Langelinie
Langelinie is a pier and park in central Copenhagen and home of the statue of The Little Mermaid. The area has for centuries been a destination for excursions. Most cruise ships arriving in Copenhagen berth at Langelinie Pier, for a long time, the stretch was a military area where civilians were not granted unrestricted access. Under a general order from 1819, soldiers were required to throw water in the head and on the breast, eventually a beach promenade and a park for the Bourgeoisie were made but with access only on the payment of a toll to keep the more common people out. Not until an uprising in 1848 did the area become open to everybody. The expansion of the city and the increasing industrialization soon made it clear that the harbour was becoming too small. In a plan from 1862 it was decided to dig out the area to access for the largest ocean-going vessels. A suggestion to make all of Amager into a zone was abolished. The beginning of the work was prompted by Germanys construction of the Kiel Canal that was begun in 1887, in 1894 the work was completed and Copenhagen had got an entirely new harbourfront.
Langelinie became now a pier on the side of that harbour basin. The Langelinie Park stretches from Esplanaden in the south to Langelinie Marina, formally, it includes Kastellet although this site is generally referred to under its own name. The park contains numerous monuments, buildings, a marina, among these are the Gefion Fountain, the Ivar Huitfeldt Column and The Little Mermaid. Langelinie Marina was established in the 1890s in connection with the foundation of the Free Port, Copenhagen rowing clubs have for many years had their base at the marina. Today only B&Ws and DFDS are left after ØKs passed their premises to Langelinie Marinas Boat Huild, the Langelinie Pier has a water depth allowing big ocean-going vessels to tie up. The area has a number of statues and memorials and these include a cast bronze sculpture polar bear with cubs and memorials for MS Jutlandia, Ludvig Mylius-Erichsen. The polar bear has some bullet holes at the head and they were made by a German soldier under the Occupation of Denmark
Ryvangen Memorial Park
The location in Ryvangen, which means rye field, was acquired in 1893 by the army for a barracks and exercise field. On 29 August 1943, when the Danish cooperation with Germany broke down the German occupying forces seized the army, while the German army used the barracks for themselves, part of the exercise field was used as an execution and burial site for members of the Danish resistance. The execution site consisted of three poles to which the condemned were tied and executed by firing squad. In a number of cases, the parish registers cited below state that the remains were brought to the Department of Forensic Medicine of the university of Copenhagen for an inquest. 27 bodies were actually found weeks after 5 May, with 25 found between one and two months after the liberation, one of the bodies found could not be identified while one exhumed body was identified as a Rottenführer of the SS. The inquests at the Department of Forensic Medicine showed that at least 19 men mentioned in the registers of Bethlehem, Holmen, Vor Frelser, Års.
Markus, Ålborg were executed with shots to the chest, with seven men each receiving from three to seven gunshot wounds, after the liberation the site was converted to a cemetery and memorial park for the resistance members who were executed there or were otherwise killed. In connection with the burials there, the site was referred to as Mindekirkegaarden i Ryvangen, the bereaved could choose to have the remains buried at the memorial park or at a cemetery closer to home. Bishop Hans Fuglsang-Damgaard inaugurated the park as a cemetery with the Danish Royal Family, in the center of the grave field lies a memorial stone for the 91 resistance members who were exhumed in Ryvangen and buried in a cemetery closer to home. The remains of 31 Danes who died in German prisons and concentration camps are buried here, the pergola along the eastern border of the park has a memorial wall with 151 plaques, one for each of the 151 Danish resistance members whose remains have never been found. On 24 December 1949 the newly formed Home Guard held a service for the victims of the occupation in the memorial park.
Every Christmas Eve since the Home Guard holds a service there. Arne Sørensen, minister for ecclesiastical affairs, took the initiative to create the park at the former execution. The park was designed by Kaj Gottlob, the garden by Aksel Andersen, on 5 May 1950, five years after the liberation, the park was finished and officially inaugurated. On every liberation day since then, the Comrades Help Foundation holds a service in the park. The sculptor Axel Poulsen created the monument For Denmark / The mother with the slain son located centrally in the park, in addition to the tombstones, the park has a number of memorial stones and plaques, with a large communal plaque at the center. At the execution site the wooden poles were replaced by bronze duplicates. The inscription translates literally to, Boys you boys who died You lit for Denmark in the darkest gloom a shining rosy dawn, in addition to the 105 resistance members listed below, Harald Christensen was buried in Mindelunden on 29 August 1945
Midtermolen
Midtermolen is a pier which extends north from India Quay in the Southern Free Port of Copenhagen, dividing the dock into an east and west basin. The wharf was constructed as part of the free port which was constructed in 1894. The Silo Warehouse which was completed at its tip that same year was the new port areas most imposing building until it was demolished after a fire in 1969, the building was designed by Vilhelm Dahlerup with inspiration from Christian IVs Renaissance buildings. Its core was an 11 storeys high grain silo while the sides served as regular warehouses, the official time signal was from 1909 until World War II located on the roof of the building. It consisted of a ball which was raised every morning and dropped at 13,00, in 1994, a new headquarters for East Asiatic Company was inaugurated at the tip of the pier. The company had originally based in Asia House at present day Indiakaj. The new 19,000 square metre headquarters at Midtermolen, known as Company House, was designed by PLH Arkitekter, Company House now serve as headquarters for the insurance company Alm
Freeport of Copenhagen
The Free Port of Copenhagen is a bonded area in the northern part of Harbour of Copenhagen, Denmark. The original grounds, now known as Søndre Frihavn, has since been released for other uses, the free port is now located in Nordhavnen and is part of Copenhagen Malmö Port. In a plan from 1862 it was decided to dig out the area to access for the largest ocean-going wessels. A suggestion to make all of Amager into a zone was abolished. Construction began in 1891, prompted by Germanys construction of the Kiel Canal that was begun in 1887, the new free port was inaugurated on 9 November 1894. A private limited company, Københavns Frihavns-Aktieselskab, was given a concession on operating the port by the Ministry of Interior Affairs. All shares in the Free Port Company was taken over by Port Authority in 1951, in 1915–15, the free port was expanded with a new basin, Jronløn Basin, located to the north. It made it blocked the access to the Kalkbrænderihavnen dock, making it necessary to dig out a new canal to it.
The next expansion of the port took place between 1919 and 1931, creating the harbour basin now known as Orient Basin. The free port left its original grounds in 1885, an architectural competition was launched for the future use of the area. Among the entries were a proposal from Jørn Utzon which included a highrise and several buildings on Langelinie Pier. The Amerika Plads area was redeveloped in the 2000s, the free port is now located in Nordhavnen and is part of Copenhagen Malmö Port. It consists of a West Quay (now America Quay, a South Quay (now India Quay, a shorter pier, extended north from South Quay, separating the harbour into an east and a west basin. Only the west side of East Pier was part of the free port, the east side of the pier was used for recreational purposes as a replacement of the promenade which had previously followed the coastline. The two sides were separated from each other by the Langelinie Promenade, a raised promenade constructed on top of a row of low warehouses.
The dock is to the north closed by the Marble Pier, in 1931, after the second expansion had been completed, the free port covered a total area of 82.5 hectares of which 49.1 hectares were land and 33.4 hectares were water. The total length of the quays was approximately 4,770 metre with water depth between 7.5 m to 9.5 m, the Custom Guard Building was built in 1894 to designs by Erik Schiødt. It was expanded in 1918 by J. C. M, agerskov and again in 1932 with a three storey extension designed by John Dich
Nordre Frihavnsgade
Nordre Frihavnsgade is a street in the Østerbro district of Copenhagen, linking the junction Trianglen in the southwest with Østbanegade In the northeast. The street passes the two small squares Victor Borges Plads and Melchiors Plads, an underpass under the raised railway tracks at the end of the street provides access to Nordhavns Århusgade neighbourhood. Nordre Frihavnsgade is one of Copenhagens most popular shopping- and café streets with many food, many urban Hipster-shops can be found on the street as well, including many restaurants. Famous buildings on the street include Ingrid Jespersens Gymnasieskole, a school located near the Trianglen-end of the street. The name was changed to Nordre Frihavnsvej in 1892 in connection with the establishment of the Freeport of Copenhagen, the land along the street was built over with apartment buildings during the following decade and the name of the street was changed to Nordre Frihavnsgade in 1906. The building was listed in 1995, the property Petersborg on the corner of Trianglen is from 1888 and was designed by Ferdinand Vilhelm Jensen.
Ingrid Jespersens School at No.11 was established as a school in 1894 and was for many years one of the most progressive of its kind in the country. It was originally based in rented rooms in Gustav Adolph Hagemanns former house, in 1929, it took over the former police station at No.9. 31, between Victor Borges Plads and Randersgade, is one of the more stately properties along the street and it is from 1900 and was designed by Thorvald Sørensen. The first Letz Sushi restaurant opened at No.15 in 2003
Copenhagen
Copenhagen, Danish, København, Hafnia) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark. Copenhagen has an population of 1,280,371. The Copenhagen metropolitan area has just over 2 million inhabitants, the city is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand, another small portion of the city is located on Amager, and is separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the strait of Øresund. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road, originally a Viking fishing village founded in the 10th century, Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century. Beginning in the 17th century it consolidated its position as a centre of power with its institutions, defences. After suffering from the effects of plague and fire in the 18th century and this included construction of the prestigious district of Frederiksstaden and founding of such cultural institutions as the Royal Theatre and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. Later, following the Second World War, the Finger Plan fostered the development of housing, since the turn of the 21st century, Copenhagen has seen strong urban and cultural development, facilitated by investment in its institutions and infrastructure.
The city is the cultural and governmental centre of Denmark, Copenhagens economy has seen rapid developments in the service sector, especially through initiatives in information technology and clean technology. Since the completion of the Øresund Bridge, Copenhagen has become integrated with the Swedish province of Scania and its largest city, Malmö. With a number of connecting the various districts, the cityscape is characterized by parks, promenades. Copenhagen is home to the University of Copenhagen, the Technical University of Denmark, the University of Copenhagen, founded in 1479, is the oldest university in Denmark. Copenhagen is home to the FC København and Brøndby football clubs, the annual Copenhagen Marathon was established in 1980. Copenhagen is one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world, the Copenhagen Metro serves central Copenhagen while the Copenhagen S-train network connects central Copenhagen to its outlying boroughs. Serving roughly 2 million passengers a month, Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup, is the largest airport in the Nordic countries, the name of the city reflects its origin as a harbour and a place of commerce.
The original designation, from which the contemporary Danish name derives, was Køpmannæhafn, meaning merchants harbour, the literal English translation would be Chapmans haven. The English name for the city was adapted from its Low German name, the abbreviations Kbh. or Kbhvn are often used in Danish for København, and kbh. for københavnsk. The chemical element hafnium is named for Copenhagen, where it was discovered, the bacterium Hafnia is named after Copenhagen, Vagn Møller of the State Serum Institute in Copenhagen named it in 1954. Excavations in Pilestræde have led to the discovery of a well from the late 12th century, the remains of an ancient church, with graves dating to the 11th century, have been unearthed near where Strøget meets Rådhuspladsen
Hellerup
Hellerup is a district of Gentofte Municipality in the suburbs of Copenhagen, Denmark. The most urban part of the district is centred on Strandvejen and is bordered by Østerbro to the south and it comprises Tuborg Havn, the redeveloped brewery site of Tuborg Breweries, with the Waterfront Shopping Center, a marina and the headquarters of several large companies. Other parts of the consists of single family detached homes. Local landmarks include the science centre Experimentarium and the art Øregaard Museum, with an area of approximately 515 hectares, Hellerup covers 20% of the municipality. As of a January 2012, Hellerup had a population of 18,781, the Hellerup postal district includes a somewhast larger area since part of Østerbro has the postal code 2900 Hellerup. In spite of its name, with the suffix -rup, Hellerup does not originate in an old village, in the 18th century the area was still open countryside with scattered country houses. One of them, was renamed Hellerupgård when it was acquired by Johan David Heller in 1748 and it would lend its name to the modern district of Hellerup.
Hellerupgård was purchased by the merchant and shipowner Erich Erichsen and he commissioned the French architect Joseph-Jacques Ramée to built a new house in 1802. Other country houses included Øregård, Blidah and Taffelbay, one of the oldest properties in the area was Vartov, a former watermill which had been acquired by Frederick II in 1566 and used as a hunting lodge. It was converted into a hospital for the poor in 1607, the navel officer Charles Frédéric le Sage de Fontenay acquired it in the 18th century and converted it into a country house. A harbor was built on the coast between 1869 and 1873, the new Tuborg Brewery was inaugurated that same year. In 1887, Carl Ludvig Ibsen began to land in the area with the intension to sell it off in lots to developers. He purchased Hellerupgård, Lille Mariendal and Slukefter in Hellerup as well as Smakkegård, Rygård, Lundegård and Stengård in Gentofte, the land in Hellerup alone added up to 37 hectares. He reclaimed an area along the coast just north of Tuborg Breweries and he did not build on the land himself but prepared it with sewers and roads and sold it off in lots to developers and private citizens.
In the mid-1890s, redevelopment of the areas on the west side of Strandvejen began, resulting in such as Ryvangs Allé. A new gasworks, Strandvejsgasværket, opened adjacent to Tuborg Breweries in 1893. Many of the new homes had WCs, in 1916, Ibsen placed his remaining land in a company, A/S De Ibsenske Grunde i Gjentofte Sogn, which existed until 1945. As of 1996, it has been an area with numerous apartments overlooking the harbour. The site is home to the headquarters of several Danish and international companies
Ryesgade
Ryesgade is a street straddling the border of the Nørrebro and Østerbro districts of Copenhagen, Denmark. The busy artery Fredensgade and Fredens Park, a green space which runs along its northside. Ryesgade was formerly known for its many stores of which a few still exist today. The area around Ryesgade was developed in the 1870s and 1880s, the streets were named for military figures from Denmarks most recent wars, First Schleswig War and Second Schleswig War. Other street names in the area include Hedemannsgade, Irmingersgade, Lundingsgade, Læssøesgade, Schleppegrellsgade and Trepkasgade, the area was a dense working-class neighbourhood, featuring a combination of factories and very small apartments. On 1 June 1983 squatters moved into No.58, 63–65 was squatted on 4 December 1985 and cleared by the police on 11 February 1986. The situation culminated in the Ryesgade Riots which occurred in mid-September, the squatters ultimately left No.58 on 22 September. A number of the old buildings are still found in the Nørrebro section of the street.
No.3 is a former metal factory, Nordisk Metalvarefabrik. The main wing on Ryesgade was originally an institution, built in 1752 to a design by Niels Sigfred Nebelong. The wing on Sankt Hans Gade and a number of smaller stable, in 1895 the complex was taken over by the metal goods factory which remained on the site until the 1940s. The building is now owned by C. W. Obel, No.48 is a former starch factory. 51–55 is a machine factory, Nielsen & Winther, built in 1916 to a design by Frederik Wagner. Sortedam School is located at No.120, No.101 is the former Ryesgade School, which was completed in 1891 to a design by Hans Jørgen Holm. On the opposite side of the street, at No,104, is the rear side of Soldenfeldts Stiftelse, a home for elderly women. The front of the building faces Sortedams Doseringen, there are two churches in the street. Church of Peace was built in 1899, although the tower was not added until 1906, 106B was built between 102 and 104 to a design by Victor Nyebølle. In 2013, Church of Peace was one of 14 churches in Copenhagen which was nominated for closure by the Bishop of Copenhagen
Media related to Østerbro at Wikimedia Commons
Østerbro travel guide from Wikivoyage
