McCallister reads on live television. McCallister is shocked to announce that he has transferred $400 million to a trust fund to support Globodynes defunct pension plan in gratitude to his former employees
Fun with Dick and Jane (2005 film)
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Theatrical poster
48.
Imagine Entertainment
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Imagine Entertainment is an American film and television production company founded in 1986 by director Ron Howard and producer Brian Grazer. Brian Grazer and Ron Howard met in 1982 on Night Shift with Howard directing, then followed it up with working on 1984s Splash. Early on the company sealed a production and distribution deal with Universal Pictures expiring in November 1992, universals deal was to fund 50% of 30 films. The company had an IPO in 1986 at $8 for a package of one share, shares rose to $19.25 before falling in the stock market crash in 1987 to $2.25. A pay television broadcast agreement was made with Showtime, by May 1992, 48% of the stock was public traded and worth $9.375. The duo agreed to a new six deal with Universal while concurrently offering $9 a share to buy the companys public outstanding share to start a new company with its assets. If not they planned to leave the company at their contract expiration in November to start the new company anyway, Universal was providing the cash for the buy out for an equity stake in the new company. In 2000, the partnership partnered for TV series development with 20th Century Fox, in 2011, the company had three weak box office performers with The Dilemma, Cowboys & Aliens and Tower Heist. Because of their weak financial pact renewal with Universal in January 2012 and this also moves Imagine from exclusive to a first look deal. By 2013, Imagine was considering other funding methods for the films including crowdfunding for a Friday Night Lights movie. In November 2013, Michael Rosenberg was promoted to Co-chairman followed in December 2013 with Erica Huggins being promoted to his previous position of president. Industry insiders indicated in late January 2016 that a deal with Raine Group was in the works that would have Raine become a partner of the company while contributing $100 million. The feature-film division has participated in over sixty productions and is associated with Universal Pictures, Erica Huggins was hired as senior vice president of motion pictures and was elevated to exec vice president in 2006 then in 2010 to co-president of production. 2010 Robin Hood 2011 Take Me Home Tonight The Dilemma Cowboys & Aliens Restless Tower Heist J
Imagine Entertainment
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Co-founders Ron Howard and Brian Grazer at a Tribeca Film Festival panel on A Beautiful Mind
49.
Film editing
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Film editing is a creative and technical part of the post-production process of filmmaking. The term is derived from the process of working with film. The film editor works with the raw footage, selecting shots, Film editing is often referred to as the invisible art because when it is well-practiced, the viewer can become so engaged that he or she is not aware of the editors work. On its most fundamental level, film editing is the art, technique, the job of an editor is not simply to mechanically put pieces of a film together, cut off film slates, or edit dialogue scenes. Editors usually play a role in the making of a film. Sometimes, auteurist film directors edit their own films, for example, Akira Kurosawa, Bahram Beyzai, with the advent of digital editing, film editors and their assistants have become responsible for many areas of filmmaking that used to be the responsibility of others. For instance, in past years, picture editors dealt only with just that—picture, sound, music, and visual effects editors dealt with the practicalities of other aspects of the editing process, usually under the direction of the picture editor and director. However, digital systems have increasingly put these responsibilities on the picture editor and it is common, especially on lower budget films, for the editor to cut in music, mock up visual effects, and add sound effects or other sound replacements. These temporary elements are replaced with more refined final elements by the sound, music. Early films were films that were one long, static. Motion in the shot was all that was necessary to amuse an audience, there was no story and no editing. Each film ran as long as there was film in the camera, in the first shot, an elderly couple is outside an art exhibition having lunch and then follow other people inside through the door. The second shot shows what they do inside, one of the first films to use this technique, Georges Mélièss The Four Troublesome Heads from 1898, was produced with Pauls camera. There is then a cut to close shot of the hands on the girls foot shown inside a circular mask. Even more remarkable was James Williamsons Attack on a China Mission Station, an armed party of British sailors arrived and defeat the Boxers and rescue the missionarys family. The film used the first reverse angle cut in film history, James Williamson concentrated on making films taking action from one place shown in one shot to the next shown in another shot in films like Stop Thief. and Fire. Made in 1901, and many others and he also experimented with the close-up, and made perhaps the most extreme one of all in The Big Swallow, when his character approaches the camera and appears to swallow it. These two filmmakers of the Brighton School also pioneered the editing of the film, they tinted their work with color, by 1900, their films were extended scenes of up to 5 minutes long
Film editing
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A film editor at work in 1928
Film editing
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Screenshot from Scrooge, or, Marley's Ghost, the first film to feature multiple exposures.
Film editing
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Scene from The Great Train Robbery (1903), directed by Edwin Stanton Porter
Film editing
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The original editing machine: an upright Moviola.
50.
Film producer
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Film producers fill a variety of roles depending upon the type of producer. During the discovery stage, the producer has to find and acknowledge promising material, then, unless the film is supposed to be based on an original script, the producer has to find an appropriate screenwriter. For various reasons, producers cannot always supervise all of the production, in this case, the main producer may appoint executive producers, line producers, or unit production managers who represent the main producers interests. The producer has the last word on whether sounds or music have to be changed and they are in charge of selling the film or arranging distribution rights as well. The producers role can vary significantly from project to project, based on the circumstances and they generally are in charge of things like hiring staff, creating filming schedules, checking and approving locations, and much more. Producers are present in every genre of television and film. Although each genre might be different from each other, a producers role and job is the same throughout each. A producer from a program can be compared to a producer of a filmmaker despite how different each genre can be. Although the primary role of the producer can be compared to that of a filmmaker, the roles are very wide ranging, due to the fact that this occupation has gone through an enormous amount of stages and phases as time went on. Today, in most cases the roles range from supervising the editing process to hiring the main staff. The producer has an amount of power in every single aspect of the production process. They are never left out and are involved in every single stage of the production. There are times when a producer can try and find promising material to either a feature film or a television program. If a producer decides to do this, it is usually done in the discovery stage, the discovery stage is when a producer is actively looking for a variety of ideas, concepts, and/or promising scripts that he/she could make into a show and/or film. In this stage, a power may even stretch to gathering workers for the selected project. Even though a producer today can have a range of roles within the field. Within the industry, there are different types of producers who are only designated to specific roles such as controlling the staff. For example, to oversee and manage all aspects of production the role may be filled by the line producer
Film producer
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George Lucas is known for producing the Star Wars and Indiana Jones movies.
51.
Superman Returns
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Superman Returns is a 2006 American superhero film directed and produced by Bryan Singer. The film stars Brandon Routh as Clark Kent/Superman, Kate Bosworth as Lois Lane, Kevin Spacey as Lex Luthor, with James Marsden, Frank Langella, the film tells the story of the title character returning to Earth after a five-year absence. He finds that his love interest Lois Lane has moved on with her life, and that his archenemy Lex Luthor is plotting a scheme that will destroy Superman and the world. After a series of projects to resurrect Superman on screen following the critical failure and box office disappointment of Superman IV. Warner Bros. hired Bryan Singer to direct and develop Superman Returns in July 2004, upon release, Superman Returns received generally positive critical reviews, with critics praising its visual effects, story, musical score, and style. However, it received mixed reviews in years, with criticism focused on its length, story. While a box office success, Warner Bros. was disappointed with the box office return. A sequel was planned for a summer 2009 release, but the project was later canceled, the Superman film series was completely rebooted in 2013 with the film Man of Steel, directed by Zack Snyder and starring Henry Cavill as Superman. For five years, Superman has abandoned his home of Earth while on a journey to visit the remains of Krypton. His seemingly selfish decision has ruined his image in the eyes of many, including journalist Lois Lane, upon returning to Metropolis, Superman, in his human identity of Clark Kent, is shocked to discover the consequences of his disappearance. While covering the launch of a shuttle, he narrowly saves a plane carrying Lois and other observers from crashing after a mysterious power failure. Unbeknownst to anyone, the accident was triggered by Luthor using Kryptonian technology stolen from the Fortress of Solitude, Luthor has his aide Kitty distract Superman, allowing Lex to steal a sample of kryptonite from a museum. Suspecting his involvement, Lois requests an off-the-record interview aboard his private yacht, Jason has an asthmatic attack when Luthor reveals the kryptonite, but has no subsequent reaction when Luthor holds the stone near him. When one of Luthors henchmen threatens Lois, Jason crushes him with a piano, realizing that he is Supermans son, Luthor and his thugs escape by helicopter as the new landmass emerges from the ocean. While working to contain the damage to Metropolis, Superman learns from Richard that Lois is in danger and saves her, Superman tries to apprehend Luthor, but the kryptonite-poisoned atmosphere quickly strips him of his powers. Luthors men torture Superman into submission, before Luthor stabs Superman with a Kryptonite shard, with Richards help, Lois gets him to safety and removes the shard. Fueled by the radiation, Superman defeats Luthors gang and covers the landmass with soil. While helping Luthor escape, a disillusioned Kitty allows the helicopter to crash on a remote island, complications from Kryptonite exposure cause Superman to fall into a coma, and while doctors are able to remove most of the fragments, they cannot revive him
Superman Returns
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Theatrical release poster
Superman Returns
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A digital recreation of Marlon Brando in the film, as Jor-El.
Superman Returns
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The Superman Returns cast with members of the Red Bull Racing team.
52.
Warner Bros.
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Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan
Warner Bros.
Warner Bros.
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Warner Bros.
Warner Bros.
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Lobby card from Open Your Eyes (1919)
Warner Bros.
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Lobby card from The Beautiful and Damned (1922)
53.
House of the Rising Sun (film)
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House of the Rising Sun is a 2011 action drama film starring Dave Bautista. Filming took place in Grand Rapids, Michigan, the screenplay was written by Chuck Hustmyre and Brian A. Miller, based on Chuck Hustmyres novel of the same title. Ray Shane is a cop trying to turn his life around after spending 5 years in prison. He works as the head of security for The House of the Rising Sun, a strip club and illegal gambling den. During a night on the job, a masked gang hold him at gunpoint to rob the joint of $300,000, ending with the club owners son, Peter. When the police arrive, they suspect Ray led the robbery, Rays relationship with Jenny Porter is rocky following her regretful affair with the right-hand man of his boss, Tony, when he was imprisoned. Ray is enlisted by his boss Vinnie Marcella to track down his sons killers and that night, Tony and his partner, Joey, attack Ray at his motel. After escaping, Ray stays with Jenny at her apartment, although Tony attempts to him there. During their conversation, She tells Ray she became a girl only until his prison sentence ended. He forgives her and they make love, the next day, Ray meets with Charlie Blackstone, finding out Tony is planning to take over his boss Vinnies position. He gets more info from one of the only surviving shooters involved with the robbery, the shooter refuses to bear testimony, and Ray kills him when threatened by a gun. Tony meets with Vinnies older brother, Carlos, who Charlie works for, on the run, with the help of Jenny, Ray discovers Tony was involved in killing the shooters. Offended, Priscilla shoots Carlos dead, but Ray avoids a bullet and he informs Vinnie at his office they were both set up, with Tony framing Ray for the robbery and turning Vinnies brother Carlos against Vinnie to eventually take over the club. Tony shows up with the money to confirm it as truth, Tony is bitter that Carlos, who he worked with to build the company, handed it down to Vinnie, who vows revenge for the death of his son and betrayal before Tony kills him. With Tony offering $25,000, Rays former co-vice cop Jimmy shows up to him for Tony. Ray takes cover, but Jimmy is hit, and Tony takes off with the money, there, Jenny escapes with the money and tosses it to the strippers. In the parking lot, Ray fights Tony until the police arrive, when Tony shoots towards Jenny, the police shoot him down. Jenny pleads to the police that Ray is innocent, but her testimony is insufficient and they still arrest him, in the end, Jenny is able to kiss Ray for a final time before he is driven off back to prison
House of the Rising Sun (film)
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Theatrical release poster
54.
Crave (film)
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Crave is a 2012 American drama thriller film directed by Charles de Lauzirika. The film stars Josh Lawson as a man who retreats into a world that comes with deadly consequences. Crave had its premiere on July 24,2012 at the Fantasia International Film Festival and had a wider theatrical. Aiden is an underpaid and lonely freelance crime scene photographer who copes with the world around him by imagining himself as a hero who saves the day. His world is turned upside down when he meets Virginia, who breathes new life into his daily routine and this gives him the courage to make his daydreams into a reality, which comes with some negative repercussions as Aidens sense of justice might be considered warped. He accidentally kills Ravi, Virginias boyfriend, and by making it look as though a junky killed him makes the effort to gain Virginia. Dicks daughter, Isa Dick Hackett, encouraged Lauzirika to make a film before beginning the larger project. Lauzirika based part of Aidens relationship with Virginia upon his own experiences, which he made the movie a little more interesting. Josh Lawson was brought in to portray Aiden, which Lauzirika felt made the more human and likable. Furlong was not initially considered for the role of Ravi, but was hired upon the recommendation of the costume designer Oakley Stevenson. Crave was initially written and planned to be shot in New York City, Lauzirika had some initial hesitations over this shift, but later felt that the move was appropriate as Detroit was a good match for Aiden and was very photogenic. Throughout most of its festival run, critical reaction to the film was largely positive. Aint It Cool News said it was a remarkable first film, an excellent and assured directorial debut. Varietys less enthusiastic review said that Lauzirika’s accomplished debut feature is too funny and self-aware to be disturbing, fangoria called Crave the kind of tough, uncompromising character study that Hollywood used to turn out with regularity, and should be supported and treasured when it appears today. Bloody Disgusting gave the four stars and said, its like nothing Ive seen before. Shock Till You Drop gave a positive review, saying that it was a taut, twisted tale and that it was about all of us in a way. The Village Voice criticized Lawsons character as a jerk and didnt feel that his motivation for vigilantism was believable in comparison to anti-hero characters such as Falling Downs Foster. Collider opined that the movie does have a relatable and worthwhile issue worth exploring, twitch Film panned the movie overall, criticizing Furlong as the films weakest link while also stating that his character gave the reviewer his favorite moment of the film
Crave (film)
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Crave
55.
Love: Part Two
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Love Part Two is the fourth studio album by alternative rock band Angels & Airwaves, released November 11,2011 via the bands own label, To the Stars Records. It follows 2010s Love, and its release coincides with that of the bands Love feature film, the first single from the album and respective music video, Anxiety, was released on August 11,2011. Surrender impacted radio on January 31,2012, along with its predecessor, Love, Part Two is a concept album that explores themes such as love, God, and hope. He has also revealed that the studio album would be titled Love Part II. On April 9,2011, Delonge confirmed via Modcam that Love Part Two would be released on November 1,2011. Delonge has described the album as better than the first part of Love, the supporting tour for Love Part II took place in spring 2012. The first single to be released was Anxiety, which premiered following Love Live on August 10,2011, the music video for Anxiety was then released on YouTube on August 11,2011. On October 31,2011, the band released another song from Love Part II, Surrender was to be one of the main themes of WWEs WrestleMania 29 PPV event. However, Surrender was not featured in any WWE promotional material for WrestleMania beginning with the turn of the year and they both worked on the last 4 albums. This is also final album with Matt Wachter as he left the band to more time with his family. Awarded the album four out of five, heralding it as a welcome addition to the Angels and Airwaves discography and going on to say its a solid, catchy. According to MTV, the album entered the Billboard 200 charts at #30 with an estimated 16,000 sales, Surrender reached #35 on the US Alternative Songs chart. All lyrics written by Tom DeLonge, all composed by DeLonge, David Kennedy, Matt Wachter
Love: Part Two
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Love Part Two
56.
YouTube
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YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. As of February 2017, there are more than 400 hours of content uploaded to YouTube each minute, as of April 2017, the website is ranked as the second most popular site in the world by Alexa Internet, a web traffic analysis company. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day
YouTube
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From left to right: Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim
YouTube
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Screenshot of YouTube's homepage
YouTube
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YouTube's headquarters as of 2010 in San Bruno, California.
57.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
IMDb
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Internet Movie Database (IMDb)
58.
Vimeo
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Vimeo is a video-sharing website in which users can upload, share and view videos. It was the first video sharing site to support high-definition video, Vimeo was founded in November 2004 by Jake Lodwick and Zach Klein. Vimeo was founded in November 2004 by Jake Lodwick and Zach Klein, the name Vimeo was created by Lodwick, as a play on the words video and me. Vimeo is also an anagram of the word movie, IAC purchased Vimeo in August 2006, as part of its acquisition of Connected Ventures. In January 2009, Dae Mellencamp joined IAC as general manager of Vimeo and she served as CEO until March 19,2012, when Kerry Trainor joined Vimeo as CEO. As of December 2013, Vimeo attracts more than 100 million unique visitors per month, fifteen percent of Vimeo’s traffic comes from mobile devices. As of February 2013, Vimeo accounted for 0. 11% of all Internet bandwidth, following fellow video sharing sites YouTube, the community of Vimeo includes indie filmmakers and their fans. The Vimeo community has adopted the name Vimeans, meaning a member of the Vimeo community, usually one who is active, the White House posts high-definition versions of its broadcasts to Vimeo. Vimeo has helped to offload traffic from Improv Everywheres servers after new pranks are announced, Vimeo was also the original location of Noah Kalinas everyday video, a popular viral video. On July 21,2008, Vimeo announced that it would no longer allow gaming videos, Vimeo cited a few reasons, including that the unusually long duration of gaming videos was holding back transcoder wait times, existing gaming videos were deleted on September 1,2008. The ban was lifted in October 2014, until then, all new uploads were subject to the rule, but machinima videos with a story of their own were still permitted. On December 2,2015, Vimeo released an update which will see 4K streaming technology rolling out within the first quarter of 2016, the Vimeo app, available for iOS and Android allows for video playback and limited user account management. On October 9,2007, Vimeo announced support for high definition playback in 1280×720, uploaded HD videos were automatically converted into 720/30p VP6 Flash video. Since August 2010, all videos are encoded into H.264 for HTML5 support, all videos uploaded before were re-encoded. Non-Plus users can upload up to 500 MB of videos per week, non-HD videos re-encode at a maximum of 30 frame/s but suffer in general video image quality, which is inline with the low bitrate for videos in the 640×360 size. Usually the video content is re-encoded to bitrate below 0.5 Mbit/s and this is not enough to reproduce the fine details that can be captured from, e. g. a consumer video camera or a smartphone. Vimeo began its service with free accounts, limited to 20 MB of disk space weekly. This limit was raised to 30 MB in 2006, then to 250 MB in January 2007, in July 2006, Vimeo Plus launched for $44. 95/year
Vimeo
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Jakob Lodwick and Zach Klein, founders of Vimeo
Vimeo
59.
Virtual International Authority File
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The Virtual International Authority File is an international authority file. It is a joint project of national libraries and operated by the Online Computer Library Center. The project was initiated by the US Library of Congress, the German National Library, the National Library of France joined the project on October 5,2007. The project transitions to a service of the OCLC on April 4,2012, the aim is to link the national authority files to a single virtual authority file. In this file, identical records from the different data sets are linked together, a VIAF record receives a standard data number, contains the primary see and see also records from the original records, and refers to the original authority records. The data are available online and are available for research and data exchange. Reciprocal updating uses the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting protocol, the file numbers are also being added to Wikipedia biographical articles and are incorporated into Wikidata. VIAFs clustering algorithm is run every month, as more data are added from participating libraries, clusters of authority records may coalesce or split, leading to some fluctuation in the VIAF identifier of certain authority records
Virtual International Authority File
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Screenshot 2012
60.
Integrated Authority File
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The Integrated Authority File or GND is an international authority file for the organisation of personal names, subject headings and corporate bodies from catalogues. It is used mainly for documentation in libraries and increasingly also by archives, the GND is managed by the German National Library in cooperation with various regional library networks in German-speaking Europe and other partners. The GND falls under the Creative Commons Zero license, the GND specification provides a hierarchy of high-level entities and sub-classes, useful in library classification, and an approach to unambiguous identification of single elements. It also comprises an ontology intended for knowledge representation in the semantic web, available in the RDF format
Integrated Authority File
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GND screenshot
