1.
Kaiju
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Kaijū is a Japanese film genre that features monsters, usually attacking major cities and engaging the military and other monsters in battle. It is a subgenre of tokusatsu entertainment and this word originated from Shan Hai Jing. Related terms include kaijū eiga, a film featuring giant monsters or a monster, kaijin. Godzilla is an example of a daikaiju, others include Mothra, King Ghidorah, Mechagodzilla, Rodan, Gamera, Gyaos, Daimajin, the term ultra-kaiju is longhand for kaiju in the Ultra Series. Kadokawa Pictures, Tsuburaya Productions, and Shochiku and Nikkatsu studios, Kaiju are typically modeled after conventional animals, insects or mythological creatures, however, there are more exotic examples. Monsters famous in English stories, such as vampires, werewolves, mummies and zombies, frankensteins monster was a starring kaiju in the Toho films Frankenstein Conquers the World, and The War of the Gargantuas. Kaiju are sometimes depicted as cannon fodder serving a greater evil, some kaiju are elite warriors which serve as the sidekick to the greater villain and are destroyed by the heroic forces. Others have an alignment, only seeking to destroy buildings. These kaiju adopted many classic monster traits, appearing as the misunderstood creature, some kaiju hung out with the heroes and provided comedy relief, in contrast to the darker approach to these characters from more mature franchises. The Invader Godzilla Kraa. the Sea Monster Cloverfield Pacific Rim Godzilla Kong, Skull Island Colossal Pacific Rim, Uprising Godzilla, King of the Monsters Godzilla vs. In Return of the Jedi, the rancor was originally to be played by an actor in a similar to the way how kaiju films like Godzilla were made. However, the rancor was eventually portrayed by a puppet filmed in high speed, when Lard Lad awakes, he makes a Godzilla roar. Guillermo del Toro directed the Treehouse of Horror XXIV couch gag which made references to Godzilla and other Kaiju-based characters. In the 2009 film Crank, High Voltage, there is a sequence parodying Kaiju films using the practical effects techniques used for Tokusatsu films such as miniatures. In the 2013 film Pacific Rim, Kaiju is the moniker bestowed upon giant inter-dimensional monsters that invade Earth, kaiju-Bird Monster was the alt-mode of Decepticon Leader Emperor Deathsaurus in the Transformers, Victory anime. A series of cards in the Yu-Gi-Oh, list of kaiju creatures Science fiction
2.
Godzilla
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Godzilla is a fictional giant monster originating from a series of tokusatsu films of the same name from Japan. It first appeared in Ishirō Hondas 1954 film Godzilla, the character is commonly alluded by the epithet King of the Monsters, a phrase first used in Godzilla, King of the Monsters. The Americanized version of Hondas original 1954 film, with the nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Lucky Dragon 5 incident still fresh in the Japanese consciousness, Godzilla was conceived as a metaphor for nuclear weapons. In the various stories it has appeared in, Godzilla has been featured alongside many supporting characters, Godzilla is also shown to have allies, such as Mothra, Rodan and Anguirus, and offspring, such as Minilla and Godzilla Junior. One popular story is that Gojira was actually the nickname of a corpulent stagehand at Toho Studio, kimi Honda, the widow of the director, dismissed this in a 1998 BBC documentary devoted to Godzilla, The backstage boys at Toho loved to joke around with tall stories. Godzillas name was written in ateji as Gojira, where the kanji are used for phonetic value, the Japanese pronunciation of the name is, the Anglicized form is /ɡɒdˈzɪlə/, with the first syllable pronounced like the word god, and the rest rhyming with gorilla. In the Hepburn romanization system, Godzillas name is rendered as Gojira, within the context of the Japanese films, Godzillas exact origins vary, but it is generally depicted as an enormous, violent, prehistoric sea monster awakened and empowered by nuclear radiation. Although the specific details of Godzillas appearance have varied slightly over the years, to emphasise the monsters relationship with the atomic bomb, its skin texture was inspired by the keloid scars seen on survivors in Hiroshima. The basic design has a reptilian visage, a robust build, an upright posture, in the original film, the fins were added for purely aesthetic purposes, in order to further differentiate Godzilla from any other living or extinct creature. Godzillas signature weapon is its atomic breath, a nuclear blast that it generates inside of its body, toho’s special effects department has used various techniques to render the breath, from physical gas-powered flames to hand-drawn or computer-generated fire. Godzilla is shown to possess immense strength and muscularity. Haruo Nakajima, the actor who played Godzilla in the films, was a black belt in Judo. Godzilla can breathe underwater, and is described in the film by the character Dr. Yamane as a transitional form between a marine and a terrestrial reptile. Godzillas allegiance and motivations have changed from film to film to suit the needs of the story, although Godzilla does not like humans, it will fight alongside humanity against common threats. However, it makes no effort to protect human life or property. It is not motivated to attack by predatory instinct, it doesnt eat people, and instead sustains itself on radiation and an omnivorous diet. When inquired if Godzilla was good or bad, producer Shogo Tomiyama likened it to a Shinto God of Destruction which lacks moral agency and cannot be held to human standards of good and he totally destroys everything and then there is a rebirth. Something new and fresh can begin, the creature in the 1998 Godzilla film was depicted laying eggs through parthenogenesis
3.
Software
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Computer software, or simply software, is that part of a computer system that consists of data or computer instructions, in contrast to the physical hardware from which the system is built. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all information processed by computer systems, programs, computer software includes computer programs, libraries and related non-executable data, such as online documentation or digital media. Computer hardware and software require each other and neither can be used on its own. At the lowest level, executable code consists of machine language instructions specific to an individual processor—typically a central processing unit, a machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions that change the state of the computer from its preceding state. For example, an instruction may change the value stored in a storage location in the computer—an effect that is not directly observable to the user. An instruction may also cause something to appear on a display of the computer system—a state change which should be visible to the user. The processor carries out the instructions in the order they are provided, unless it is instructed to jump to a different instruction, the majority of software is written in high-level programming languages that are easier and more efficient for programmers, meaning closer to a natural language. High-level languages are translated into machine language using a compiler or an interpreter or a combination of the two, an outline for what would have been the first piece of software was written by Ada Lovelace in the 19th century, for the planned Analytical Engine. However, neither the Analytical Engine nor any software for it were ever created, the first theory about software—prior to creation of computers as we know them today—was proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem. This eventually led to the creation of the academic fields of computer science and software engineering. Computer science is more theoretical, whereas software engineering focuses on practical concerns. However, prior to 1946, software as we now understand it—programs stored in the memory of stored-program digital computers—did not yet exist, the first electronic computing devices were instead rewired in order to reprogram them. On virtually all platforms, software can be grouped into a few broad categories. There are many different types of software, because the range of tasks that can be performed with a modern computer is so large—see list of software. System software includes, Operating systems, which are collections of software that manage resources and provides common services for other software that runs on top of them. Supervisory programs, boot loaders, shells and window systems are parts of operating systems. In practice, an operating system bundled with additional software so that a user can potentially do some work with a computer that only has an operating system. Device drivers, which operate or control a particular type of device that is attached to a computer, utilities, which are computer programs designed to assist users in the maintenance and care of their computers
4.
Website
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A website is a collection of related web pages, including multimedia content, typically identified with a common domain name, and published on at least one web server. A website may be accessible via a public Internet Protocol network, such as the Internet, or a local area network. Websites have many functions and can be used in various fashions, a website can be a website, a commercial website for a company. Websites are typically dedicated to a topic or purpose, ranging from entertainment and social networking to providing news. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web, while private websites, Web pages, which are the building blocks of websites, are documents, typically composed in plain text interspersed with formatting instructions of Hypertext Markup Language. They may incorporate elements from other websites with suitable markup anchors, Web pages are accessed and transported with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol, which may optionally employ encryption to provide security and privacy for the user. The users application, often a web browser, renders the page content according to its HTML markup instructions onto a display terminal. Hyperlinking between web pages conveys to the reader the site structure and guides the navigation of the site, Some websites require user registration or subscription to access content. As of 2016 end users can access websites on a range of devices, including desktop and laptop computers, tablet computers, smartphones, the World Wide Web was created in 1990 by the British CERN physicist Tim Berners-Lee. On 30 April 1993, CERN announced that the World Wide Web would be free to use for anyone, before the introduction of HTML and HTTP, other protocols such as File Transfer Protocol and the gopher protocol were used to retrieve individual files from a server. These protocols offer a directory structure which the user navigates and chooses files to download. Documents were most often presented as text files without formatting. Websites have many functions and can be used in various fashions, a website can be a website, a commercial website. Websites can be the work of an individual, a business or other organization, any website can contain a hyperlink to any other website, so the distinction between individual sites, as perceived by the user, can be blurred. Websites are written in, or converted to, HTML and are accessed using a software interface classified as a user agent. Web pages can be viewed or otherwise accessed from a range of computer-based and Internet-enabled devices of various sizes, including computers, laptops, PDAs. A website is hosted on a system known as a web server. These terms can refer to the software that runs on these systems which retrieves
5.
Mozilla
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Mozilla is a free-software community created in 1998 by members of Netscape. The Mozilla community uses, develops, spreads and supports Mozilla products, thereby promoting exclusively free software and open standards, the community is supported institutionally by the Mozilla Foundation and its tax-paying subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation. On January 23,1998, Netscape made two announcements, first, that Netscape Communicator would be free, second, that the code would also be free. One day later, Jamie Zawinski from Netscape registered mozilla. org, Jamie Zawinski says he came up with the name Mozilla at a Netscape staff meeting. A small group of Netscape employees were tasked with coordination of the new community, originally, Mozilla aimed to be a technology provider for companies, such as Netscape, who would commercialize their open source code. When AOL greatly reduced its involvement with Mozilla in July 2003, in a report released in November 2012, Mozilla reported that their total revenue for 2011 was $163 million, which was up 33% from $123 million in 2010. Mozilla noted that roughly 85% of their revenue comes from their contract with Google. At the end of 2013, Mozilla announced a deal with Cisco Systems whereby Firefox would download, as part of the deal, Cisco would pay any patent licensing fees associated with the binaries that it distributes. Mozillas CTO, Brendan Eich, acknowledged that this is not a complete solution, in December 2013, Mozilla announced funding for the development of non-free games through its Game Creator Challenge. In January 2017, the company rebranded away from its logo in favor of logo that includes a, // character sequence from a URL, with the revamped logo, moz. On March 24,2014, Mozilla promoted Brendan Eich to the role of CEO, Eichs donation first became public knowledge in 2012, while he was Mozilla’s chief technical officer, leading to angry responses on Twitter—including the use of the hashtag #wontworkwithbigots. Protests also emerged in 2014 following the announcement of Eichs appointment as CEO of Mozilla, U. S. Mozilla believes both in equality and freedom of speech. Equality is necessary for meaningful speech, and you need free speech to fight for equality. Eichs resignation promoted a larger backlash from conservatives who felt he had forced out of the company internally. Reader comments on articles that were published close to the events were divided between support for OkCupids actions and opposition to them, supporters claimed the boycott was justified and saw OkCupids actions as a firm statement of opposition to intolerance towards the gay community. Mozillas manifesto mentions only its beliefs in regards to the Internet and Internet privacy, according to the Mozilla Foundation, The Mozilla Foundation pledges to support the Mozilla Manifesto in its activities. Firefox is a web browser, and is Mozillas flagship software product and it is available in both desktop and mobile versions. Firefox uses the Gecko layout engine to render web pages, which implements current, as of late 2015, Firefox has approximately 10-11% of worldwide usage share of web browsers, making it the 4th most-used web browser
6.
Internet Relay Chat
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Internet Relay Chat is an application layer protocol that facilitates communication in the form of text. The chat process works on a client/server networking model, IRC clients are computer programs that a user can install on their system. These clients communicate with chat servers to transfer messages to other clients, client software is available for every major operating system that supports Internet access. IRC usage has been declining steadily since 2003, losing 60% of its users, Jarkko intended to extend the BBS software he administered, to allow news in the Usenet style, real time discussions and similar BBS features. The first part he implemented was the part, which he did with borrowed parts written by his friends Jyrki Kuoppala. The first IRC network was running on a server named tolsun. oulu. fi. Oikarinen found inspiration in a system known as Bitnet Relay. This was the first irc network, Jarkko got some friends at the Helsinki University and Tampere University to start running IRC servers when his number of users increased and other universities soon followed. At this time Jarkko realized that the rest of the BBS features probably wouldnt fit in his program, Jarkko got in touch with people at the University of Denver and Oregon State University. They had their own IRC network running and wanted to connect to the Finnish network and they had gotten the program from one of Jarkkos friends, Vijay Subramaniam—the first non-Finnish person to use IRC. IRC then grew larger and got used on the entire Finnish national network—Funet—and then connected to Nordunet, in November 1988, IRC had spread across the Internet and in the middle of 1989, there were some 40 servers worldwide. In August 1990 the first major disagreement took place in the IRC world, the A-net included a server named eris. berkeley. edu. It was all open, required no passwords and had no limit on the number of connects, as Greg wumpus Lindahl explains, it had a wildcard server line, so people were hooking up servers and nick-colliding everyone. The Eris Free Network, EFnet, made the machine the first to be Q-lined from IRC. In wumpus words again, Eris refused to remove that line and it wasnt much of a fight, I got all the hubs to join, and almost everyone else got carried along. A-net was formed with the servers, EFnet was formed with the non-eris servers. History showed most servers and users went with EFnet, once ANet disbanded, the name EFnet became meaningless, and once again it was the one and only IRC network. It is around that time that IRC was used to report on the 1991 Soviet coup détat attempt throughout a media blackout and it was previously used in a similar fashion during the Gulf War
