1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Melvins
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Melvins are an American rock band that formed in 1983 in Montesano, Washington. They have mostly performed as a trio, as well as a quartet with two drummers in recent years, since 1984, vocalist and guitarist Buzz Osborne and drummer Dale Crover have been constant members. The band was named after a supervisor at a Thriftway in Montesano, Washington, melvin was despised by other employees, and the bands members felt it to be an appropriately ridiculous name. Their early work was key to the development of grunge and sludge metal. The Melvins were formed in early 1983 by Buzz Osborne, Matt Lukin, in the beginning they played Cream and Jimi Hendrix covers, and also began playing fast hardcore punk. When Dillard left the band, Dale Crover took his place, soon afterward, they started to play songs slower and heavier than nearly anyone else at the time. In 1985, C/Z Records was created to document the Washington music scene, in 1986 the band released their debut, the Six Songs EP, on C/Z Records. The album was recorded live to a two track at the now closed Ironwood Studio in Seattle on February 8,1986, in December 1986, they recorded their first full-length album, Gluey Porch Treatments, at Studio D in Sausalito, California. The album was released in 1987 on Alchemy Records, Gluey Porch Treatments was later coupled with their second album Ozma for the Boner Records CD release. It was expanded again for the 1999 re-release on Ipecac Recordings with some garage demos. Crover played drums with Nirvana when they recorded a ten song demo on January 23,1988 in Seattle, which formed part of their debut LP Bleach. Osborne would later introduce Kurt Cobain and Krist Novoselic to Dave Grohl, later that year Osborne and Crover relocated to San Francisco, California. Lukin stayed and formed the band Mudhoney, lori Lorax Black replaced Lukin on bass. The band recorded Ozma in May 1989, and released it later that year, the album was produced by Mark Deutrom, who later joined the band on bass. In 1990, the band recorded Bullhead, which marked a slower, the band then toured Europe, their January 23,1991 show in Alzey, Germany was released by Your Choice Records as Your Choice Live Series Vol.12. When they returned to the U. S. they recorded the Eggnog EP, Lorax left the band, and was replaced by Joe Preston. Preston appears on the Salad of a Thousand Delights, the Melvins then released three solo EPs, following the concept and imitating the cover artwork inspired by the four Kiss members solo albums released in 1978. King Buzzo, Dale Crover, and Joe Preston were all released in 1992 on Boner Records, later in 1992, they released the full-length album, Lysol, which had to be renamed Melvins because Lysol was a trademarked name
3.
Hollywood
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Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
4.
Stoner rock
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Stoner rock or stoner metal is a rock music fusion genre that combines elements of heavy metal and/or doom metal with psychedelic rock and acid rock. The term desert rock is used interchangeably with the term stoner rock to describe this genre, however. Stoner rock is typically slow-to-mid tempo and features a distorted, groove laden bass-heavy sound, melodic vocals. The genre emerged during the early 1990s and was pioneered foremost by the Californian bands Kyuss, the descriptor stoner rock may originate from the title of the 1997 Roadrunner Records compilation Burn One Up. Desert rock is used interchangeably as a descriptor, and was coined by a MeteorCity Records intern. Due to the similarities between stoner and sludge metal, there is often a crossover between the two genres and this hybrid has traits of both styles, but generally lacks stoner metals laid back atmosphere and its usage of psychedelia. Bands such as Weedeater, High on Fire and Electric Wizard creatively fuse both styles, the involvement of cannabis in the creation of stoner rock/metal can range between bands in the genre. Bands such as Sleep have involved the concept of cannabis to be part of the core of their albums, dopesmoker by Sleep received controversy because the 60-minute song is about cannabis, which resulted in conflict with Sleeps record company. Bands such as King Caravan and Sea of Green have come under terms with this statement. Similarly, Matt Pike from the band High on Fire stated, Its a very strong scene, I might use the word stoner in my lyrics, but I think were metal, dude. Id say I was crossover metal, actually, or progressive metal and its kind of a tough thing to lump into a category, but I guess we get the stoner-rock label because of the whole pot thing. Like most subgenres of music, the origins of rock are hard to trace. Nevertheless, several known progenitors and signature songs are credited with helping to shape the genre. Blue Cheer is considered one of the pioneers of the style, as AllMusic author Greg Prato puts it, When talks about stoner rock come up, one band that tends to get overlooked is Blue Cheer. Rolling Stone claims, What stoner rock delivers, slowed down and magnified, is the riff, led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath were the first to make a monolith of it. Sir Lord Baltimore have been called the godfathers of rock and Leaf Hound have been cited for influencing countless bands in the stoner rock movement, including Kyuss. Primevils album Smokin Bats at Camptons has been called a touchstone of stoner rock, jim DeRogatis has said that stoner rock bands are reaching back for inspiration to the psychedelic, proto-metallic jamming of bands like Cream, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, and Hawkwind. Black Sabbaths Master of Reality is often cited as the first album of the genre, soundgarden, who released their first album in 1988, are typically associated with grunge, but have also been called the standard-bearers of stoner rock during the 1990s
5.
Ipecac Recordings
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Ipecac Recordings is an independent record label based in California. It was founded on April 1,1999 by Greg Werckman and Mike Patton in Alameda, originally the label was created for the sole purpose of releasing the first Fantômas album. Since then, they have gone on to other artists like Melvins, Isis, as well as several of Pattons other projects. The label is named after syrup of ipecac, an emetic, or vomit-inducing and its slogan is Ipecac Recordings--Making People Sick Since 1999. Ipecac is distinguished from most labels by their policy of signing bands to only one album contracts, Werckman claims that when starting our label we decided that it did not feel right to “own” the artists on our label. Instead we would rent or license records from artists that we liked, lawyers or businesspeople call us morons for only doing one-record deals, Werckman scoffs. They say, Youre not really anything, then and we like the records we put out. Our job isnt to own any artist, were here to put out the art that people create. Low overhead and no video or promotional cost partnered with very little distribution costs allow for hearty royalties Every six months I send those guys royalty checks and its the way it should be. Even bands that are very successful — when they get royalty checks from us, Ipecac Recordings discography List of record labels Official homepage of Ipecac Recordings Ipecac Recordings on Google+
6.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
7.
Buzz Osborne
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Roger Buzz Osborne, also known as King Buzzo, is the American guitarist/vocalist/songwriter and technically the only remaining founding member of the Melvins. Hes also collaborated with other artists such as Cows and Tool. Osborne is additionally a founding member/guitarist for both the groups Fantômas and Venomous Concept and he was a high school friend of Kurt Cobain and the bassist for Cobains first band, Fecal Matter. In 2017 he played as part of Crystal Fairy with Terri Gender Bender, Dale Crover, Osborne first started listening to the music of Aerosmith and Ted Nugent around the age of 12, then became greatly interested in punk rock in a few years time. In the early 1980s Osborne founded the Melvins with Matt Lukin and Mike Dillard who all attended Montesano High School in Montesano, Washington, where he graduated in 1982. When Dillard left the band in 1984, Dale Crover was recruited out of an Iron Maiden-cover band, and they began to play slower and heavier songs. In 1986, the released their Six Songs EP on C/Z Records that was recorded live to a two track at Ironwood, February 8,1986. In December 1986 they recorded their first full album, Gluey Porch Treatments, at Studio D in Sausalito, California, in 1988, Osborne, with Crover, relocated to San Francisco where the band recorded their next album, Ozma, in May 1989. It was released later that year, Osborne, along with the rest of the Melvins, knew the members of Nirvana. When Dave Grohls previous band, Scream, disbanded, he approached Osborne for advice, Osborne, in response, introduced Grohl to Kurt Cobain and Krist Novoselic. The influence of the Melvins can be felt on Nirvanas music, especially their early. In 1997, Osborne appeared in the video for The Offsprings video All I Want. Osborne also appears in the 1994 video for the Beck song Beercan which samples the Melvins song Hogleg, Buzz joined Tool onstage during their tour for Ænema. The Melvins also opened for Tool on the tour, in 1998, Osborne joined a new band known as Fantômas with Faith No More vocalist Mike Patton, a band which he remains involved with to the present day. Fantômas latest studio release is 2005s Suspended Animation. That concept album focused on the theme of Holidays, featuring a frenetic punk rock sound, a commercial success, the album hit the #7 spot on Billboards Top Heatseekers chart and #12 on its Top Independent Albums chart. In 2014, King Buzzo announced his first solo acoustic tour along with a 10 EP entitled This Machine Kills Artists, Osborne has remarked, From a very early age I was interested in underground music. I never appreciated the big shows in the first place—I cut my milk teeth musically on smaller shows
8.
Kerrang!
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Kerrang. is a UK-based magazine devoted to rock music, currently published by Hamburg based Bauer Media Group. It was first published on 6 June 1981 as a supplement in the Sounds newspaper. In the early 2000s it became the best-selling British music newspaper, angus Young of AC/DC appeared on Kerrang. s first cover. Launched as a magazine, Kerrang. began to appear on a fortnightly basis later. The original owner was United Newspapers who then sold it to EMAP in 1991, during the 1980s and early 1990s the magazine placed many thrash and glam metal acts on the cover but later discarded them when grunge acts such as Nirvana rose to fame. Readers often criticise the magazine for repeating this process every time a new musical trend becomes popular, Kerrang. s popularity rose again with the hiring of editor Paul Rees circa 2000 when the nu metal genre, featuring bands like Limp Bizkit and Slipknot were becoming more popular. Rees went on to edit Q magazine and Ashley Bird took over as editor from 2003 to 2005, however the magazines sales went quickly into decline in 2003 and Paul Brannigan took over as editor in May 2005. Prior to this Metallicas James Hetfield referred to their sound as power metal, with the emergence of emo and metalcore, Kerrang. began to heavily feature this musical trend. However, the revamp was not welcomed by all readers and many complaints were received about Kerrang. s sudden emphasis on emo, Brannigan took the magazine into its most commercially successful period with a record ever ABC for the title of 80,186 copies. In 2008, EMAP sold its magazine to current owner Bauer Media Group. Brannigan left Kerrang. in 2009 and Nichola Browne was appointed editor and she later stepped down in April 2011. Former NME features editor and GamesMaster deputy editor James McMahon was appointed as editor on 6 June 2011, Kerrang. s website, www. kerrang. com, was launched in summer 2001 by Dan Silver. Kerrang. ’s parent company Emap acquired the name from a Norwegian cybersquatter by the name of Steingram Stegane for a token sum of £666. Kerrang. s website is dedicated to finding out information to do with the magazine and also the latest information on the current bands. The website hosts Kerrang. s online shop, podcasts, message board, TV and radio segments ensuring even more opportunities to sell associated merchandise, launched its own online forum with the rants and raves section taking up most of the traffic. Though initially extremely popular, the number of users began to peter out around 2005 with the number of people online dropping to as low as 10 when previously it had been closer to the 100 figure. According to Alexa www. kerrang. com generates 60,000 pageviews per month and is ranked 66, since 1993, the magazine has held an annual awards ceremony to mark the most successful bands in the interests of their readers. The event is presented by music celebrities, with many others outside the industry who attend the event
9.
I Know Who Killed Me
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I Know Who Killed Me is a 2007 American psychological horror thriller directed by Chris Sivertson and starring Lindsay Lohan. The films story revolves around a students twin who was abducted and tortured by a serial killer. She manages to make it out alive but after she regains consciousness in the hospital she insists that her identity is that of another woman, the film was released on July 27,2007. It was nominated for nine Golden Raspberry Awards and won eight, setting a new record for most awards won in a year until Jack. Lohan tied with herself to win Worst Actress and also won Worst Screen Couple for both characters she portrayed, the quiet suburb of New Salem is being terrorized by a serial killer who abducts and tortures young women, holding them captive for weeks before murdering them. Aubrey Fleming, a pianist and aspiring writer, appears to be his latest victim when she disappears during an out with her friends. She is later bound and gagged on an operating table as her hands are exposed to dry ice. As the days tick by, the special FBI Task Force convened to track the killer begins to hope of finding him before its too late. Late one night, a driver discovers a woman by the side of a deserted road, disheveled. The girl is rushed to the hospital, where Aubrey’s distraught parents, Susan and Daniel, wait by her side as she slips in and out of consciousness. When she is able to speak, she shocks everyone by claiming to be a down-on-her luck stripper named Dakota Moss. Convinced Aubrey is suffering from post traumatic stress disorder, her doctors, parents, an FBI psychologist believes Dakota to be a delusional persona of Aubrey, and the agents speculate the persona is to distance and protect Aubrey from the events that happened. Examining Aubreys laptop, they discover a story about a girl with an alter ego named Dakota. In addition, a DNA test confirms that Dakota is Aubrey, unaware of this, Dakota explains away her injuries as various events that happened before she arrived in town. She begins to suspect she may be Aubreys identical twin sister, however, Susan shows Dakota a video of her pregnancy ultrasound clearly revealing there was only one fetus in her womb. Dakota then confronts Daniel and asserts Susans child died shortly after birth, and that Daniel took Aubrey from Virginia Sue Moss, confused and terrified, Dakota starts seeing visions of a menacing figure slowly butchering his captive. One of these visions take Dakota to a nearby cemetery, after investigating the grave of Aubreys recently murdered friend, Jennifer Toland, Dakota finds a blue ribbon from a piano competition, with a message from Jennifers piano teacher, Douglas Norquist. She is followed by Daniel, and declares I know who killed me, the two go, without FBI backup, to Norquists home to confront him
10.
True Detective
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True Detective is an American anthology crime drama television series created and written by Nic Pizzolatto. The series, broadcast by the cable network HBO in the United States. Each season of the series is structured as a disparate, self-contained narrative, employing new cast ensembles and following various sets of characters, the first season received generally excellent reviews from critics and earned high ratings for HBO. It was nominated for and won awards and other accolades, chiefly for its acting, cinematography, writing. Reception to the season was more divided, though the show maintained high viewership for HBO. In July 2016, HBO head of programming Casey Bloys confirmed plans for a third season, stating. I talked to Nic about it and both Nic and HBO are open to another season, I dont think Nic has a take and hes working on some other projects. Were open to somebody else writing it and Nic supervising it and its a valuable franchise, its not dead, we just dont have a take for a third season yet. This came shortly after McConaughey said he would hypothetically be interested in reprising his role as Rust Cohle in a third season, in March 2017, it was revealed that Pizzolatto has written the first two episodes of a potential third season and that David Milch joined the creative team. Before developing True Detective, Nic Pizzolatto worked as a professor for the University of Chicago, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He also delved into fiction writing, having developed a fascination for it as a student at the University of Arkansas. His first published work was the story collection Between Here. The author published his novel, titled Galveston, four years later. Intended to be Galvestons follow-up, Pizzolatto felt True Detective was more suitable on-screen once the project took definite form. Pizzolatto shopped the novel to two TV executives, and, once he secured a deal in May 2010, drafted six screenplays, including the episode script for True Detective. He devoted another script for the shortly after his departure from The Killings writing staff in 2011. The final copy, amounting to 500 pages, was written without the aid of a writing staff, by this time, Pizzolatto secured a development deal with HBO, and by April 2012, the network commissioned True Detective on an order of eight episodes. Set up as a series, each season will feature a different cast of characters and self-contained narratives in various time periods
11.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
12.
Punk rock
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Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
13.
Progressive rock
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Progressive rock is a broad subgenre of rock music that developed in the United Kingdom and United States throughout the mid to late 1960s. Prog is based on fusions of styles, approaches and genres, Prog saw a high level of popularity in the early-to-mid 1970s, but faded soon after. Conventional wisdom holds that the rise of rock caused this. Music critics, who labelled the concepts as pretentious and the sounds as pompous and overblown. Early groups who exhibited progressive features are described as proto-prog. In 1967, progressive rock constituted a diversity of loosely associated style codes, the Canterbury scene, originating in the late 1960s, denoted a subset of prog bands who emphasised the use of wind instruments, complex chord changes and long improvisations. Rock in Opposition, from the late 1970s, was more avant-garde, in the 1980s, a new subgenre, neo-progressive rock, enjoyed some commercial success, although it was also accused of being derivative and lacking in innovation. Post-progressive draws upon newer developments in music and the avant-garde since the mid 1970s. The term progressive rock is synonymous with art rock, classical rock, historically, art rock has been used to describe at least two related, but distinct, types of rock music. Similarities between the two terms are that they describe a mostly British attempt to elevate rock music to new levels of artistic credibility. However, art rock is likely to have experimental or avant-garde influences. Prog was devised in the 1990s as a term, but later became a transferable adjective. Although a unidirectional English progressive style emerged in the late 1960s, by 1967, critics of the genre often limit its scope to a stereotype of long solos, overlong albums, fantasy lyrics, grandiose stage sets and costumes, and an obsessive dedication to technical skill. Author Kevin Holm-Hudson believes that rock is a style far more diverse than what is heard from its mainstream groups. They each do so largely unconsciously, academic John S. Cotner contests Macans view that progressive rock cannot exist without the continuous and overt assimilation of classical music into rock. Debate about the criteria and scope of the genre continues in the 2010s. In early references to the music, progressive was partly related to progressive politics, Cotner also says that progressive rock incorporates both formal and eclectic elements, It consists of a combination of factors – some of them intramusical, others extramusical or social. One way of conceptualising rock and roll in relation to music is that progressive music pushed the genre into greater complexity while retracing the roots of romantic
14.
King Crimson
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King Crimson are an English rock band formed in London in 1968. Fripp is the only consistent member of the group, and is considered the bands leader, the band has earned a large cult following. King Crimsons debut album, In the Court of the Crimson King, remains its most successful and influential, with its elements of jazz, classical and their success increased following an opening act performance for the Rolling Stones at Hyde Park, London, in 1969. Following the less successful In the Wake of Poseidon, Lizard, and Islands, the reached a new creative peak with Larks Tongues in Aspic, Starless and Bible Black. Fripp disbanded the group in 1974, in 1981, King Crimson reformed with a change in musical direction which lasted for three years, resulting in the trio of albums Discipline, Beat, and Three of a Perfect Pair. Following a decade-long hiatus, Fripp revived the group in 1994, since 1997, several musicians have pursued aspects of the bands work and approaches through a series of related bands collectively referred to as ProjeKCts. In 2000, the band reunited once more and released The Construkction of Light, the bands most recent album is The Power to Believe. In 2009 the band undertook a tour to celebrate their 40th Anniversary, fellow Dorset musician Robert Fripp – a guitarist who did not sing – responded and the trio formed the band Giles, Giles and Fripp. Based on a format of pop songs and complex instrumentals. The band hovered on the edge of success, with several radio sessions and a television appearance, the album was no more of a success than the singles, and was even disparaged by Keith Moon of the Who in a magazine review. Attempting to expand their sound, the three recruited Ian McDonald on keyboards, reeds and woodwinds, McDonald brought along his then-girlfriend, former Fairport Convention singer Judy Dyble, whose brief tenure with the group ended when the two split. Would you like to get together on a couple of songs, Fripp, meanwhile, saw Clouds perform at the Marquee Club in London which inspired him to incorporate classical melodies and jazz-like improvisation in his song writing. No longer interested in pursuing Peter Giles more whimsical pop style, Fripp recommended his friend, singer and guitarist Greg Lake, join, Peter Giles later called it one of Fripps cute political moves. But he had become disillusioned with the lack of success and departed, leaving Lake to become bassist. The first incarnation of King Crimson formed in London on 30 November 1968, the bands name was coined by Sinfield, though it is not meant to be a synonym for Beelzebub, prince of demons. McDonald suggested the purchase a Mellotron, and they began using it to create an orchestral rock sound. Sinfield described Crimson thus, If it sounded at all popular, so it had to be complicated, it had to be more expansive chords, it had to have strange influences. If it sounded, like, too simple, wed make it more complicated, wed play it in 7/8 or 5/8, just to show off
15.
Tool (band)
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Tool is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California. Formed in 1990, the groups line-up includes drummer Danny Carey, guitarist Adam Jones, justin Chancellor has been the bands bassist since 1995, replacing their original bassist Paul DAmour. Tool has won three Grammy Awards, performed worldwide tours, and produced albums topping the charts in several countries. Due to Tools incorporation of visual arts and very long and complex releases, the band is described as a style-transcending act and part of progressive rock, psychedelic rock. The relationship between the band and todays industry is ambivalent, at times marked by censorship. During the 1980s, each of the members of Tool moved to Los Angeles. Both Paul DAmour and Adam Jones wanted to enter the film industry, Danny Carey and Keenan performed for Green Jellÿ, and Carey played with Carole King and Pigmy Love Circus. Keenan and Jones met through a friend in 1989. After Keenan played a recording for Jones of his previous band project. They started jamming together and were on the lookout for a drummer, Carey happened to live above Keenan and was introduced to Jones by Tom Morello, an old high school friend of Jones and former member of Electric Sheep. Carey began playing in their sessions because he felt sorry for them. Tools lineup was completed when a friend of Jones introduced them to bassist DAmour, early on, the band fabricated the story that they formed because of the pseudophilosophy lachrymology. Although lachrymology was also cited as an inspiration for the name, Keenan later explained their intentions differently, Tool is exactly what it sounds like. Your tool, use us as a catalyst in your process of finding out whatever it is you need to find out, or whatever it is youre trying to achieve. After almost two years of practicing and performing locally in the Los Angeles area, the band was approached by record companies, in March 1992, Zoo published the bands first effort, Opiate. Described by the band as slam and bang heavy music and the hardest sounding six songs they had written to that point, the bands first music video, Hush, promoted their dissenting views about the then-prominent Parents Music Resource Center and its advocacy of the censorship of music. The video featured the band members naked with their genitalia covered by parental advisory stickers and their mouths covered by duct tape. The band began touring with Rollins Band, Fishbone, and Rage Against the Machine to positive responses, which Janiss Garza of RIP Magazine summarized in September 1992 as a buzz and a strong start
16.
New wave music
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New wave is a genre of rock music popular from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s with ties to 1970s punk rock. New wave moved away from smooth blues and rock and roll sounds to create pop music that incorporated electronic and experimental music, mod, initially new wave was similar to punk rock, before becoming a distinct genre. It subsequently engendered subgenres and fusions, including synth-pop, college rock, common characteristics of new wave music include the use of synthesizers and electronic productions, the importance of styling and the arts, as well as diversity. In the mid-1980s, differences between new wave and other genres began to blur. New wave has enjoyed resurgences since the 1990s, after a rising nostalgia for several new wave-influenced artists, subsequently, the genre influenced other genres. During the 2000s, a number of acts explored new wave and post-punk influences, such as the Strokes, Interpol, Franz Ferdinand and these acts were sometimes labeled new wave of new wave. The catch-all nature of new music has been a source of much confusion. The 1985 discography Whos New Wave in Music listed artists in over 130 separate categories, the New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock calls the term virtually meaningless, while AllMusic mentions stylistic diversity. New wave first emerged as a genre in the early 1970s, used by critics including Nick Kent and Dave Marsh to classify such New York-based groups as the Velvet Underground. It gained currency beginning in 1976 when it appeared in UK punk fanzines such as Sniffin Glue and newsagent music weeklies such as Melody Maker and New Musical Express. In November 1976 Caroline Coon used Malcolm McLarens term new wave to designate music by bands not exactly punk, the term was also used in that sense by music journalist Charles Shaar Murray in his comments about the Boomtown Rats. For a period of time in 1976 and 1977, the new wave. By the end of 1977, new wave had replaced punk as the definition for new music in the UK. As radio consultants in the United States had advised their clients that punk rock was a fad, like the filmmakers of the French new wave movement, its new artists were anti-corporate and experimental. At first, most U. S. writers exclusively used the new wave for British punk acts. Music historian Vernon Joynson claimed that new wave emerged in the UK in late 1976, in the U. S. the first new wavers were the not-so-punk acts associated with the New York club CBGB. CBGB owner Hilly Kristal, referring to the first show of the band Television at his club in March 1974, said, furthermore, many artists who would have originally been classified as punk were also termed new wave. A1977 Phonogram Records compilation album of the same name features US artists including the Dead Boys, Ramones, Talking Heads, New wave is much more closely tied to punk and came and went more quickly in the United Kingdom than in the United States
17.
PopMatters
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PopMatters is an international online magazine of cultural criticism that covers many aspects of popular culture. PopMatters was founded by Sarah Zupko, who had established the cultural studies academic resource site PopCultures. PopMatters launched in the fall of 1999 as a site providing original essays, reviews. Over time, the site went from a publication schedule to a five-day-a-week magazine format, expanding into regular reviews, features. In the fall of 2005, monthly readership exceeded one million, from 2006 onward, PopMatters produced several syndicated newspaper columns for McClatchy-Tribune News Service. As of 2009, there are four different pop culture related columns each week, the PopMatters Book Imprint published Joss Whedon, The Complete Companion, edited by Mary Money, with Titan Books in May 2012. PopMatters publishes content from contributors located around the globe, based in six continents and its staff includes writers from various backgrounds, ranging from academics and professional journalists to career professionals and first time writers. Many of its writers are published authorities in various fields of study, notable former contributors include David Weigel, political reporter for Slate, Steven Hyden, staff writer for Grantland and author of Whatever Happened To Alternative Nation. And Rob Horning, executive editor of The New Inquiry, karen Zarker is the senior editor
18.
Stylus Magazine
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Stylus Magazine was an online music and film magazine launched in 2002. It featured long-form music journalism, four daily music reviews, movie reviews, podcasts, an MP3 blog, and a text blog. Additionally, Stylus had daily features like The Singles Jukebox, which looked at pop singles from around the globe, and Soulseeking, while the sites readership numbers never reached the levels of Pitchfork Medias, it did receive many notices in the press for the quality of its writing. In 2006 it was chosen by the Observer Music Monthly as one of the Internets 25 most essential music websites, Stylus closed as a business on 31 October 2007. As of February 2013, the site online, but is not publishing any new content. The Singles Jukebox relaunched with many of the writers as a stand-alone website in March 2009. Stylus Magazine – official site The Singles Jukebox – official site What Was It Anyway – official site The Stylus Decade – official site
19.
Pitchfork (website)
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Pitchfork is an American online magazine launched in 1995 by Ryan Schreiber, based in Chicago, Illinois and owned by Condé Nast. The site generally concentrates on new music, but Pitchfork journalists have also reviewed reissues, in late 1995, Ryan Schreiber, a recent high school graduate, created the magazine in Minneapolis. Influenced by local fanzines and KUOM, Schreiber, who had no writing experience. At first being Turntable, the site was updated monthly with interviews and reviews, in May 1996, the site began publishing daily and was renamed Pitchfork, alluding to Tony Montanas tattoo in Scarface. In early 1999, Schreiber relocated Pitchfork to Chicago, Illinois, by then, the site had expanded to four full-length album reviews daily, as well as sporadic interviews, features, and columns. It had also begun garnering a following for its coverage of underground music and its writing style. In October, the added a daily music news section. Pitchfork has launched a variety of subsidiary websites, Pitchfork. tv, a website displaying videos related to many independent music acts, launched in April 2008. It features bands that are found on Pitchfork. In July 2010, Pitchfork announced Altered Zones, a blog devoted to underground. On 21 May 2011, Pitchfork announced a partnership with Kill Screen, Altered Zones was closed on November 30. On December 26,2012, Pitchfork launched Nothing Major, a website that covered visual arts such as fine art, Nothing Major closed in October 2013. On October 13,2015, Condé Nast announced that it had acquired Pitchfork, following the sale, Schreiber remained as editor-in-chief. On March 13,2016, Pitchfork was redesigned, some publications have cited Pitchfork in having played a part in breaking artists such as Arcade Fire, Sufjan Stevens, Clap Your Hands Say Yeah, Interpol, The Go. Conversely, Pitchfork has also seen as being a negative influence on some indie artists. A dismissive 0.0 review of former Dismemberment Plan frontman Travis Morrisons Travistan album led to a sales drop. On the other hand, an endorsement from Pitchfork – which dispenses its approval one-tenth of a point at a time, up to a maximum of 10 points – is very valuable, indeed. Examples of Pitchforks impact include, Arcade Fire is among the bands most commonly cited to have benefited from a Pitchfork review
20.
Hydra Head Records
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Hydra Head Records is an independent record label that specializes in extreme metal music, founded in New Mexico by Aaron Turner in 1993. It has another imprint, Hydra Head Noise Industries, which specializes in experimental, Hydra Head was founded in 1993 as a distribution company while Turner was still in high school. In 1995, he moved to Boston to attend art school, in late 1995, he was handed a demo by local band Vent. That seven-inch single would be the first record released on Hydra Head, the label grew to accommodate local bands such as Roswell, Corrin, Piebald, and Converge, and after Turner graduated from college in 1999, it became a full-time endeavor. In 2011, Hydra Head relocated to Los Angeles, California, from its home in Boston. Some of the bands signed to the label include Cave In, Xasthur, Kayo Dot, Boris and its discography includes Botch, Khanate, and Harkonen, who were all signed to Hydra Head prior to their respective disbandings. The label would continue to stay operational, maintaining its back catalogue to pay off its rather sizeable debts, the labels final release of new material was Worship is the Cleansing of the Imagination, a split album between JK Flesh & Prurient. The Gersch Old Man Gloom Scissorfight 5ive Tusk Hydra Head Records discography Southern Lord Records Official site Interview with Aaron Turner
21.
Drum kit
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A drum kit consists of a mix of drums and idiophones most significantly cymbals but also including the woodblock and cowbell. In the 2000s, some also include electronic instruments and both hybrid and entirely electronic kits are used. If some or all of them are replaced by electronic drums, the drum kit is usually played while seated on a drum stool or throne. The drum kit differs from instruments that can be used to produce pitched melodies or chords, even though drums are often placed musically alongside others that do, such as the piano or guitar. The drum kit is part of the rhythm section used in many types of popular and traditional music styles ranging from rock and pop to blues. Other standard instruments used in the section include the electric bass, electric guitar. Many drummers extend their kits from this pattern, adding more drums, more cymbals. Some performers, such as some rockabilly drummers, use small kits that omit elements from the basic setup, some drum kit players may have other roles in the band, such as providing backup vocals, or less commonly, lead vocals. Thus, in an early 1800s orchestra piece, if the called for bass drum, triangle and cymbals. In the 1840s, percussionists began to experiment with foot pedals as a way to them to play more than one instrument. In the 1860s, percussionists started combining multiple drums into a set, the bass drum, snare drum, cymbals, and other percussion instruments were all played using hand-held drum sticks. Double-drumming was developed to one person to play the bass and snare with sticks. With this approach, the drum was usually played on beats one. This resulted in a swing and dance feel. The drum set was referred to as a trap set. By the 1870s, drummers were using an overhang pedal, most drummers in the 1870s preferred to do double drumming without any pedal to play multiple drums, rather than use an overhang pedal. Companies patented their pedal systems such as Dee Dee Chandler of New Orleans 1904–05, liberating the hands for the first time, this evolution saw the bass drum played with the foot of a standing percussionist. The bass drum became the central piece around which every other percussion instrument would later revolve and it was the golden age of drum building for many famous drum companies, with Ludwig introducing
22.
Singing
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
23.
Dale Crover
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Dale Crover is an American rock musician. Crover is best known as the drummer for Melvins, hes also been the drummer for Men of Porn, Shrinebuilder, and for a brief time, Nirvana. He is also guitarist and vocalist for Altamont and he has also toured with Fantômas, filling in for Dave Lombardo, who is most famous for his work in Slayer. He also played in the group Crystal Fairy with Terri Gender Bender, Buzz Osbourne, Melvins recruited Crover on drums in 1984 from an Iron Maiden cover band, following original drummer Mike Dillards departure. In late 1985 Crover played bass in Fecal Matter, a band he formed with Kurt Cobain, after Hokanson left the band, Cobain and Crover recorded Illiteracy Will Prevail on a 4-track in December 1985 at Cobains aunts home in Seattle, Washington. Crover played bass and drums on the demo, spank Thru from this demo appears on the Nirvana album Sliver, The Best of the Box. Crover drummed on Nirvanas ten-song demo recorded January 23,1988 at Reciprocal Recording Studios in Seattle, three cuts from the show – Downer, Floyd the Barber and Raunchola/Moby Dick – appear on With the Lights Out. Later in 1988 Crover and Melvins bandmate Buzz Osborne relocated to San Francisco, Crover rejoined Nirvana during a short west coast tour with Sonic Youth in August 1990. In April the following year Crover drummed on a version of Drain You with Cobain on guitar and vocals. The track appears on With the Lights Out, dale Crover is also credited as the drummer on most of the tracks on Mike Pattons Peeping Tom project from 2006. In 1994, Crover founded the band Altamont with Joey Osbourne and he produced and performed additional vocals on Acid Kings debut release that year. During this time he was married to Acid Kings frontwoman Lori S. Nirvana was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014, although not officially inducted with the band, he was singled out for his work with them during Crovers successor Dave Grohls acceptance speech. He lives in Los Angeles with his wife, Maureen, their daughter, Scarlett, dale Crover has made an appearance in Neil Youngs video Harvest Moon
24.
Bass guitar
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The bass guitar is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick. The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to a guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length. The four-string bass, by far the most common, is tuned the same as the double bass. The bass guitar is an instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds to avoid excessive ledger lines. Like the electric guitar, the guitar has pickups and it is plugged into an amplifier and speaker on stage, or into a larger PA system using a DI unit. Since the 1960s, the guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music as the bass instrument in the rhythm section. While types of basslines vary widely from one style of music to another, many styles of music utilise the bass guitar, including rock, heavy metal, pop, punk rock, country, reggae, gospel, blues, symphonic rock, and jazz. It is often a solo instrument in jazz, jazz fusion, Latin, funk, progressive rock and other rock, the adoption of a guitar form made the instrument easier to hold and transport than any of the existing stringed bass instruments. The addition of frets enabled bassists to play in more easily than on acoustic or electric upright basses. Around 100 of these instruments were made during this period, around 1947, Tutmarcs son, Bud, began marketing a similar bass under the Serenader brand name, prominently advertised in the nationally distributed L. D. Heater Music Company wholesale jobber catalogue of 1948, however, the Tutmarc family inventions did not achieve market success. In the 1950s, Leo Fender, with the help of his employee George Fullerton and his Fender Precision Bass, which began production in October 1951, became a widely copied industry standard. This split pickup, introduced in 1957, appears to have been two mandolin pickups, the pole pieces and leads of the coils were reversed with respect to each other, producing a humbucking effect. Humbucking is a design that electrically cancels the effect of any AC hum, the Fender Bass was a revolutionary new instrument, which could be easily transported, and which was less prone to feedback when amplified than acoustic bass instruments. Monk Montgomery was the first bass player to tour with the Fender bass guitar, roy Johnson, and Shifty Henry with Louis Jordan & His Tympany Five, were other early Fender bass pioneers. Bill Black, playing with Elvis Presley, switched from bass to the Fender Precision Bass around 1957. The bass guitar was intended to appeal to guitarists as well as upright bass players, following Fenders lead, in 1953, Gibson released the first short scale violin-shaped electric bass with extendable end pin, allowing it to be played upright or horizontally. In 1959 these were followed by the more conventional-looking EB-0 Bass, the EB-0 was very similar to a Gibson SG in appearance
25.
Guitar
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The guitar is a musical instrument classified as a fretted string instrument with anywhere from four to 18 strings, usually having six. The sound is projected either acoustically, using a wooden or plastic and wood box, or through electrical amplifier. It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, the guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning. There are three types of modern acoustic guitar, the classical guitar, the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar. The tone of a guitar is produced by the strings vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar. The term finger-picking can also refer to a tradition of folk, blues, bluegrass. The acoustic bass guitar is an instrument that is one octave below a regular guitar. Early amplified guitars employed a body, but a solid wood body was eventually found more suitable during the 1960s and 1970s. As with acoustic guitars, there are a number of types of guitars, including hollowbody guitars, archtop guitars and solid-body guitars. The electric guitar has had a influence on popular culture. The guitar is used in a variety of musical genres worldwide. It is recognized as an instrument in genres such as blues, bluegrass, country, flamenco, folk, jazz, jota, mariachi, metal, punk, reggae, rock, soul. The term is used to refer to a number of chordophones that were developed and used across Europe, beginning in the 12th century and, later, in the Americas. The modern word guitar, and its antecedents, has applied to a wide variety of chordophones since classical times. Many influences are cited as antecedents to the modern guitar, at least two instruments called guitars were in use in Spain by 1200, the guitarra latina and the so-called guitarra morisca. The guitarra morisca had a back, wide fingerboard. The guitarra Latina had a sound hole and a narrower neck. By the 14th century the qualifiers moresca or morisca and latina had been dropped, and it had six courses, lute-like tuning in fourths and a guitar-like body, although early representations reveal an instrument with a sharply cut waist
26.
Audio engineer
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An audio engineer works on the recording, manipulating the record using equalization and electronic effects, mixing, reproduction, and reinforcement of sound. Audio engineers work on the. technical aspect of recording—the placing of microphones, pre-amp knobs, the physical recording of any project is done by an engineer. Many audio engineers creatively use technologies to produce sound for film, radio, television, music, electronic products and computer games. Audio engineers also set up, sound check and do live sound mixing using an audio console, research and development audio engineers invent new technologies, equipment and techniques, to enhance the process and art of audio engineering. They might also be referred to as acoustic engineers, audio engineers in research and development usually possess a bachelors degree, masters degree or higher qualification in acoustics, physics, computer science or another engineering discipline. They might work in consultancy, specializing in architectural acoustics. Alternatively they might work in companies, or other industries that need audio expertise. Some positions, such as faculty require a Doctor of Philosophy, in Germany a Toningenieur is an audio engineer who designs, builds and repairs audio systems. The listed subdisciplines are based on PACS coding used by the Acoustical Society of America with some revision, audio engineers develop algorithms to allow the electronic manipulation of audio signals. These can be processed at the heart of audio production such as reverberation. Alternatively, the algorithms might carry out echo cancellation on Skype, or identify, architectural acoustics is the science and engineering of achieving a good sound within a room. For audio engineers, architectural acoustics can be about achieving good speech intelligibility in a stadium or enhancing the quality of music in a theatre, architectural Acoustic design is usually done by acoustic consultants. Electroacoustics is concerned with the design of headphones, microphones, loudspeakers, sound reproduction systems, examples of electroacoustic design include portable electronic devices, sound systems in architectural acoustics, surround sound in movie theater and vehicle audio. Musical acoustics is concerned with researching and describing the science of music, in audio engineering, this includes the design of electronic instruments such as synthesizers, the human voice, computer analysis of audio, music therapy, and the perception and cognition of music. Psychoacoustics is the study of how humans respond to what they hear. At the heart of audio engineering are listeners who are the final arbitrator as to whether a design is successful. The production, computer processing and perception of speech is an important part of audio engineering, ensuring speech is transmitted intelligibly, efficiently and with high quality, in rooms, through public address systems and through mobile telephone systems are important areas of study. Producer, engineer, and mixer Phil Ek has described audio engineering as the aspect of recording—the placing of microphones, the turning of pre-amp knobs
27.
Audio mixing (recorded music)
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The track may be mixed in mono, stereo, or surround sound. There are numerous approaches, methods and techniques involved in Audio mixing, some of these practices include levels setting, equalization, stereo panning, Audio mixing techniques and approaches can vary widely, and these can greatly affect the qualities of the sound recording. Audio mixing techniques largely depend on music genres and the quality of sound recordings involved, the process is generally carried out by a mixing engineer, though sometimes the musical producer or music artist may assist. After mixing, a mastering engineer prepares the final product for production, Audio mixing may be transferred onto a mixing console or digital audio workstation. Jay bala ji In the late century, Thomas Edison. The recording and reproduction process itself was completely mechanical with little or no electrical parts, Emile Berliners gramophone system recorded music by inscribing spiraling lateral cuts onto a vinyl disc. Electronic recording became widely used during the 1920s. It was based on the principles of electromagnetic transduction, the possibility for a microphone to be connected remotely to a recording machine meant that microphones could be positioned in more suitable places. Even more useful was the fact that the outputs of the microphones could be mixed before being fed to the disc cutter, before the introduction of multitrack recording, all sounds and effects that were to be part of a record were mixed at one time during a live performance. If the recorded blend wasnt satisfactory, or if one made a mistake. Modern mixing emerged with the introduction of commercial multi-track tape machines, the ability to record sounds into a multitude of channels meant that treating these sounds could be postponed to a later stage– the mixing stage. In the 1980s, home recording and mixing became much easier, the 4-track Portastudio was introduced in 1979. Bruce Springsteen released the album Nebraska in 1982 using one, the Eurythmics topped the charts in 1983 with the song Sweet Dreams, recorded by band member Dave Stewart on a makeshift 8-track recorder. In the mid-to-late 1990s, computers replaced tape-based recording for most home studios, at the same time, digital audio workstations, first used in the mid-1980s, began to replace tape in many professional recording studios. A mixer is the heart of the mixing process. Mixers offer a multitude of inputs, each fed by a track from a multitrack recorder, mixers typically have 2 main outputs or 8. Mixers offer three main functionalities, Mixing – summing signals together, which is normally done by a dedicated summing amplifier or in the case of digital by a simple algorithm, routing – allows the routing of source signals to internal buses or external processing units and effects. Processing – many mixers also offer on-board processors, like equalizers and compressors, Mixing consoles used for dubbing can often be seen as large and intimidating, due to the exceptional amount of controls
28.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
29.
Steven Shane McDonald
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Steven Shane McDonald is the bass player in the Los Angeles alternative rock/power pop band Redd Kross. He is also a member of the punk band Off. which formed in late 2009. Other projects included The SMG and Green and Yellow TV, both were Los Angeles-based groups from the 2000s and he was also in the 1984 film Desperate Teenage Lovedolls and its sequel Lovedolls Superstar and the 1990 film Spirit of 76 all with his brother Jeff McDonald. Recently, McDonald has produced an album by The Format, Dog Problems, on which he played bass and sang backup vocals on a few tracks. He later produced, engineered, and mixed fun. s debut album, Aim and Ignite as well as guesting as a bassist and he appeared with Tenacious D on MADtv playing Lee and Tribute. He also featured in the band Trainwreck on bass, in the Summer of 2002 he became so excited about The White Stripes new album, White Blood Cells, that he recorded bass lines to two songs of the typically bass-less duos work. He called it an art project named Redd Blood Cells which reached a peak of 60,000 downloads in a single day, in 2016, it was announced that McDonald would be playing with the Melvins for their Savage Imperial Death March tour. He recorded four songs with the band, which were released as an EP entitled War Pussy, Steven is married to That Dog vocalist Anna Waronker. During the summer of 2007 Steven began using the nickname Mr. Urbane, but during the summer of 2009, Steven insisted on being referred to as Dr. Swaddles
30.
Trevor Dunn
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Trevor Roy Dunn is an American composer, bass guitarist, and double bassist. Dunn came to prominence in the 1990s with the experimental band Mr. Bungle and he has since worked in an array of musical styles, notably with singer and Mr. He is also a member of the band Tomahawk, replacing founding member Kevin Rutmanis, after four years of studying the clarinet, Dunn began playing electric bass at the age of 13. His earliest musical influences included the Beach Boys, Blondie, Cheap Trick, Dunn studied double bass and music in college. In 1986, Dunn formed Mr. Bungle with vocalist Mike Patton, Mr. Bungles early compositions mixed thrash metal, hard rock, death metal, ska and funk with an air of adolescent humor and vulgarity. With a background in metal, Dunn branched out his abilities playing jazz around San Francisco while immersing himself in different music. Mr. Bungle released four demo tapes in the mid to late 1980s before being signed to Warner Bros. Records, like the other members of Mr. Bungle, Trevor Dunn is reluctant to talk about what exactly caused their break-up. For that matter, Dunn is reluctant to talk about Mr. Bungle in general and he initially stated that he was going to release a book, but the book concept is FAR from being a reality. Its just a thought in my mind at this point. Part of that includes demos, rehearsals, prank phone calls, unused photos. The amount of unseen/unheard material I have collected over the years is somewhat baffling, believe me, its not going to happen anytime soon. reference needed Trey Spruance formed Secret Chiefs 3 with fellow Mr. Bungle members Dunn and Danny Heifetz in the mid-nineties. In 1999, Mike Patton formed the supergroup Fantômas with Dunn on bass, Buzz Osborne of the Melvins on guitar, Fantômas has released several albums of eclectic avante-garde, ambient, and heavy metal compositions. In 1998, Dunn formed his Trio-Convulsant and their first release, Debutantes & Centipedes, features Dunn on bass, Adam Levy on guitar, and Kenny Wollesen on drums. The album Sister Phantom Owl Fish on Ipecac includes Ches Smith on percussion, citing his long hiatus from writing rock music, Dunn formed the band MadLove with Sunny Kim on lead vocals, Ches Smith on drums, Hilmar Jensson on guitar, and Erik Deutch on keyboard. They recorded their album, White with Foam, during 2008. Trevor has recently joined the band Tomahawk, replacing Kevin Rutmanis, Trevor joined the Melvins as an on-and-off touring bassist starting in 2005, initially to play on their 1993 album Houdini in its entirety for All Tomorrows Parties Dont Look Back series. In 2011, he joined the band full-time playing standup bass for a side known as Melvins Lite. They at first toured in 2011 which led to the 2012 album Freak Puke and 2012 tour in which they performed in all 50 states in 51 days, Dunn later appeared on three songs included on the bands all-covers album Everybody Loves Sausages in 2013
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Joe Preston (bassist)
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Joe Preston is a rock bass guitarist and a former band member of Earth, The Melvins, Mens Recovery Project, The Need and High on Fire. Preston has also played with Sunn O))), and has a project called Thrones. In 2007, he joined Harvey Milk in the studio for the recording of Life, the Best Game in Town and toured with them during their 2008 US and European tours. He is the uncle of actor Dominic Janes.5 – Loud Machine 0.5 7” Snakepit – Wait b/w Disease 7” Snakepit – Waste b/w Million 7” Sue P. Fox – Light Matches, Spark Lives CD/LP Superconductor – Touring bassist The Whip – Freelance Liaison b/w Sheep and Goat 7” Joe Preston and Daniel Menche - Cerberic Doxology
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Gluey Porch Treatments
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Gluey Porch Treatments is the debut album by the Melvins. The album was released in 1987 through Alchemy Records, the original release was vinyl only. This album was released on tape with the Six Songs EP through Boner Records. Tracks 18–29 can only be found on the 1999 Ipecac Recordings re-release, the album is considered as one of the first examples of sludge metal and a blueprint for grunge. Steve Instant Neuman and As It Was are re-recordings of Disinvite and Easy As It Was respectively, leeech was originally a song by Green River entitled Leech. When Melvins founder Buzz Osborne asked a member of Green River why they never played the song, the song was essentially given to the Melvins on the spot. The song Eye Flys appears on the soundtrack for the film, Kurt Cobain, About A Son, glow God, Big As a Mountain and Heaviness of the Load appear on the Alchemy Records compilation album Peace Thru Chemistry. All songs written by Buzz Osborne except where noted
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