1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Cover version
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A cover version can also refer to a rerecording of a song by the original artist or performers under a different record company. Originally, Billboard and other magazines that track the popularity of artists and hit tunes measured the sales success of the published tune. Later, they tracked the airplay that songs achieved, some versions being more successful recording than the original song. Before the onset of rock n roll in the 1950s, songs were published and several records of a song might be out by singers of the day. The Hendrix version, released six months after Dylans original, became a Top 10 single in the UK in 1968 and was ranked 48th in Rolling Stone magazines 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The term cover goes back decades when cover version originally described a version of a tune recorded to compete with the recently released version. The Chicago Tribune described the term in 1952, trade jargon meaning to record a tune that looks like a hit on someone elses label. Examples of records covered include Paul Williams 1949 hit tune The Hucklebuck, both crossed over to the popular Hit Parade and had numerous hit versions. In fact, one of the objects of publishing sheet music was to have a composition performed by as many artists as possible. In previous generations, some artists made very successful careers of presenting revivals or reworkings of once-popular tunes, musicians now play what they call cover versions of songs as a tribute to the original performer or group. Using familiar material is an important method of learning music styles, until the mid-1960s most albums, or long playing records, contained a large number of evergreens or standards to present a fuller range of the artists abilities and style. Artists might also perform interpretations of a favorite artists hit tunes for the pleasure of playing a familiar song or collection of tunes. A cover band plays cover versions exclusively. Some tribute acts salute the Who, The Rolling Stones and many classic rock acts. Many tribute acts target artists who remain popular but no longer perform, many tribute bands attempt to recreate another bands music as faithfully as possible, but some such bands introduce a twist. Dread Zeppelin performs reggae versions of the Zeppelin catalog and Beatallica creates heavy metal fusions of songs by the Beatles, there are also situations in which a member of a tribute band will go on to greater success, sometimes with the original act they tribute. One notable example is Tim Ripper Owens who, once the singer of Judas Priest tribute band British Steel. Cover acts or bands are entertainers who perform a variety of crowd-pleasing cover songs for audiences who enjoy the familiarity of hit songs
3.
Guns N' Roses
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Guns N Roses is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles formed in 1985. The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler. The current lineup consists of Rose, Slash, McKagan, keyboardists Dizzy Reed and Melissa Reese, guitarist Richard Fortus, the success of the debut was followed by the eight-song album G N R Lies which reached number two on the Billboard 200. The cover album The Spaghetti Incident. was the bands last studio album to feature Slash and it debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 but undersold industry expectations, despite mostly positive critical reception. Former members Slash and McKagan both rejoined the band in 2016, embarking on the Not in This Lifetime, Guns N Roses has been credited with reviving the mainstream popularity of rock n roll, at a time when popular music was dominated by dance music and glam metal. The bands classic lineup, along with later members Reed and drummer Matt Sorum, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012, in 1984, Hollywood Rose member Izzy Stradlin was living with L. A. Guns needed a new vocalist, Stradlin suggested Hollywood Rose singer Axl Rose, Guns N Roses was formed in March 1985 by Rose and rhythm guitarist Stradlin, along with lead guitarist Tracii Guns, bassist Ole Beich, and drummer Rob Gardner of L. A. Guns. The band coined its name by combining the names of both previous groups, rejected names for the band included Heads of Amazon and AIDS. After a short time, during which the band played two or three shows, Beich was fired and replaced by Duff McKagan. Tracii Guns left the band after an argument with Rose leading to his replacement by Rose and Stradlins one-time Hollywood Rose bandmate, Gardner quit soon after and was replaced by another former Hollywood Rose member, Steven Adler. Slash had also played with McKagan and Adler in Road Crew. In June 1985, four days after the lineup was finalized, through the bands increasing presence on the Hollywood club scene – playing famed bars such as The Troubadour and The Roxy – Guns N Roses drew the attention of major record labels. The group was signed by Geffen Records in March 1986, receiving a $75,000 advance. In December of that year, the released the four-song EP Live. *@ Like a Suicide. The EP contained covers of Rose Tattoos Nice Boys and Aerosmiths Mama Kin, although billed as a live recording, the four songs were taken from the bands demo tapes and overdubbed with crowd noise. Live. *@ Like a Suicide was released on the Geffen subsidiary Uzi Suicide, Guns N Roses debut album Appetite for Destruction was released July 21,1987. The band stated the artwork was a symbolic social statement. The revised cover was done by Andy Engell, based on a design by tattoo artist Bill White Jr. who had designed the artwork for a tattoo Rose had acquired the previous year, the artwork featured each of the five band members skulls layered on a cross
4.
Record Plant
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The Record Plant was a series of three famous recording studios which were founded by Gary Kellgren and Chris Stone, beginning in New York City in 1968. The next year, Kellgren and Stone opened a studio in Los Angeles. In 1972, the company expanded again with a location in Sausalito. Kellgren died in 1977, and in the 1980s, the New York and Sausalito studios ended up under different ownership, the New York studio closed in 1987 and the Sausalito studio closed in 2008. The Los Angeles studio continues in business as the Record Plant, the Record Plant in New York was the first studio to give the recording artist a comfortable, casual environment rather than the clinical setting that was the norm through the 1960s. Kellgren and Stone brought this same vision to their Los Angeles, Stone later said of Kellgren, He single-handedly was responsible for changing studios from what they were—fluorescent lights, white walls and hardwood floors—to the living rooms that they are today. In late 1967, Chris Stone was introduced to Kellgren because Kellgrens wife Marta was seven months pregnant, scared of the upcoming birth, mutual friends thought that the two couples could talk about being parents and ease Martas worry. Though they were opposed in nature, with Stone all business and Kellgren very creative. Seeing him at work, Stone determined that Kellgren was not making use of his genius for making recordings. Stone noticed that the studio was charging its clients $5,000 per week. Stone suggested Kellgren ask for a raise, and soon he was making $1,000 per week, Stone held an MBA from the UCLA Anderson School of Management and was at that time employed as the national sales representative of Revlon cosmetics. Stone convinced Kellgren that the two of them, with $100,000 borrowed from Johanna C. C, ancky Revson Johnson, could start a new recording studio, one with a better atmosphere for creativity. Johnson was a model who became the second wife of Revlon founder Charles Revson, then divorced and married Ben Johnson. In early 1968 Kellgren and Stone began building a 12-track studio at 321 West 44th Street and it opened on March 13,1968. When The Jimi Hendrix Experience arrived at the studio, Kellgren engineered the first few dates until Eddie Kramer, in 1969, Kellgren and Stone sold the New York operation to TeleVision Communications, a cable television company that was broadening its portfolio. The purpose of the sale was to gain cash for expansion into Los Angeles with a second studio, the next big mixing assignment that the studio accepted was to mix the tracks recorded at the Woodstock Festival. These took more than a month to sort out in the studio, as recording conditions had been primitive, in 1970, Studio A became the first recording studio designed for mixing quadraphonic sound. On August 1,1971, the studio made its first remote recordings at The Concert for Bangladesh, in January 1972, Warner Communications bought the facility from TVC
5.
Hard rock
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Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. It is typified by a use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums. Hard rock developed into a form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as The Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC. During the 1980s, some rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock. Hard rock began losing popularity with the success of R&B, hip-hop, urban pop, grunge. Out of this movement came garage rock bands like The White Stripes, The Strokes, Interpol and, later on, in the 2000s, only a few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music, the electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong drum and a backbeat on snare. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice. In the late 1960s, the heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock. Heavy metal took on darker characteristics after Black Sabbaths breakthrough at the beginning of the 1970s, in the 1980s it developed a number of subgenres, often termed extreme metal, some of which were influenced by hardcore punk, and which further differentiated the two styles. Despite this differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have existed side by side, with bands frequently standing on the boundary of, other antecedents include Link Wrays instrumental Rumble in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as Lets Go Trippin and Misirlou. In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming. From the late 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from rock and was played louder. Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Cream, in songs like I Feel Free combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock, from 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group
6.
Punk rock
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Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
7.
Geffen Records
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Geffen Records is an American major record label, owned by Universal Music Group, which operates as one third of the Interscope Geffen A&M Records label. On March 23,2017, Billboard. com announced the label was relaunching with longtime A&R Neil Jacobson as President, Geffen Records was started in 1980 by music industry businessman David Geffen who, in the early 1970s, had founded Asylum Records. Geffen stepped down from Asylum in 1975, when he crossed over to film and was named a vice-president of Warner Bros and he was fired from Warner circa 1978, but remained locked in a 5-year contract, which prevented him from working elsewhere. He returned to work in 1980 and struck a deal with Warner Bros. Records to create Geffen Records, profits were split 50/50 between Geffen and the respective distributors. Geffen Records first artist was disco superstar Donna Summer, whose gold-selling album The Wanderer became the labels first release in 1980, the label followed it up with Double Fantasy by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. It was Lennons first new album since 1975, two weeks after it entered the charts, Lennon was murdered in New York City. As the 1980s progressed, Geffen would go on to have success with acts as Kylie Minogue, Enya, Quarterflash, Oxo, Asia, Wang Chung. This prompted Geffen to create a label, DGC Records in 1990. Geffen also distributed the first incarnation of Def American Recordings through Warner Bros. from 1988 to 1990, after a decade of operating through Warner, when its contract with the company expired, the label was sold to MCA Music Entertainment in 1990. The deal ultimately earned David Geffen an estimated US$800 million in stock, following the sale, Geffen Records operated as one of MCAs leading independently managed labels. Geffen Records would distribute releases on the new operations DreamWorks Records subsidiary, Universal Music Group acquired PolyGram in 1999, resulting in a corporate reorganization of labels. Geffen Records, along with A&M Records, was merged into Interscope Records. Although Geffen would continue to exist as a brand, it was downsized to fit into the expansion of Interscope. At the same time, international distribution of Interscope and Geffen releases switched to ex-PolyGram label Polydor Records, meanwhile, DreamWorks Records also folded, with artists such as Nelly Furtado, Lifehouse and Rufus Wainwright being absorbed by Geffen as well. During this time, DGC Records was also folded into Geffen, at the end of 2007, however, Geffen was absorbed further into Interscope, laying off sixty employees. In 2009, it was announced that Geffen Records had signed an agreement with the Holy See to produce an album of Marian songs, jimmy Iovine relaunched the Geffen imprint in 2011, moving its headquarters from California to New York City
8.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
9.
Duff McKagan
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Michael Andrew Duff McKagan is an American musician, singer, songwriter and author. He is best known for his tenure as the bass guitarist of the hard rock band Guns N Roses, with whom he achieved worldwide success in the late 1980s. McKagan rejoined the band in 2016, following their induction into the Rock, towards the end of his first tenure with Guns N Roses, McKagan released a solo album, Believe in Me, and formed the short-lived supergroup Neurotic Outsiders. Between 2002 and 2008, he played bass in the supergroup Velvet Revolver with his former Guns N Roses bandmates Slash and he briefly performed with Janes Addiction in 2010 and joined the supergroup Hollywood Vampires in 2016. In addition to his career, McKagan has established himself as a writer. He has written columns on a wide variety of topics for SeattleWeekly. com, Playboy. com. A former high school drop-out, he attended Seattle Universitys Albers School of Business and Economics in the early 2000s and he was a high school honor student, but dropped out early to pursue a career in music. Michael Andrew McKagan grew up in Seattles largely working-class University District and he has been called Duff since toddlerhood, to which he once referred as an Irish thing. Following his parents divorce, his mother supported the family by taking a job as a medical stenographer and he was taught how to play bass by his brother Bruce, further developing his skills by playing along with the albums 1999 by Prince and Damaged by Black Flag. In his autobiography, Its So Easy, McKagan said he was influenced by bass driven bands such as that of Barry Adamson in Magazine, although an honors student, McKagan dropped out of Roosevelt High School in the tenth grade. He then worked as a chef for the Great American Food. He was later awarded a diploma after speaking at the class of 2012s graduation ceremony. In 1979, at the age of 15, McKagan formed the band the Vains, in which he played bass. During this time, he played guitar in the punk band the Living. In 1980, McKagan joined the band the Fastbacks as their drummer. In 1982, McKagan became the drummer for the punk band The Fartz, with whom he recorded several demos, five of which were included on their 1990 album You. After several line-up changes, The Fartz evolved into the post-punk band 10 Minute Warning, in 1983, McKagan moved to Los Angeles, California, with one of his brothers where he found work as an appetizer server at a Black Angus restaurant in Northridge. Answering an ad for a bass guitarist in a newspaper, he met guitarist Slash and drummer Steven Adler
10.
Use Your Illusion
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Use Your Illusion is a Guns N Roses compilation album drawing from the Use Your Illusion I and II albums. It has only released in the United States, consisting entirely of songs without profanity. However, not all songs without profanity were chosen to appear on this compilation, as So Fine, the album was primarily sold at Walmart and Kmart, two retail outlets that refused to stock the unedited Use Your Illusion I and II due to explicit lyrics. Knockin on Heavens Door appears in a version without Josh Richmans speech. Therefore, the length is reduced to 5,20. Richmans speech was included in the Greatest Hits compilation album. The cover art of the album combines the color schemes from the covers of Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II. The image is a detail of the Raphael painting The School of Athens, the album is certified Platinum by the RIAA
11.
Use Your Illusion II
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Use Your Illusion II is the fourth studio album by the American hard rock band Guns N Roses. It was one of the two released in conjunction with the Use Your Illusion Tour, along with Use Your Illusion I. As of 2010, Use Your Illusion II has sold 5,587,000 units in the U. S. according to Nielsen SoundScan, both albums have since been certified 7× Platinum by the RIAA. It was also No.1 on the UK Albums Chart for a single week and it is the last Guns N Roses album to feature rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin. It also included the last Guns N Roses song to feature drummer Steven Adler, the Use Your Illusion albums were a stylistic turning point for Guns N Roses. The thematic material deals less with drug use than previous Guns N Roses albums, Use Your Illusion I featured mostly songs pre-Appetite for Destruction while Use Your Illusion II featured more tracks written during and after Appetite For Destruction. The bands cover of Knockin on Heavens Door had been released almost a year earlier on the Days of Thunder soundtrack and that concert also featured Guns N Roses playing a cover of the U. K. Subs song Down on the Farm, a version of which would later appear on the bands 1993 release of cover songs. Civil War was released as a B-side to You Could Be Mine, the song had also been released on a charity album called Nobodys Child, a fund-raising compilation for Romanian orphans. You Could Be Mine was released in June 1991 and is featured in the film Terminator 2, the song was not released on the actual soundtrack. The band also filmed a video featuring Arnold Schwarzenegger in character as the Terminator, however, he is saved from termination as he is deemed a waste of ammo by the T-800s lock-on system. The original subject matter of the song dealt with Izzy Stradlins failed relationship with ex-girlfriend Angela Nicoletti, the Use Your Illusion albums can be considered a single cohesive work, and certain elements of Use Your Illusion II underscore this intent. For instance, both albums have a version of the song Dont Cry, and both have one song, Live and Let Die by Paul McCartney and Knockin on Heavens Door by Bob Dylan. The song Get in the Ring finds the band lashing out at a worth of critics. Among those referred to by name are editors of several entertainment magazines, the industrial flavored My World, the final track, was written and recorded in three hours, with Rose claiming those in the recording room were on mushrooms at the time. To achieve the final mix of the album, the band had some difficulty, Slash has stated that most of the material for the album was written on acoustic guitars in a couple of nights at his house, after several months of non-productivity. The song Locomotive was written in a house Slash and Izzy Stradlin rented in the Hollywood Hills following the Appetite for Destruction tours, the song shows the group dabbling in funk metal. The cover art of both Use Your Illusion albums is a detail of Raphaels painting The School of Athens, the highlighted figure, unlike many of those in the painting, has not been identified with any particular philosopher
12.
Chinese Democracy
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Chinese Democracy is the sixth studio album by American hard rock band Guns N Roses. It was released on November 23,2008, by Geffen Records, although it debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 and was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, Chinese Democracy domestically undersold expectations. It received generally favorable reviews from music critics, the album achieved international chart success and has sold over one million copies in Europe. In 1994, Guns N Roses progress on a follow-up to The Spaghetti Incident. was halted due to differences between members of the band. Slash, Duff McKagan, Matt Sorum, and Gilby Clarke all resigned or were fired from the band in the mid-1990s, lead singer Axl Rose and keyboardist Dizzy Reed were the only members from the previous lineup remaining by the time production had started. A new lineup, consisting of Rose, Reed, guitarists Robin Finck and Paul Tobias, bassist Tommy Stinson, drummer Josh Freese, initially intended to be released in 1999 or 2000, the album was re-recorded completely in 2000. The album was worked on by multiple lineups of the band, including later members Bryan Mantia, Buckethead, Richard Fortus, Ron Bumblefoot Thal, personnel and legal reasons, as well as Roses alleged perfectionism, caused the album to be delayed multiple times. The album missed an announced March 2007 release date, before being released in November 2008, with production costs reportedly eclipsing $13 million, the album is the most expensive rock album ever produced. Guns N Roses began to write and record new music in 1994. Bassist Duff McKagan said the band was so stoned at that point that nothing got finished, guitarist Slash criticized Axl Rose for making the band seem like a dictatorship. Rose later stated about the dysfunction of the group at the time, since none of that happened, thats the reason why that material got scrapped. Roses childhood friend and Hollywood Rose collaborator Paul Tobias was brought in to replace Gilby Clarke, due to creative differences with Rose and personal problems with Tobias, Slash quit the band in 1996. McKagan left soon after and Sorum was fired in 1997, Slash was replaced by Nine Inch Nails touring guitarist Robin Finck, ex-Replacements bassist Tommy Stinson replaced McKagan, and Josh Freese joined as the drummer. During this time, Geffen paid Rose $1 million to try to finish the album, by August 1999, the band had recorded over 30 songs for the album, tentatively titled 2000 Intentions. It could also just be like an ironic statement, I dont know, I just like the sound of it. Rose also mentioned the album would feature lot of different sounds, theres some heavy songs, theres a lot of aggressive songs, but theyre all in different styles and different sounds. It is truly a melting pot, in 1999, the industrial metal song Oh My God was released on the soundtrack of the movie End of Days and played over the movies end credits. It featured Axl Rose, Paul Tobias, Tommy Stinson, Dizzy Reed, Chris Pitman, Dave Navarro and Gary Sunshine also recorded guitar parts for the song
13.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
14.
Ain't It Fun (The Dead Boys song)
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Aint It Fun is a song written by Peter Laughner and Gene OConnor and performed by their protopunk band Rocket from the Tombs. The song was first released by OConnors later group, The Dead Boys, the song was later covered by the American rock band Guns N Roses for their 1993 cover album The Spaghetti Incident. It was also released as a single and was included on the Guns N Roses Greatest Hits compilation in 2004, michael Monroe from Hanoi Rocks featured in the song on vocals. When Rocket from the Tombs reunited in 2003, they recorded the song and released it on their debut album, rollins Band also covered the song for their album A Nicer Shade of Red. The Lords of Altamont covered the song on their 2011 album Midnight to 666, cheetah Chrome, A Dead Boys Tale, From the Front Lines of Punk Rock
15.
Since I Don't Have You
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Since I Dont Have You is a song written and composed by Jackie Taylor, James Beaumont, Janet Vogel, Joseph Rock, Joe Verscharen, Lennie Martin, and Wally Lester. It was a 1958 hit single for the group the Skyliners on the Billboard Hot 100. Country music singer Ronnie Milsap had a hit with the song in 1991, Guns N Roses also had some success in 1994 with their top ten hit cover on the UK Singles Chart. Taken from their album and released in late 1958, the single reached number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. It was also a top five hit on the 1959 R&B chart and it was highlighted by lead singer Jimmy Beaumonts powerful vocals, and the counterpoint between his falsetto and Janet Vogels soprano, on her final chorus. Don McLeans 1981 rendition, reaching number 23 on the Billboard Hot 100, is the version to come closest to the success of the Skyliners original in the USA. It was a major Adult Contemporary hit, reaching number six in the U. S. Country music artist Ronnie Milsaps version was a number 6 hit on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in 1991. The single was taken from his album Back to the Grindstone and it was produced by Milsap, Rob Galbraith, and Richard Landis. This song was covered by the rock band Guns N Roses on their album and this was Guns N Roses 18th single release overall, and the third single lifted from The Spaghetti Incident. The single was released in mid-1994 and it reached #69 on the Hot 100 and was a top 10 hit in the UK. The music video featured actor Gary Oldman – then a popular casting choice for Hollywood villains – as a demon who is constantly mocking singer Axl Rose. The video was the last to feature original members Duff McKagan and Slash, as well as drummer Matt Sorum and it is also the last music video released under the Guns N Roses name. W. Spiral Starecase released a version of the song on their 1969 debut album, in the UK, Art Garfunkel reached #38 in July 1979. In 1994, the song was incorporated into the first Broadway revival of Grease as a solo for Sandy, near the end of the first act, subsequent versions of the musical have not included the song. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
16.
Hair of the Dog (song)
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Hair of the Dog is the title track of Nazareths 1975 album Hair of the Dog. It is sometimes called Son of a Bitch because of the lyric in the hook. The song is about a charming and manipulative woman who can get men to acquiesce to her every need, the singer is letting her know that she has met her match in him, a self-described son of a bitch. Hair of the Dog uses a talk box extensively during its bridge, the songs title, which does not appear in the lyrics, is a pun. The song has been covered by many bands, guns N Roses recorded it on their 1993 album The Spaghetti Incident. This version features the guitar riff from the Beatles Day Tripper as a gag at the end. The song is on the Britny Fox album Boys in Heat, stone Rider covered the song on their 2008 album Three Legs of Trouble. It has also covered by Deep Purple, The Michael Schenker Group. The original version of the song is featured in the video game Grand Theft Auto IV, The Lost, the song was also used in The CW show Supernatural in a Season 2 promotional advertisement. No No No. features a sample of the songs guitar riff. The band is given a credit for the sample. On January 26,2010, a re-recording of the song was released as content for the rhythm video game Rock Band 2. In 2014, the song was used in the film, Dumb and Dumber To, in the US, this was used in a TV commercial for Dodge. On November 14,2006 the original version of the song appeared in Season 1, dan McCafferty – vocals, talk box Manny Charlton – guitars, synthesizer Pete Agnew – bass guitar, backing vocals Darrell Sweet – drums, cowbell, tambourine, backing vocals W
17.
Cover song
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A cover version can also refer to a rerecording of a song by the original artist or performers under a different record company. Originally, Billboard and other magazines that track the popularity of artists and hit tunes measured the sales success of the published tune. Later, they tracked the airplay that songs achieved, some versions being more successful recording than the original song. Before the onset of rock n roll in the 1950s, songs were published and several records of a song might be out by singers of the day. The Hendrix version, released six months after Dylans original, became a Top 10 single in the UK in 1968 and was ranked 48th in Rolling Stone magazines 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The term cover goes back decades when cover version originally described a version of a tune recorded to compete with the recently released version. The Chicago Tribune described the term in 1952, trade jargon meaning to record a tune that looks like a hit on someone elses label. Examples of records covered include Paul Williams 1949 hit tune The Hucklebuck, both crossed over to the popular Hit Parade and had numerous hit versions. In fact, one of the objects of publishing sheet music was to have a composition performed by as many artists as possible. In previous generations, some artists made very successful careers of presenting revivals or reworkings of once-popular tunes, musicians now play what they call cover versions of songs as a tribute to the original performer or group. Using familiar material is an important method of learning music styles, until the mid-1960s most albums, or long playing records, contained a large number of evergreens or standards to present a fuller range of the artists abilities and style. Artists might also perform interpretations of a favorite artists hit tunes for the pleasure of playing a familiar song or collection of tunes. A cover band plays cover versions exclusively. Some tribute acts salute the Who, The Rolling Stones and many classic rock acts. Many tribute acts target artists who remain popular but no longer perform, many tribute bands attempt to recreate another bands music as faithfully as possible, but some such bands introduce a twist. Dread Zeppelin performs reggae versions of the Zeppelin catalog and Beatallica creates heavy metal fusions of songs by the Beatles, there are also situations in which a member of a tribute band will go on to greater success, sometimes with the original act they tribute. One notable example is Tim Ripper Owens who, once the singer of Judas Priest tribute band British Steel. Cover acts or bands are entertainers who perform a variety of crowd-pleasing cover songs for audiences who enjoy the familiarity of hit songs
18.
Gilby Clarke
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Clarkes production work includes albums by L. A. Guns, Bullets and Octane, The Bronx and Vains of Jenna. Gilby Clarke started his career during the first half of the Eighties, replacing Candys original guitarist, Geoff Siegel. Gilby eventually replaced the lead vocalist and penned several unreleased fan favorites including. The bands MTV played video of Whatever Happened to Fun. was a bridge between the Beatles A Hard Days Night and Michael Jacksons Billie Jean. The album produced numerous L. A. anthems such as American Kix and he left them to form Kill for Thrills, a metal band which released the EP Commercial Suicide and the LP Dynamite from Nightmareland and before eventually disbanding. Kill for Thrills was a supergroup of sorts with Jason Nesmith on Guitar, Muscat is also the brother of Brent Muscat. All members have roots in the Los Angeles rock scene. His first show with the band was December 5,1991 in Worchester, during many shows throughout the tour, Rose introduced Clarke and had him play Wild Horses, a Rolling Stones cover with Slash. On November 23,1993, Guns N Roses released a collection of punk, where many of the tracks were recorded with original Guns N Roses guitarist Izzy Stradlin during the Use Your Illusion I and II sessions and then were later re-recorded by Clarke. Gilby Clarkes contract was not renewed and he was gone from the band by 1995, Slash stated in his book that Rose fired Clarke without consulting anyone, claiming he was only a hired hand. Clarke was not involved in the recording of Sympathy for the Devil, officially I was in the band at that time, and they did that song without me. Clarke also mentioned that before the show of the Use Your Illusion Tour, Rose came up to him and told him Hey. Clarke later sued the band over the use of his likeness in Guns N Roses Pinball, Clarkes only other appearances on a Guns N Roses release would be on the live and compilation albums Live Era 87–93 and Greatest Hits. Clarke is featured on Guns N Roses video releases Use Your Illusion I, Use Your Illusion II, Clarke and Alice in Chains bassist Mike Inez soon started to come around to jam with them. They eventually recorded twelve demo songs, eric Dover, live guitarist for Jellyfish, successfully auditioned to become the groups singer. Slash and Dover wrote the lyrics for all the tracks, except Monkey Chow which was contributed by Clarke, the album was released by Geffen Records in February 1995 charting at No.70 on the Billboard 200. With Guns N Roses regrouping to record a new album, Snakepit disbanded with Clarke resuming his solo career, in 1994, he released his debut solo album Pawnshop Guitars on Virgin Records which featured contributions from several of his close friends. Ryan Roxie on guitar, Will Effertz on Bass and Marc Danzeisen Drums and backing vocals, since then he has released another three solo albums, The Hangover, Rubber and 2002s Swag as well as the live album 99 Live
19.
Izzy Stradlin
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Jeffrey Dean Isbell, best known as Izzy Stradlin, is an American guitarist, singer and songwriter. He is best known as the co-founder and former rhythm guitarist of the rock band Guns N Roses, which he left at the height of their fame in 1991. Following his departure from Guns N Roses, Stradlin fronted his own rock band Izzy Stradlin and he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N Roses in 2012. Stradlin was born as Jeffrey Dean Isbell in Lafayette, Indiana and his father was an engraver, and his mother worked for a phone company, they divorced when he was eight. Of his hometown, Stradlin later said, It was cool growing up there, theres a courthouse and a college, a river and railroad tracks. Its a small town, so there wasnt much to do and we rode bikes, smoked pot, got into trouble—it was pretty Beavis and Butt-Head actually. Stradlin developed an interest in early in life, by the age of eight, his musical favorites included Bob Dylan, Pink Floyd, Alice Cooper. His biggest musical influence was his grandmother, who played drums in a swing jazz band with her friends. Inspired, Stradlin talked his parents into buying him a drum kit, in high school, Stradlin started a band with his friends, one of whom was singer William Bailey, later known as Axl Rose. Stradlin recalled, We were long-haired guys in high school and you were either a jock or a stoner. We werent jocks, so we ended up hanging out together, wed play covers in the garage. There were no clubs to play at, so we never made it out of the garage, despite his aversion to school, Stradlin graduated in 1979 with a D average. Set on a career in music, he moved to Los Angeles. Shortly after his arrival in Los Angeles, Stradlin joined punk band Naughty Women and that was my introduction to the rock scene in L. A. His two-month tenure in Naughty Women was followed by a stint in punk band The Atoms, before his drum kit was stolen from his car, Stradlin then joined the heavy metal band Shire, during which he took up rhythm guitar to aid his songwriting. In 1983, Stradlin formed Hollywood Rose with his childhood friend Axl Rose, the group disbanded in August, following which Stradlin briefly joined Sunset Strip staple London. He also formed the short-lived band Stalin with singer Eric Leach, in December, he reunited with Hollywood Rose. In March 1985, Stradlin founded Guns N Roses with Axl Rose, by June, the line-up consisted of Rose, guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Stradlin, bass guitarist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler
20.
Use Your Illusion I
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Use Your Illusion I is the third studio album by American rock band Guns N Roses. Released on September 17,1991, It was the first of two released in conjunction with the Use Your Illusion Tour, the other being Use Your Illusion II. The album debuted at No.2 on the Billboard charts, selling 685,000 copies in its first week, Use Your Illusion I has sold 5,502,000 units in the U. S. as of 2010, according to Nielsen SoundScan. Each of the Use Your Illusion albums have been certified 7× Platinum by the RIAA and it was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1992. The Use Your Illusion albums represent a point in the sound of Guns N Roses. This is exemplified by the use of piano on tracks of this album by lead singer Axl Rose and keyboardist Dizzy Reed. Use Your Illusion I contains two of the three songs, November Rain and Dont Cry, whose videos are generally regarded by fans as a trilogy, the third song, Estranged, can be found on Use Your Illusion II. Another factor in the different sound to this album compared to the earlier work is the addition of former The Cult drummer Matt Sorum. Adler was earlier fired from the due to a serious heroin addiction. Guitarist Izzy Stradlin said of the change, Adlers sense of swing was the push, when that was gone, it was just. I would have preferred to continue with Steve, but wed had two years off and we couldnt wait any longer, a number of songs on the album were written in the bands early days. They were not included on Appetite for Destruction but can be found on the so-called Rumbo Tapes, back Off Bitch, Bad Obsession, Dont Cry, November Rain, and The Garden are considered part of this group. There is also a cover of Paul McCartney and Wings Live, besides the stylistic differences, another new aspect seen in Use Your Illusion I was longer songs. November Rain, a ballad, is nearly nine minutes long. Another change was the presence of tracks sung by members of the band, lead vocals on Dust N Bones, You Aint the First. In addition,14 Years and So Fine from Use Your Illusion II were sung by Izzy Stradlin and Duff McKagan, the band had some difficulty achieving the final sound of the album, especially during the mixing stages of the production of both albums. Slash has stated that a deal of the material for the album was written on acoustic guitars in a couple of nights at his house. Right Next Door to Hell is a product of discord between Axl and his West Hollywood high rise neighbor, Gabriella Kantor, Kantor had Rose arrested and sued Rose, claiming he hit her with a wine bottle
21.
Extended play
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An extended play is a musical recording that contains more tracks than a single, but is usually unqualified as an album or LP. EPs generally do not contain as many tracks as albums, and are considered less expensive, an EP originally referred to specific types of vinyl records other than 78 rpm standard play and LP, but it is now applied to mid-length CDs and downloads as well. Ricardo Baca of The Denver Post said, EPs—originally extended-play single releases that are shorter than traditional albums—have long been popular with punk, in the United Kingdom, the Official Chart Company defines a boundary between EP and album classification at 25 minutes of length or four tracks. EPs were released in various sizes in different eras, the earliest multi-track records, issued around 1919 by Grey Gull Records, were vertically cut 78 rpm discs known as 2-in-1 records. These had finer than usual grooves, like Edison Disc Records, by 1949, when the 45 rpm single and 33 1⁄3 rpm LP were competing formats, seven-inch 45 rpm singles had a maximum playing time of only about four minutes per side. Partly as an attempt to compete with the LP introduced in 1948 by rival Columbia, RCA Victor introduced Extended Play 45s during 1952. Their narrower grooves, achieved by lowering the levels and sound compression optionally. These were usually 10-inch LPs split onto two seven-inch EPs or 12-inch LPs split onto three seven-inch EPs, either separately or together in gatefold covers. This practice became less common with the advent of triple-speed-available phonographs. Some classical music albums released at the beginning of the LP era were distributed as EP albums—notably the seven operas that Arturo Toscanini conducted on radio between 1944 and 1954. These opera EPs, originally broadcast on the NBC Radio network and manufactured by RCA, in the 1990s, they began appearing on compact discs. During the 1950s, RCA published several EP albums of Walt Disney movies and these usually featured the original casts of actors and actresses. Each album contained two seven-inch records, plus an illustrated booklet containing the text of the recording, so that children could follow along by reading. Some of the titles included Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Pinocchio, and what was then a recent release, because of the popularity of 7 and other formats, SP records became less popular and the production of SPs in Japan was suspended in 1963. In the 1950s and 1960s, EPs were usually compilations of singles or album samplers and were played at 45 rpm on seven-inch discs. Record Retailer printed the first EP chart in 1960, the New Musical Express, Melody Maker, Disc and Music Echo and the Record Mirror continued to list EPs on their respective singles charts. The Beatles Twist and Shout outsold most singles for some weeks in 1963, when the BBC and Record Retailer commissioned the British Market Research Bureau to compile a chart it was restricted to singles and EPs disappeared from the listings. In the Philippines, seven-inch EPs marketed as mini-LPs were introduced in 1970, with tracks selected from an album and this mini-LP format also became popular in America in the early 1970s for promotional releases, and also for use in jukeboxes
22.
Hanoi Rocks
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Hanoi Rocks was a Finnish rock band formed in 1979. They were the first Finnish band to chart in the UK, the band broke up in June 1985 after the drummer Nicholas Razzle Dingley had died in a car accident during their first US tour in December 1984. Original vocalist Michael Monroe and guitarist Andy McCoy reunited in 2001 with a new line-up of Hanoi Rocks until 2009. Although musically closer to rock n roll and punk, Hanoi Rocks have been cited as a major influence in the glam metal genre for bands such as Guns N Roses, Skid Row. Hanoi Rocks was formed in Helsinki in 1980 by Michael Monroe and his friend, guitarist Andy McCoy. McCoy did not join the band immediately, because he was the guitarist for the Finnish punk band Pelle Miljoona Oy. McCoy allowed Monroe to form the band with an agreement that McCoy would join later. The original lineup of Hanoi Rocks was Michael Monroe on vocals, former Pelle Miljoona Oy guitarist Stefan Piesnack, Monroes guitarist Nasty Suicide, bassist Nedo Soininen, and drummer Peki Sirola. The band toured Finnish clubs, playing McCoy and Monroes own songs and covers like Cheap Tricks Hes a Whore, The Polices Born in the 50s and MC5s Looking at You. At one of the bands first shows was Seppo Vesterinen, who had brought big name artists like Iggy Pop, Vesterinen soon became the bands manager after speaking with McCoy and Monroe. In late 1980 Andy McCoy left Pelle Miljoona Oy to join Hanoi Rocks, McCoy replaced Stefan Piesnack, who had been arrested for drug possession, and Yaffa replaced Nedo. By then Peki had left the band, and when it relocated to Stockholm, they hired an old friend of Monroe and McCoys, drummer Gyp Casino. When the band moved to Stockholm, its members lived mostly in the streets, begging for money, except Andy McCoy, in November 1980, the band struck a deal with Johanna Kustannus and released its debut single, I Want You / Kill City Kills. I Want You was a new version of the Swedish song Vill ha dig by Heartbreak, McCoy had translated the song, whose title means I Want You in Swedish, into English and claimed it as his own. Kill City Kills was one of McCoys oldest songs, which he had written when he was hanging around at a Finnish block called Kill City, Gyp Casino was the bands drummer but did not play on the single as he was recording with another band in Stockholm. The band launched a 102-day tour in January 1981, which is believed to be the longest rock tour in Finnish history, the tour developed the bands energetic and wild playing style, which audiences were slow to find pleasing but later praised the band for. The second single Tragedy / Café Avenue, written by McCoy when he was fifteen or sixteen years old, was released in February 1981. That same month, the band released its album, Bangkok Shocks, Saigon Shakes, Hanoi Rocks, produced by Michael Monroe and Andy McCoy. The album was well-received, reaching number five on the Finnish album charts, in September 1981, after extensive tours in Sweden and Finland, the band moved to London, where it recorded its second album
23.
Michael Monroe
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Michael Monroe was born Matti Makke Fagerholm on 17 June 1962. His father, Pentti Fagerholm, was a well known Finnish radio personality. Monroe states in the Hanoi Rocks autobiography All Those Wasted Years that one of the first times he was exposed to rock n roll was when he saw Black Sabbaths 1970 Paris performance on television. Some other favourite bands of Monroes at the included, Alice Cooper, The New York Dolls, Led Zeppelin, Creedence Clearwater Revival. From 1976 to 1979, Monroe played in a band called Madness, during this time, while rehearsing in a basement of a church in Töölö, Monroe met guitarist Andy McCoy, McCoys band, Briard, was also rehearsing there at the time. Later, Monroe and McCoy played together for a time in a band called Bolin. Monroe then went on to play saxophone in Maukka Perusjätkäs band, Monroe auditioned as a bassist for Pelle Miljoona Oy but, even though the audition went well, they chose bassist Sami Yaffa. Hanoi Rocks was a band that Monroe and his friend, guitarist Andy McCoy had thought of, from the very first Hanoi line-up only one member remained, rhythm guitarist Nasty Suicide, who would stay in the band until 1985. Andy McCoy left Pelle Miljoona Oy and joined Hanoi Rocks in 1980, McCoy also brought bassist Sam Yaffa with him. The band later recruited drummer Gyp Casino, the band released their first album in 1981 titled Bangkok Shocks, Saigon Shakes, Hanoi Rocks, with most of the songs written by McCoy. The album was produced by Andy McCoy and Michael Monroe, who were known as The Muddy Twins, after the albums release, the band fired drummer Gyp Casino and hired Nicholas Dingley, better known as Razzle. This line-up, consisting of Michael Monroe, Andy McCoy, Nasty Suicide, Sam Yaffa and Razzle, has often cited as the classic. The band has said that Razzle revitalised them, later that year, the band released Self Destruction Blues, which had Razzle on the cover, but he didnt play on the album because it was actually a compilation of old singles. The tour for the album took the band to Asia for the first time, the next year,1983, the band released Back to Mystery City. In 1984, the band got together with legendary producer Bob Ezrin, the original title of the album was Silver Missiles and Nightingales, but this was changed before release. The album has been cited as one of the best glam rock albums, in 1984, Michael Monroe and Hanoi Rocks were among the most popular performers in the UK. The readers of the Sounds magazine voted Hanoi Rocks as the second best band in the world just after Marillion, the Hanoi Rocks single release Underwater World and the album Two Steps from the Move were voted as the fifth best single and album of the year. The televised concert which Hanoi Rocks recorded in England was voted as the second best concert video, and as stage performers, Michael Monroe was voted as The Sex Symbol of the Year
24.
Slash (musician)
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Saul Hudson, better known by his stage name Slash, is a British-born American musician and songwriter. He is best known as the lead guitarist of the American rock band Guns N Roses, with whom he achieved success in the late 1980s. During his later years with Guns N Roses, Slash formed the side project Slashs Snakepit, after leaving Guns N Roses in 1996, he co-founded the supergroup Velvet Revolver, which re-established him as a mainstream performer in the mid to late 2000s. Slash has since released three albums, Slash, featuring an array of famous guest musicians, and Apocalyptic Love and World on Fire, recorded with his band, Myles Kennedy. He returned to Guns N Roses in 2016, nearly 20 years after he had left, Slash has received critical acclaim as a guitarist. During 2010 Gibson Guitar Corporation ranked Slash as No.34 on their Top 50 Guitarists of All Time, in 2012, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N Roses classic line-up. Saul Hudson was born in Hampstead, London and he was named for Saul Steinberg, an artist. During his early years, Slash was raised by his father and paternal grandparents in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, when Slash was around five years old, he and his father joined his mother in Los Angeles, California. His brother, Albion Ash Hudson, was born in 1972, following his parents separation in 1974, Slash became a self-described problem child. He chose to live with his mother and was sent to live with his beloved maternal grandmother whenever his mother had to travel for her job. Slash sometimes accompanied his mother to work, where he met several film and he was given the nickname Slash by actor Seymour Cassel, because he was always in a hurry, zipping around from one thing to another. In 1979, Slash decided to form a band with his friend Steven Adler, the band never materialized, but it prompted Slash to take up an instrument. Since Adler had designated himself the role of guitarist, Slash decided to learn how to play bass, equipped with a one-string flamenco guitar given to him by his grandmother, he began taking classes with Robert Wolin, a teacher at Fairfax Music School. During his first lesson, Slash decided to switch from bass to guitar after hearing Wolin play Brown Sugar by The Rolling Stones and his decision to play guitar was further influenced by one of his school teachers, who would play songs by Cream and Led Zeppelin for his students. As a result, Slash stated, When I heard him do that, I said, a champion BMX rider, Slash put the bike aside to devote himself to playing guitar, practicing up to 12 hours a day. Slash joined his first band, Tidus Sloan, in 1981, in 1983, he formed the band Road Crew—named for the Motörhead song The Road Crew—with his childhood friend Steven Adler, who by then had learned to play drums. He placed an advertisement in a looking for a bassist. They auditioned a number of singers, including one-time Black Flag vocalist Ron Reyes, Slash disbanded the group the following year due to them not being able to find a singer, as well as Adlers lack of work ethic compared to himself and McKagan
25.
Matt Sorum
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Matthew William Matt Sorum is an American drummer and percussionist. He is best known as both a member of the hard rock band Guns N Roses, with whom he recorded three studio albums, and as a member of the supergroup Velvet Revolver. Sorum is currently a member of the project, Kings of Chaos. Sorum was also a member of Guns N Roses side-projects, Slashs Snakepit and Neurotic Outsiders, after performing on synthpop band Y Kant Tori Reads sole album, Sorum joined The Cult in 1989 to tour in support of their fourth studio album, Sonic Temple. During the tour, Sorum was spotted by Guns N Roses guitarist Slash, remaining in the band for seven years, Sorum recorded the albums, Use Your Illusion I, Use Your Illusion II, and The Spaghetti Incident. Before departing in 1997 following an argument with Axl Rose.1, in 2012, Sorum founded a touring project, entitled Kings of Chaos, featuring members of Guns N Roses, Deep Purple, Def Leppard, Aerosmith, ZZ Top, Cheap Trick and Slipknot. In 2012, Sorum was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N Roses, Sorum was born Matthew William Sorum on November 19,1960, in an unincorporated area of Orange County, California that later became the city of Mission Viejo. He started to play drums after watching Ringo Starr with The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1964, later he was mainly influenced by Ian Paice, Keith Moon, Ginger Baker, John Bonham, Roger Taylor, Buddy Rich and Bill Ward. In his first couple of years in school, Sorum was part of the Mission Viejo Marching Bands drum section. Sorum started out in Mission Viejo as a local hot musician in 1975, prophecy played many gigs ranging from high schools to concerts, all the way to the Hollywood scene, where they played clubs like Gazzarris in 1977. They recorded their first tracks at the Doug Moodys Mystic Studios in Hollywood, Chateau played the Hollywood circuit, appearing at Gazzarris and almost getting into a fight with the original members of the band Ratt, which at the time was known as Mickey Ratt. Sorums work with Chateau produced a four song set that was covered by radio stations for a short time. Sorum left and went to Hollywood to play with a series of bands, including Population Five and he then left on a tour around the country with a blues guitarist, playing nightclubs and bars. In 1988, he was recruited to play on the album of Y Kant Tori Read. In the wake of that project, he joined The Cult as their drummer for the 1989 tour in support of Sonic Temple. In 1989, Slash saw Sorum live with The Cult on their Sonic Temple tour and, shortly after, Sorum with Guns N Roses can be heard on Use Your Illusion I, Use Your Illusion II, The Spaghetti Incident. The 1994 cover of The Rolling Stones track Sympathy for the Devil, Sorum featured fully on the lengthy Use Your Illusion Tour, drumming on all of the 194 shows,9 legs and to over 7 million fans. In 1995, Sorum formed Slashs Snakepit with Slash and Gilby Clarke, Sorum also lent his drumming skills in the theme song for the 1995 20th Century Fox film, Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, The Movie
26.
Andy McCoy
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Antti Hulkko, better known as Andy McCoy, is a Finnish musician. He is most famous for his role as the lead guitarist and main songwriter of Hanoi Rocks, McCoys works cover a wide range of music genres, including rock n roll, punk rock, flamenco, glam punk, glam rock, blues rock and hard rock. He is also known to be an avid painter, before Hanoi Rocks, McCoy had become well known in his home country, Finland, due to his work in the punk rock band Pelle Miljoona Oy. During this time McCoy was talking with Matti Fagerholm to start a band of their own, after McCoy left Pelle Miljoona Oy, he joined Monroe in Hanoi Rocks, with another former-Pelle Miljoona Oy member, Sam Yaffa. At this point, the Hanoi Rocks line-up consisted of Michael Monroe, Andy McCoy, Nasty Suicide, Sam Yaffa, Hanoi Rocks released their first album in 1981 titled Bangkok Shocks, Saigon Shakes, Hanoi Rocks, with eight out of ten tracks written by McCoy. The album was produced by Andy McCoy and Michael Monroe who were known as The Muddy Twins, in 1982 Hanoi Rocks recorded and released their second studio album Oriental Beat in London. The original covers back side featured Andy McCoys then girlfriend Annas naked breasts painted blue, after the albums release, the band moved to London the same year, and subsequently fired drummer Gyp Casino before hiring Hanoi Rocks fan Nicholas Dingley, better known as Razzle, as drummer. The line-up with Razzle is considered the definitive version of Hanoi Rocks, later that year the band released Self Destruction Blues, which had Razzle on the cover, but he didnt play on the album, because it was actually a compilation of old singles. The tour for the album took the band to Asia for the first time, the next year 1983, the band released Back to Mystery City and after that, in 1984, the band worked with producer Bob Ezrin, and released Two Steps from the Move. Before this, McCoy had written most of the songs by himself and he also got some help with the lyrics from legendary Ian Hunter. After Razzles death, Sam Yaffa left the band due to differences with McCoy. The band tried out new members, but things didnt work out, in 2001 McCoy and Michael Monroe started working together again and decided to reform Hanoi Rocks with two new members on guitar and bass, with Michael Monroes solo career drummer, Lacu. They released Twelve Shots on the Rocks that same year, in 2005 they released Another Hostile Takeover with new members Andy Christell on bass and Conny Bloom on guitar. In 2007 the band released the album Street Poetry, in 2008 Andy McCoy and Michael Monroe stated that they had taken the band as far as they could and so they decided to end the band. Hanoi Rocks played 8 sold out gigs in 6 days at Tavastia Club. The original guitarist Nasty Suicide appeared as a special guest on three of the last gigs, the band was perceived as being the next stage of Hanoi Rocks. The music of The Cherry Bombz was actually similar to that of Hanoi Rocks. The band carried out a tour and released numerous singles and an EP
27.
The Stooges
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After releasing two albums—The Stooges and Fun House —the group disbanded briefly, and reformed with a different lineup to release Raw Power before breaking up again in 1974. The band reunited in 2003 and was active until 2016 following the deaths of several original members, the Stooges are widely regarded as a seminal proto-punk act and as instrumental in the development of punk rock, alternative rock, heavy metal music and rock music at large. The Stooges were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010, in 2004, Rolling Stone ranked them 78th on their list of the 100 greatest artists of all time. Iggy Pop played drums in several Ann Arbor-area bands as a teenager, including the Iguanas and, later, the Prime Movers nicknamed Osterberg Iggy in reference to his earlier band. Osterberg was first inspired to form the Stooges after meeting blues drummer Sam Lay during a visit to Chicago, upon returning to Detroit, Osterberg sought to create a new form of blues music that was not derivative of historical precedents. Ron Asheton and Scott Asheton and Dave Alexander composed the rest of the band, the three nicknamed Osterberg Pop after a local character whom Osterberg resembled. Shortly after witnessing an MC5 concert in Ann Arbor, Osterberg began using the stage name Iggy Pop, though the Stooges had formed, Iggy Pop attributes two key motivating influences to move the band forward. The first was seeing The Doors perform at a dance for the University of Michigan. The second was seeing an all-girls rock band from Princeton, New Jersey called The Untouchable perform, in a 1995 interview with Bust Magazine, he relates, I had the Stooges. And we did not have the balls to get out and do it. There were two things that made us do it, one was seeing that show, we saw that show and I just thought, well, this is so brazen, there is no excuse for us not to do it anymore. And the other thing was we went to New York. ”And we didn’t have anywhere to crash, and they played for us, and they completely rocked, and we were really ashamed. ”The bands 1967 debut was at their communal State Street house on Halloween night, followed by their next live gig, January 1968. During this early period, the Stooges were originally billed as the Psychedelic Stooges at the Grande Ballroom in Detroit, Michigan, and other venues, where they played with the band MC5 and others. At one of their early Grande Ballroom performances, Ashetons guitar neck separated from the forcing the band to stop playing during the opening song. Homemade instruments were also incorporated to flesh out the overall sound, the Jim-a-phone involved pushing feedback through a funnel device which was raised and lowered to achieve the best effect. The Stooges soon gained a reputation for their wild, primitive live performances, Pop is sometimes credited with the invention or popularization of stage diving. In 1968 Elektra Records sent DJ/publicist Danny Fields to scout the MC5, the contracts were at different pay rates, MC5 $20,000, the Stooges $5,000, as revealed in the 2016 Jim Jarmusch film, Gimme Danger. In 1969, the released their self-titled debut album, sales were low
28.
Zodiac Killer
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The Zodiac Killer was a serial killer who operated in northern California in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The Zodiac murdered victims in Benicia, Vallejo, Lake Berryessa, four men and three women between the ages of 16 and 29 were targeted. The killer originated the name Zodiac in a series of taunting letters sent to the local Bay Area press, of the four cryptograms sent, only one has been definitively solved. Suspects have been named by law enforcement and amateur investigators, the San Francisco Police Department marked the case inactive in April 2004, but re-opened it at some point prior to March 2007. The case also remains open in the city of Vallejo, as well as in Napa County, the California Department of Justice has maintained an open case file on the Zodiac murders since 1969. Although the Zodiac claimed 37 murders in letters to the newspapers, investigators agree on only seven confirmed victims, two of whom survived. They are, David Arthur Faraday,17, and Betty Lou Jensen,16, shot and killed on December 20,1968, on Lake Herman Road, within the city limits of Benicia. Coordinates, 38°5′41. 61″N 122°8′38. 24″W Michael Renault Mageau,19, while Mageau survived the attack, Ferrin was pronounced dead on arrival at Kaiser Foundation Hospital. Coordinates, 38°7′33. 56″N 122°11′27. 94″W Bryan Calvin Hartnell,20, Hartnell survived eight stab wounds to the back, but Shepard died as a result of her injuries on September 29,1969. Coordinates, 38°33′48. 29″N 122°13′54. 43″W Paul Lee Stine,29, shot and killed on October 11,1969, Edwards and Domingos were identified as possible Zodiac victims because of specific similarities between their attack and the Zodiacs attack at Lake Berryessa six years later. Coordinates, 34°28′11. 20″N 120°10′7. 14″W Cheri Jo Bates,18, stabbed to death and nearly decapitated on October 30,1966, College coordinates, 33°58′19″N 117°22′52″W Donna Lass,25, last seen September 6,1970, in Stateline, Nevada. No evidence has been uncovered to connect Lasss disappearance with the Zodiac Killer definitively. There is also a suspected third escapee from the Zodiac Killer, Kathleen Johns,22, allegedly abducted on March 22,1970, on Highway 132 near I-580, in an area west of Modesto. Johns escaped from the car of a man who drove her and her infant daughter around the area between Stockton and Patterson for approximately 1½ hours, the couple were on their first date and planned to attend a Christmas concert at Hogan High School about three blocks from Jensens home. The couple instead visited a friend before stopping at a local restaurant, at about 10,15 p. m. Faraday parked his mothers Rambler in a gravel turnout, which was a well-known lovers lane. Shortly after 11,00 p. m. their bodies were found by Stella Borges, the Solano County Sheriffs Department investigated the crime but no leads developed. Utilizing available forensic data, Robert Graysmith postulated that another car pulled into the turnout, just prior to 11,00 pm, the killer apparently exited the second car and walked toward the Rambler, possibly ordering the couple out of the Rambler. Jensen appeared to have exited the car first, yet when Faraday was halfway out, fleeing from the killer, Jensen was gunned down twenty-eight feet from the car with five shots through her back
29.
Steven Adler
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Steven Adler is an American musician. He is best known as the drummer and co-songwriter of the hard rock band Guns N Roses. Adler was fired from Guns N Roses over his addiction in 1990, following which he reformed his old band Road Crew and briefly joined BulletBoys. During the 2000s, Adler was the drummer of the band Adlers Appetite, in early 2017, Steven Adler declared that he has no intentions to continue with the band, and that the band has been inactive for several months. He appeared on the second and fifth seasons of the reality TV show Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew and he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012 as a member of Guns N Roses. Adler was born Michael Coletti in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of an Italian-American father, Michael Coletti, after his father left the family, his mother moved with her children to Los Angeles, California. He has a brother, Kenny, and a younger half-brother. Adler grew up in the San Fernando Valley until the age of 13, at Bancroft Junior High, Adler befriended Saul Hudson, later known as Slash, they met when Adler had a skateboarding accident and Slash stopped to help him. After ninth grade, Adler returned to his parents house in the Valley for the remainder of high school, after his return to Hollywood in 1983, Adler auditioned for Sunset Strip staple London. When the audition proved unsuccessful, he formed the band Road Crew—named after the Motörhead song The Road Crew—with his childhood friend Slash and they placed an advertisement in a newspaper looking for a bassist, and received a response from Duff McKagan. They auditioned a number of singers, including one-time Black Flag vocalist Ron Reyes, Slash disbanded the group the following year due to their inability to find an adequate lead vocalist, as well as Adlers laziness compared to himself and McKagan. Adler then briefly joined a band known as Hollywood Rose. In June 1985, Adler joined Guns N Roses, which was founded by Axl Rose, Izzy Stradlin. His former Road Crew band mates Slash and Duff McKagan completed the line-up and they played nightclubs—such as the Whisky a Go Go, The Roxy, and The Troubadour—and opened for larger acts throughout 1985 and 1986. After being scouted by major record labels, the band signed with Geffen Records in March 1986. *@ Like a Suicide. Adler was again absent during a performance at the American Music Awards in January 1989 and his absence was originally attributed to a case of the flu, but it was later revealed that Adler had been in a drug rehabilitation program at the time. Adler was among those who promised to clean up, but he continued to struggle with his addiction, Adler was briefly fired from the band over his drug use in early 1990, but he was reinstated after signing a contract in which he vowed to stop taking drugs. However, by the time the band entered the studio to record the song Civil War, by Adlers own admission, he tried to play the song 20, maybe 30 times
30.
Estranged (song)
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Estranged is a power ballad and music video by the American hard rock band Guns N Roses. It is from the part of their two-part Use Your Illusion album. The song reached #16 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in early 1994, at over nine minutes long, Estranged, also known for its music video, is the longest song on Use Your Illusion II and Guns N Roses second longest song overall. It has many verses, no set chorus, and several distinguished guitar, Use Your Illusion IIs liner notes thank lead guitarist Slash for the killer guitar melodies, which captured Axl Roses vision. According to Slash, the song was written while the band was rehearsing for a period of time in Chicago. Axl revealed that he wrote the song during a more bummed out time in his life when his marriage with Erin Everly was annulled. Released in December 1993, the music video is the third part of an unofficial Del James series of videos from the Use Your Illusion I. The estimated budget was US$4 million, the video is similar in style to the previous two in the trilogy. Estranged was played very frequently during the Use Your Illusion Tour from 1991 to 1993. During performances of song, Dizzy Reed would play piano instead of Axl Rose. A live version of song can be heard on Live Era. During the Chinese Democracy Tour, a riff from the song was included in Ron Thals solo interpretation of the Pink Panther Theme. In December 2008, Axl spoke of his desire to bring Estranged back into the live set. The song was featured with regularity on the tour from 2012-2014 and it has been played at almost every show on the Not in This Lifetime
31.
Quotation marks
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The pair consists of an opening quotation mark and a closing quotation mark, which may or may not be the same character. Quotation marks have a variety of forms in different languages and in different media, the double quotation mark is older than the single. By the middle sixteenth century, printers had developed a form of this notation. In most other languages, including English, the marginal marks dropped out of use in the last years of the eighteenth century, the usage of a pair of marks, closing and opening, at the level of lower case letters was generalized. By the nineteenth century, the design and usage began to be specific within each region, in Western Europe the usage became to use the quotation marks in pairs but “pointing” outside. In Britain those marks were elevated to the height of the top of capital letters. In France, by the end of the century those marks were modified to a more angular shape. Some authors claim that the reason for this was a one, in order to get a character that was clearly distinguishable from the apostrophes, the commas. Other authors claim that the reason for this was an aesthetical one, nevertheless, while other languages do not insert a space between the quotation marks and the word, the French usage does insert them, even if it is a narrow space. The curved quotation marks usage was exported to some non-Latin scripts, the angular quotation marks usage was exported to some non-Latin scripts, like Greek, Cyrillic, Arabic and Ethiopic. The Far East angle brackets quotation marks are also a development of the angular quotation marks. In Central Europe, however, the practice was to use the marks in pairs. The German tradition preferred the curved quotation marks, the first one at the level of the commas, alternatively, these marks still “pointed” inside but could be angular and in-line with lower case letters. Some neighboring regions adopted the German tradition but some adopted the second mark as “pointing” to the right. In Sweden, both marks “pointed” to the right but both were at the top level, neither at the bottom, in Eastern Europe there was a hesitation between the French tradition and the German tradition. The single quotation mark emerged around 1800 as a means of indicating a level of quotation. One could expect that the logic would be the corresponding single mark everywhere, British English tends to reverse the usage — single quotation marks are primary, and double quotation marks are secondary —this distinction, however, dating back to around the 1960s. In some languages using the quotation marks, the usage of single ones became obsolete, being replaced by double curved ones
32.
Question mark
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The question mark is a punctuation mark that indicates an interrogative clause or phrase in many languages. The question mark is not used for indirect questions, the question mark glyph is also often used in place of missing or unknown data. In Unicode, it is encoded at U+003F, lynne Truss attributes an early form of the modern question mark in western language to Alcuin of York. Truss describes the punctus interrogativus of the late 8th century as and this earliest question mark was a decoration of one of these dots, with the lightning flash perhaps meant to denote intonation, and perhaps associated with early musical notation like neumes. It has also suggested that the glyph derives from the Latin quaestiō, meaning question. The lowercase q was written above the o, and this mark was transformed into the modern symbol. According to a 2011 discovery by a Cambridge manuscript expert, Syriac was the first language to use a mark to indicate an interrogative sentence. The Syriac question mark has the form of a double dot. In English, the question mark typically occurs at the end of a sentence, however, the question mark may also occur at the end of a clause or phrase, where it replaces the comma, Is it good in form. Or, Showing off for him, for all of them, what did he have to be hubrid about. —but from mood and nervousness. This is quite common in Spanish, where the use of bracketing question marks explicitly indicates the scope of interrogation, en el caso de que no puedas ir con ellos, ¿quieres ir con nosotros. In Spanish, since the edition of the Ortografía of the Royal Academy in 1754. An interrogative sentence, clause, or phrase begins with a question mark ⟨¿⟩ and ends with the question mark ⟨. ⟩, as in, Ella me pregunta «¿qué hora es. » – She asks me. The one exception is when the mark is matched with an exclamation mark, as in. – Who do you think you are, nonetheless, even here the Academy recommends matching punctuation, ¡¿Quién te has creído que eres. Other languages of Spain, Catalan and Galician also uses the opening question mark though usually only in long sentences or in cases which would otherwise be ambiguous. Basque only use one question mark, in Armenian the question mark takes the form of an open circle and is placed over the last vowel of the question word. It is defined in Unicode at U+055E ՞ ARMENIAN QUESTION MARK, the Greek question mark appeared around the same time as the Latin one, in the 8th century
33.
Charles Manson
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Charles Milles Manson, 136–7 is an American criminal and former cult leader who led what became known as the Manson Family, a quasi-commune that arose in California in the late 1960s. Mansons followers committed a series of nine murders at four locations over a period of five weeks in the middle of 1969. In 1971 he was guilty of conspiracy to commit the murders of seven people – most notably of the actress Sharon Tate – all of which were carried out by members of the group at his instruction. He is currently serving nine concurrent life sentences at Corcoran State Prison in Corcoran, Manson believed in what he called Helter Skelter, a term he took from the Beatles song of the same name. Manson believed Helter Skelter to be an impending race war. He believed the murders would help precipitate that war, from the beginning of his notoriety, a pop culture arose around him in which he ultimately became an emblem of insanity, violence and the macabre. At the time the Family began to form, Manson was a former convict. Before the murders, he was a singer-songwriter on the fringe of the Los Angeles music industry, chiefly through an association with Dennis Wilson, drummer. After Manson was charged with the crimes of which he was convicted, recordings of songs written. Various musicians have covered some of his songs, born to an unmarried 16-year-old named Kathleen Maddox, in the General Hospital, in Cincinnati, Ohio, Manson was first named no name Maddox. Within weeks, he was called Charles Milles Maddox. 136–7 For a period after his birth and his biological father appears to have been Colonel Walker Scott against whom Kathleen Maddox filed a paternity suit that resulted in an agreed judgment in 1937. In the biography Manson in His Own Words, Colonel Scott is said to have been a young drugstore cowboy, a transient laborer working on a nearby dam project. It is not clear what nearby means, the description is in a paragraph that indicates Kathleen Maddox gave birth to Manson while living in Cincinnati, after she had run away from her own home, in Ashland, Kentucky. There is much about Mansons early life that is in dispute because of the stories he has offered to interviewers. Mansons mother was allegedly a heavy drinker. 136–7 According to Manson, she sold her son for a pitcher of beer to a childless waitress. In 1947, Kathleen Maddox tried to have her son placed in a foster home, the court placed Manson in the Gibault School for Boys in Terre Haute, Indiana. He escaped after one day, but was recaptured and placed in Boys Town, four days after his arrival there, he escaped with another boy. The pair committed two armed robberies on their way to the home of the boys uncle
34.
Doris Tate
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Doris Gwendolyn Tate, an American activist for the rights of crime victims, was best known as the mother of actress Sharon Tate. After Sharon Tate and several others were murdered by members of the Manson Family in 1969 and she was influential in a court decision that amended California criminal laws relating to the rights of victims of violent crime. Born in Houston, Texas, Tate was the daughter of Dorris W. Willett and his wife. Doris was a housewife and mother of three daughters, in 1969, her eldest daughter, Sharon, was at the beginning of a film career, and married to film director Roman Polanski. Eight months pregnant with their first child, Tate and four others were murdered at the Polanskis rented Beverly Hills home in a case that was sensationalized throughout the world. The killers were identified as Charles Tex Watson, Susan Atkins and Patricia Krenwinkel, acting on behalf of the leader of their group. The death sentences were overturned before they could be applied when the State of California temporarily abolished the death penalty, for more than a decade after the murders, Tate battled depression and was withdrawn and unable to discuss her daughters death. In 1982 she was told that Leslie Van Houten had obtained 900 signatures supporting her quest to achieve parole. Tate mounted a campaign against Van Houten, winning the support of the National Enquirer. With more than 350,000 signatures, Tate demonstrated that a number of people opposed Van Houtens parole. Tate then appeared on television talk shows, discussing her opinion of the corrections system. She joined the Los Angeles chapter of the Parents of Murdered Children organization and she later became an active member of the Victim Offender Reconciliation and Justice for Homicide Victims groups. She founded COVER, the Coalition on Victims Equal Rights, and she was part of a group that worked toward the passage of Proposition 8, the Victims Rights Bill, which was passed in 1982. It allowed the presentation of victim impact statements during the sentencing of violent attackers, Tate became the first Californian to make such a statement after the law was passed, when she spoke at the parole hearing of one of her daughters killers. In 1984 she ran for the California State Assembly as an advocate for victims rights, Tates assessment of Manson, Watson, Atkins, Krenwinkel and Van Houten was that their crimes were so vicious as to warrant execution. Addressing Charles Watson at his 1984 parole hearing, she said, What mercy, Sir, what mercy did you show my daughter when she said give me two weeks to have my baby and then you can kill me. When will Sharon come up for parole, will these seven victims and possibly more walk out of their graves if you get paroled. She confronted Watson again at his 1990 parole hearing, Doris Tates health began to deteriorate after she was diagnosed with a brain tumour
35.
Milton Keynes
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Milton Keynes, locally abbreviated to MK, is a large town in Buckinghamshire, England. It is the centre of the Borough of Milton Keynes and was formally designated as a new town on 23 January 1967. It is located about 45 miles north-west of London, at designation, its 89 km2 area incorporated the existing towns of Bletchley, Wolverton, and Stony Stratford, along with another fifteen villages and farmland in between. It took its name from the village of Milton Keynes. In the 1960s, the British government decided that a generation of new towns in the south-east of England was needed to relieve housing congestion in London. Since the 1950s, overspill housing for several London boroughs had been constructed in Bletchley, further studies in the 1960s identified north Buckinghamshire as a possible site for a large new town, a new city, encompassing the existing towns of Bletchley, Stony Stratford and Wolverton. The New Town was to be the biggest yet, with a population of 250,000. The name Milton Keynes was taken from the village of Milton Keynes on the site. On 23 January 1967 when the new town designation order was made. Planning control was taken from elected local authorities and delegated to the Milton Keynes Development Corporation, the Corporations strongly modernist designs featured regularly in the magazines Architectural Design and the Architects Journal. MKDC was determined to learn from the mistakes made in the earlier New Towns and they set in place the characteristic grid roads that run between districts, as well as the intensive planting, lakes and parkland that are so evident today. While still on the board, planners noticed that the main streets near the proposed city centre would almost frame the rising sun on Midsummers Day. CMK was not intended to be a town centre but a central business. This non-hierarchical devolved city plan was a departure from the English New Towns tradition and envisaged a range of industry. The largest and almost the last of the British New Towns, Milton Keynes has stood the test of time far better than most, and has proved flexible and adaptable. The radical grid plan was inspired by the work of Californian urban theorist Melvin M. Webber, described by the architect of Milton Keynes, Derek Walker. From 2004 to 2011 a Government quango, the Milton Keynes Partnership, had development control powers to accelerate the growth of Milton Keynes. Along with many towns and boroughs, Milton Keynes competed for formal city status in the 2000,2002 and 2012 competitions
36.
Sweet Child o' Mine
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Sweet Child o Mine is a song by the American rock band Guns N Roses, featured on their debut album, Appetite for Destruction. It reached number six on the UK Singles Chart, when re-released in 1989, lead guitarist Slash has been quoted as having an initial disdain for the song due to its roots as simply a string skipping exercise and a joke at the time. During a jam session at the house in the Sunset Strip, drummer Steven Adler and Slash were warming up. Rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin asked Slash to play it again, Stradlin came up with some chords, Duff McKagan created a bassline and Adler planned a beat. In his autobiography, Slash said within an hour my guitar exercise had become something else, meanwhile, lead singer Axl Rose was listening to the musicians upstairs in his room and was inspired to write lyrics, which became complete by the following afternoon. He based it on his girlfriend Erin Everly, and declared that Lynyrd Skynyrd served as an inspiration to make sure that wed got that heartfelt feeling, on the next composing session in Burbank, the band added both a bridge and a guitar solo. While the band was recording demos with producer Spencer Proffer, he suggested adding a breakdown at the songs end, the musicians agreed, but were not sure what to do. Listening to the demo in a loop, Rose started saying to himself, and Proffer suggested that he sing that. The Sweet Child o Mine video depicts the band rehearsing in the Huntington Ballroom at Huntington Beach, All of the band members girlfriends at the time were shown in the clip. Rose was dating Erin Everly at the time, whose father is Don Everly of The Everly Brothers fame, mcKagans girlfriend Mandy from the all-female rock band The Lame Flames was there, as was Adlers girlfriend Cheryl and Slashs girlfriend Sally. The video was successful on MTV, and helped launch the song to success on mainstream radio. In an effort to make Sweet Child o Mine more marketable to MTV and radio stations and this move drew the ire of the band members, including Rose, who commented on it in a 1989 interview with Rolling Stone, I hate the edit of Sweet Child O Mine. Radio stations said, Well, your vocals arent cut and my favorite part of the song is Slashs slow solo, its the heaviest part for me. Theres no reason for it to be missing except to create space for commercials. When you get the chopped version of Paradise City or half of Sweet Child and Patience cut, the video uses the same edits as the radio version with the exception of Slashs solo, which is fully intact. A 7-inch vinyl format and cassette single were released, the album version of the song was included on the US single release, while the UK single was the edit/remix version. The 12 vinyl format also contained the longer LP version, the b-side to the single is a non-album, live version of Its So Easy. On an interview on Eddie Trunks New York radio show in May 2006, according to Rose, the video was to depict an Asian woman carrying a baby into a foreign land, only to discover at the end that the child was dead and filled with heroin
37.
Paradise City
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Paradise City is a song by the American rock band Guns N Roses, featured on their debut album, Appetite for Destruction. It was released as a single in November 1988 and it is also the only song on the album to feature a synthesizer. It is most known for its lyrics, Take me down to the Paradise City, where the grass is green. It is also played at sports stadiums during games along with Welcome to the Jungle. The song peaked at five on the Billboard Hot 100, the bands third single to reach the Top 10 in the U. S. Guns N Roses lead guitarist, Slash, states that the song was written in the back of a van as they were on their way back from playing a gig in San Francisco with the band Rock N Riders. He says that the band was in the back of the van, drinking and playing acoustic guitars, Duff McKagan and Izzy Stradlin started playing along. Slash started humming a melody when Axl Rose sang, Take me down to the Paradise City, Slash chimed in with Where the grass is green and the girls are pretty. Rose sang the first line again, where Slash shouted out Where the girls are fat, Slash preferred his second line but the rest of the band felt differently. He was outvoted and they used the first line, the band then expanded upon the rest of the lyrics in rounds. Finally Slash wrapped up by coming up with the riff that drives the song. During a 1988 interview, Rose told Hit Parader magazine that the verses are more about being in the jungle and this song was often used as the bands show-closing song during the Appetite for Destruction Tour, Use Your Illusion Tour and Chinese Democracy Tour. It was also ranked #21 on VH1s 40 Greatest Metal Songs of All Time, #3 in Total Guitar magazines list of the 100 greatest solos of all time and it ranked #453 on Rolling Stoness The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Slash has stated that Paradise City is his favorite Guns N Roses song, in the last two minutes of the song, it changes to double-time and the chorus is repeated several times while Slash plays a guitar solo in the background. Guitarist Andy McCoy has said that the song is copied from several riffs written by his band and he has said that the chorus is just a slower version of the riff in Lost in the City. Axl Rose has often cited Hanoi Rocks as Guns N Roses biggest influence, Hanoi Rocks original rhythm guitarist Nasty Suicide can also be seen in the music video for Paradise City. The style of the riff of Paradise City has also been used by many former Guns N Roses members in new projects. This can be seen in Izzy Stradlins Bomb and Velvet Revolvers Do It for the Kids, according to Tracii Guns of L. A
38.
Farm Aid
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Farm Aid started as a benefit concert held September 22,1985, in Champaign, Illinois, to raise money for family farmers in the United States. The first concert was at University of Illinois Memorial Stadium in Champaign on September 22 before a crowd of 80,000 people. Performers included Bob Dylan, Billy Joel, B. B. King, Roy Orbison, among others, Nelson and Mellencamp then brought family farmers before Congress to testify about the state of family farming in America. Congress subsequently passed the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 to help save family farms from foreclosure. Today, Farm Aid is an organization works to increase awareness of the importance of family farms. The board of directors includes Nelson, Mellencamp, Young, youngs speeches about the environment are a highlight of the annual shows. After the initial concert, the organization established emergency hotlines for farmers, Farm Aid holds a farm disaster fund for farmers who lost their belongings and crops through natural disasters, such as the victims of Hurricane Katrina and the 2011 tornadoes. The funds raised are used to pay the expenses and provide food, legal and financial help. The 2005 concert, marking the 20th anniversary of Farm Aid, took place at the Tweeter Center in Tinley Park, Illinois, through 2016, Farm Aid concerts have been held in the following locations, Official Website Official MySpace Farm Aid 2006 - Behind The Scenes
39.
Chinese Democracy Tour
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The Chinese Democracy Tour was a worldwide concert tour by hard rock band Guns N Roses to promote the groups long-delayed album Chinese Democracy. That year the band played three U. S. dates and a Brazilian one, while their 2002 tour included Asian, North American, the band did not tour again until May 2006, when it toured North America again and performed a major tour of Europe. The bands tour continued in 2007 with shows in Australia, New Zealand, Japan and their first show after the 2008 release of Chinese Democracy was in Taiwan on December 11,2009. In the same month the group played South Korea for the first time, since 2010 the tour has continued with concerts in North America, South/Central America, Europe and Australia. As of late 2010, the tour had attracted a total audience of about 4,000,000 people. The ten-year tour came to a close on the day of 2011. The main lineup changes were in the form of rhythm guitarists, lead guitarists partnering Finck, the 2006/2007 tour lineup—Rose, Reed, Stinson, Pitman, Finck, Fortus, Thal and Ferrer—remained to complete the album, released in 2008. Finck rejoined Nine Inch Nails in 2008, and was replaced by Sixx, the 2001 European Tour was a scheduled concert tour by American hard rock band Guns N Roses, planned in support of the bands then-upcoming sixth studio album Chinese Democracy. Initially due to begin and end in June, many dates were rescheduled for December due to the reported illness of guitarist Buckethead. The re-configured tour was cancelled outright. Relationships between band members began deteriorating, however, and the future of Guns N Roses was in doubt, as members turned focus to their own side-projects tensions began to grow. Gilby Clarke was the first to leave the band, reportedly being fired in June 1994, on October 30,1996 it was announced that lead guitarist Slash had officially left the band, after having not been involved since 1995 due to a poor relationship with vocalist Axl Rose. Drummer Matt Sorum was fired from the band after an argument with guitarist Paul Tobias, Robin Finck became the bands lead guitarist in 1997, followed shortly the next year by drummer Josh Freese and bassist Tommy Stinson. Finck left the band in 1999 to rejoin his former band Nine Inch Nails, a number of changes to the band occurred in 2000, including the departure of Freese, the hiring of lead guitarist Buckethead and drummer Bryan Brain Mantia, and the return of Robin Finck. Along with these came the news that Guns N Roses were planning a tour in the summer of 2001. The first warm-up show for the tour of Europe was announced in December 2000 as a New Years Day performance at the House of Blues in Las Vegas. It was also rumoured that the long-awaited Chinese Democracy would be released in June 2001, the Las Vegas show was followed two weeks later by the performance at Rock in Rio in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The performance featured a set list, which also included the live debut of new song Madagascar
40.
Metallica
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Metallica is an American heavy metal band based in San Rafael, California. The band was formed in 1981 in Los Angeles when vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield responded to an advertisement posted by drummer Lars Ulrich in a local newspaper, Metallicas current line-up comprises founding members Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo. Guitarist Dave Mustaine and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton and Jason Newsted are former members of the band, the bands fast tempos, instrumentals, and aggressive musicianship placed them as one of the founding big four bands of thrash metal, alongside Anthrax, Megadeth, and Slayer. The band expanded its musical direction and achieved commercial success with its eponymous fifth album Metallica. The album was also their first to debut at number one on the Billboard 200, in 2000, Metallica joined with other artists who filed a lawsuit against Napster for sharing the bands copyright-protected material without consent from the band. A settlement was reached and Napster became a pay-to-use service, the band returned to its original musical style with the release of Death Magnetic, and in 2009, Metallica was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Metallica has released ten albums, four live albums, five extended plays,26 music videos. The band has won eight Grammy Awards and six of its albums have debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. The bands eponymous 1991 album has sold over 16 million copies in the United States, Metallica ranks as one of the most commercially successful bands of all time, having sold over 110 million records worldwide. Metallica has been listed as one of the greatest artists of all time by many magazines, including Rolling Stone, in 2012, Metallica formed the independent record label Blackened Recordings and took full ownership of its albums and videos. The band is currently promoting Hardwired. to Self-Destruct, which was released on November 18,2016, guitarists James Hetfield and Hugh Tanner of Leather Charm answered the advertisement. Although he had not formed a band, Ulrich asked Metal Blade Records founder Brian Slagel if he could record a song for the upcoming compilation album Metal Massacre. Slagel accepted and Ulrich recruited Hetfield to sing and play rhythm guitar, the band was officially formed in October 1981, five months after Ulrich and Hetfield first met. Ulrich talked to his friend Ron Quintana, who was brainstorming names for a fanzine, Quintana had proposed the names MetalMania and Metallica. A second advertisement was placed in The Recycler for a position as lead guitarist, Dave Mustaine answered, Ulrich and Hetfield recruited him after seeing his expensive guitar equipment. In early 1982, Metallica recorded its first original song Hit the Lights for the Metal Massacre I compilation, Hetfield played bass on the song and Lloyd Grant was credited with a guitar solo. Metal Massacre I was released on June 14,1982, early pressings listed the band incorrectly as Mettallica, the bands first taste of live success came early, they were chosen to open for British heavy metal band Saxon at one gig of their 1982 US tour. Metallica recorded its first demo, Power Metal, an inspired by Quintanas early business cards in early 1982
