1.
Bleecker Street
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Bleecker Street is a west–east street in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is most famous today as a Greenwich Village nightclub district, the street connects a neighborhood today popular for music venues and comedy, but which was once a major center for American bohemia. The street is named after the name of Anthony Lispenard Bleecker, a banker, the father of Anthony Bleecker. Bleecker Street connects Abingdon Square to the Bowery and East Village, Bleecker Street is named by and after the Bleecker family because the street ran through the farm of the family. In 1808, Anthony Lispenard Bleecker and his wife deeded to the city a portion of the land on which Bleecker Street sits. Originally Bleecker Street extended from Bowery to Broadway, along the side of the Bleecker farm. In 1829 it was joined with Herring Street, extending Bleecker Street northwest to Abingdon Square, LeRoy Place is the former name of a block of Bleecker Street between Mercer and Greene Streets. This was where the first palatial winged residences were built, the effect was accomplished by making the central houses taller and closer to the street, while the other houses on the side were set back. The central buildings also had bigger, raised entrances and lantern-like roof projections, the houses were built by Isaac A. Pearson, on both sides of Bleecker Street. To set his project apart from the rest of the area, Bleecker Street is served by the 46 <6> B D F M trains at Bleecker Street/Broadway – Lafayette Street station. The 12 trains serve the Christopher Street – Sheridan Square station one block north of Bleecker Street, traffic on the street is one-way, going southeast. In early December 2007, a lane was marked on the street. Bleecker Street is referenced in Stephen Kings The Dark Tower series, the Marc Jacobs store on Bleecker Street is mentioned in the novel Bergdorf Blondes by Plum Sykes as a hangout for emaciated young women. Nobel laureate Derek Walcott has written a poem about Bleecker Street entitled Bleecker Street, in Philip Roths novel The Human Stain, the character Coleman Silk takes the woman who would later be his wife to a Bleecker Street cafe early in their relationship. The main character of Warren Elliss novel Crooked Little Vein visits some freak bar on Bleecker Street, in Marvel Comics, 177A Bleecker Street is the location of Doctor Stranges Sanctum Sanctorum. Film and television Bleecker Street is in Nick & Norahs Infinite Playlist, Bleecker Street Cinema is mentioned in the movie Desperately Seeking Susan. 11th and Bleecker is mentioned in New Line Home Entertainments production of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, peter Parker tells Mary Jane that he saw her billboard advertisement on Bleecker in Spider-Man 2. Long-running television series Friends featured Bleecker Street signposts in several cut-scenes, much of the film No Reservations, starring Catherine Zeta-Jones and Aaron Eckhart, is set in a restaurant on the corner of Bleecker and Charles Streets
2.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
3.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
4.
Nightclub
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A nightclub is an entertainment venue and bar which serves alcoholic beverages that usually operates late into the night. Another distinction is that whereas many pubs and sports bars aim at a market, nightclubs typically aim at a niche market of music and dancing enthusiasts. The upmarket nature of nightclubs can be seen in the inclusion of VIP areas in some nightclubs, for celebrities, nightclubs are much more likely than pubs or sports bars to use bouncers to screen prospective clubgoers for entry. Some nightclub bouncers do not admit people with ripped jeans or other clothing or gang apparel as part of a dress code. The busiest nights for a nightclub are Friday and Saturday night, most clubs or club nights cater to certain music genres, such as house music or gothic rock. A nightclub may also be called a discothèque, disco, or dance club, from about 1900 to 1920, working class Americans would gather at honky tonks or juke joints to dance to music played on a piano or a jukebox. Webster Hall is credited as the first modern nightclub, being built in 1886 and starting off as a hall, originally functioning as a home for dance. During Prohibition in the United States, nightclubs went underground as illegal speakeasy bars, with Webster Hall staying open, with rumors circulating of Al Capones involvement and police bribery. With the repeal of Prohibition in February 1933, nightclubs were revived, such as New Yorks 21 Club, Copacabana, El Morocco, in Germany, possibly the first discothèque was Scotch-Club. These discothèques were also patronized by anti-Vichy youth called zazous, there were also underground discothèques in Nazi Germany patronized by anti-Nazi youth called the swing kids. In Harlem, Connies Inn and the Cotton Club were popular venues for white audiences, before 1953 and even some years thereafter, most bars and nightclubs used a jukebox or mostly live bands. The Whisky à Gogo set into place the elements of the modern post World War II discothèque-style nightclub. At the end of the 1950s, several of the bars in Soho introduced afternoon dancing. In the early 1960s, Mark Birley opened a members-only discothèque nightclub, Annabels, in Berkeley Square, in 1962, the Peppermint Lounge in New York City became popular and is the place where go-go dancing originated. However, the first rock and roll generation preferred rough and tumble bars and taverns to nightclubs, disco has its roots in the underground club scene. It brought together people from all walks of life and backgrounds and these clubs acted as safe havens for homosexual partygoers to dance in peace and away from public scrutiny. Disco allowed patrons to explore sexuality and push the envelope on the dance floor, disco clubs acted as an escape from such depressing environments and acted as the fantasy marginalized peoples could escape to forget oppression and racism. Disco clubs originally functioned as liberated party spaces and were seen as places of political statement, a smooth mix of long single records to keep people dancing all night long
5.
Seating capacity
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Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both the physical space available, and limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that seats two to a stadium that seats hundreds of thousands of people. The International Fire Code, portions of which have adopted by many jurisdictions, is directed more towards the use of a facility than the construction. It specifies, For areas having fixed seating without dividing arms and it also requires that every public venue submit a detailed site plan to the local fire code official, including details of the means of egress, seating capacity, arrangement of the seating. Once safety considerations have been satisfied, determinations of seating capacity turn on the size of the venue. For sports venues, the decision on maximum seating capacity is determined by several factors, chief among these are the primary sports program and the size of the market area. Seating capacity of venues also plays a role in what media they are able to provide, in contracting to permit performers to use a theatre or other performing space, the seating capacity of the performance facility must be disclosed. Seating capacity may influence the kind of contract to be used, the seating capacity must also be disclosed to the copyright owner in seeking a license for the copyrighted work to be performed in that venue. Venues that may be leased for private functions such as ballrooms and auditoriums generally advertise their seating capacity, seating capacity is also an important consideration in the construction and use of sports venues such as stadiums and arenas. The seating capacity for restaurants is reported as covers, a restaurant that can seat 99 is said to have 99 covers, seating capacity differs from total capacity, which describes the total number of people who can fit in a venue or in a vehicle either sitting or standing. Use of the term public capacity indicates that a venue is allowed to more people than it can actually seat. Again, the total number of people can refer to either the physical space available or limitations set by law
6.
Music venue
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A music venue is any location used for a concert or musical performance. A music venue range in size and location, from an outdoor bandshell or bandstand or a hall to an indoor sports stadium. Typically, different types of venues host different genres of music, music venues may be either privately or publicly funded, and may charge for admission. An example of a publicly funded music venue is a park bandstand, a nightclub is a privately funded venue, venues like these often charge an entry fee to generate a profit. Music venues do not necessarily host live acts, disc jockeys at a discothèque or nightclub play recorded music through a PA system. Depending on the type of venue, the hours, location and length of performance may differ. Other attractions, such as art or social activities, may also be available. For example, at a bar or pub, the band may be playing live songs while drinks are being served. Some classes of venues may play live music in the background, music venues can be categorised in a number of ways. Typically, the genre of music played at the venue, whether it is temporary, the majority of music venues are permanent, however, there are temporary music venues. An example of a venue would be one constructed for a music festival. Music venues may be the result of private or public enterprises, some venues only promote acts of one particular genre and example of this are opera houses. Music venues can be categorised by size and capacity, a nightclub will often have a much smaller capacity than that of a stadium. Music venues are either outdoor or indoor, examples of outdoor venues include bandstands and bandshells, such outdoor venues provide minimal shelter for performing musicians and are usually located in parks. A temporary music festival is typically an outdoor venue, examples of indoor venues include public houses, nightclubs, coffee bars and stadia. Venues can play music, recorded music, or a combination of the two, depending on the event or time of day. A characteristic of every live music venue is that one or more stages are present. Venues may be unticketed, casual entry available on the door, or advance tickets only, a dress code may or may not apply
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Multimedia
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Multimedia is content that uses a combination of different content forms such as text, audio, images, animations, video and interactive content. Multimedia contrasts with media that use only rudimentary computer displays such as text-only or traditional forms of printed or hand-produced material, Multimedia devices are electronic media devices used to store and experience multimedia content. Multimedia is distinguished from mixed media in art, for example. The term rich media is synonymous with interactive multimedia, the term multimedia was coined by singer and artist Bob Goldstein to promote the July 1966 opening of his LightWorks at LOursin show at Southampton, Long Island. Goldstein was perhaps aware of an American artist named Dick Higgins, two years later, in 1968, the term multimedia was re-appropriated to describe the work of a political consultant, David Sawyer, the husband of Iris Sawyer—one of Goldsteins producers at LOursin. In the intervening forty years, the word has taken on different meanings, in the late 1970s, the term referred to presentations consisting of multi-projector slide shows timed to an audio track. However, by the 1990s multimedia took on its current meaning, in the 1993 first edition of Multimedia, Making It Work, Tay Vaughan declared Multimedia is any combination of text, graphic art, sound, animation, and video that is delivered by computer. When you allow the user – the viewer of the project – to control what, when you provide a structure of linked elements through which the user can navigate, interactive multimedia becomes hypermedia. The German language society Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache recognized the words significance, the institute summed up its rationale by stating has become a central word in the wonderful new media world. In common usage, multimedia refers to an electronically delivered combination of media including video, still images, audio, much of the content on the web today falls within this definition as understood by millions. That era saw also a boost in the production of educational multimedia CD-ROMs, the term video, if not used exclusively to describe motion photography, is ambiguous in multimedia terminology. Video is often used to describe the format, delivery format. Multiple forms of content are often not considered modern forms of presentation such as audio or video. Likewise, single forms of content with single methods of information processing are often called multimedia. Performing arts may also be considered multimedia considering that performers and props are multiple forms of content and media. Multimedia presentations may be viewed by person on stage, projected, transmitted, a broadcast may be a live or recorded multimedia presentation. Broadcasts and recordings can be analog or digital electronic media technology. Digital online multimedia may be downloaded or streamed, streaming multimedia may be live or on-demand
8.
Cabaret
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Cabaret is a form of entertainment featuring music, song, dance, recitation, or drama. It is mainly distinguished by the venue, which might be a pub. The audience, often dining or drinking, does not typically dance, performances are usually introduced by a master of ceremonies or MC. The entertainment, as done by an ensemble of actors and according to its European origins, is oriented towards adult audiences. In the United States striptease, burlesque, drag shows, or a solo vocalist with a pianist, the word cabaret was first used in 1655. It is derived from tavern probably from Middle Dutch cambret, the word cabaret came to mean a restaurant or night club by 1912. Cabaret can be divided in 10 different types. However, these are artificial dividing lines, cabaret shows are most of the time a compound of elements from the different types, the cabaret performer plays with language, sometimes poetic, but often is he or she rock hard and hateful. The cabaret performer analyses in his/her stubborn manner actual, social and political topics, the cabaret performer tells an often slightly absurd story with a moral packed in it. The cabaret performer plays with music, for example by twisting or combining familiar melodies, the cabaret performer tells nonsensical and absurd stories and plays idiotic types. The emphasis is less on text in the show of cabaret performer. Here the cabaret performer eludes on his liberating through laughter role, an iteration of storytelling cabaret The cabaret performer quickly switches between the different styles/types of cabaret, types, or songs. In this the cabaret performer is a guest at a government, institution or a company, cabarets existed in Paris in the 16th century, they were ancestors of the modern restaurant. Unlike taverns they sold wine not by itself but only with a meal, customers might sing if they had drunk enough wine, but early cabarets did not have formal programs of entertainment. Cabarets were frequently used as meeting places for writers and artists, in 1773 French poets, painters, musicians and writers began to meet in a cabaret called Le Caveau on rue de Buci, where they composed and sang songs. The Caveau continued until 1816, when it was forced to close because its clients wrote songs mocking the royal government, in the 18th century the café-concert or café-chantant appeared, which offered food along with music, singers, or magicians. The most famous was the Cafe des Aveugles in the cellars of the Palais-Royal, in the early 19th century many cafés-chantants appeared around the city, the most famous were the Café des Ambassadeurs on the Champs-Élysées and the Eldorado on boulevard Strasbourg. By 1900 there were more than 150 cafés-chantants in Paris, the first cabaret in the modern sense was Le Chat Noir in the Bohemian neighborhood of Montmartre, created in 1881 by Rodolphe Salis, a theatrical agent and entrepreneur
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Village Gate
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The Village Gate was a nightclub at the corner of Thompson and Bleecker Streets in Greenwich Village, New York. Art DLugoff opened the club in 1958, on the ground floor, the large 1896 Chicago School structure by architect Ernest Flagg was known at the time as Mills House No.1 and served as a flophouse for transient men. In its heyday, the Village Gate also included a performance space. The show Jacques Brel is Alive and Well and Living in Paris, as salsa music began to grow in popularity, the Alegre record label began to host quite a few events at the Village Gate - many of which resulted in live recordings. Some of the recordings from the Village Gate were the Alegre All-Star Descarga sessions. The Salsa Meets Jazz series at the Village Gate was a part of the history of New York Latin music. In 1977, WRVR jazz and Latin music DJ and jazz musician/conga drummer Roger Dawson created and hosted an event that brought top Latin bands together with a guest jazz soloist. Dawson named the event Salsa Meets Jazz, the club hosted a benefit for Timothy Leary in May 1970 that featured performances from such counterculture luminaries as Jimi Hendrix and Allen Ginsberg. From 1971 to 1973, a comedy revue called National Lampoons Lemmings had a successful run at the Gate. Let My People Come opened at the Village Gate Theater in 1974, the show broke all box office records there and played for 1,167 performances. Its transfer to the Morosco Theatre on Broadway was not as successful, though and it was nominated for a Grammy in 1974 and has appeared all over the world. From 1989 to 1991, the comedy troupe Noo Yawk Tawk performed at the upstairs theater. The group was conceived and directed by Richmond Shepard, a mime, actor, comedian. All of the performances for Noo Yawk Tawk were entirely improvised, characters may have been repeated, but never the sketches or the dialogue. The audience always set the scene and conditions for each improvisation, the cast included Stan Taffel, Marc Kudisch, Debra Wilson, Eric Douglas, Garry Goodrow, Miguel Sierra, Ken Dashow, Nola Roeper, Bonnie Comley, and Richmond Shepard. Taffel would go on to win three Emmy Awards for his performances in The News In Revue on PBS, Kudisch earned a Tony nomination in 2002. The Village Gate name was used in 1996 at 240 West 52d Street. Art DLugoff, co-producer of the show A Brief History of White Music was looking to rent the space in a formerly occupied by the Lone Star Road House
10.
John Storyk
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John Storyk, a registered architect and acoustician, is a founding partner of Walters-Storyk Design Group. The Walters-Storyk Design Group is a winner of the prestigious TEC Award for outstanding achievement in Acoustics/Facility Design. As an aspiring musician and architecture student at Princeton and Columbia Universities, John Storyk’s first commission after graduating from Princeton University in 1968 was for Jimi Hendrix in 1969. That studio, Electric Lady, continues to churn out hit records today in its site in NYs Greenwich Village. He recently designed MJH Studios in Cranbury, NJ, scheduled to open in early 2017 and his 2011 Jungle City, a $6+ million NYC ‘Destination Studio’ was featured in the NY Times and Vanity Fair. Storyk also serves as a professor at the Berklee College of Music in Boston. In January,2015, Berklee 160 Mass, ave. won the 2015 TEC Award for outstanding achievement in Acoustics/Facility Design, marking WSDGs 9th TEC Award in this category. John Storyk is a member of the American Institute of Architects and he is a frequent contributor to AES Convention Panels and Papers. A recipient of the AES Fellowship Award, he lectures at schools around the U. S. ft. audio education complex in a building at 160 Massachusetts Avenue. The couple raised two sons in Highland, New York and now live in Highland and the Yucatán Coast in Mexico, John Storyk Interview - NAMM Oral History Library
11.
Olivier Messiaen
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Olivier-Eugène-Prosper-Charles Messiaen was a French composer, organist, and ornithologist, one of the major composers of the 20th century. His music is complex, harmonically and melodically it often uses modes of limited transposition. Messiaen also drew on his Roman Catholic faith for his pieces and he travelled widely and wrote works inspired by diverse influences such as Japanese music, the landscape of Bryce Canyon in Utah and the life of St. Francis of Assisi. He said he perceived colours when he heard certain musical chords, combinations of these colours, for a short period Messiaen experimented with the parametrisation associated with total serialism, in which field he is often cited as an innovator. His style absorbed many global musical influences such as Indonesian gamelan, Messiaen entered the Paris Conservatoire at the age of 11 and was taught by Paul Dukas, Maurice Emmanuel, Charles-Marie Widor and Marcel Dupré, among others. He was appointed organist at the de la Sainte-Trinité, Paris, in 1931. He taught at the Schola Cantorum de Paris during the 1930s, the piece was first performed by Messiaen and fellow prisoners for an audience of inmates and prison guards. He was appointed professor of harmony soon after his release in 1941 and his many distinguished pupils included Quincy Jones, Pierre Boulez, Karlheinz Stockhausen and Yvonne Loriod, who became his second wife. He found birdsong fascinating, notating bird songs worldwide and incorporating birdsong transcriptions into his music and his innovative use of colour, his conception of the relationship between time and music, and his use of birdsong are among the features that make Messiaens music distinctive. Olivier-Eugène-Prosper-Charles Messiaen was born December 10,1908 in Avignon, France and he was the elder of two sons of Cécile Sauvage, a poet, and Pierre Messiaen, a teacher of English who translated the plays of William Shakespeare into French. Messiaens mother published a sequence of poems, Lâme en bourgeon, the last chapter of Tandis que la terre tourne, Messiaen later said this sequence of poems influenced him deeply and he cited it as prophetic of his future artistic career. At the outbreak of World War I, Pierre Messiaen enlisted, there Messiaen became fascinated with drama, reciting Shakespeare to his brother with the help of a home-made toy theatre with translucent backdrops made from old cellophane wrappers. At this time he adopted the Roman Catholic faith. Later, Messiaen felt most at home in the Alps of the Dauphiné and he took piano lessons having already taught himself to play. His interest included the recent music of French composers Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel, around this time he began to compose. In 1918 his father returned from the war and the moved to Nantes. The following year Pierre Messiaen gained a teaching post in Paris, Messiaen entered the Paris Conservatoire in 1919, aged 11. At the Conservatoire, Messiaen made excellent academic progress, in 1924, aged 15, he was awarded second prize in harmony, having been taught in that subject by professor Jean Gallon
12.
Quatuor pour la fin du temps
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Quatuor pour la fin du temps, also known by its English title Quartet for the End of Time, is a piece of chamber music by the French composer Olivier Messiaen. The piece is scored for clarinet, violin, cello, and piano, Messiaen was 31 years old when France entered World War II. He was captured by the German army in June 1940 and imprisoned in Stalag VIII-A, while in transit to the camp, Messiaen showed the clarinetist Henri Akoka, also a prisoner, the sketches for what would become Abîme des oiseaux. The combination of instruments is unusual, but not without precedent, Walter Rabl had composed for it in 1896, the quartet was premiered at the camp, outdoors and in the rain, on 15 January 1941. The musicians had decrepit instruments and an audience of about 400 fellow prisoners, the cello was bought with donations from camp members. Messiaen later recalled, Never was I listened to with rapt attention and comprehension. Brüll provided paper and isolation for composing, and he helped acquire the three other instruments. By forging papers with a made from a potato, Brüll even helped the performers to be liberated shortly after the performance. After the war, Brüll made a trip to visit Messiaen. And he set his foot upon the sea, and his left foot on the earth. And the angel which I saw stand upon the sea and upon the earth lifted up his hand to heaven, and sware by him that liveth for ever and ever. That there should be no longer, But in the days of the voice of the seventh angel, when he shall begin to sound. The work is in eight movements, quotations are translated from Messiaens Preface to the score. Crystal liturgy, for the full quartet, transpose this onto a religious plane and you have the harmonious silence of Heaven. The opening movement begins with the solo clarinet imitating a blackbirds song, the underlying pulse is provided by the cello and piano, the cello cycles through the same five-note melody and a repeating pattern of 15 durations. The piano part consists of a 17-note rhythmic pattern permuted strictly through 29 chords, vocalise, for the Angel who announces the end of time, for the full quartet. The first and third parts evoke the power of this mighty angel, a rainbow upon his head and clothed with a cloud, in the middle section are the impalpable harmonies of heaven. In the piano, sweet cascades of blue-orange chords, enclosing in their distant chimes the almost plainchant song of the violin, abyss of birds, for solo clarinet
13.
Bruce Brubaker (musician)
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Bruce Brubaker is an American artist, musician, concert pianist, and writer born in Iowa. Brubakers work uses and combines Western classical music with artistic, literary, theatrical. He is associated with the recent revitalization of classical music, gilmore International Keyboard Festival, Columbia University, and at the Juilliard School. Brubaker has published articles about music and semiotics, and performance as research, Brubaker advocates the treatment of written music as text—he has sometimes performed and recorded new music without the direct input of the composer. Brubaker has said, The piano is a tool that can be used in different ways, classical music can be taken as material for new art. Brubaker has argued that technology is returning music to a condition, and equalizing or blurring the roles of listener, performer. In a conversation with Philip Glass in Princeton, Brubaker referred to the demise of the composer, Brubaker said, Now, its becoming a little less clear who creates a work, who plays the work, and who listens to the work. Those roles used to seem to be so clear – you know, Beethoven wrote it, Brendel played it, but I dont think that quite works anymore. Brubaker was born in Des Moines, Iowa and educated at the Juilliard School where his teacher was pianist Jacob Lateiner. At Juilliard, he studied with Milton Babbitt and Felix Galimir. He received a grant from the National Endowment from the Arts. He has performed at Leipzigs Gewandhaus, New Yorks Avery Fisher Hall, brubakers blog PianoMorphosis appears at ArtsJournal. com. Brubakers solo piano recordings survey a range of American music by Glass, John Adams, Alvin Curran, William Duckworth, Nico Muhly, Brubaker has premiered piano music by Cage, Mark-Anthony Turnage, Nico Muhly, and Daron Hagen. He has collaborated with Meredith Monk, in 2012, Brubaker, together with Ursula Oppens, recorded Monks piano music. For nine years, Brubaker was a faculty member at The Juilliard School where he originated an interdisciplinary performance program in 2001, producing new work with dancers, actors, at Juilliard, he gave public presentations with Philip Glass, Meredith Monk, and Milton Babbitt. In 2000, he produced Piano Century, a retrospective of 20th-century piano music. Since 2004, Brubaker is a faculty member at Bostons New England Conservatory where he has curated projects in collaboration with the Boston Symphony. In 1994, Brubaker founded The SummerMusic Festival at Drake University in his hometown of Des Moines, Brubaker records for Arabesque, Bedroom Community, ECM, and InFiné
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The Wall Street Journal
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The Wall Street Journal is an American business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City. The Journal, along with its Asian and European editions, is published six days a week by Dow Jones & Company, the newspaper is published in the broadsheet format and online. The Wall Street Journal is the largest newspaper in the United States by circulation, according to the Alliance for Audited Media, the Journal had a circulation of about 2.4 million copies as of March 2013, compared with USA Todays 1.7 million. The newspaper has won 39 Pulitzer Prizes through 2015 and derives its name from Wall Street in the heart of the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. The Journal has been printed continuously since its inception on July 8,1889, by Charles Dow, Edward Jones, the Journal also publishes the luxury news and lifestyle magazine WSJ. They were later aggregated in a daily summary called the Customers Afternoon Letter. In 1896, The Dow Jones Industrial Average was officially launched and it was the first of several indices of stock and bond prices on the New York Stock Exchange. In 1899, the Journals Review & Outlook column, which still today, appeared for the first time. Journalist Clarence Barron purchased control of the company for US$130,000 in 1902, circulation was then around 7,000, Barron and his predecessors were credited with creating an atmosphere of fearless, independent financial reporting—a novelty in the early days of business journalism. In 1921, Barrons, Americas premier financial weekly, was founded, Barron died in 1928, a year before Black Tuesday, the stock market crash that greatly affected the Great Depression in the United States. Barrons descendants, the Bancroft family, would continue to control the company until 2007, the Journal took its modern shape and prominence in the 1940s, a time of industrial expansion for the United States and its financial institutions in New York. Bernard Kilgore was named managing editor of the paper in 1941, under Kilgore, in 1947, that the paper won its first Pulitzer Prize, for William Henry Grimess editorials. In 1970, Dow Jones bought the Ottaway newspaper chain, which at the time comprised nine dailies, later, the name was changed to Dow Jones Local Media Group. In 2007 News Corp. acquired Dow Jones, a luxury lifestyle magazine, was launched in 2008. A complement to the print newspaper, The Wall Street Journal Online, was launched in 1996, in 2003, Dow Jones began to integrate reporting of the Journals print and online subscribers together in Audit Bureau of Circulations statements. In 2007, it was believed to be the largest paid-subscription news site on the Web. Since then, online subscribership has fallen, due in part to rising subscription costs, in May 2008, an annual subscription to the online edition of The Wall Street Journal cost $119 for those who do not have subscriptions to the print edition. By June 2013, the monthly cost for a subscription to the edition was $22.99, or $275.88 annually
15.
Manhattan School of Music
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The Manhattan School of Music is a major music conservatory located on the Upper West Side of New York City. The school offers degrees on the bachelors, masters, and doctoral levels in the areas of classical and jazz performance, founded in 1917, the school is located on Claremont Avenue in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of New York City, adjacent to Broadway and West 122nd Street. The MSM campus was originally the home to The Institute of Musical Art until Juilliard migrated to the Lincoln Center area of Midtown Manhattan, the property was originally owned by the Bloomingdale Insane Asylum until The Institute of Musical Art purchased it in 1910. The campus of Columbia University resides close by, where it has been since 1895, many of the students live in the schools residence hall, Andersen Hall. As of 2011,75 percent of the come from outside New York State and 31 percent from outside the United States. The Manhattan School of Music was founded in 1917–1918, by the pianist and philanthropist Janet D. Schenck, eventually, its name was changed to Manhattan School of Music. In 1943, the artistic and academic growth of the resulted in a charter amendment to grant the bachelor of music degree. Two subsequent amendments authorized the offering in 1947 of the master of music degree and, in 1974, in 1956, Dr. Schenck retired and Metropolitan Opera baritone John Brownlee was appointed director, a title later revised to president. President Brownlee initiated the idea of relocating the school to the Morningside Heights neighborhood, in 1969, George Schick, Metropolitan Opera conductor, accompanist, and opera coach, succeeded Brownlee as president and led the schools move to its present location. He created the program, while all other major school functions were managed by Senior Director Stanley Bednar. John O. Crosby, founder and general director of the Santa Fe Opera, was appointed president in 1976 and he was followed by Gideon W. Waldrop, who was appointed in 1986, and Peter C. Simon in 1989. On July 1,1992, Marta Casals Istomin was named president, Dr. Robert Sirota, former director of the Peabody Institute of the Johns Hopkins University, took over the presidency in 2005. He was succeeded by James Gandre, formerly of Roosevelt University, Manhattan School of Music offers a wide variety of live audience performance experiences for its students. There are three orchestras, The MSM Symphony, the Philharmonia, and the Chamber Sinfonia. In addition, many ensembles are assembled for orchestral chamber music. The MSM Wind Ensemble also performs throughout the year, the Jazz Arts Program also contains various ensembles, such as the Jazz Philharmonic, the Jazz Orchestra, Concert Jazz Band, Afro-Cuban Jazz Orchestra, and Chamber Jazz Ensemble. Tactus, the ensemble for chamber music, is made up of graduate students in the schools Contemporary Performance Program. The school also holds an annual competition with which the winner is offered the opportunity to perform with the Symphony Orchestra
16.
Fine art
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Historically, the five main fine arts were painting, sculpture, architecture, music and poetry, with performing arts including theatre and dance. Today, the fine arts commonly include additional forms, such as film, photography, video production/editing, design, sequential art, conceptual art, and printmaking. However, in some institutes of learning or in museums, fine art, in that sense, there are conceptual differences between the fine arts and the applied arts. The word fine does not so much denote the quality of the artwork in question and this definition originally excluded the applied or decorative arts, and the products of what were regarded as crafts. According to some writers the concept of a category of fine art is an invention of the early modern period in the West. Larry Shiner in his The Invention of Art, A Cultural History locates the invention in the 18th century, There was a traditional “system of the arts” in the West before the eighteenth century. ”Similar ideas have been expressed by Paul Oskar Kristeller, Pierre Bourdieu, and Terry Eagleton, though the point of invention is often placed earlier, in the Italian Renaissance. The separation of arts and crafts that often exists in Europe, in Japanese aesthetics the activities of everyday life are depicted by integrating not only art with craft but man-made with nature. Traditional Chinese art distinguished within Chinese painting between the mostly landscape painting of scholar gentlemen and the artisans of the schools of court painting. A high status was given to many things that would be seen as craft objects in the West, in particular ceramics, jade carving, weaving. Drawing is a form of expression and is one of the major forms of the visual arts. Common instruments include graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons, charcoals, chalk, pastels, markers, stylus, There are a number of subcategories of drawing, including cartooning. Mosaics are images formed with pieces of stone or glass. They can be decorative or functional, an artist who designs and makes mosaics is called a mosaic artist or a mosaicist. Printmaking is the process of making artworks by printing, normally on paper, except in the case of monotyping, the process is capable of producing multiples of the same piece, which is called a print. Each print is considered an original, as opposed to a copy, the reasoning behind this is that the print is not a reproduction of another work of art in a different medium — for instance, a painting — but rather an image designed from inception as a print. An individual print is also referred to as an impression, prints are created from a single original surface, known technically as a matrix. But there are other kinds, discussed below. Multiple nearly identical prints can be called an edition, in modern times each print is often signed and numbered forming a limited edition
17.
Indie rock
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Indie rock is a genre of alternative rock that originated in the United States and the United Kingdom in the 1980s. Originally used to independent record labels, the term became associated with the music they produced and was initially used interchangeably with alternative rock. In the mid-1980s, the term began to be used to describe the music produced on punk and post-punk labels. Some prominent indie rock record labels were founded during the 1980s, during the 1990s, Grunge bands broke into the mainstream, and the term alternative lost its original counter-cultural meaning. The term indie rock became associated with the bands and genres that remained dedicated to their independent status, by the end of the 1990s indie rock developed subgenres and related styles including lo-fi, noise pop, emo, slowcore, post-rock and math rock. In the 2000s, changes in the industry and in music technology enabled a new wave of indie rock bands to achieve mainstream success. In the early 2000s, a new group of bands played a stripped-down. The commercial breakthrough from these scenes was led by four bands, The Strokes, The White Stripes, The Hives, emo also broke into mainstream culture in the early 2000s. By the end of the 2000s the proliferation of bands was being referred to as indie landfill. The term indie rock, which comes from independent, describes the small and relatively low-budget labels on which it is released, the influences and styles of the artists have been extremely diverse, including punk, psychedelia, post-punk and country. Allmusic identifies indie rock as including a number of varying musical approaches compatible with mainstream tastes, in fact, there is an everlasting list of genres and subgenres of indie rock. Many countries have developed a local indie scene, flourishing with bands with enough popularity to survive inside the respective country. However, there are still indie bands that start off locally, Indie rock has been identified as a reaction against the macho culture that developed in alternative rock in the aftermath of Nirvanas success. However, Cortney Harding pointed out that this sense of equality is not reflected in the number of women running indie labels. The BBC documentary Music for Misfits, The Story of Indie pinpoints the birth of indie as the 1977 self-publication of the Spiral Scratch EP by Manchester band Buzzcocks, Indie pop and indie were originally synonymous. In the mid-1980s, indie began to be used to describe the music produced on post-punk labels rather than the labels themselves. The indie rock scene in the US was prefigured by the rock that dominated college radio playlists. In the United States, the term was associated with the abrasive, distortion-heavy sounds of the Pixies, Hüsker Dü, Minutemen, Meat Puppets, Dinosaur Jr
18.
Jazz
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Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a form of musical expression. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms, Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience, intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as one of Americas original art forms. As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different national, regional, and local musical cultures, New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging musicians music which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed in the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or musical scale, as the basis of musical structure and improvisation. Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, combining jazz improvisation with rock rhythms, electric instruments. In the early 1980s, a form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful. Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s, such as Latin, the question of the origin of the word jazz has resulted in considerable research, and its history is well documented. It is believed to be related to jasm, a term dating back to 1860 meaning pep. The use of the word in a context was documented as early as 1915 in the Chicago Daily Tribune. Its first documented use in a context in New Orleans was in a November 14,1916 Times-Picayune article about jas bands. In an interview with NPR, musician Eubie Blake offered his recollections of the slang connotations of the term, saying, When Broadway picked it up. That was dirty, and if you knew what it was, the American Dialect Society named it the Word of the Twentieth Century. Jazz has proved to be difficult to define, since it encompasses such a wide range of music spanning a period of over 100 years. Attempts have been made to define jazz from the perspective of other musical traditions, in the opinion of Robert Christgau, most of us would say that inventing meaning while letting loose is the essence and promise of jazz. As Duke Ellington, one of jazzs most famous figures, said, although jazz is considered highly difficult to define, at least in part because it contains so many varied subgenres, improvisation is consistently regarded as being one of its key elements
19.
Jason Pierce
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Jason Andrew Pierce is an English musician. Currently the frontman and sole permanent member of the band Spiritualized and he has worked under the name J. Spaceman. John, Primal Scream, Daniel Johnston, and Yoko Ono among others, Pierce was seriously ill with pneumonia in 2005. Both his lungs had filled with liquid, and the 511 musicians weight plunged to seven stone, in 2006, Pierce released his first solo album, Guitar Loops, a limited release on Coxon and Waless Treader record label. Also in 2006, he composed the score for an art installation called Silent Sound by British artists Iain Forsyth. The live performance at St. Georges Hall in Liverpool was recorded and released as an edition signed and numbered CD. A second performance of Silent Sound took place in 2010 as part of the AV Festival, a second limited edition signed and numbered CD was released. Between 6 and 8 February 2007, Pierce performed in a series of concerts for the HOPING Foundation for Palestinian children. He provided some of the soundtrack for some of Harmony Korines 2007 film, in July 2008 Pierce sat down for an interview with NPR before a concert at the 9,30 Club in Washington DC. Both the interview and the concert can be heard on the NPR website and he released a collaboration with Matthew Shipp entitled Spaceshipp on the Treader label in 2008. Pierce has worked on solo projects, including the remixing of singles by LFO, Global Communication. His song Lay It Down Slow was used for the finale of the hit US drama series Prison Break, in an early 2012 interview, Jason mentions he had been under chemotherapy during the recordings of the 2012 Spiritualized album Sweet Heart Sweet Light. He does not specify the diagnosis for this treatment, but he jokes about it, Jason now lives with his partner and two children in the East End of London
20.
Kid Millions
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Kid Millions is an American musical film directed by Roy Del Ruth, produced by Samuel Goldwyn Productions, and starring Eddie Cantor. Its elaborate Ice Cream Fantasy Finale production number was filmed in three-strip Technicolor, in New York City,1934, we meet jazz singer, Dot Clark, and her shady gangster boyfriend, Louie The Lug. After having an affair with the deceased Professor Edward Wilson, Dot is now technically his common-law wife and she has to go to Egypt to claim the money, and sets off with Louie in hopes of getting the cash. Mr. Slade, the lawyer, goes to a barge in Brooklyn where Eddie is living with his father, Pops, an old stevedore. However, Eddie is managing to live a nice life nonetheless, with his girlfriend, Nora Toots and he dreams of the day when he will have enough money to live his own life outside of the dirty barge. Moments later, Eddie is informed that he has inherited the 77 million dollars, aboard the ship, we meet Colonel Henry Larrabee, a gentleman from Virginia who sponsored Eddie Srs exploration endeavors and wants a share of the money as well. Eddie befriends his niece, Joan, and Dot and Louie realize that they are not the only ones traveling to Egypt. In an elaborate scheme to trick Eddie into signing over the inheritance, Dot disguises herself as Eddies mother and almost succeeds in duping him, meanwhile, Gerald Lane has boarded the ship and we see that he is in love with Joan Larrabee. In the ships bar, the Colonel, Gerald, and Louie realize they are all traveling for the same reason, Joan overhears and becomes angry with him, much to Jerrys dismay. Louie tries to get Eddie to hand over the cash by trying to bump him off by pushing him off the deck in a wheelchair. The duo thinks they have succeeded in getting rid of Eddie, Eddie tries to help Jerry win back Joan, and suggests they rehearse a number for the ships concert the next evening. They rehearse, but Joan is still frosty toward him, at the ships concert, Jerry, Eddie, Dot, Joan, and members of the chorus perform a big minstrel show number featuring a specialty tap by the Nicholas Brothers. The ship lands in Alexandria, Egypt, and we see that Joan is still angry with Jerry, Eddie, still convinced that Dot is his mother and Louie is his uncle, wants to see a magician performing at the ships port. When the magician taunts Louie and calls him a coward, Louie gets in the magic basket, Eddie chases a little dog running through the marketplace and lands literally in the lap of the sheikhs daughter, Princess Fanya, who falls instantly in love with Eddie. She forces him to come with her back to the palace, where Eddie meets her father, Sheikh Mulhulla, and her fiancé, Ben Ali, Fanya hyperbolizes the encounter with the dog, saying that Eddie saved her from a lions attack instead of a puppy. Eddie then is invited to stay at the palace, much to Fanyas delight, however, soon Sheikh Mulhulla learns of the Americans being in Egypt who have come to take the 77 million dollar treasure that he believes is rightfully his. He tells Eddie about this and Eddie begins to worry about his mother and his uncle, in a comical scene, the Sheikh and Eddie smoke a hookah pipe and the Sheikh tells him of the affair he is having with a famous dancer who lives in the village. The harem women try to seduce Eddie, but he is steadfast to remain faithful to Nora Toots, Princess Fanya has a plot to get Eddie to marry her and she tells her father that Eddie kissed her on the camel when they first met
21.
Grand Valley State University
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Grand Valley State University is a public liberal arts university located in Allendale, Michigan, United States. The university was established in 1960, and its campus is situated on 1,322 acres approximately 12 miles west of Grand Rapids. Classes are also offered at the universitys growing Robert C, Pew Campus in Downtown Grand Rapids, Meijer Campus in Holland, and through centers at Muskegon and Traverse City established in cooperation with local community colleges. GVSU is a coeducational university serving more than 25,460 students as of fall 2016, from all 83 Michigan counties and dozens of other states. The university currently has alumni residing in all 50 U. S. states, Canada, for the 2010–2011 academic year, GVSU was recognized as a top producer of Fulbright Scholars for masters institutions by The Chronicle of Higher Education. GVSU has also noted for its sustainability efforts, ranking as high as 16th in the world for environment-friendly university management by GreenMetric World University Ranking in 2011. GVSUs NCAA Division II sports teams are called the Lakers, the Lakers have won 16 NCAA Division II National Championships since 2002 in seven different sports. In 1958 the Michigan Legislature commissioned a study demonstrated a need for a four-year college in the Grand Rapids area. Local businessman Bill Seidman created a committee to study the report and spearhead the planning, in the following year the Michigan Legislature established the college. A naming contest was held, and out of 2500 submissions, private donations, including $350,000 to purchase land and $1,000,000 for construction, were secured from 5,000 individuals, organizations, and business throughout West Michigan. Grand Valley State College accepted its first class of 225 students in 1963, the middle-late 1960s saw the addition of the first dormitories and construction of new academic buildings, including the Zumberge Library, named for the universitys first president, James Zumberge. In 1969, the Grand Valley Lanthorn printed an issue containing several vulgarities and obscenities, the university, then a co-ed college, sued the sheriff and prosecutor for closing the Lanthorn offices. Eventually, Michigans Attorney General settled the case out of court, which cited that the Lanthorns content was considered covered by Freedom of Speech. During the 1970s Grand Valley used a multiple college concept, College of Arts and Sciences, Thomas Jefferson College, William James College, Seidman College of Business, former Michigan Governor William Milliken signed into law for the name to be changed to Grand Valley State Colleges in 1973. However the s was dropped and the name was reverted to Grand Valley State College in 1983 when the programs were reorganized into divisions. In 1987 the Michigan Legislature passed a law renaming the college to Grand Valley State University, the 1980s and 1990s saw addition of satellite campuses or centers in downtown Grand Rapids, Muskegon, Holland and Traverse City. The fall semester of 2010 began a celebration of the universitys first 50 years of history. Grand Valley completed its first 50 years with a campaign that raised almost $100 million from over 17,000 donors
22.
Terry Riley
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Terrence Mitchell Terry Riley is an American composer and performing musician associated with the minimalist school of Western classical music, of which he was a pioneer. His work is influenced by both jazz and Indian classical music. He was involved in the experimental San Francisco Tape Music Center, working with Morton Subotnick, Steve Reich, Pauline Oliveros and his most influential teacher, however, was Pandit Pran Nath, a master of Indian classical voice, who also taught La Monte Young and Marian Zazeela. Riley made numerous trips to India over the course of their association to study and to him on tabla, tambura. Riley was awarded an Honorary Doctorate Degree in Music at Chapman University in 2007, Riley began his long-lasting association with the Kronos Quartet when he met founder David Harrington while at Mills. Over the course of his career, Riley composed 13 string quartets for the ensemble and he wrote his first orchestral piece, Jade Palace, in 1991, and has continued to pursue that avenue, with several commissioned orchestral compositions following. Riley is also performing and teaching both as an Indian raga vocalist and as a solo pianist. He is married to Anne Riley, Riley continues to perform live and was part of the All Tomorrows Parties festival in May 2011. He has three children, one daughter, Colleen, and two sons, Shahn and Gyan, who is a guitarist, Rileys music is usually based on improvising through a series of modal figures of different lengths, such as in In C and the Keyboard Studies. The first performance of In C was given by Steve Reich, Jon Gibson, Pauline Oliveros, and Morton Subotnick. Its form was an innovation, The piece consists of 53 separate modules of roughly one measure apiece, each containing a different musical pattern but each, as the title implies, one performer beats a steady pulse of Cs on the piano to keep tempo. The others, in any number and on any instrument, perform these musical modules following a few loose guidelines, an early tape loop piece titled The Gift featured the trumpet playing of Chet Baker. Riley has composed using just intonation as well as microtones, a longtime friend of LaMonte Young, he played with him in New York City in the mid 1960s, as well as tabla player Angus MacLise and John Cale, who were founding members of The Velvet Underground. Rileys famous overdubbed electronic album A Rainbow in Curved Air inspired many later developments in electronic music and these include Pete Townshends organ parts on The Whos Wont Get Fooled Again and Baba ORiley, the latter named in tribute to Riley as well as to Meher Baba. Rileys collaborators have included the Rova Saxophone Quartet, Pauline Oliveros, the ARTE Quartett, and, as mentioned, Rileys 1995 Lisbon Concert recording features him in a solo piano format, improvising on his own works. In the liner notes Riley cites Art Tatum, Bud Powell,1963, Music for The Gift 1964, In C, Columbia MS71781965, Reed Streams, Mass Art Inc. M-1311968 Gem, with Gérard Frémy & Martine Joste,1969, A Rainbow in Curved Air, CBS645641971, Church of Anthrax, with John Cale 1972, Happy Ending, Warner Bros. Klaus Kinski, Tina Aumont and Hiram Keller, soundtrack released as Le secret de la vie in France, on Philips LP9120037
23.
In C
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In C is a musical piece composed by Terry Riley in 1964 for an indefinite number of performers. He suggests a group of about 35 is desired if possible, in C consists of 53 short, numbered musical phrases, lasting from half a beat to 32 beats, each phrase may be repeated an arbitrary number of times. Each musician has control over which phrase they play, players are encouraged to play the phrases starting at different times, in this way, although the melodic content of each part is predetermined, In C has elements of aleatoric music to it. The performance directions state that the ensemble should try to stay within two to three phrases of each other. The phrases must be played in order, although some may be skipped, as detailed in some editions of the score, it is customary for one musician to play the note C in repeated eighth notes, typically on a piano or pitched-percussion instrument. This functions as a metronome and is referred to as The Pulse, Steve Reich introduced the idea of a rhythmic pulse to Riley, who accepted it, thus radically altering the original composition by Riley which had no rhythm. The number of performers may vary between any two performances. The original recording of the piece was created by 11 musicians, though the polyphonic interplay of the various patterns against each other and themselves at different rhythmic displacements is of primary interest, the piece may be considered heterophonic. The piece has been recorded a number of times, Grand Valley State University New Music Ensemble produced an album of remixed versions of In C. A discussion of the In C remixing project including music played from three of the remixed versions can be heard in Radiolabs podcast on In C from December 14,2009, in C on Its Own Terms, A Statistical and Historical View. Perspectives of New Music 49, no, MIDI realization by Jeffrey C. Hall Steve Reich Interview The Music Show, ABC Radio National Free performance Performance on Soundcloud by 21 Guitarets
24.
Guest of a Guest
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Guest of a Guest is a website founded by Cameron Winklevoss and Rachelle Hruska that covers high society events, people, and places. Business Insider has described the site as the new Page Six, the site has about 12 full-time employees and dozens of editors and photographers who cover local and international cultural events in places such as Miami, Chicago, London, Paris, and Berlin. Hruska serves as the executive officer. Hruska met Winklevoss in 2005 in New York City while writing a blog about the citys nightlife when Winklevoss convinced her to take on Guest of a Guest as a full-time company. The name Guest of a Guest originated when Rachelle Hruska noticed that people on the party circuit did not own their own houses in the Hamptons. Instead, they crashed at other peoples houses, everyone was a guest of a guest, she told the Wall Street Journal. Since the sites expansion to other cities, the guest of a guest reference has taken on a new meaning, referring to how its users are receiving behind-the-scene images of the events. Guest of a Guest has hosted over fifteen thousand events since the websites founding, the digital media company describes its mission as aiming to build one of the largest searchable photo directories of both celebrity and non-celebrity guests at events. Hruska became the owner of Guest of a Guest in 2012 when she purchased Winklevosss stake in the company. Guest of a Guest launched a Hamptons-centric site in the summer of 2008 with Los Angeles following in March 2010, Guest of a Guest first launched a daily newsletter in the summer of 2009. In 2012, the website began to cover global cultural events such as Cannes, Art Basel, Paris Fashion Week, YSK is a project Guest of a Guest undertook for both New York and San Francisco starting in 2014. YSK features creative power players from the worlds of art, fashion, media, the feature provides editorial photos of each individual along with a short interview. The Los Angeles portion of YSK will be released in 2016
25.
DownBeat
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Down Beat is an American magazine devoted to jazz, blues and beyond, the last word indicating its expansion beyond the jazz realm which it covered exclusively in previous years. The publication was established in 1934 in Chicago, Illinois and it is named after the downbeat in music also called beat one or the first beat of a musical measure. Down Beat publishes results of surveys of both its readers and critics in a variety of categories. The Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame includes winners from both the readers and critics poll, the results of the readers poll are published in the December issue, those of the critics poll in the August issue. In April 1979, Down Beat went to a schedule for the first time since 1939. The DownBeat Jazz Hall of Fame is maintained at Universal Studios City Jazz club in Orlando, current membership, by year, is listed in the following table. The critics poll was not initiated until 1961, so winners before then were all chosen by readers polls, in 2010, the Veterans Committee Hall of Fame began electing deserving, deceased musicians of bygone eras
26.
Foursquare
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Foursquare is a local search-and-discovery service mobile app which provides search results for its users. The app provides personalized recommendations of places to go to near a current location based on users previous browsing history, purchases. The service was created in late 2008 and launched in 2009 by Dennis Crowley, Crowley had previously founded the similar project Dodgeball as his graduate thesis project in the Interactive Telecommunications Program at New York University. Google bought Dodgeball in 2005 and shut it down in 2009, Dodgeball user interactions were based on SMS technology, rather than an application. Foursquare was the iteration of that same idea, that people can use mobile devices to interact with their environment. Foursquare was Dodgeball reimagined to take advantage of the new smartphones, like the iPhone, in May 2014, the company launched Swarm, a companion app to Foursquare, that reimagined the social networking and location sharing aspects of the service as a separate application. On August 7,2014 the company launched Foursquare 8.0, as of December 2013, Foursquare had 45 million registered users. Male and female users are represented and also 50 percent of users are outside the US. Support for French, Italian, German, Spanish, and Japanese was added in February 2011, support for Indonesian, Korean, Portuguese, Russian, and Thai was added in September 2011. Support for Turkish was added in June 2012, on January 14,2016, Dennis Crowley, stepped down from his position as Co-founder and CEO. He moved to an Executive Chairman position while Jeff Glueck, the companys COO, on August 7,2014, Foursquare 8.0 was launched for iOS and Android devices. The new app has changed the focus of the app to being primarily a search and discovery tool. Foursquare lets the user search for restaurants, nightlife spots, shops and it is also possible to search other areas by entering the name of a remote location. The app displays personalised recommendations based on the time of day, displaying breakfast places in the morning, recommendations are personalised based on factors that include a users check-in history, their Tastes and their venue ratings and according to their friends reviews. Tips are limited to 200 characters in length, but can include a URL to link to a site with more information. Tips can be set to expire after an amount of time, or on a specific date. Users have the ability to Like tips left by other users, as a reward for leaving quality tips, a user can also earn expertise in a particular location or category. Expertise is awarded based on the number and quality of tips a user writes, when a user earns expertise, their tips are made more prominent and a label indicating their expertise is added beneath relevant tips
27.
Lonely Planet
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Lonely Planet is the largest travel guide book publisher in the world. The company is owned by American billionaire Brad Kelleys NC2 Media, originally called Lonely Planet Publications, the company changed its name to Lonely Planet in July 2009 to reflect its broad travel industry coverage and an emphasis on digital products. As of 2011, the company had sold 120 million books since inception and by early 2014, it had sold around 11 million units of its travel apps. As of 2014, Lonely Planets largest office is located in Footscray, a suburb of Melbourne, Australia, other Lonely Planet offices are spread throughout the world, in locations such as London, United Kingdom, Beijing, China, and Delhi, India. Lonely Planet was founded by married couple Maureen and Tony Wheeler, Tony Wheeler graduated from the University of Warwick and London Business School, and was a former engineer at the Chrysler corporation. The pair met in London in 1970 and, in July 1972, they embarked on a trip through Europe and Asia. The route that followed was first undertaken by vehicle on the 1955 Oxford-Cambridge Overland Expedition. Lonely Planets first book, Across Asia on the Cheap, consisting of 94 pages, was written by the couple in their home, the original print run consisted of stapled booklets and sold out. In October 2007 Observer writer Carol Cadwalladr—who also coauthored Travellers Survival Kit Lebanon—described the book as canonical, across Asia on the Cheap offered the advice of amateur travelers who had completed the overland trip from London to Sydney, Australia in just under six months. During the 1970s, traveling was considered an aspect of the counterculture and Tony Wheeler said in 2013, what became known as the hippie trail was a popular route for such travelers, as the price of travel dropped and numerous Asian travel companies were launched. Cadwalladr further states that Wheelers peers throughout the world made the decision to travel. Other travel guide brand names also emerged in the early 1970s, such as Rough Guides, the popularity of the hippy trail, combined with the success of the original Lonely Planet publications, led the Wheelers to further develop the brand they had founded. The couple discovered writers in bars and also people that if they could return to Australia with a completed book. Tony Wheeler explained, You couldn’t just look for travel book writers because they weren’t out there and we just told people that if you turn up in a year and a half with a book, we’ll publish it, and we did. It was very rough and ready, the popularity of the overland route taken by the Wheelers in 1972 declined when Irans borders closed in 1979. For a long time we had a problem that every writer wanted to rewrite the history, we’d say, “Why are we rewriting the history of India for the 10th time. Surely, it’s not changing every two years, in a 2007 interview, Tony Wheeler discussed one of the original Lonely Planet writers, Geoff Crowther, who wrote guides for India, South America, Africa and Korea. His writing was instrumental to the rise of Lonely Planet, however, Crowther at the time was not living in Goa, nor was he a broken man, instead he was living in the rainforests of East Coast Australia
28.
Paper (magazine)
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Kimberly Kim Kardashian West is an American reality television personality, socialite, actress, businesswoman and model. Kardashian first gained attention as a friend and stylist of Paris Hilton. Later that year, she and her family began to appear in the E. s reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians. Its success soon led to the creation of spin-offs including Kourtney and Kim Take New York and Kourtney, Kardashians personal life soon became subject to widespread media attention. In recent years, Kardashian has grown an influential online and social presence, including tens of millions of followers on Twitter. She has released a variety of products tied to her name, including the successful 2014 mobile game Kim Kardashian, Hollywood, a variety of clothing and products, and the 2015 photo book Selfish. Her relationship with rapper Kanye West has also received significant media coverage, time magazine included Kardashian on their list of 2015s 100 most influential people, while Vogue described her in 2016 as a pop culture phenomenon. Critics and admirers have described her as exemplifying the notion of being famous for being famous and she was reported to be the highest-paid reality television personality of 2015, with her total earnings exceeding US$53 million. Kardashian was born on October 21,1980 in Los Angeles, California, to parents Robert and she has an older sister Kourtney, a younger sister Khloé, and a younger brother Rob. Their mother is of Dutch, English, Irish and Scottish ancestry, after their parents divorced in 1991, her mother married again that year, to Caitlyn Jenner, the 1976 Summer Olympics decathlon winner. Through their marriage, Kardashian gained step-brothers Burton Burt, Brandon, and Brody, step-sister Casey, as a teenager, she attended Marymount High School, a Roman Catholic all-girls school in Los Angeles. In 1994, her father represented football player O. J. Simpson during his murder trial, kims father died in 2003 of cancer. In her 20s, Kardashian was the friend and stylist of socialite Paris Hilton. In February 2007, a sex tape made by Kardashian and Ray J in 2003 was leaked, Kardashian filed a lawsuit against Vivid Entertainment, who distributed the film as Kim K Superstar. She later dropped the suit and settled for a reported US$5 million, the series proved successful for E. and has led to the creations of spin-offs including Kourtney and Kim Take New York and Kourtney and Kim Take Miami. In one of the episode, Kim discussed an offer from Playboy to appear nude in the magazine and that December, Kardashian posed for a nude pictorial for Playboy. In 2008, she made her film debut in the disaster film spoof Disaster Movie. That same year, she was a participant on season seven of Dancing with the Stars, Kardashian was the third contestant to be eliminated
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New York (magazine)
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New York is a bi-weekly magazine concerned with life, culture, politics, and style generally, and with a particular emphasis on New York City. Founded by Milton Glaser and Clay Felker in 1968 as a competitor to The New Yorker, it was brasher and less polite, and established itself as a cradle of New Journalism. Since its redesign and relaunch in 2004, the magazine has won more National Magazine Awards than any other publication and it was one of the first dual-audience lifestyle magazines, and its format and style have been emulated by some other American regional city publications. In 2009, its paid and verified circulation was 408,622 and its websites—NYmag. com, Vulture. com, The Cut, and Grub Street—receive visits from more than 14 million users per month. New York began life in 1963 as the Sunday-magazine supplement of the New York Herald Tribune newspaper, edited first by Sheldon Zalaznick and then by Clay Felker, the magazine showcased the work of several talented Tribune contributors, including Tom Wolfe, Barbara Goldsmith, and Jimmy Breslin. Soon after the Tribune went out of business in 1966–67, Felker and his partner, Milton Glaser, gerald Goldsmith, and reincarnated the magazine as a stand-alone glossy. Joining them was managing editor Jack Nessel, Felkers number-two at the Herald Tribune, New Yorks first issue was dated April 8,1968. Among the by-lines were many names from the magazines earlier incarnation, including Breslin, Wolfe, and George Goodman. Within a year, Felker had assembled a team of contributors who would come to define the magazines voice, Breslin became a regular, as did Gloria Steinem, who wrote the city-politics column, and Gail Sheehy. Harold Clurman was hired as the theater critic, Alan Rich covered the classical-music scene. Gael Greene, writing under the rubric The Insatiable Critic, reviewed restaurants, Woody Allen contributed a few stories for the magazine in its early years. The magazines regional focus and innovative illustrations inspired numerous imitators across the country, the office for the magazine was on the top floor of the old Tammany Hall clubhouse at 207 East 32nd Street, which Glaser owned. Wolfe, a contributor to the magazine, wrote a story in 1970 that captured the spirit of the magazine, Radical Chic. The article described a benefit party for the Black Panthers, held in Leonard Bernsteins apartment, in a collision of high culture, in 1972, New York also launched Ms. magazine, which began as a special issue. New West, a magazine on New Yorks model that covered California life, was also published for a few years in the 1970s. As the 1970s progressed, Felker continued to broaden the magazines editorial vision beyond Manhattan, covering Richard Nixon, twenty years later, Cohn admitted that hed done no more than drive by Odysseys door, and that hed made the rest up. It was a problem of what Wolfe, in 1972, had labeled The New Journalism. In 1976, the Australian media baron Rupert Murdoch bought the magazine in a hostile takeover, a succession of editors followed, including Joe Armstrong and John Berendt
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The Village Voice
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The Village Voice is an American news and culture paper, known for being the countrys first alternative newsweekly. Founded in 1955 by Dan Wolf, Ed Fancher and Norman Mailer, since its founding, The Village Voice has received three Pulitzer Prizes, the National Press Foundation Award and the George Polk Award. Among news sources, The Village Voice is known for its combination of news reporting and arts & culture coverage. The Village Voice has hosted a variety of writers and artists, including writer Ezra Pound, cartoonist Lynda Barry. In addition to daily coverage through its website and a print edition that circulates in New York City. In the 1960s the offices were located at Sheridan Square, then, from the 70s through 1980, at 11th Street and University Place, in 1991 they moved to Cooper Square in the East Village, and in 2013, to the Financial District. John Wilcock wrote a column every week for the papers first ten years, another regular from that period was the cartoonist Kin Platt, who did weekly theatrical caricatures. Other prominent regulars have included Peter Schjeldahl, Ellen Willis, Tom Carson, Wayne Barrett, the Voice has published investigations of New York City politics, as well as reporting on national politics, with arts, culture, music, dance, film, and theater reviews. Writers for the Voice have received three Pulitzer Prizes, in 1981,1986 and 2000, almost since its inception the paper has recognized alternative theater in New York through its Obie Awards. The papers Pazz & Jop music poll, started by Robert Christgau in the early 1970s, is released annually, in 1999, film critic J. Hoberman and film section editor Dennis Lim began a similar Village Voice Film Poll for the year in film. In 2001 the paper sponsored its first music festival, Siren Festival, in 2011, the event moved to the lower tip of Manhattan and re-christened the 4knots Music Festival, a reference to the speed of the East Rivers current. Today, the Voice is known for its support for the civil rights of gays. However, early in its history, the newspaper had a reputation as having an anti-homosexuality slant, while reporting on the Stonewall riots of 1969, the newspaper referred to the riots as The Great Faggot Rebellion. Two reporters, Smith and Truscott, both used the words faggot and dyke in their articles about the riots, the newspaper changed their policy after the GLF petitioned the newspaper to do so. Over time, the Voice has changed its stance, and in 1982, as a testament to the Voices popularity in New York City, the paper is mentioned in the musical Rent during the song La Vie Boheme. The line states To riding your bike midday past the three suits, to fruits, to no absolutes, to Absolut, to choice, to The Village Voice. Seventeen alternative weeklies around the United States are owned by the Voices parent company Village Voice Media, in 2005, the Phoenix alternative weekly chain New Times Media purchased the company and took the Village Voice Media name. After The Village Voice was acquired by New Times Media in 2005, the Voice was then managed by two journalists from Phoenix, Arizona
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Los Angeles Times
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The Los Angeles Times, commonly referred to as the Times or LA Times, is a paid daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California, since 1881. It was the largest metropolitan newspaper in circulation in the United States in 2008, the Times is owned by tronc. The Times was first published on December 4,1881, as the Los Angeles Daily Times under the direction of Nathan Cole Jr. and it was first printed at the Mirror printing plant, owned by Jesse Yarnell and T. J. Unable to pay the bill, Cole and Gardiner turned the paper over to the Mirror Company. Mathes had joined the firm, and it was at his insistence that the Times continued publication, in July 1882, Harrison Gray Otis moved from Santa Barbara to become the papers editor. Otis made the Times a financial success, in an era where newspapers were driven by party politics, the Times was directed at Republican readers. As was typical of newspapers of the time, the Times would sit on stories for several days, historian Kevin Starr wrote that Otis was a businessman capable of manipulating the entire apparatus of politics and public opinion for his own enrichment. Otiss editorial policy was based on civic boosterism, extolling the virtues of Los Angeles, the efforts of the Times to fight local unions led to the October 1,1910 bombing of its headquarters, killing twenty-one people. Two union leaders, James and Joseph McNamara, were charged, the American Federation of Labor hired noted trial attorney Clarence Darrow to represent the brothers, who eventually pleaded guilty. Upon Otiss death in 1917, his son-in-law, Harry Chandler, Harry Chandler was succeeded in 1944 by his son, Norman Chandler, who ran the paper during the rapid growth of post-war Los Angeles. Family members are buried at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery near Paramount Studios, the site also includes a memorial to the Times Building bombing victims. The fourth generation of family publishers, Otis Chandler, held that position from 1960 to 1980, Otis Chandler sought legitimacy and recognition for his familys paper, often forgotten in the power centers of the Northeastern United States due to its geographic and cultural distance. He sought to remake the paper in the model of the nations most respected newspapers, notably The New York Times, believing that the newsroom was the heartbeat of the business, Otis Chandler increased the size and pay of the reporting staff and expanded its national and international reporting. In 1962, the paper joined with the Washington Post to form the Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Service to syndicate articles from both papers for news organizations. During the 1960s, the paper won four Pulitzer Prizes, more than its previous nine decades combined, eventually the coupon-clipping branches realized that they could make more money investing in something other than newspapers. Under their pressure the companies went public, or split apart, thats the pattern followed over more than a century by the Los Angeles Times under the Chandler family. The papers early history and subsequent transformation was chronicled in an unauthorized history Thinking Big and it has also been the whole or partial subject of nearly thirty dissertations in communications or social science in the past four decades. In 2000, the Tribune Company acquired the Times, placing the paper in co-ownership with then-WB -affiliated KTLA, which Tribune acquired in 1985
