An étude or study is an instrumental, usually short musical composition designed to provide practice material for perfecting a particular musical skill. The tradition of writing études emerged in the
Last bars of Franz Liszt's Transcendental Étude No. 2: one of the most difficult of Liszt's études [according to whom?], this is a study in passages for alternating and overlapping hands.
John Milton Cage Jr. was an American composer, artist, and music theorist. A pioneer of indeterminacy in music, electroacoustic music, and non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one of the
Étude
…Études written in the 20th century include those related to traditional ones (György Ligeti) and those that require wholly unorthodox technique (John Cage). During the 19th century, it was quite popular for composers to write studies, with composer Howard Ferguson saying that "almost every 19th-century…
Cage in 1988
Cage studied with composer Arnold Schoenberg from 1933 to 1935.