1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Cover version
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A cover version can also refer to a rerecording of a song by the original artist or performers under a different record company. Originally, Billboard and other magazines that track the popularity of artists and hit tunes measured the sales success of the published tune. Later, they tracked the airplay that songs achieved, some versions being more successful recording than the original song. Before the onset of rock n roll in the 1950s, songs were published and several records of a song might be out by singers of the day. The Hendrix version, released six months after Dylans original, became a Top 10 single in the UK in 1968 and was ranked 48th in Rolling Stone magazines 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The term cover goes back decades when cover version originally described a version of a tune recorded to compete with the recently released version. The Chicago Tribune described the term in 1952, trade jargon meaning to record a tune that looks like a hit on someone elses label. Examples of records covered include Paul Williams 1949 hit tune The Hucklebuck, both crossed over to the popular Hit Parade and had numerous hit versions. In fact, one of the objects of publishing sheet music was to have a composition performed by as many artists as possible. In previous generations, some artists made very successful careers of presenting revivals or reworkings of once-popular tunes, musicians now play what they call cover versions of songs as a tribute to the original performer or group. Using familiar material is an important method of learning music styles, until the mid-1960s most albums, or long playing records, contained a large number of evergreens or standards to present a fuller range of the artists abilities and style. Artists might also perform interpretations of a favorite artists hit tunes for the pleasure of playing a familiar song or collection of tunes. A cover band plays cover versions exclusively. Some tribute acts salute the Who, The Rolling Stones and many classic rock acts. Many tribute acts target artists who remain popular but no longer perform, many tribute bands attempt to recreate another bands music as faithfully as possible, but some such bands introduce a twist. Dread Zeppelin performs reggae versions of the Zeppelin catalog and Beatallica creates heavy metal fusions of songs by the Beatles, there are also situations in which a member of a tribute band will go on to greater success, sometimes with the original act they tribute. One notable example is Tim Ripper Owens who, once the singer of Judas Priest tribute band British Steel. Cover acts or bands are entertainers who perform a variety of crowd-pleasing cover songs for audiences who enjoy the familiarity of hit songs
3.
Guns N' Roses
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Guns N Roses is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles formed in 1985. The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler. The current lineup consists of Rose, Slash, McKagan, keyboardists Dizzy Reed and Melissa Reese, guitarist Richard Fortus, the success of the debut was followed by the eight-song album G N R Lies which reached number two on the Billboard 200. The cover album The Spaghetti Incident. was the bands last studio album to feature Slash and it debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 but undersold industry expectations, despite mostly positive critical reception. Former members Slash and McKagan both rejoined the band in 2016, embarking on the Not in This Lifetime, Guns N Roses has been credited with reviving the mainstream popularity of rock n roll, at a time when popular music was dominated by dance music and glam metal. The bands classic lineup, along with later members Reed and drummer Matt Sorum, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012, in 1984, Hollywood Rose member Izzy Stradlin was living with L. A. Guns needed a new vocalist, Stradlin suggested Hollywood Rose singer Axl Rose, Guns N Roses was formed in March 1985 by Rose and rhythm guitarist Stradlin, along with lead guitarist Tracii Guns, bassist Ole Beich, and drummer Rob Gardner of L. A. Guns. The band coined its name by combining the names of both previous groups, rejected names for the band included Heads of Amazon and AIDS. After a short time, during which the band played two or three shows, Beich was fired and replaced by Duff McKagan. Tracii Guns left the band after an argument with Rose leading to his replacement by Rose and Stradlins one-time Hollywood Rose bandmate, Gardner quit soon after and was replaced by another former Hollywood Rose member, Steven Adler. Slash had also played with McKagan and Adler in Road Crew. In June 1985, four days after the lineup was finalized, through the bands increasing presence on the Hollywood club scene – playing famed bars such as The Troubadour and The Roxy – Guns N Roses drew the attention of major record labels. The group was signed by Geffen Records in March 1986, receiving a $75,000 advance. In December of that year, the released the four-song EP Live. *@ Like a Suicide. The EP contained covers of Rose Tattoos Nice Boys and Aerosmiths Mama Kin, although billed as a live recording, the four songs were taken from the bands demo tapes and overdubbed with crowd noise. Live. *@ Like a Suicide was released on the Geffen subsidiary Uzi Suicide, Guns N Roses debut album Appetite for Destruction was released July 21,1987. The band stated the artwork was a symbolic social statement. The revised cover was done by Andy Engell, based on a design by tattoo artist Bill White Jr. who had designed the artwork for a tattoo Rose had acquired the previous year, the artwork featured each of the five band members skulls layered on a cross
4.
Record Plant
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The Record Plant was a series of three famous recording studios which were founded by Gary Kellgren and Chris Stone, beginning in New York City in 1968. The next year, Kellgren and Stone opened a studio in Los Angeles. In 1972, the company expanded again with a location in Sausalito. Kellgren died in 1977, and in the 1980s, the New York and Sausalito studios ended up under different ownership, the New York studio closed in 1987 and the Sausalito studio closed in 2008. The Los Angeles studio continues in business as the Record Plant, the Record Plant in New York was the first studio to give the recording artist a comfortable, casual environment rather than the clinical setting that was the norm through the 1960s. Kellgren and Stone brought this same vision to their Los Angeles, Stone later said of Kellgren, He single-handedly was responsible for changing studios from what they were—fluorescent lights, white walls and hardwood floors—to the living rooms that they are today. In late 1967, Chris Stone was introduced to Kellgren because Kellgrens wife Marta was seven months pregnant, scared of the upcoming birth, mutual friends thought that the two couples could talk about being parents and ease Martas worry. Though they were opposed in nature, with Stone all business and Kellgren very creative. Seeing him at work, Stone determined that Kellgren was not making use of his genius for making recordings. Stone noticed that the studio was charging its clients $5,000 per week. Stone suggested Kellgren ask for a raise, and soon he was making $1,000 per week, Stone held an MBA from the UCLA Anderson School of Management and was at that time employed as the national sales representative of Revlon cosmetics. Stone convinced Kellgren that the two of them, with $100,000 borrowed from Johanna C. C, ancky Revson Johnson, could start a new recording studio, one with a better atmosphere for creativity. Johnson was a model who became the second wife of Revlon founder Charles Revson, then divorced and married Ben Johnson. In early 1968 Kellgren and Stone began building a 12-track studio at 321 West 44th Street and it opened on March 13,1968. When The Jimi Hendrix Experience arrived at the studio, Kellgren engineered the first few dates until Eddie Kramer, in 1969, Kellgren and Stone sold the New York operation to TeleVision Communications, a cable television company that was broadening its portfolio. The purpose of the sale was to gain cash for expansion into Los Angeles with a second studio, the next big mixing assignment that the studio accepted was to mix the tracks recorded at the Woodstock Festival. These took more than a month to sort out in the studio, as recording conditions had been primitive, in 1970, Studio A became the first recording studio designed for mixing quadraphonic sound. On August 1,1971, the studio made its first remote recordings at The Concert for Bangladesh, in January 1972, Warner Communications bought the facility from TVC
5.
Hard rock
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Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. It is typified by a use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums. Hard rock developed into a form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as The Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC. During the 1980s, some rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock. Hard rock began losing popularity with the success of R&B, hip-hop, urban pop, grunge. Out of this movement came garage rock bands like The White Stripes, The Strokes, Interpol and, later on, in the 2000s, only a few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music, the electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong drum and a backbeat on snare. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice. In the late 1960s, the heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock. Heavy metal took on darker characteristics after Black Sabbaths breakthrough at the beginning of the 1970s, in the 1980s it developed a number of subgenres, often termed extreme metal, some of which were influenced by hardcore punk, and which further differentiated the two styles. Despite this differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have existed side by side, with bands frequently standing on the boundary of, other antecedents include Link Wrays instrumental Rumble in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as Lets Go Trippin and Misirlou. In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming. From the late 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from rock and was played louder. Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Cream, in songs like I Feel Free combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock, from 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group
6.
Geffen Records
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Geffen Records is an American major record label, owned by Universal Music Group, which operates as one third of the Interscope Geffen A&M Records label. On March 23,2017, Billboard. com announced the label was relaunching with longtime A&R Neil Jacobson as President, Geffen Records was started in 1980 by music industry businessman David Geffen who, in the early 1970s, had founded Asylum Records. Geffen stepped down from Asylum in 1975, when he crossed over to film and was named a vice-president of Warner Bros and he was fired from Warner circa 1978, but remained locked in a 5-year contract, which prevented him from working elsewhere. He returned to work in 1980 and struck a deal with Warner Bros. Records to create Geffen Records, profits were split 50/50 between Geffen and the respective distributors. Geffen Records first artist was disco superstar Donna Summer, whose gold-selling album The Wanderer became the labels first release in 1980, the label followed it up with Double Fantasy by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. It was Lennons first new album since 1975, two weeks after it entered the charts, Lennon was murdered in New York City. As the 1980s progressed, Geffen would go on to have success with acts as Kylie Minogue, Enya, Quarterflash, Oxo, Asia, Wang Chung. This prompted Geffen to create a label, DGC Records in 1990. Geffen also distributed the first incarnation of Def American Recordings through Warner Bros. from 1988 to 1990, after a decade of operating through Warner, when its contract with the company expired, the label was sold to MCA Music Entertainment in 1990. The deal ultimately earned David Geffen an estimated US$800 million in stock, following the sale, Geffen Records operated as one of MCAs leading independently managed labels. Geffen Records would distribute releases on the new operations DreamWorks Records subsidiary, Universal Music Group acquired PolyGram in 1999, resulting in a corporate reorganization of labels. Geffen Records, along with A&M Records, was merged into Interscope Records. Although Geffen would continue to exist as a brand, it was downsized to fit into the expansion of Interscope. At the same time, international distribution of Interscope and Geffen releases switched to ex-PolyGram label Polydor Records, meanwhile, DreamWorks Records also folded, with artists such as Nelly Furtado, Lifehouse and Rufus Wainwright being absorbed by Geffen as well. During this time, DGC Records was also folded into Geffen, at the end of 2007, however, Geffen was absorbed further into Interscope, laying off sixty employees. In 2009, it was announced that Geffen Records had signed an agreement with the Holy See to produce an album of Marian songs, jimmy Iovine relaunched the Geffen imprint in 2011, moving its headquarters from California to New York City
7.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
8.
Duff McKagan
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Michael Andrew Duff McKagan is an American musician, singer, songwriter and author. He is best known for his tenure as the bass guitarist of the hard rock band Guns N Roses, with whom he achieved worldwide success in the late 1980s. McKagan rejoined the band in 2016, following their induction into the Rock, towards the end of his first tenure with Guns N Roses, McKagan released a solo album, Believe in Me, and formed the short-lived supergroup Neurotic Outsiders. Between 2002 and 2008, he played bass in the supergroup Velvet Revolver with his former Guns N Roses bandmates Slash and he briefly performed with Janes Addiction in 2010 and joined the supergroup Hollywood Vampires in 2016. In addition to his career, McKagan has established himself as a writer. He has written columns on a wide variety of topics for SeattleWeekly. com, Playboy. com. A former high school drop-out, he attended Seattle Universitys Albers School of Business and Economics in the early 2000s and he was a high school honor student, but dropped out early to pursue a career in music. Michael Andrew McKagan grew up in Seattles largely working-class University District and he has been called Duff since toddlerhood, to which he once referred as an Irish thing. Following his parents divorce, his mother supported the family by taking a job as a medical stenographer and he was taught how to play bass by his brother Bruce, further developing his skills by playing along with the albums 1999 by Prince and Damaged by Black Flag. In his autobiography, Its So Easy, McKagan said he was influenced by bass driven bands such as that of Barry Adamson in Magazine, although an honors student, McKagan dropped out of Roosevelt High School in the tenth grade. He then worked as a chef for the Great American Food. He was later awarded a diploma after speaking at the class of 2012s graduation ceremony. In 1979, at the age of 15, McKagan formed the band the Vains, in which he played bass. During this time, he played guitar in the punk band the Living. In 1980, McKagan joined the band the Fastbacks as their drummer. In 1982, McKagan became the drummer for the punk band The Fartz, with whom he recorded several demos, five of which were included on their 1990 album You. After several line-up changes, The Fartz evolved into the post-punk band 10 Minute Warning, in 1983, McKagan moved to Los Angeles, California, with one of his brothers where he found work as an appetizer server at a Black Angus restaurant in Northridge. Answering an ad for a bass guitarist in a newspaper, he met guitarist Slash and drummer Steven Adler
9.
Use Your Illusion II
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Use Your Illusion II is the fourth studio album by the American hard rock band Guns N Roses. It was one of the two released in conjunction with the Use Your Illusion Tour, along with Use Your Illusion I. As of 2010, Use Your Illusion II has sold 5,587,000 units in the U. S. according to Nielsen SoundScan, both albums have since been certified 7× Platinum by the RIAA. It was also No.1 on the UK Albums Chart for a single week and it is the last Guns N Roses album to feature rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin. It also included the last Guns N Roses song to feature drummer Steven Adler, the Use Your Illusion albums were a stylistic turning point for Guns N Roses. The thematic material deals less with drug use than previous Guns N Roses albums, Use Your Illusion I featured mostly songs pre-Appetite for Destruction while Use Your Illusion II featured more tracks written during and after Appetite For Destruction. The bands cover of Knockin on Heavens Door had been released almost a year earlier on the Days of Thunder soundtrack and that concert also featured Guns N Roses playing a cover of the U. K. Subs song Down on the Farm, a version of which would later appear on the bands 1993 release of cover songs. Civil War was released as a B-side to You Could Be Mine, the song had also been released on a charity album called Nobodys Child, a fund-raising compilation for Romanian orphans. You Could Be Mine was released in June 1991 and is featured in the film Terminator 2, the song was not released on the actual soundtrack. The band also filmed a video featuring Arnold Schwarzenegger in character as the Terminator, however, he is saved from termination as he is deemed a waste of ammo by the T-800s lock-on system. The original subject matter of the song dealt with Izzy Stradlins failed relationship with ex-girlfriend Angela Nicoletti, the Use Your Illusion albums can be considered a single cohesive work, and certain elements of Use Your Illusion II underscore this intent. For instance, both albums have a version of the song Dont Cry, and both have one song, Live and Let Die by Paul McCartney and Knockin on Heavens Door by Bob Dylan. The song Get in the Ring finds the band lashing out at a worth of critics. Among those referred to by name are editors of several entertainment magazines, the industrial flavored My World, the final track, was written and recorded in three hours, with Rose claiming those in the recording room were on mushrooms at the time. To achieve the final mix of the album, the band had some difficulty, Slash has stated that most of the material for the album was written on acoustic guitars in a couple of nights at his house, after several months of non-productivity. The song Locomotive was written in a house Slash and Izzy Stradlin rented in the Hollywood Hills following the Appetite for Destruction tours, the song shows the group dabbling in funk metal. The cover art of both Use Your Illusion albums is a detail of Raphaels painting The School of Athens, the highlighted figure, unlike many of those in the painting, has not been identified with any particular philosopher
10.
Chinese Democracy
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Chinese Democracy is the sixth studio album by American hard rock band Guns N Roses. It was released on November 23,2008, by Geffen Records, although it debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 and was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, Chinese Democracy domestically undersold expectations. It received generally favorable reviews from music critics, the album achieved international chart success and has sold over one million copies in Europe. In 1994, Guns N Roses progress on a follow-up to The Spaghetti Incident. was halted due to differences between members of the band. Slash, Duff McKagan, Matt Sorum, and Gilby Clarke all resigned or were fired from the band in the mid-1990s, lead singer Axl Rose and keyboardist Dizzy Reed were the only members from the previous lineup remaining by the time production had started. A new lineup, consisting of Rose, Reed, guitarists Robin Finck and Paul Tobias, bassist Tommy Stinson, drummer Josh Freese, initially intended to be released in 1999 or 2000, the album was re-recorded completely in 2000. The album was worked on by multiple lineups of the band, including later members Bryan Mantia, Buckethead, Richard Fortus, Ron Bumblefoot Thal, personnel and legal reasons, as well as Roses alleged perfectionism, caused the album to be delayed multiple times. The album missed an announced March 2007 release date, before being released in November 2008, with production costs reportedly eclipsing $13 million, the album is the most expensive rock album ever produced. Guns N Roses began to write and record new music in 1994. Bassist Duff McKagan said the band was so stoned at that point that nothing got finished, guitarist Slash criticized Axl Rose for making the band seem like a dictatorship. Rose later stated about the dysfunction of the group at the time, since none of that happened, thats the reason why that material got scrapped. Roses childhood friend and Hollywood Rose collaborator Paul Tobias was brought in to replace Gilby Clarke, due to creative differences with Rose and personal problems with Tobias, Slash quit the band in 1996. McKagan left soon after and Sorum was fired in 1997, Slash was replaced by Nine Inch Nails touring guitarist Robin Finck, ex-Replacements bassist Tommy Stinson replaced McKagan, and Josh Freese joined as the drummer. During this time, Geffen paid Rose $1 million to try to finish the album, by August 1999, the band had recorded over 30 songs for the album, tentatively titled 2000 Intentions. It could also just be like an ironic statement, I dont know, I just like the sound of it. Rose also mentioned the album would feature lot of different sounds, theres some heavy songs, theres a lot of aggressive songs, but theyre all in different styles and different sounds. It is truly a melting pot, in 1999, the industrial metal song Oh My God was released on the soundtrack of the movie End of Days and played over the movies end credits. It featured Axl Rose, Paul Tobias, Tommy Stinson, Dizzy Reed, Chris Pitman, Dave Navarro and Gary Sunshine also recorded guitar parts for the song
11.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
12.
Ain't It Fun (The Dead Boys song)
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Aint It Fun is a song written by Peter Laughner and Gene OConnor and performed by their protopunk band Rocket from the Tombs. The song was first released by OConnors later group, The Dead Boys, the song was later covered by the American rock band Guns N Roses for their 1993 cover album The Spaghetti Incident. It was also released as a single and was included on the Guns N Roses Greatest Hits compilation in 2004, michael Monroe from Hanoi Rocks featured in the song on vocals. When Rocket from the Tombs reunited in 2003, they recorded the song and released it on their debut album, rollins Band also covered the song for their album A Nicer Shade of Red. The Lords of Altamont covered the song on their 2011 album Midnight to 666, cheetah Chrome, A Dead Boys Tale, From the Front Lines of Punk Rock
13.
Since I Don't Have You
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Since I Dont Have You is a song written and composed by Jackie Taylor, James Beaumont, Janet Vogel, Joseph Rock, Joe Verscharen, Lennie Martin, and Wally Lester. It was a 1958 hit single for the group the Skyliners on the Billboard Hot 100. Country music singer Ronnie Milsap had a hit with the song in 1991, Guns N Roses also had some success in 1994 with their top ten hit cover on the UK Singles Chart. Taken from their album and released in late 1958, the single reached number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. It was also a top five hit on the 1959 R&B chart and it was highlighted by lead singer Jimmy Beaumonts powerful vocals, and the counterpoint between his falsetto and Janet Vogels soprano, on her final chorus. Don McLeans 1981 rendition, reaching number 23 on the Billboard Hot 100, is the version to come closest to the success of the Skyliners original in the USA. It was a major Adult Contemporary hit, reaching number six in the U. S. Country music artist Ronnie Milsaps version was a number 6 hit on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in 1991. The single was taken from his album Back to the Grindstone and it was produced by Milsap, Rob Galbraith, and Richard Landis. This song was covered by the rock band Guns N Roses on their album and this was Guns N Roses 18th single release overall, and the third single lifted from The Spaghetti Incident. The single was released in mid-1994 and it reached #69 on the Hot 100 and was a top 10 hit in the UK. The music video featured actor Gary Oldman – then a popular casting choice for Hollywood villains – as a demon who is constantly mocking singer Axl Rose. The video was the last to feature original members Duff McKagan and Slash, as well as drummer Matt Sorum and it is also the last music video released under the Guns N Roses name. W. Spiral Starecase released a version of the song on their 1969 debut album, in the UK, Art Garfunkel reached #38 in July 1979. In 1994, the song was incorporated into the first Broadway revival of Grease as a solo for Sandy, near the end of the first act, subsequent versions of the musical have not included the song. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
14.
Hair of the Dog (song)
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Hair of the Dog is the title track of Nazareths 1975 album Hair of the Dog. It is sometimes called Son of a Bitch because of the lyric in the hook. The song is about a charming and manipulative woman who can get men to acquiesce to her every need, the singer is letting her know that she has met her match in him, a self-described son of a bitch. Hair of the Dog uses a talk box extensively during its bridge, the songs title, which does not appear in the lyrics, is a pun. The song has been covered by many bands, guns N Roses recorded it on their 1993 album The Spaghetti Incident. This version features the guitar riff from the Beatles Day Tripper as a gag at the end. The song is on the Britny Fox album Boys in Heat, stone Rider covered the song on their 2008 album Three Legs of Trouble. It has also covered by Deep Purple, The Michael Schenker Group. The original version of the song is featured in the video game Grand Theft Auto IV, The Lost, the song was also used in The CW show Supernatural in a Season 2 promotional advertisement. No No No. features a sample of the songs guitar riff. The band is given a credit for the sample. On January 26,2010, a re-recording of the song was released as content for the rhythm video game Rock Band 2. In 2014, the song was used in the film, Dumb and Dumber To, in the US, this was used in a TV commercial for Dodge. On November 14,2006 the original version of the song appeared in Season 1, dan McCafferty – vocals, talk box Manny Charlton – guitars, synthesizer Pete Agnew – bass guitar, backing vocals Darrell Sweet – drums, cowbell, tambourine, backing vocals W
15.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
16.
Robert Christgau
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Robert Thomas Christgau is an American essayist, music journalist, and self-proclaimed Dean of American Rock Critics. One of the earliest professional rock critics, he spent 37 years as the music critic and senior editor for The Village Voice. He has also covered popular music for Esquire, Creem, Newsday, Playboy, Rolling Stone, Billboard, NPR, Blender, and MSN Music, and is a visiting arts teacher at New York University. Christgau is known for his terse capsule reviews, first published in his Consumer Guide columns during his tenure at The Village Voice from 1969 to 2006 and he has written three books based on those columns, along with two collections of essays. He continued writing capsule reviews in MSN Music, Cuepoint, Christgau was born in Greenwich Village and grew up in Queens, the son of a fireman. He has said he became a rock and roll fan when disc jockey Alan Freed moved to the city in 1954. After attending a school in New York City, he left New York for four years to attend Dartmouth College. While at college his musical interests turned to jazz, but he returned to rock after moving back to New York. Christgau has said that Miles Davis 1960 album Sketches of Spain initiated in him one phase of the disillusionment with jazz that resulted in my return to rock and he was deeply influenced by New Journalism writers such as Gay Talese and Tom Wolfe. My ambitions when I went into journalism were always, to an extent, literary, Christgau initially wrote short stories, before giving up fiction in 1964 to become a sportswriter, and later, a police reporter for the Newark Star-Ledger. He became a writer after a story he wrote about the death of a woman in New Jersey was published by New York magazine. He was asked to take over the dormant music column at Esquire, after Esquire discontinued the column, Christgau moved to The Village Voice in 1969, and he also worked as a college professor. In early 1972, he accepted a job as music critic for Newsday. Christgau returned to the Village Voice in 1974 as music editor and he remained there until August 2006, when he was fired shortly after the papers acquisition by New Times Media. Two months later, Christgau became an editor at Rolling Stone. Late in 2007, Christgau was fired by Rolling Stone, although he continued to work for the magazine for three months. Starting with the March 2008 issue, he joined Blender, where he was listed as senior critic for three issues and then contributing editor, Christgau had been a regular contributor to Blender before he joined Rolling Stone. He continued to write for Blender until the magazine ceased publication in March 2009, in 1987, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in the field of Folklore and Popular Culture to study the history of popular music
17.
Entertainment Weekly
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Entertainment Weekly is an American magazine, published by Time Inc. that covers film, television, music, Broadway theatre, books and popular culture. Different from celebrity-focused publications like Us Weekly, People, and In Touch Weekly, EW primarily concentrates on entertainment media news, however, unlike Variety and The Hollywood Reporter, which are aimed at industry insiders, EW targets a more general audience. The first issue was published on February 16,1990, the cover price was $1.95 The title word entertainment was not capitalized on the cover until mid-1992 and has remained so since. By 2003, the weekly circulation averaged 1.7 million copies per week. In March 2006, managing editor Rick Tetzeli oversaw an overhaul of EWs graphics, Entertainment Weekly follows a typical magazine format by featuring a letters to the editor and table of contents in the first few pages, while also featuring advertisements. While many advertisements are unrelated to the entertainment industry, the majority of ads are typically related to up-and-coming television and these beginning articles open the magazine and as a rule focus on current events in pop culture. First Look, subtitled An early peek at some of Hollywoods coolest projects, is a spread with behind-the-scenes or publicity stills of upcoming movies. The Hit List, written each week by critic Scott Brown, highlights ten major events, Typically, there will be some continuity to the commentaries. This column was written by Jim Mullen and featured twenty events each week. The Hollywood Insider is a section that reports breaking news in entertainment. It gives details, in the columns, on the most-current news in television, movie. The Style Report is a section devoted to celebrity style. Because its focus is on celebrity fashion or lifestyle, it is rich in nature. Recently, the converted to a new format, five pictures of celebrity fashions for the week. A spin-off section, Style Hunter, which finds reader-requested articles of clothing or accessories that have appeared in pop culture recently, appears frequently. The Monitor is a two-page spread devoted to events in celebrity lives with small paragraphs highlighting events such as weddings, illnesses, arrests, court appearances. Deaths of major celebrities are typically detailed in a one-half- or full-page obituary titled Legacy and this feature is nearly identical to sister publication Peoples Passages feature. Harris column focuses on analyzing current popular-culture events, and is generally the most serious of the columns, harris has written about the writers strike and the 2008 presidential election, among other topics
18.
NME
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New Musical Express is a British music journalism magazine published since 1952. It was the first British paper to include a singles chart, in the 1970s it became the best-selling British music newspaper. It started as a newspaper, and gradually moved toward a magazine format during the 1980s and 1990s. An online version of NME, NME. com, was launched in 1996 and it became the worlds biggest standalone music site, with over seven million users per month. With newsstand sales falling across the UK magazine sector, the paid circulation in the first half of 2014 was 15,830. In 2013, the list of NMEs The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, NME magazine was relaunched in September 2015 as a nationally distributed free publication. NMEs headquarters are in Southwark, London, England, the brands editor-in-chief is Mike Williams, who replaced Krissi Murison in 2012. The paper was established in 1952, the Accordion Times and Musical Express was bought by London music promoter Maurice Kinn, for the sum of £1,000, just 15 minutes before it was due to be officially closed. It was relaunched as the New Musical Express, and was published in a non-glossy tabloid format on standard newsprint. On 14 November 1952, taking its cue from the US magazine Billboard, it created the first UK Singles Chart, the first of these was, in contrast to more recent charts, a top twelve sourced by the magazine itself from sales in regional stores around the UK. The first number one was Here in My Heart by Al Martino, during the 1960s the paper championed the new British groups emerging at the time. The NME circulation peaked under Andy Gray, Editor 1957–1972, with a figure of 306,881 for the period from January to June 1964, the Beatles and the Rolling Stones were frequently featured on the front cover. These and other artists appeared at the NME Poll Winners Concert. The concert also featured a ceremony where the winners would collect their awards. The NME Poll Winners Concerts took place between 1959 and 1972, from 1964 onwards they were filmed, edited and transmitted on British television a few weeks after they had taken place. The latter part of the 1960s saw the chart the rise of psychedelia. During this period some sections of pop music began to be designated as rock, in early 1972 the paper found itself on the verge of closure by its owner IPC. Alan Smith was made editor and in 1972 was told by IPC to turn things around quickly or face closure, according to The Economist, the New Musical Express started to champion underground, up-and-coming music. NME became the gateway to a more rebellious world
19.
Q (magazine)
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Q is a popular music magazine published monthly in the United Kingdom. Q was first published by the EMAP media group in October 1986, setting apart from much of the other music press with monthly production and higher standards of photography. In the early years, the magazine was sub-titled The modern guide to music, originally it was to be called Cue, but the name was changed so that it wouldnt be mistaken for a snooker magazine. Another reason, cited in Qs 200th edition, is that a title would be more prominent on newsstands. In January 2008 EMAP sold its consumer titles, including Q. The magazine has a review section, featuring, new releases, reissues, music compilations, film and live concert reviews, as well as radio. It uses a system from one to five stars, indeed. While its content is non-free they host an archive of all of their magazine covers, much of the magazine is devoted to interviews with popular musical artists. It is well known for compiling lists and it has created many, ranging from The 100 Greatest albums to the 100 Greatest 100 Greatest Lists. Every other month, Q — and its magazine, Mojo — have a special edition. These have been about musical times, genres, or a very important/influential musician, often, promotional gifts are given away, such as cover-mounted CDs or books. The January 2006 issue included a copy of The Greatest Rock. Every issue of Q has a different message on the spine, readers then try to work out what the message has to do with the contents of the mag. This practice — known as the spine line — has since become commonplace among British lifestyle magazines, including Qs sister publication, Empire, on 4 March 2007, Q named Elvis Presley the greatest singer of all time. The magazine has a relationship with the Glastonbury Festival, producing both a free daily newspaper on site during the festival and a review magazine available at the end of the festival. In late 2008 Q revamped its image, with an amount of text. This Rolling Stone-isation has led to criticism from much of the traditional Q readership, in 2006, Q published a readers survey, the 100 Greatest Songs Ever, won by Oasis Live Forever. Q has a history of associating with charitable organisations, and in 2006 the British anti-poverty charity War on Want was named its official charity, in the April 2007 issue, Q published an article containing the 100 Greatest Singers, won by Elvis Presley
20.
Rolling Stone
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Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors
21.
Spin (magazine)
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Spin is an American music magazine founded in 1985 by publisher Bob Guccione, Jr. The magazine stopped running in print in 2012 and currently runs as a webzine, in its early years, the magazine was known for its broad music coverage with an emphasis on college rock, grunge, indie rock, and the ongoing emergence of hip-hop. The magazine was eclectic and bold, if sometimes haphazard and it pointedly provided a national alternative to Rolling Stones more establishment-oriented style. Spin prominently placed newer artists such as R. E. M, Spins extensive coverage of hip-hop music and culture, especially that of contributing editor John Leland, was notable at the time. Editorial contributions by musical and cultural figures included Lydia Lunch, Henry Rollins, David Lee Roth, the magazine also reported on cities such as Austin, Texas, or Glasgow, Scotland, as cultural incubators in the independent music scene. A1990 article on the country blues scene brought R. L. Burnside to national attention for the first time. During this time, it was published by Camouflage Associates, in 1997, Guccione sold Spin to Miller Publishing. In February 2006, Miller Publishing sold the magazine to a San Francisco-based company called the McEvoy Group LLC and that company formed Spin Media LLC as a holding company. The new owners replaced editor-in-chief Sia Michel with Andy Pemberton, an editor at Blender. The first issue to be published under his command was the July 2006 issue—sent to the printer in May 2006—which featured Beyoncé on the cover. Pemberton and Spin parted ways the next month, in June 2006, the following editor, Doug Brod, was executive editor during Michels tenure. For Spins 20th anniversary, it published a book chronicling the prior two decades in music. The book has essays on grunge, Britpop, and emo, among other genres of music, as well as pieces on musical acts including Marilyn Manson, Tupac Shakur, nirvana, Weezer, Nine Inch Nails, Limp Bizkit, and the Smashing Pumpkins. In July 2012, Spin was sold to Buzzmedia, which renamed itself SpinMedia. The September/October 2012 issue of Spin was the magazines last print edition, in December 2016, Eldridge Industries acquired SpinMedia via the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group for an undisclosed amount. In 1995, Spin produced its first book, entitled Spin Alternative Record Guide, although the book was not a sales success, it inspired a disproportionate number of young readers to pursue music criticism. Notable contributors to Spin have included, SPIN began compiling year-end lists in 1990, note, The 2000 album of the year was awarded to your hard drive, acknowledging the impact that filesharing had on the music listening experience in 2000. Kid A was listed as number 2, the highest ranking given to an actual album,1994 roadside attack on Spin magazine journalists Anon
22.
Cover song
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A cover version can also refer to a rerecording of a song by the original artist or performers under a different record company. Originally, Billboard and other magazines that track the popularity of artists and hit tunes measured the sales success of the published tune. Later, they tracked the airplay that songs achieved, some versions being more successful recording than the original song. Before the onset of rock n roll in the 1950s, songs were published and several records of a song might be out by singers of the day. The Hendrix version, released six months after Dylans original, became a Top 10 single in the UK in 1968 and was ranked 48th in Rolling Stone magazines 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The term cover goes back decades when cover version originally described a version of a tune recorded to compete with the recently released version. The Chicago Tribune described the term in 1952, trade jargon meaning to record a tune that looks like a hit on someone elses label. Examples of records covered include Paul Williams 1949 hit tune The Hucklebuck, both crossed over to the popular Hit Parade and had numerous hit versions. In fact, one of the objects of publishing sheet music was to have a composition performed by as many artists as possible. In previous generations, some artists made very successful careers of presenting revivals or reworkings of once-popular tunes, musicians now play what they call cover versions of songs as a tribute to the original performer or group. Using familiar material is an important method of learning music styles, until the mid-1960s most albums, or long playing records, contained a large number of evergreens or standards to present a fuller range of the artists abilities and style. Artists might also perform interpretations of a favorite artists hit tunes for the pleasure of playing a familiar song or collection of tunes. A cover band plays cover versions exclusively. Some tribute acts salute the Who, The Rolling Stones and many classic rock acts. Many tribute acts target artists who remain popular but no longer perform, many tribute bands attempt to recreate another bands music as faithfully as possible, but some such bands introduce a twist. Dread Zeppelin performs reggae versions of the Zeppelin catalog and Beatallica creates heavy metal fusions of songs by the Beatles, there are also situations in which a member of a tribute band will go on to greater success, sometimes with the original act they tribute. One notable example is Tim Ripper Owens who, once the singer of Judas Priest tribute band British Steel. Cover acts or bands are entertainers who perform a variety of crowd-pleasing cover songs for audiences who enjoy the familiarity of hit songs
23.
Punk rock
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Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
24.
Gilby Clarke
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Clarkes production work includes albums by L. A. Guns, Bullets and Octane, The Bronx and Vains of Jenna. Gilby Clarke started his career during the first half of the Eighties, replacing Candys original guitarist, Geoff Siegel. Gilby eventually replaced the lead vocalist and penned several unreleased fan favorites including. The bands MTV played video of Whatever Happened to Fun. was a bridge between the Beatles A Hard Days Night and Michael Jacksons Billie Jean. The album produced numerous L. A. anthems such as American Kix and he left them to form Kill for Thrills, a metal band which released the EP Commercial Suicide and the LP Dynamite from Nightmareland and before eventually disbanding. Kill for Thrills was a supergroup of sorts with Jason Nesmith on Guitar, Muscat is also the brother of Brent Muscat. All members have roots in the Los Angeles rock scene. His first show with the band was December 5,1991 in Worchester, during many shows throughout the tour, Rose introduced Clarke and had him play Wild Horses, a Rolling Stones cover with Slash. On November 23,1993, Guns N Roses released a collection of punk, where many of the tracks were recorded with original Guns N Roses guitarist Izzy Stradlin during the Use Your Illusion I and II sessions and then were later re-recorded by Clarke. Gilby Clarkes contract was not renewed and he was gone from the band by 1995, Slash stated in his book that Rose fired Clarke without consulting anyone, claiming he was only a hired hand. Clarke was not involved in the recording of Sympathy for the Devil, officially I was in the band at that time, and they did that song without me. Clarke also mentioned that before the show of the Use Your Illusion Tour, Rose came up to him and told him Hey. Clarke later sued the band over the use of his likeness in Guns N Roses Pinball, Clarkes only other appearances on a Guns N Roses release would be on the live and compilation albums Live Era 87–93 and Greatest Hits. Clarke is featured on Guns N Roses video releases Use Your Illusion I, Use Your Illusion II, Clarke and Alice in Chains bassist Mike Inez soon started to come around to jam with them. They eventually recorded twelve demo songs, eric Dover, live guitarist for Jellyfish, successfully auditioned to become the groups singer. Slash and Dover wrote the lyrics for all the tracks, except Monkey Chow which was contributed by Clarke, the album was released by Geffen Records in February 1995 charting at No.70 on the Billboard 200. With Guns N Roses regrouping to record a new album, Snakepit disbanded with Clarke resuming his solo career, in 1994, he released his debut solo album Pawnshop Guitars on Virgin Records which featured contributions from several of his close friends. Ryan Roxie on guitar, Will Effertz on Bass and Marc Danzeisen Drums and backing vocals, since then he has released another three solo albums, The Hangover, Rubber and 2002s Swag as well as the live album 99 Live
25.
Izzy Stradlin
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Jeffrey Dean Isbell, best known as Izzy Stradlin, is an American guitarist, singer and songwriter. He is best known as the co-founder and former rhythm guitarist of the rock band Guns N Roses, which he left at the height of their fame in 1991. Following his departure from Guns N Roses, Stradlin fronted his own rock band Izzy Stradlin and he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N Roses in 2012. Stradlin was born as Jeffrey Dean Isbell in Lafayette, Indiana and his father was an engraver, and his mother worked for a phone company, they divorced when he was eight. Of his hometown, Stradlin later said, It was cool growing up there, theres a courthouse and a college, a river and railroad tracks. Its a small town, so there wasnt much to do and we rode bikes, smoked pot, got into trouble—it was pretty Beavis and Butt-Head actually. Stradlin developed an interest in early in life, by the age of eight, his musical favorites included Bob Dylan, Pink Floyd, Alice Cooper. His biggest musical influence was his grandmother, who played drums in a swing jazz band with her friends. Inspired, Stradlin talked his parents into buying him a drum kit, in high school, Stradlin started a band with his friends, one of whom was singer William Bailey, later known as Axl Rose. Stradlin recalled, We were long-haired guys in high school and you were either a jock or a stoner. We werent jocks, so we ended up hanging out together, wed play covers in the garage. There were no clubs to play at, so we never made it out of the garage, despite his aversion to school, Stradlin graduated in 1979 with a D average. Set on a career in music, he moved to Los Angeles. Shortly after his arrival in Los Angeles, Stradlin joined punk band Naughty Women and that was my introduction to the rock scene in L. A. His two-month tenure in Naughty Women was followed by a stint in punk band The Atoms, before his drum kit was stolen from his car, Stradlin then joined the heavy metal band Shire, during which he took up rhythm guitar to aid his songwriting. In 1983, Stradlin formed Hollywood Rose with his childhood friend Axl Rose, the group disbanded in August, following which Stradlin briefly joined Sunset Strip staple London. He also formed the short-lived band Stalin with singer Eric Leach, in December, he reunited with Hollywood Rose. In March 1985, Stradlin founded Guns N Roses with Axl Rose, by June, the line-up consisted of Rose, guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Stradlin, bass guitarist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler
26.
Use Your Illusion I
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Use Your Illusion I is the third studio album by American rock band Guns N Roses. Released on September 17,1991, It was the first of two released in conjunction with the Use Your Illusion Tour, the other being Use Your Illusion II. The album debuted at No.2 on the Billboard charts, selling 685,000 copies in its first week, Use Your Illusion I has sold 5,502,000 units in the U. S. as of 2010, according to Nielsen SoundScan. Each of the Use Your Illusion albums have been certified 7× Platinum by the RIAA and it was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1992. The Use Your Illusion albums represent a point in the sound of Guns N Roses. This is exemplified by the use of piano on tracks of this album by lead singer Axl Rose and keyboardist Dizzy Reed. Use Your Illusion I contains two of the three songs, November Rain and Dont Cry, whose videos are generally regarded by fans as a trilogy, the third song, Estranged, can be found on Use Your Illusion II. Another factor in the different sound to this album compared to the earlier work is the addition of former The Cult drummer Matt Sorum. Adler was earlier fired from the due to a serious heroin addiction. Guitarist Izzy Stradlin said of the change, Adlers sense of swing was the push, when that was gone, it was just. I would have preferred to continue with Steve, but wed had two years off and we couldnt wait any longer, a number of songs on the album were written in the bands early days. They were not included on Appetite for Destruction but can be found on the so-called Rumbo Tapes, back Off Bitch, Bad Obsession, Dont Cry, November Rain, and The Garden are considered part of this group. There is also a cover of Paul McCartney and Wings Live, besides the stylistic differences, another new aspect seen in Use Your Illusion I was longer songs. November Rain, a ballad, is nearly nine minutes long. Another change was the presence of tracks sung by members of the band, lead vocals on Dust N Bones, You Aint the First. In addition,14 Years and So Fine from Use Your Illusion II were sung by Izzy Stradlin and Duff McKagan, the band had some difficulty achieving the final sound of the album, especially during the mixing stages of the production of both albums. Slash has stated that a deal of the material for the album was written on acoustic guitars in a couple of nights at his house. Right Next Door to Hell is a product of discord between Axl and his West Hollywood high rise neighbor, Gabriella Kantor, Kantor had Rose arrested and sued Rose, claiming he hit her with a wine bottle
27.
Extended play
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An extended play is a musical recording that contains more tracks than a single, but is usually unqualified as an album or LP. EPs generally do not contain as many tracks as albums, and are considered less expensive, an EP originally referred to specific types of vinyl records other than 78 rpm standard play and LP, but it is now applied to mid-length CDs and downloads as well. Ricardo Baca of The Denver Post said, EPs—originally extended-play single releases that are shorter than traditional albums—have long been popular with punk, in the United Kingdom, the Official Chart Company defines a boundary between EP and album classification at 25 minutes of length or four tracks. EPs were released in various sizes in different eras, the earliest multi-track records, issued around 1919 by Grey Gull Records, were vertically cut 78 rpm discs known as 2-in-1 records. These had finer than usual grooves, like Edison Disc Records, by 1949, when the 45 rpm single and 33 1⁄3 rpm LP were competing formats, seven-inch 45 rpm singles had a maximum playing time of only about four minutes per side. Partly as an attempt to compete with the LP introduced in 1948 by rival Columbia, RCA Victor introduced Extended Play 45s during 1952. Their narrower grooves, achieved by lowering the levels and sound compression optionally. These were usually 10-inch LPs split onto two seven-inch EPs or 12-inch LPs split onto three seven-inch EPs, either separately or together in gatefold covers. This practice became less common with the advent of triple-speed-available phonographs. Some classical music albums released at the beginning of the LP era were distributed as EP albums—notably the seven operas that Arturo Toscanini conducted on radio between 1944 and 1954. These opera EPs, originally broadcast on the NBC Radio network and manufactured by RCA, in the 1990s, they began appearing on compact discs. During the 1950s, RCA published several EP albums of Walt Disney movies and these usually featured the original casts of actors and actresses. Each album contained two seven-inch records, plus an illustrated booklet containing the text of the recording, so that children could follow along by reading. Some of the titles included Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Pinocchio, and what was then a recent release, because of the popularity of 7 and other formats, SP records became less popular and the production of SPs in Japan was suspended in 1963. In the 1950s and 1960s, EPs were usually compilations of singles or album samplers and were played at 45 rpm on seven-inch discs. Record Retailer printed the first EP chart in 1960, the New Musical Express, Melody Maker, Disc and Music Echo and the Record Mirror continued to list EPs on their respective singles charts. The Beatles Twist and Shout outsold most singles for some weeks in 1963, when the BBC and Record Retailer commissioned the British Market Research Bureau to compile a chart it was restricted to singles and EPs disappeared from the listings. In the Philippines, seven-inch EPs marketed as mini-LPs were introduced in 1970, with tracks selected from an album and this mini-LP format also became popular in America in the early 1970s for promotional releases, and also for use in jukeboxes
28.
Hanoi Rocks
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Hanoi Rocks was a Finnish rock band formed in 1979. They were the first Finnish band to chart in the UK, the band broke up in June 1985 after the drummer Nicholas Razzle Dingley had died in a car accident during their first US tour in December 1984. Original vocalist Michael Monroe and guitarist Andy McCoy reunited in 2001 with a new line-up of Hanoi Rocks until 2009. Although musically closer to rock n roll and punk, Hanoi Rocks have been cited as a major influence in the glam metal genre for bands such as Guns N Roses, Skid Row. Hanoi Rocks was formed in Helsinki in 1980 by Michael Monroe and his friend, guitarist Andy McCoy. McCoy did not join the band immediately, because he was the guitarist for the Finnish punk band Pelle Miljoona Oy. McCoy allowed Monroe to form the band with an agreement that McCoy would join later. The original lineup of Hanoi Rocks was Michael Monroe on vocals, former Pelle Miljoona Oy guitarist Stefan Piesnack, Monroes guitarist Nasty Suicide, bassist Nedo Soininen, and drummer Peki Sirola. The band toured Finnish clubs, playing McCoy and Monroes own songs and covers like Cheap Tricks Hes a Whore, The Polices Born in the 50s and MC5s Looking at You. At one of the bands first shows was Seppo Vesterinen, who had brought big name artists like Iggy Pop, Vesterinen soon became the bands manager after speaking with McCoy and Monroe. In late 1980 Andy McCoy left Pelle Miljoona Oy to join Hanoi Rocks, McCoy replaced Stefan Piesnack, who had been arrested for drug possession, and Yaffa replaced Nedo. By then Peki had left the band, and when it relocated to Stockholm, they hired an old friend of Monroe and McCoys, drummer Gyp Casino. When the band moved to Stockholm, its members lived mostly in the streets, begging for money, except Andy McCoy, in November 1980, the band struck a deal with Johanna Kustannus and released its debut single, I Want You / Kill City Kills. I Want You was a new version of the Swedish song Vill ha dig by Heartbreak, McCoy had translated the song, whose title means I Want You in Swedish, into English and claimed it as his own. Kill City Kills was one of McCoys oldest songs, which he had written when he was hanging around at a Finnish block called Kill City, Gyp Casino was the bands drummer but did not play on the single as he was recording with another band in Stockholm. The band launched a 102-day tour in January 1981, which is believed to be the longest rock tour in Finnish history, the tour developed the bands energetic and wild playing style, which audiences were slow to find pleasing but later praised the band for. The second single Tragedy / Café Avenue, written by McCoy when he was fifteen or sixteen years old, was released in February 1981. That same month, the band released its album, Bangkok Shocks, Saigon Shakes, Hanoi Rocks, produced by Michael Monroe and Andy McCoy. The album was well-received, reaching number five on the Finnish album charts, in September 1981, after extensive tours in Sweden and Finland, the band moved to London, where it recorded its second album
29.
Michael Monroe
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Michael Monroe was born Matti Makke Fagerholm on 17 June 1962. His father, Pentti Fagerholm, was a well known Finnish radio personality. Monroe states in the Hanoi Rocks autobiography All Those Wasted Years that one of the first times he was exposed to rock n roll was when he saw Black Sabbaths 1970 Paris performance on television. Some other favourite bands of Monroes at the included, Alice Cooper, The New York Dolls, Led Zeppelin, Creedence Clearwater Revival. From 1976 to 1979, Monroe played in a band called Madness, during this time, while rehearsing in a basement of a church in Töölö, Monroe met guitarist Andy McCoy, McCoys band, Briard, was also rehearsing there at the time. Later, Monroe and McCoy played together for a time in a band called Bolin. Monroe then went on to play saxophone in Maukka Perusjätkäs band, Monroe auditioned as a bassist for Pelle Miljoona Oy but, even though the audition went well, they chose bassist Sami Yaffa. Hanoi Rocks was a band that Monroe and his friend, guitarist Andy McCoy had thought of, from the very first Hanoi line-up only one member remained, rhythm guitarist Nasty Suicide, who would stay in the band until 1985. Andy McCoy left Pelle Miljoona Oy and joined Hanoi Rocks in 1980, McCoy also brought bassist Sam Yaffa with him. The band later recruited drummer Gyp Casino, the band released their first album in 1981 titled Bangkok Shocks, Saigon Shakes, Hanoi Rocks, with most of the songs written by McCoy. The album was produced by Andy McCoy and Michael Monroe, who were known as The Muddy Twins, after the albums release, the band fired drummer Gyp Casino and hired Nicholas Dingley, better known as Razzle. This line-up, consisting of Michael Monroe, Andy McCoy, Nasty Suicide, Sam Yaffa and Razzle, has often cited as the classic. The band has said that Razzle revitalised them, later that year, the band released Self Destruction Blues, which had Razzle on the cover, but he didnt play on the album because it was actually a compilation of old singles. The tour for the album took the band to Asia for the first time, the next year,1983, the band released Back to Mystery City. In 1984, the band got together with legendary producer Bob Ezrin, the original title of the album was Silver Missiles and Nightingales, but this was changed before release. The album has been cited as one of the best glam rock albums, in 1984, Michael Monroe and Hanoi Rocks were among the most popular performers in the UK. The readers of the Sounds magazine voted Hanoi Rocks as the second best band in the world just after Marillion, the Hanoi Rocks single release Underwater World and the album Two Steps from the Move were voted as the fifth best single and album of the year. The televised concert which Hanoi Rocks recorded in England was voted as the second best concert video, and as stage performers, Michael Monroe was voted as The Sex Symbol of the Year
30.
Slash (musician)
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Saul Hudson, better known by his stage name Slash, is a British-born American musician and songwriter. He is best known as the lead guitarist of the American rock band Guns N Roses, with whom he achieved success in the late 1980s. During his later years with Guns N Roses, Slash formed the side project Slashs Snakepit, after leaving Guns N Roses in 1996, he co-founded the supergroup Velvet Revolver, which re-established him as a mainstream performer in the mid to late 2000s. Slash has since released three albums, Slash, featuring an array of famous guest musicians, and Apocalyptic Love and World on Fire, recorded with his band, Myles Kennedy. He returned to Guns N Roses in 2016, nearly 20 years after he had left, Slash has received critical acclaim as a guitarist. During 2010 Gibson Guitar Corporation ranked Slash as No.34 on their Top 50 Guitarists of All Time, in 2012, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N Roses classic line-up. Saul Hudson was born in Hampstead, London and he was named for Saul Steinberg, an artist. During his early years, Slash was raised by his father and paternal grandparents in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, when Slash was around five years old, he and his father joined his mother in Los Angeles, California. His brother, Albion Ash Hudson, was born in 1972, following his parents separation in 1974, Slash became a self-described problem child. He chose to live with his mother and was sent to live with his beloved maternal grandmother whenever his mother had to travel for her job. Slash sometimes accompanied his mother to work, where he met several film and he was given the nickname Slash by actor Seymour Cassel, because he was always in a hurry, zipping around from one thing to another. In 1979, Slash decided to form a band with his friend Steven Adler, the band never materialized, but it prompted Slash to take up an instrument. Since Adler had designated himself the role of guitarist, Slash decided to learn how to play bass, equipped with a one-string flamenco guitar given to him by his grandmother, he began taking classes with Robert Wolin, a teacher at Fairfax Music School. During his first lesson, Slash decided to switch from bass to guitar after hearing Wolin play Brown Sugar by The Rolling Stones and his decision to play guitar was further influenced by one of his school teachers, who would play songs by Cream and Led Zeppelin for his students. As a result, Slash stated, When I heard him do that, I said, a champion BMX rider, Slash put the bike aside to devote himself to playing guitar, practicing up to 12 hours a day. Slash joined his first band, Tidus Sloan, in 1981, in 1983, he formed the band Road Crew—named for the Motörhead song The Road Crew—with his childhood friend Steven Adler, who by then had learned to play drums. He placed an advertisement in a looking for a bassist. They auditioned a number of singers, including one-time Black Flag vocalist Ron Reyes, Slash disbanded the group the following year due to them not being able to find a singer, as well as Adlers lack of work ethic compared to himself and McKagan
31.
Matt Sorum
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Matthew William Matt Sorum is an American drummer and percussionist. He is best known as both a member of the hard rock band Guns N Roses, with whom he recorded three studio albums, and as a member of the supergroup Velvet Revolver. Sorum is currently a member of the project, Kings of Chaos. Sorum was also a member of Guns N Roses side-projects, Slashs Snakepit and Neurotic Outsiders, after performing on synthpop band Y Kant Tori Reads sole album, Sorum joined The Cult in 1989 to tour in support of their fourth studio album, Sonic Temple. During the tour, Sorum was spotted by Guns N Roses guitarist Slash, remaining in the band for seven years, Sorum recorded the albums, Use Your Illusion I, Use Your Illusion II, and The Spaghetti Incident. Before departing in 1997 following an argument with Axl Rose.1, in 2012, Sorum founded a touring project, entitled Kings of Chaos, featuring members of Guns N Roses, Deep Purple, Def Leppard, Aerosmith, ZZ Top, Cheap Trick and Slipknot. In 2012, Sorum was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N Roses, Sorum was born Matthew William Sorum on November 19,1960, in an unincorporated area of Orange County, California that later became the city of Mission Viejo. He started to play drums after watching Ringo Starr with The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1964, later he was mainly influenced by Ian Paice, Keith Moon, Ginger Baker, John Bonham, Roger Taylor, Buddy Rich and Bill Ward. In his first couple of years in school, Sorum was part of the Mission Viejo Marching Bands drum section. Sorum started out in Mission Viejo as a local hot musician in 1975, prophecy played many gigs ranging from high schools to concerts, all the way to the Hollywood scene, where they played clubs like Gazzarris in 1977. They recorded their first tracks at the Doug Moodys Mystic Studios in Hollywood, Chateau played the Hollywood circuit, appearing at Gazzarris and almost getting into a fight with the original members of the band Ratt, which at the time was known as Mickey Ratt. Sorums work with Chateau produced a four song set that was covered by radio stations for a short time. Sorum left and went to Hollywood to play with a series of bands, including Population Five and he then left on a tour around the country with a blues guitarist, playing nightclubs and bars. In 1988, he was recruited to play on the album of Y Kant Tori Read. In the wake of that project, he joined The Cult as their drummer for the 1989 tour in support of Sonic Temple. In 1989, Slash saw Sorum live with The Cult on their Sonic Temple tour and, shortly after, Sorum with Guns N Roses can be heard on Use Your Illusion I, Use Your Illusion II, The Spaghetti Incident. The 1994 cover of The Rolling Stones track Sympathy for the Devil, Sorum featured fully on the lengthy Use Your Illusion Tour, drumming on all of the 194 shows,9 legs and to over 7 million fans. In 1995, Sorum formed Slashs Snakepit with Slash and Gilby Clarke, Sorum also lent his drumming skills in the theme song for the 1995 20th Century Fox film, Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, The Movie
32.
Andy McCoy
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Antti Hulkko, better known as Andy McCoy, is a Finnish musician. He is most famous for his role as the lead guitarist and main songwriter of Hanoi Rocks, McCoys works cover a wide range of music genres, including rock n roll, punk rock, flamenco, glam punk, glam rock, blues rock and hard rock. He is also known to be an avid painter, before Hanoi Rocks, McCoy had become well known in his home country, Finland, due to his work in the punk rock band Pelle Miljoona Oy. During this time McCoy was talking with Matti Fagerholm to start a band of their own, after McCoy left Pelle Miljoona Oy, he joined Monroe in Hanoi Rocks, with another former-Pelle Miljoona Oy member, Sam Yaffa. At this point, the Hanoi Rocks line-up consisted of Michael Monroe, Andy McCoy, Nasty Suicide, Sam Yaffa, Hanoi Rocks released their first album in 1981 titled Bangkok Shocks, Saigon Shakes, Hanoi Rocks, with eight out of ten tracks written by McCoy. The album was produced by Andy McCoy and Michael Monroe who were known as The Muddy Twins, in 1982 Hanoi Rocks recorded and released their second studio album Oriental Beat in London. The original covers back side featured Andy McCoys then girlfriend Annas naked breasts painted blue, after the albums release, the band moved to London the same year, and subsequently fired drummer Gyp Casino before hiring Hanoi Rocks fan Nicholas Dingley, better known as Razzle, as drummer. The line-up with Razzle is considered the definitive version of Hanoi Rocks, later that year the band released Self Destruction Blues, which had Razzle on the cover, but he didnt play on the album, because it was actually a compilation of old singles. The tour for the album took the band to Asia for the first time, the next year 1983, the band released Back to Mystery City and after that, in 1984, the band worked with producer Bob Ezrin, and released Two Steps from the Move. Before this, McCoy had written most of the songs by himself and he also got some help with the lyrics from legendary Ian Hunter. After Razzles death, Sam Yaffa left the band due to differences with McCoy. The band tried out new members, but things didnt work out, in 2001 McCoy and Michael Monroe started working together again and decided to reform Hanoi Rocks with two new members on guitar and bass, with Michael Monroes solo career drummer, Lacu. They released Twelve Shots on the Rocks that same year, in 2005 they released Another Hostile Takeover with new members Andy Christell on bass and Conny Bloom on guitar. In 2007 the band released the album Street Poetry, in 2008 Andy McCoy and Michael Monroe stated that they had taken the band as far as they could and so they decided to end the band. Hanoi Rocks played 8 sold out gigs in 6 days at Tavastia Club. The original guitarist Nasty Suicide appeared as a special guest on three of the last gigs, the band was perceived as being the next stage of Hanoi Rocks. The music of The Cherry Bombz was actually similar to that of Hanoi Rocks. The band carried out a tour and released numerous singles and an EP
33.
The Stooges
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After releasing two albums—The Stooges and Fun House —the group disbanded briefly, and reformed with a different lineup to release Raw Power before breaking up again in 1974. The band reunited in 2003 and was active until 2016 following the deaths of several original members, the Stooges are widely regarded as a seminal proto-punk act and as instrumental in the development of punk rock, alternative rock, heavy metal music and rock music at large. The Stooges were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010, in 2004, Rolling Stone ranked them 78th on their list of the 100 greatest artists of all time. Iggy Pop played drums in several Ann Arbor-area bands as a teenager, including the Iguanas and, later, the Prime Movers nicknamed Osterberg Iggy in reference to his earlier band. Osterberg was first inspired to form the Stooges after meeting blues drummer Sam Lay during a visit to Chicago, upon returning to Detroit, Osterberg sought to create a new form of blues music that was not derivative of historical precedents. Ron Asheton and Scott Asheton and Dave Alexander composed the rest of the band, the three nicknamed Osterberg Pop after a local character whom Osterberg resembled. Shortly after witnessing an MC5 concert in Ann Arbor, Osterberg began using the stage name Iggy Pop, though the Stooges had formed, Iggy Pop attributes two key motivating influences to move the band forward. The first was seeing The Doors perform at a dance for the University of Michigan. The second was seeing an all-girls rock band from Princeton, New Jersey called The Untouchable perform, in a 1995 interview with Bust Magazine, he relates, I had the Stooges. And we did not have the balls to get out and do it. There were two things that made us do it, one was seeing that show, we saw that show and I just thought, well, this is so brazen, there is no excuse for us not to do it anymore. And the other thing was we went to New York. ”And we didn’t have anywhere to crash, and they played for us, and they completely rocked, and we were really ashamed. ”The bands 1967 debut was at their communal State Street house on Halloween night, followed by their next live gig, January 1968. During this early period, the Stooges were originally billed as the Psychedelic Stooges at the Grande Ballroom in Detroit, Michigan, and other venues, where they played with the band MC5 and others. At one of their early Grande Ballroom performances, Ashetons guitar neck separated from the forcing the band to stop playing during the opening song. Homemade instruments were also incorporated to flesh out the overall sound, the Jim-a-phone involved pushing feedback through a funnel device which was raised and lowered to achieve the best effect. The Stooges soon gained a reputation for their wild, primitive live performances, Pop is sometimes credited with the invention or popularization of stage diving. In 1968 Elektra Records sent DJ/publicist Danny Fields to scout the MC5, the contracts were at different pay rates, MC5 $20,000, the Stooges $5,000, as revealed in the 2016 Jim Jarmusch film, Gimme Danger. In 1969, the released their self-titled debut album, sales were low
34.
Zodiac Killer
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The Zodiac Killer was a serial killer who operated in northern California in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The Zodiac murdered victims in Benicia, Vallejo, Lake Berryessa, four men and three women between the ages of 16 and 29 were targeted. The killer originated the name Zodiac in a series of taunting letters sent to the local Bay Area press, of the four cryptograms sent, only one has been definitively solved. Suspects have been named by law enforcement and amateur investigators, the San Francisco Police Department marked the case inactive in April 2004, but re-opened it at some point prior to March 2007. The case also remains open in the city of Vallejo, as well as in Napa County, the California Department of Justice has maintained an open case file on the Zodiac murders since 1969. Although the Zodiac claimed 37 murders in letters to the newspapers, investigators agree on only seven confirmed victims, two of whom survived. They are, David Arthur Faraday,17, and Betty Lou Jensen,16, shot and killed on December 20,1968, on Lake Herman Road, within the city limits of Benicia. Coordinates, 38°5′41. 61″N 122°8′38. 24″W Michael Renault Mageau,19, while Mageau survived the attack, Ferrin was pronounced dead on arrival at Kaiser Foundation Hospital. Coordinates, 38°7′33. 56″N 122°11′27. 94″W Bryan Calvin Hartnell,20, Hartnell survived eight stab wounds to the back, but Shepard died as a result of her injuries on September 29,1969. Coordinates, 38°33′48. 29″N 122°13′54. 43″W Paul Lee Stine,29, shot and killed on October 11,1969, Edwards and Domingos were identified as possible Zodiac victims because of specific similarities between their attack and the Zodiacs attack at Lake Berryessa six years later. Coordinates, 34°28′11. 20″N 120°10′7. 14″W Cheri Jo Bates,18, stabbed to death and nearly decapitated on October 30,1966, College coordinates, 33°58′19″N 117°22′52″W Donna Lass,25, last seen September 6,1970, in Stateline, Nevada. No evidence has been uncovered to connect Lasss disappearance with the Zodiac Killer definitively. There is also a suspected third escapee from the Zodiac Killer, Kathleen Johns,22, allegedly abducted on March 22,1970, on Highway 132 near I-580, in an area west of Modesto. Johns escaped from the car of a man who drove her and her infant daughter around the area between Stockton and Patterson for approximately 1½ hours, the couple were on their first date and planned to attend a Christmas concert at Hogan High School about three blocks from Jensens home. The couple instead visited a friend before stopping at a local restaurant, at about 10,15 p. m. Faraday parked his mothers Rambler in a gravel turnout, which was a well-known lovers lane. Shortly after 11,00 p. m. their bodies were found by Stella Borges, the Solano County Sheriffs Department investigated the crime but no leads developed. Utilizing available forensic data, Robert Graysmith postulated that another car pulled into the turnout, just prior to 11,00 pm, the killer apparently exited the second car and walked toward the Rambler, possibly ordering the couple out of the Rambler. Jensen appeared to have exited the car first, yet when Faraday was halfway out, fleeing from the killer, Jensen was gunned down twenty-eight feet from the car with five shots through her back
35.
Food fight
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A food fight is a form of chaotic collective behavior, in which food is thrown at others in the manner of projectiles. These projectiles are not made to harm or damage others, food fights may be impromptu examples of rebellion or violence, however, they can also be planned events. For example, La Tomatina is a regularly held, organized Spanish food fight in which participants pelt each other with tomatoes, in organized food fights, the food weapons are usually all of one kind, or of a limited variety. An impromptu food fight will use whatever food is on hand, food fights are a common element in slapstick comedy, with the pie in the face gag being especially prominent. Food fights are featured in childrens television and books, usually as an example of destructive or reckless behavior. One famous food fight scene in a movie took place in National Lampoons Animal House, the Jerry Springer Show is well known for using food fights in certain episodes that involve a guest wanting to confront their friend or relative on a holiday special or trying to stop a wedding
36.
Axl Rose
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W. Axl Rose is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and musician. He is the lead vocalist of the rock band Guns N Roses. In addition to Guns N Roses, he is also the current lead singer of AC/DC since 2016. Due to his powerful and wide range and energetic live performances, Rose has been named one of the greatest singers of all time by various media outlets, including Rolling Stone. In 1985, he co-founded Guns N Roses, with whom he had success and recognition in the late 1980s. Their first album, Appetite for Destruction, has sold in excess of 30 million copies worldwide, as its sole remaining original member, he was able to continue working under the Guns N Roses banner because he had legally obtained the band name. In 2012, Rose was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N Roses, though he declined to attend the event and requested exclusion from the Hall. In 2016, Rose partially reunited the classic lineup of Guns N Roses and has toured the world as part of the Not In This Lifetime. Axl Rose was born William Bruce Rose, Jr. in Lafayette, Indiana, the oldest child of Sharon Elizabeth, then 16 years old and still in high school and his father has been described as a troubled and charismatic local delinquent, and the pregnancy was unplanned. His parents separated when Rose was approximately two years old, prompting his father to abduct and allegedly molest him before disappearing from Lafayette and his mother remarried to Stephen L. Bailey, and changed her sons name to William Bruce Bailey. He has two younger sister, Amy, and a half-brother, Stuart. Until the age of 17, Rose believed that Bailey was his natural father. He never met his father as an adult, William Rose, Sr. was murdered in Marion, Illinois. Rose did not learn about the murder years later. The Bailey household was religious, Rose and his family attended a Pentecostal church. Rose later recalled an oppressive upbringing, stating, Wed have televisions one week, I wasnt allowed to listen to music. He accused his stepfather of physically abusing him and his siblings, Rose found solace in music from an early age. He sang in the choir from the age of five
37.
Steven Adler
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Steven Adler is an American musician. He is best known as the drummer and co-songwriter of the hard rock band Guns N Roses. Adler was fired from Guns N Roses over his addiction in 1990, following which he reformed his old band Road Crew and briefly joined BulletBoys. During the 2000s, Adler was the drummer of the band Adlers Appetite, in early 2017, Steven Adler declared that he has no intentions to continue with the band, and that the band has been inactive for several months. He appeared on the second and fifth seasons of the reality TV show Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew and he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012 as a member of Guns N Roses. Adler was born Michael Coletti in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of an Italian-American father, Michael Coletti, after his father left the family, his mother moved with her children to Los Angeles, California. He has a brother, Kenny, and a younger half-brother. Adler grew up in the San Fernando Valley until the age of 13, at Bancroft Junior High, Adler befriended Saul Hudson, later known as Slash, they met when Adler had a skateboarding accident and Slash stopped to help him. After ninth grade, Adler returned to his parents house in the Valley for the remainder of high school, after his return to Hollywood in 1983, Adler auditioned for Sunset Strip staple London. When the audition proved unsuccessful, he formed the band Road Crew—named after the Motörhead song The Road Crew—with his childhood friend Slash and they placed an advertisement in a newspaper looking for a bassist, and received a response from Duff McKagan. They auditioned a number of singers, including one-time Black Flag vocalist Ron Reyes, Slash disbanded the group the following year due to their inability to find an adequate lead vocalist, as well as Adlers laziness compared to himself and McKagan. Adler then briefly joined a band known as Hollywood Rose. In June 1985, Adler joined Guns N Roses, which was founded by Axl Rose, Izzy Stradlin. His former Road Crew band mates Slash and Duff McKagan completed the line-up and they played nightclubs—such as the Whisky a Go Go, The Roxy, and The Troubadour—and opened for larger acts throughout 1985 and 1986. After being scouted by major record labels, the band signed with Geffen Records in March 1986. *@ Like a Suicide. Adler was again absent during a performance at the American Music Awards in January 1989 and his absence was originally attributed to a case of the flu, but it was later revealed that Adler had been in a drug rehabilitation program at the time. Adler was among those who promised to clean up, but he continued to struggle with his addiction, Adler was briefly fired from the band over his drug use in early 1990, but he was reinstated after signing a contract in which he vowed to stop taking drugs. However, by the time the band entered the studio to record the song Civil War, by Adlers own admission, he tried to play the song 20, maybe 30 times
38.
Much (TV channel)
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Much is a Canadian English language Category A specialty channel. It is currently owned by Bell Media, the channel first launched on August 31,1984, under the ownership of CHUM Limited, as one of the countrys first specialty channels. Upon its launch, and for much of its life, the network primarily aired music programming, including blocks of videos and original series focusing on musicians. MuchMusic was licensed on April 2,1984 by the Canadian Radio-television and it had faced competition from two other proposed services. One of them, CMTV Canadian Music Television, was deemed not to have sufficient financial resources, the third applicant was Rogers Radio Broadcasting. The station was initially patterned on City Limits, a weekend rock music show which had aired on sister station CITY-TV since 1983. Shortly thereafter, MuchMusic was launched on August 31,1984 as one of the first Canadian cable specialty channels and it was headed by the channels founders John Martin and Moses Znaimer. The first video played on MuchMusic was an early music-to-film synchronization short from the 1920s which featured Eubie Blake performing Snappy Songs, the first video made specifically for television air play was Rushs The Enemy Within. Some variance from this model was seen with the late-night programs City Limits and Too Much 4 Much, in 1994, MuchMusic began distribution in the United States through Rainbow Program Holdings. MuchMusic is well known for its annual awards show that airs every Fathers Day called the MuchMusic Video Awards. It is anticipated and promoted for weeks before the night of the MMVAs, as well, MuchMusic funds the creation of new Canadian music videos through MuchFACT and produces the popular album series Big Shiny Tunes and MuchDance. In 2002, MuchMusic introduced promos that consisted of one of images of a VJ posing in front of the networks logo. The quickies were recognized with a Guinness World Record for the worlds shortest television commercial, in July 2006, Bell Globemedia announced that it would purchase CHUM for an estimated $1.7 billion CAD, including MuchMusic. The sale was subject to CRTC approval and was approved in June 2007, since then, MuchMusic has aired a vast number of non-music related programs. Before those programs aired, Much Mega Hits was a prominent program that played music videos based on singles. Bell Canada gained control of MuchMusic through its takeover of CTVglobemedia on April 1,2011, shortly thereafter, MuchMusic received a new look and a new Much logo, while continuing to add non-music television series, mainly dramas and reality shows. Since September 2013, the channel has been airing significantly more comedy programming targeting young adults during the afternoon and primetime hours. Such shows included Comedy Central series, reruns of The Simpsons and The Cleveland Show, as well as Late Night with Jimmy Fallon and Conan
39.
Slash (autobiography)
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Slash is an autobiography written by rock guitarist Slash with Anthony Bozza. Most of the focuses on Slashs years with Guns N Roses, including many rock star cliches, trashed hotel rooms, groupies, drug abuse. Slash talks about Axl Rose, frontman of Guns N Roses and he explains that Axls inability to show up to gigs and rehearsals on time, in addition to Axls almost dictator-like control of the band contributed to the bands downfall. Slash also states that Axl wanted to change the direction of the band to include more synthesizers and effects. Slash relates how he eventually achieved stability and sobriety after his second marriage, the books tagline is, It seems excessive, but that doesnt mean it didnt happen. Slash also explains how he dealt with and overcame the harsh chains of addiction, and his many close calls with death because of heroin, cocaine, pills, alcohol, and more. He had a very bad addiction to a variety of different drugs, Ive always had to do things my way, I play guitar my way, Ive taken myself to the edges of life my way, Ive gotten clean my way, And Im still here. Whether or not I deserve to be is another story, - Slash The book was at #6 on the NYT Hardcover Nonfiction list as of November 25,2007, having been published in the United States on October 30. Nikki Sixxs book, The Heroin Diaries, A Year in the Life of a Shattered Rock Star, Slash retells some of the events from that book from his own perspective in the autobiography. How To Play Rock And Roll Guitar 4 and you Learn To Live Like An Animal 7. Dont Try This At Home 10
40.
Estranged (song)
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Estranged is a power ballad and music video by the American hard rock band Guns N Roses. It is from the part of their two-part Use Your Illusion album. The song reached #16 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in early 1994, at over nine minutes long, Estranged, also known for its music video, is the longest song on Use Your Illusion II and Guns N Roses second longest song overall. It has many verses, no set chorus, and several distinguished guitar, Use Your Illusion IIs liner notes thank lead guitarist Slash for the killer guitar melodies, which captured Axl Roses vision. According to Slash, the song was written while the band was rehearsing for a period of time in Chicago. Axl revealed that he wrote the song during a more bummed out time in his life when his marriage with Erin Everly was annulled. Released in December 1993, the music video is the third part of an unofficial Del James series of videos from the Use Your Illusion I. The estimated budget was US$4 million, the video is similar in style to the previous two in the trilogy. Estranged was played very frequently during the Use Your Illusion Tour from 1991 to 1993. During performances of song, Dizzy Reed would play piano instead of Axl Rose. A live version of song can be heard on Live Era. During the Chinese Democracy Tour, a riff from the song was included in Ron Thals solo interpretation of the Pink Panther Theme. In December 2008, Axl spoke of his desire to bring Estranged back into the live set. The song was featured with regularity on the tour from 2012-2014 and it has been played at almost every show on the Not in This Lifetime
41.
Quotation marks
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The pair consists of an opening quotation mark and a closing quotation mark, which may or may not be the same character. Quotation marks have a variety of forms in different languages and in different media, the double quotation mark is older than the single. By the middle sixteenth century, printers had developed a form of this notation. In most other languages, including English, the marginal marks dropped out of use in the last years of the eighteenth century, the usage of a pair of marks, closing and opening, at the level of lower case letters was generalized. By the nineteenth century, the design and usage began to be specific within each region, in Western Europe the usage became to use the quotation marks in pairs but “pointing” outside. In Britain those marks were elevated to the height of the top of capital letters. In France, by the end of the century those marks were modified to a more angular shape. Some authors claim that the reason for this was a one, in order to get a character that was clearly distinguishable from the apostrophes, the commas. Other authors claim that the reason for this was an aesthetical one, nevertheless, while other languages do not insert a space between the quotation marks and the word, the French usage does insert them, even if it is a narrow space. The curved quotation marks usage was exported to some non-Latin scripts, the angular quotation marks usage was exported to some non-Latin scripts, like Greek, Cyrillic, Arabic and Ethiopic. The Far East angle brackets quotation marks are also a development of the angular quotation marks. In Central Europe, however, the practice was to use the marks in pairs. The German tradition preferred the curved quotation marks, the first one at the level of the commas, alternatively, these marks still “pointed” inside but could be angular and in-line with lower case letters. Some neighboring regions adopted the German tradition but some adopted the second mark as “pointing” to the right. In Sweden, both marks “pointed” to the right but both were at the top level, neither at the bottom, in Eastern Europe there was a hesitation between the French tradition and the German tradition. The single quotation mark emerged around 1800 as a means of indicating a level of quotation. One could expect that the logic would be the corresponding single mark everywhere, British English tends to reverse the usage — single quotation marks are primary, and double quotation marks are secondary —this distinction, however, dating back to around the 1960s. In some languages using the quotation marks, the usage of single ones became obsolete, being replaced by double curved ones
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Question mark
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The question mark is a punctuation mark that indicates an interrogative clause or phrase in many languages. The question mark is not used for indirect questions, the question mark glyph is also often used in place of missing or unknown data. In Unicode, it is encoded at U+003F, lynne Truss attributes an early form of the modern question mark in western language to Alcuin of York. Truss describes the punctus interrogativus of the late 8th century as and this earliest question mark was a decoration of one of these dots, with the lightning flash perhaps meant to denote intonation, and perhaps associated with early musical notation like neumes. It has also suggested that the glyph derives from the Latin quaestiō, meaning question. The lowercase q was written above the o, and this mark was transformed into the modern symbol. According to a 2011 discovery by a Cambridge manuscript expert, Syriac was the first language to use a mark to indicate an interrogative sentence. The Syriac question mark has the form of a double dot. In English, the question mark typically occurs at the end of a sentence, however, the question mark may also occur at the end of a clause or phrase, where it replaces the comma, Is it good in form. Or, Showing off for him, for all of them, what did he have to be hubrid about. —but from mood and nervousness. This is quite common in Spanish, where the use of bracketing question marks explicitly indicates the scope of interrogation, en el caso de que no puedas ir con ellos, ¿quieres ir con nosotros. In Spanish, since the edition of the Ortografía of the Royal Academy in 1754. An interrogative sentence, clause, or phrase begins with a question mark ⟨¿⟩ and ends with the question mark ⟨. ⟩, as in, Ella me pregunta «¿qué hora es. » – She asks me. The one exception is when the mark is matched with an exclamation mark, as in. – Who do you think you are, nonetheless, even here the Academy recommends matching punctuation, ¡¿Quién te has creído que eres. Other languages of Spain, Catalan and Galician also uses the opening question mark though usually only in long sentences or in cases which would otherwise be ambiguous. Basque only use one question mark, in Armenian the question mark takes the form of an open circle and is placed over the last vowel of the question word. It is defined in Unicode at U+055E ՞ ARMENIAN QUESTION MARK, the Greek question mark appeared around the same time as the Latin one, in the 8th century
