1.
Album
–
Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
SNFU
–
SNFU is a Canadian hardcore punk band. They formed in 1981 in Edmonton, and relocated to Vancouver in 1992 and they have released ten full-length albums and are cited as a formative influence on the skate punk subgenre. In their early years, SNFU built an audience across North America through energetic live performances and their 1985 debut album. And No One Else Wanted to Play has remained influential in underground circuits. They grew in popularity following two further albums, but disbanded in 1989 due to internal tensions. SNFU reformed two years later, however, in a second incarnation which found greater success and they signed with the prominent indie label Epitaph Records, achieved six-digit record sales and toured in support of larger groups. They became independent in 1997 after the expiration of their contract with Epitaph and they again disbanded in 2005, only to reform two years later. The group is fronted by the singer, lyricist, and artist Ken Chinn. Founding members and twin brothers Brent and Marc Belke helped create the melodic hardcore punk sound with dual guitar work before their departures in 1998 and 2005. Nearly 30 musicians have played in the group, with only Chinn remaining constant, since 2014, the band has consisted of Chinn, bassist Dave Bacon, and guitarists Randy Steffes and Kurt Robertson. Batikão Est has served as the touring drummer since 2016. Ken Chinn met twin brothers Brent and Marc Belke in Edmonton in the late 1970s, the three were teenagers who shared interests in the skateboarding subculture and burgeoning punk rock movement. In 1981, they formed the punk band Live Sex Shows with drummer Ed Dobek, the band broke up later that year after a few gigs. Chinn and the Belkes began a new group, Societys No Fucking Use, the initial lineup was completed by bassist Warren Bidlock and drummer Evan C. Jones. After a few months of gigging, Bidlock departed due to stage fright, the group recorded their debut, two-song demo cassette Life of a Bag Lady, with Scott Juskiw playing bass as a studio guest. Bassist Jimmy Schmitz replaced Bidlock late in 1982, and the group adopted the SNFU moniker, two studio tracks on the It Came From Inner Space compilation LP on Rubber Records followed early in 1983. SNFUs debut album. And No One Else Wanted to Play, was recorded in Los Angeles, pushead concluded that the album was a scorcher. Jones left the band due to exhaustion in mid 1985, Dave Bacon briefly replaced him on drums, but moved to bass after the subsequent departure of Schmitz. Jon Card became the drummer, and the group toured North America
3.
Los Angeles
–
Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
4.
California
–
California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
5.
Punk rock
–
Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
6.
Record producer
–
A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
7.
If You Swear, You'll Catch No Fish
–
If You Swear, Youll Catch No Fish is the second full-length album by the Canadian hardcore punk band SNFU. It was recorded in April 1986 at Power Zone Studio in Edmonton, Alberta, although the liner notes claim the studio is located in Istanbul, Turkey. The lineup of SNFU appearing on If You Swear, Youll Catch No Fish formed in June 1985 for touring in support the debut album. And No One Else Wanted to Play. It was during this period that material from If You Swear, Youll Catch No Fish was first performed live, including songs like The Ceiling. The group assembled the rest of the material over the few months before recording their second album in April 1986. The band opted to record with Dave Mockford at his Power Zone Studio in their city of Edmonton. They recorded basic tracks in a day, and focused on overdubs. As with their album, many songs featured music primarily written by guitarist Marc Belke and lyrics by vocalist Ken Chinn. But the new members contributed material as well, such as bassist Dave Bacons composition of the music in The Devils Voice and Wheres My Legs. Card left the band during recording sessions to attend to familial commitments, Chinn took the albums title from a fortune cookie. When he realized that each of the first two records inadvertently contained seven-word titles, he established the tradition of maintaining seven-word titles for all albums, the album, their second with BYO Records, was initially slated to be released in September 1986. Card was replaced by Winnipeg drummer Ted Simm for the supporting tours, when the albums release date was delayed, they self-issued the Shes Not on the Menu EP as a stopgap release. The album was released late in 1986. Its cover features a sculpture by Edmonton artist Blake Senini and graphics by longtime SNFU associate Ken Hansen, the band filmed a music video for the track Black Cloud at the BYO warehouse early in 1987. This was SNFUs first music video, and would be their only video from the 1980s, the album has received generally positive reviews since its initial release. In 1986, Maximumrocknroll described the material on the album as stronger than the tunes on debut L. P. Jeffries awarded the four out of five stars. Vocals - Mr. Chi Pig Guitar - Muc Guitar - Brent Bunthoven Bass - Dave Bacon Drums - J. Seth Card
8.
Hollywood
–
Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
9.
Hardcore punk
–
Hardcore punk is a punk rock music genre and subculture that originated in the late 1970s. It is generally faster, harder, and more aggressive than other forms of punk rock, New York punk had a harder-edged sound than its San Francisco counterpart, featuring anti-art expressions of masculine anger, energy and subversive humor. Hardcore punk generally disavows commercialism, the music industry and anything similar to the characteristics of mainstream rock. Hardcore sprouted underground scenes across the United States in the early 1980s, particularly in Washington, New York, New Jersey, and Boston—as well as in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. Hardcore has spawned the straight movement and its associated submovements, hardline. Hardcore was heavily involved with the rise of the independent record labels in the 1980s and it has also influenced various music genres that have experienced widespread commercial success, including alternative rock, thrash metal, emo and metalcore. While traditional hardcore has never experienced mainstream success, some of its early pioneers have garnered appreciation over time. In 2011, Rolling Stone writer David Fricke placed Greg Ginn of Black Flag 99th place in his 100 Greatest Guitarists list, although the music genre started in English-speaking western countries, notable hardcore scenes have existed in Italy, Brazil, Japan, Europe and the Middle East. The origin of the hardcore punk is uncertain. The Vancouver-based band D. O. A. may have helped to popularize the term with the title of their 1981 album, Hardcore 81. C. Hardcore historian Steven Blush said that the term hardcore is also a reference to the sense of being fed up with the existing punk, Blush also states that the term refers to an extreme, the absolute most Punk. One definition of the genre is a form of exceptionally harsh punk rock, like the Oi. subgenre of the UK, hardcore punk can be considered an internal music reaction. According to one writer, distressed by the artificiality of much post-punk, lacking the art-school grace of post-punk, hardcore punk favor low key visual aesthetic over extravagance and breaking with original punk rock song patterns. One of the important philosophies in the scene is authenticity. The pejorative term poseur is applied to those who associate with punk and adopt its stylistic attributes but are deemed not to share or understand the underlying values and philosophy. Joe Keithley, the vocalist of D. O. A. said in an interview, in the vein of earlier punk rock, most hardcore punk bands have followed the traditional singer/guitar/bass/drum format. The songwriting has more emphasis on rather than melody. Critic Steven Blush writes The Sex Pistols were still rocknroll. like the craziest version of Chuck Berry, Hardcore was a radical departure from that
10.
AllMusic
–
AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
11.
Youth Brigade (band)
–
Youth Brigade is a punk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1980 by brothers Mark, Adam, and Shawn Stern. Many later punk bands cite Youth Brigade as an influence, including The Nation of Ulysses, Youth Brigade has released five studio albums, of which the last was released in 1996. Almost each album was recorded with the lineup of the Stern brothers, bassist Bob Gnarly replaced Adam in 1985 during the recording of The Dividing Line. Adam returned in 1991 and contributed to the bands 1992 EP Come Again, the Stern family, consisting of older brothers Shawn and Mark and younger brother Adam, moved from Toronto, Canada to Los Angeles in 1970 because their father worked in the film industry. As teenagers, Shawn and Mark were surfers who would skip school to smoke marijuana, at 16 and 17, they played in their first band, called Mess, which would play Led Zeppelin and Jimi Hendrix covers at parties. A year later in 1978, they discovered punk rock, and formed a quirky prog/New Wave band called The Extremes, the large punk house became a meeting place which drew participants from as far away as Huntington Beach and Oxnard. Ultimately, Youth Brigade recalled in a 1982 interview. The manor kind of fell apart because we got too many assholes that didnt give a shit, and there wasnt any money to support the ideas. Thats the most important thing — you need capital, so we split, the landlady wanted us out, too. Then the place was burned down. Shawn and Mark Stern also formed their own label, Better Youth Organization, Youth Brigades first year of existence was as a 6 piece but played their first gig as a 3 piece on New Years Eve 1981 at Godzillas nightclub. They were part of the big BYO extravaganza Youth Movement 82 at the Hollywood Palladium, the 1984 film, Another State of Mind, chronicles the event. After about 30 shows and several breakdowns they returned home to record their debut LP Sound & Fury with the infamous producer, Thom Wilson. A premature version of the LP was rushed together before the tour but pressing was stopped at 800 copies, in 1983, the band returned home and decided to record a second album entitled Sound & Fury, keeping only four tracks from the original version. This was followed by a 50 date tour of North America during the summer, after having secured a licensing deal for Sound & Fury in England, plans were made to tour Europe in the fall of 1984. They released a 3 song EP What Price, after this tour, younger brother & bassist Adam decided to return to art school and finish his degree. Brothers Shawn and Mark continued on as The Brigade for about 2 years after the departure of Adam, Mark, Adam and younger brother Jamie Stern formed half of the original line up of the swing band Royal Crown Revue, which started in 1989. All three Stern brothers left the band in 1991, shortly before the Youth Brigade reunion, Royal Crown Revue continued with new members replacing the departing Stern brothers. In 1991, meeting in a bar in Hamburg, Mark and Adam expressed the desire to reform Youth Brigade for a tour and Shawn agreed
12.
Winnipeg
–
Winnipeg is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is located near the centre of North America and is 110 kilometres from the U. S. border. It is also the place of the confluence of the Red, the city is named after the nearby Lake Winnipeg, the name comes from the Western Cree words for muddy water. The region was a centre for aboriginal peoples long before the arrival of Europeans. French traders built the first fort on the site in 1738, a settlement was later founded by the Selkirk settlers of the Red River Colony in 1812, the nucleus of which was incorporated as the City of Winnipeg in 1873. As of 2011, Winnipeg is the seventh most populated municipality in Canada, being located very far inland, the local climate is extremely seasonal even by Canadian standards with average January lows of around −21 °C and average July highs of 26 °C. Known as the Gateway to the West, Winnipeg is a railway, Winnipeg was the first Canadian host of the Pan American Games. It is home to professional sports franchises, including the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, the Winnipeg Jets, Manitoba Moose. Winnipeg lies at the confluence of the Assiniboine and the Red River of the North and this point was at the crossroads of canoe routes travelled by First Nations before European contact. Winnipeg is named after nearby Lake Winnipeg, the name is a transcription of the Western Cree words for muddy or brackish water. Estimates of the date of first settlement in this area are varied, in 1805, Canadian colonists observed First Nations peoples engaged in farming activity along the Red River. The practice quickly expanded, driven by the demand by traders for provisions, the rivers provided an extensive transportation network linking northern First Peoples with those to the south along the Missouri and Mississippi rivers. The Ojibwe made some of the first maps on birch bark, sieur de La Vérendrye built the first fur trading post on the site in 1738, called Fort Rouge. French trading continued at this site for decades before the arrival of the British Hudsons Bay Company after France ceded the territory following its defeat in the Seven Years War. Many French and later British men who were trappers married First Nations women, their mixed-race children hunted, traded and they gradually developed as an ethnicity known as the Métis because of sharing a traditional culture. Lord Selkirk was involved with the first permanent settlement, the purchase of land from the Hudsons Bay Company, the North West Company built Fort Gibraltar in 1809, and the Hudsons Bay Company built Fort Douglas in 1812, both in the area of present-day Winnipeg. The two companies competed fiercely over trade, the Métis and Lord Selkirks settlers fought at the Battle of Seven Oaks in 1816. In 1821, the Hudsons Bay and North West Companies merged, Fort Gibraltar was renamed Fort Garry in 1822 and became the leading post in the region for the Hudsons Bay Company
13.
Edmonton
–
Edmonton /ˈɛdməntən/ is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Capital Region, the city anchors the north end of what Statistics Canada defines as the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The city had a population of 932,546 in 2016, making it Albertas second-largest city, also in 2016, Edmonton had a metropolitan population of 1,321,426, making it the sixth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada. Edmonton is North Americas northernmost city with a population over one million. A resident of Edmonton is known as an Edmontonian, Edmontons historic growth has been facilitated through the absorption of five adjacent urban municipalities and a series of annexations ending in 1982. Known as the Gateway to the North, the city is a point for large-scale oil sands projects occurring in northern Alberta. Edmonton is a cultural, governmental and educational centre and it hosts a year-round slate of festivals, reflected in the nickname Canadas Festival City. It is home to North Americas largest mall, West Edmonton Mall, in 1754, Anthony Henday, an explorer for the Hudsons Bay Company, may have been the first European to enter the Edmonton area. By 1795, Fort Edmonton was established on the north bank as a major trading post for the Hudsons Bay Company. The new forts name was suggested by John Peter Pruden after Edmonton, London, the home town of both the HBC deputy governor Sir James Winter Lake, and Pruden. In 1876, Treaty 6, which includes what is now Edmonton, was signed between the Aboriginal peoples in Canada and Queen Victoria as Queen of Canada, as part of the Numbered Treaties of Canada. The agreement includes the Plains and Woods Cree, Assiniboine, and other governments of First Nations at Fort Carlton, Fort Pitt. The area covered by the treaty represents most of the area of the current provinces of Saskatchewan. The arrival of the CPR and the C&E Railway helped bring settlers and entrepreneurs from eastern Canada, Europe, U. S. the Edmonton areas fertile soil and cheap land attracted settlers, further establishing Edmonton as a major regional commercial and agricultural centre. Some people participating in the Klondike Gold Rush passed through South Edmonton/Strathcona in 1897, in November 1905, the Canadian Northern Railway arrived in Edmonton, accelerating growth. During the early 1900s, Edmontons rapid growth led to speculation in real estate, in 1912, Edmonton amalgamated with the City of Strathcona, south of the North Saskatchewan River, as a result, the city extended south of the North Saskatchewan River for the first time. Just prior to World War I, the boom ended, many impoverished families moved to subsistence farms outside the city, while others fled to greener pastures in other provinces. Recruitment to the Canadian army during the war contributed to the drop in population
14.
Thrash metal
–
Thrash metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music characterized by its fast tempo and overall aggression. The songs usually use fast percussive beats and low-register guitar riffs, the lyrics often deal with social issues and reproach for The Establishment, using direct and denunciatory language, an approach borrowed from hardcore punk. The genre evolved in the early 1980s from combining the fast drum beats and attitude of hardcore with the double bass drumming, heavy and complex guitar style of the new wave of British heavy metal. It emerged partially as a reaction to the conventional and widely acceptable glam metal. Thrash metal was an inspiration for subsequent extreme genres such as death metal, Four American bands—Anthrax, Megadeth, Metallica, and Slayer—are credited with pioneering and popularizing the genre. The Clash of the Titans tour, which featured Megadeth, Slayer, thrash metal has seen a resurgence in recent times, with many of the older bands returning to their roots with their new releases. A new generation of metal bands emerged in the early 2000s. Thrash metal generally features fast tempos, low-register, complex riffs, high-register guitar solos. The genre evolved in the early 1980s from combining the drum beats of hardcore punk with the style of the new wave of British heavy metal. It emerged partially as a reaction to the conventional and widely acceptable glam metal. The rhythm guitar parts are played with distortion and often palm muted to create a tighter. Vocally, thrash metal can employ anything from singing to shouted vocals. The guitar riffs often use chromatic scales and emphasize the tritone and diminished intervals, for example, the intro riff of Metallicas Master of Puppets is a chromatic descent, followed by a chromatic ascent based on the tritone. Speed, pacing and time-changes also define thrash metal, thrash tends to have an accelerating feel which may be due in large part to its aggressive drumming style. For example, drummers often use two drums, or a double-bass pedal, in order to create a relentless, driving beat. Cymbal stops/chokes are often used to transition from one riff to another or to precede an acceleration in tempo, to keep up with the other instruments, many bassists use a plectrum. However, some prominent thrash metal bassists have used their fingers, such as Frank Bello, Greg Christian, Steve DiGiorgio, Robert Trujillo, several bassists use a distorted bass tone, an approach popularized by Burton and Motörheads Lemmy. Lyrical themes in thrash metal include warfare, corruption, injustice, murder, suicide, isolation, alienation, addiction, in addition, politics, particularly pessimism and dissatisfaction towards politics, are common themes among thrash metal bands
15.
Slayer
–
Slayer is an American thrash metal band from Huntington Park, California, formed in 1981 by guitarist Kerry King and drummer Dave Lombardo. Slayer rose to fame with its 1986 release Reign in Blood, and is credited as one of the big four thrash metal bands, along with Metallica, Megadeth, and Anthrax. Since its debut album in 1983, the band has released studio albums. Four of the studio albums have received gold certification in the United States. The band has received five Grammy nominations, winning one in 2007 for the song Eyes of the Insane, Slayer has also played at several music festivals worldwide, including Unholy Alliance, Download and Ozzfest. Slayers musical style involves fast tremolo picking, double bass drumming, riffs in irregular scales, in the original line-up, King, Hanneman, and lead vocalist/bassist Tom Araya contributed to the bands lyrics, and all of the bands music was written by King, Hanneman and Lombardo. However, its music has been influential, often being cited by many bands as an influence musically, visually. Between 1991 and 2013, the band sold 4.9 million albums in the United States, Slayer was founded in 1981, when drummer Dave Lombardo met guitarist Kerry King. Upon meeting, the two discovered they had similar taste in music and in their aspirations. King soon introduced guitarist Jeff Hanneman and recruited Chilean-born bassist and vocalist Tom Araya, the band played cover versions of Iron Maiden and Judas Priest songs at clubs and parties in Southern California. Early shows relied on a Satanic image, which featured pentagrams, make-up, spikes, and inverted crosses. Rumors that the band was known as Dragonslayer, after the 1981 movie of the same name, were denied by King, as he stated, We never were. The band was invited to open for Bitch at the Woodstock Club in Anaheim, California, performing eight songs, six of which were covers. While playing a gig, the band was spotted by Brian Slagel, impressed with Slayer, he met with the band backstage and asked them to record an original song, Aggressive Perfector, for his upcoming Metal Massacre III compilation. The band agreed and the song created underground buzz, which led to Slagel offering the band a contract with Metal Blade. Without a recording budget, the band was forced to self-finance its debut album, combining the savings of Araya, who was employed as a respiratory therapist, and money borrowed from Kings father, the band entered the studio in November 1983. The album was rushed into release, hitting shelves three weeks after tracks were completed, the tour gave the band additional popularity, sales of Show No Mercy reached more than 20,000 in the US and another 20,000 worldwide. In August 1984, Slayer released a three song EP titled Haunting the Chapel, the EP featured a darker, more thrash-oriented style than its predecessor, and laid the groundwork for the future direction of the band
16.
Hell Awaits
–
Hell Awaits is the second studio album by American thrash metal band Slayer, released through Metal Blade Records in 1985. The bands previous release, Show No Mercy, became Metal Blade Records highest selling release, as a result, to that end, Slagel financed a recording budget and recruited several experienced producers to help in the studio. Lyrical themes on Hell Awaits include hell and Satan, as their debut, the intro of the first track Hell Awaits played backwards reveals the repeated phrase join us. Defined as influential to future extreme metal acts, the most popular songs from Hell Awaits were re-recorded by various metal bands and have appeared on several tribute albums. Slagel hired producer Ron Fair, who worked for Chrysalis Records, on seeing Slayer in the studio, Fair stated, Wow, these guys are really angry, as he was inexperienced working with heavy metal musicians. Slagel financed the album, in stark contrast to Show No Mercy, which was financed by singer Tom Araya, who used his earnings as a respiratory therapist, the budget organized by Slagel allowed for professional assistance. Bernie Grundman provided audio mastering, Eddy Schreyer worked on remastering, and Bill Metoyer, the recording featured audio effects such as the intro to Hell Awaits, a reversed recording of a demonic-sounding voice repeating Join us, ending with Welcome back. Still, Araya later stated the album had poor quality, Nowadays, production-wise. But for what it was at the time, those are amazing records to me, I guess we could go in and redo it. Drummer Dave Lombardo, on the hand, asserts the album was professionally done compared to Show No Mercy, I didnt have to overdub the cymbals. Lombardos favorite song is At Dawn They Sleep, because it was kind of slow and grungy, while recording the track, neither guitarists King or Jeff Hanneman who wrote the lyrics were in the studio—only Araya and Slagel. On reading the lyrics, which featured a misspelled word, Araya sang it as it was spelled, to promote Hell Awaits, Slayer embarked on the Combat Tour with Venom and Exodus. Exodus guitarist Gary Holt commented, We immediately bonded with the Slayer guys and it was two bands of friends playing with one band of heroes, you know. Inside Venoms tour bus the band members got drunk with Venom, Araya entered the bus hammered out of his mind, according to Lombardo, saying I gotta take a piss. Wheres the bathroom in this thing, Venom singer Conrad Cronos Lant responded, saying Right here—right here in my mouth. Araya took it almost literally and urinated on his hair, Cronos got up and punched him in the face, the two blamed each other all night, and Araya continued the tour with a black eye. Araya will not discuss the incident other than saying that he was drunk, rivadavia awarded the album four out of five stars, saying that it was incredibly ahead of its time and referred to it as a mandatory item in the bands remarkable discography. It has sold over 1,000,000 records worldwide according to Brian Slagel, in the book Legends of Rock Guitar, Hell Awaits was defined as a psychotic exploration into the depths of Satanism and physical torture
17.
Arizona
–
Arizona is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western United States and the Mountain West states and it is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix, Arizona is one of the Four Corners states. It has borders with New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, California, and Mexico, Arizonas border with Mexico is 389 miles long, on the northern border of the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California. Arizona is the 48th state and last of the states to be admitted to the Union. Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain, after being defeated in the Mexican–American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase, Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Alpine, in addition to the Grand Canyon National Park, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments. To the European settlers, their pronunciation sounded like Arissona, the area is still known as alĭ ṣonak in the Oodham language. Another possible origin is the Basque phrase haritz ona, as there were numerous Basque sheepherders in the area, There is a misconception that the states name originated from the Spanish term Árida Zona. See also lists of counties, islands, rivers, lakes, state parks, national parks, Arizona is in the Southwestern United States as one of the Four Corners states. Arizona is the sixth largest state by area, ranked after New Mexico, of the states 113,998 square miles, approximately 15% is privately owned. The remaining area is public forest and park land, state trust land, Arizona is well known for its desert Basin and Range region in the states southern portions, which is rich in a landscape of xerophyte plants such as the cactus. This regions topography was shaped by volcanism, followed by the cooling-off. Its climate has hot summers and mild winters. The state is well known for its pine-covered north-central portion of the high country of the Colorado Plateau. Like other states of the Southwest United States, Arizona has an abundance of mountains, despite the states aridity, 27% of Arizona is forest, a percentage comparable to modern-day France or Germany. The worlds largest stand of pine trees is in Arizona
18.
Jon Card
–
Jon Card is a German-Canadian drummer. He has played in the rock bands Personality Crisis, SNFU, D. O. A. Born to a Royal Canadian Air Force pilot in Germany and relocated to Canada at age four, Card grew up in Calgary, after playing with the heavy metal band Stonehenge, he formed his first punk band, Plasticide in his late teens. In 1981 he joined the Winnipeg-based band Personality Crisis, with whom he played with for three years before their 1984 breakup and he then played in the popular Canadian punk band SNFU for two years, who were at that time based in Edmonton. He appeared on their second LP, If You Swear, Youll Catch No Fish, in 1988, he also contributed to Vancouver-based NoMeansNos Small Parts Isolated and Destroyed album as a guest musician. Card next joined D. O. A. for several years and records and he thereafter joined the reunited SNFU for a 1991 tour, but did not stay with the band as they proceeded to sign with Epitaph Records and tour extensively. Card played with country artist Linda McRae on her 2002 album Cryin Out Loud. He joined the long-standing Canadian punk band The Subhumans for their 2005 reunion and they signed with the Alternative Tentacles and G7 Welcoming Committee record labels and released the New Dark Age Parade LP the next year. In 2010, Card also rejoined SNFU, marking his third stint with the band and he appeared on their Never Trouble Trouble Until Trouble Troubles You album three years later
19.
Warren Zevon
–
Warren William Zevon was an American rock singer-songwriter and musician. Zevon also wrote major hits that were recorded by artists, including Poor Poor Pitiful Me, Accidentally Like a Martyr, Mohammeds Radio, Carmelita. He was a frequent guest on Late Night with David Letterman, Letterman later performed guest vocals on Hit Somebody. With Paul Shaffer and members of the CBS Orchestra on Zevons album My Rides Here, Zevon was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Beverly Cope and William Zevon. His father was a Jewish immigrant from Russia, and his surname was Zivotovsky. Warrens mother was from a Mormon family and was of English descent, by the age of 13, Zevon was an occasional visitor to the home of Igor Stravinsky, where he briefly studied modern classical music alongside Robert Craft. Zevons parents divorced when he was 16 years old, he quit high school. Zevon turned to a musical career early, including a stretch with high school friend Violet Santangelo as a duo called lyme & cybelle. He spent time as a musician and jingle composer. He wrote several songs for his White Whale label-mates The Turtles, another early composition was included in the soundtrack for the film Midnight Cowboy. Zevons first attempt at a solo album Wanted Dead or Alive was produced by 1960s cult figure Kim Fowley, flashes of Zevons later writing preoccupations of romantic loss and noir-ish violence are present in songs like Tules Blues and A Bullet for Ramona. During the early 1970s, Zevon toured regularly with the Everly Brothers as keyboard player, band leader, later during the same decade, he toured and recorded with Don Everly and Phil Everly separately, as they tried to launch solo careers after their breakup. Together they composed Roland the Headless Thompson Gunner, by September 1975, Zevon had returned to Los Angeles where he roomed with Stevie Nicks and Lindsey Buckingham, neither famous at the time. There he collaborated with Jackson Browne, who produced and promoted Zevons self-titled major-label debut in 1976, contributors to this album included Nicks, Buckingham, Mick Fleetwood, John McVie, members of the Eagles, Carl Wilson, Linda Ronstadt, and Bonnie Raitt. Ronstadt elected to many of his songs, including Hasten Down the Wind, Carmelita, Poor Poor Pitiful Me. Zevon was a darker and more ironic songwriter than Browne. But he and his 1970s L. A. peers shared a grounding in folk and country influences. In 1978, Zevon released Excitable Boy to critical acclaim and popular success, critic Dave Marsh, in The Rolling Stone Record Guide, called Zevon one of the toughest rockers ever to come out of Southern California
20.
Diane Arbus
–
Her work is said to be a formal manipulation characterized under blatant sensationalism. In 1972, a year after she committed suicide, Arbus became the first American photographer to have displayed at the Venice Biennale. Millions viewed traveling exhibitions of her work in 1972–1979, between 2003 and 2006, Arbus and her work were the subjects of another major traveling exhibition, Diane Arbus Revelations. In 2006, the motion picture Fur, starring Nicole Kidman as Arbus, Arbus was born Diane Nemerov to David Nemerov and Gertrude Russek Nemerov, a Jewish couple who lived in New York City and owned Russeks, a famous Fifth Avenue department store. Because of her familys wealth, Arbus was insulated from the effects of the Great Depression while growing up in the 1930s, louis, would later become United States Poet Laureate and the father of the Americanist art historian Alexander Nemerov. Diane Nemerov attended the Fieldston School for Ethical Culture, a prep school, in 1941, at the age of eighteen, she married her childhood sweetheart Allan Arbus. Their first daughter, Doon, who would become a writer, was born in 1945, their second daughter, Amy. Arbus and her husband worked together, after long hours in the studio, Diane would rush home to cook dinner for Allan and their two daughters. Allan was very supportive of Diane, even after she quit commercial photography. Allan had given Diane her first camera after their honeymoon and she began developing an independent relationship to photography. Diane and Allan Arbus separated in 1959, and were divorced in 1969 and they still remained close because of their daughters. Allan would come over for Sunday breakfast and he continued to develop Dianes film, Diane began a relationship with art director and painter Marvin Israel that would last roughly ten years, until the time of her death. He was married and made clear to Arbus that he was never going to leave his wife and he pushed Arbus very hard regarding her work. He was an opinionated man. At the end of their relationship, Diane found out that Israel had been sleeping with her daughter, in the early 1940s, Dianes father employed them to take photographs for the department stores advertisements. Allan was a photographer for the U. S. Army Signal Corps in World War Two, in 1946, after the war, the Arbuses began a commercial photography business called Diane & Allan Arbus, with Diane as art director and Allan as the photographer. Diane would come up with the concepts for their shoots and then care of the models. She grew dissatisfied with this role, a role even her husband thought was demeaning and they contributed to Glamour, Seventeen, Vogue, Harpers Bazaar, and other magazines even though they both hated the fashion world. Despite over 200 pages of their editorial in Glamour, and over 80 pages in Vogue
21.
Child with Toy Hand Grenade in Central Park
–
Child with Toy Hand Grenade in Central Park, N. Y. C.1962 is a famous photograph by Diane Arbus. The photograph Child with Toy Hand Grenade in Central Park, N. Y. C,1962, by Diane Arbus, shows a boy, with the left strap of his shorts awkwardly hanging off his shoulder, tensely holding his long, thin arms by his side. Clenched in his hand is a toy replica hand grenade. The contact sheet is revealing with regards to Arbus working method and she engages with the boy while moving around him, saying she was trying to find the right angle. The sequence of shots she took depicts a really quite ordinary boy who just shows off for the camera, the boy in the photograph is Colin Wood, son of tennis player Sidney Wood. An interview with Colin, with his recollections about the photograph, is presented in the BBC documentary The Genius of Photography. According to The Washington Post, Colin does not specifically remember Arbus taking the photo, but that he was imitating a face Id seen in war movies. Later, as a teenager, he was angry at Arbus for making fun of a kid with a sailor suit. She catches me in a moment of exasperation and my parents had divorced and there was a general feeling of loneliness, a sense of being abandoned. She saw that and its like and she captured the loneliness of everyone. Its all people who want to connect but dont know how to connect, and I think thats how she felt about herself. She felt damaged and she hoped that by wallowing in that feeling, through photography, she could transcend herself. The photograph was used, without permission, on the first version of the cover of Canadian punk band SNFUs 1984 album And No One Else Wanted to Play after the found the picture in the library. The image is used on the cover of American indie rock band Cloud Cults debut album Who Killed Puck. An original print of the photograph sold for $408,000 in April 2005 at Christies in New York, during a lecture at New Mexico State University in 1989 Matt Groening told the audience he based the character of Bart Simpson of the TV show The Simpsons upon this photograph. The image was included in the lecture, identical Twins, Roselle, New Jersey,1967 Diane Arbus, Child with Toy Hand Grenade. In Timeline of Art History, The Metropolitan Museum of Art Photography post 1960, Diane Arbus Boy with a Toy Hand Grenade, blog post about Child with Toy Hand Grenade
22.
Chris Walter (author)
–
Chris Walter is a Canadian punk rock historian, novelist and founder of the independent publishing company GFY Press. His novels generally portray the darker aspects of humanity such as addiction, prostitution. Born in Regina, Saskatchewan, Chris was raised in Winnipeg and he became involved with drugs at a very early age and was kicked out of school before leaving home at fifteen, working a succession of menial jobs and collecting welfare for long stretches. His drug addiction raged out of control after moving to Vancouver, British Columbia in 1991, upon rehabilitation in January 2001, he devoted himself to work and to his family. Chris Walter resides in Vancouver with his girlfriend and their son. Despite their dark subject matter, Walters books are known for humour, presented in prose described by critics as “convincing, lively, real, accessible. He was featured in Prairie Coast Films 2010 documentary Open Your Mouth And Say, Mr. Chi Pig, a film that looks at the life of SNFU singer Mr. Chi Pig. O. A
23.
Ken Chinn
–
Kendall Stephen Ken Chinn is a Canadian punk rock lead vocalist and artist. He is best known, under the pseudonym Mr. Chi Pig and he currently resides in Vancouver, British Columbia. Born to German and Chinese parents in Edmonton, Alberta, Chinn was the second youngest of twelve children and his early life entailed traumatic episodes related to his unstable family, including manifestations of what would later be diagnosed as schizophrenia. Despite this, he remained close to his siblings and parents, as a teenager, he developed interests in punk rock, skateboarding and art. In 1981, Chinn formed the rock band Live Sex Shows with Marc and Brent Belke. The group was short-lived, but the three musicians next formed Societys No Fucking Use, better known by the acronym SNFU, late that year, SNFU rose in prominence in the Canadian hardcore punk community and ultimately became a formative influence for the skate punk subgenre. In addition to singing, Chinn wrote the lyrics and provided much of the artwork used on their records. He also served as an energetic and charismatic front man, incorporating masks, puppets, after releasing three LPs with a rotating rhythm section and embarking on extensive touring in North America and Europe, SNFU disbanded in 1989 due to in-fighting and general exhaustion. Chinn relocated to Vancouver and fronted a group called The Wongs, another short-lived group, Little Joe, followed soon thereafter. After moving to Vancouver, Chinn began what would become a battle with various hard drugs. This period also marked the beginning of Chinns open identification as a homosexual, in late 1991, SNFU reformed for a reunion tour behind a rarities compilation record released to satisfy their contract with Cargo Records. The tour was successful, and the band properly reformed. Late in 1997, Epitaph opted against renewing the bands contract and this era ultimately terminated after the departure of longtime bassist Rob Johnson and a hiatus in 2001. Chinn then formed the new group Slaveco, with Matt Warhurst and Shane Smith, both future members of SNFU, and Jay Black. SNFU returned to activity late in 2003, releasing a studio album. Became inactive shortly thereafter, and Chinn spiraled into depression, poverty, and addiction, nonetheless, Chinn at this time began work on an unfinished solo album in collaboration with other Vancouver musicians, including Johnson. Chinn and former SNFU bassist Ken Fleming, now on guitar, a biographical documentary film about Chinn entitled Open Your Mouth and Say. Mr. Chi Pig was released in March 2010. O. A, citing SNFUs influence on them personally and the rock scene at large
24.
She's Not on the Menu
–
Shes Not on the Menu is an EP by Edmonton, Alberta-based punk rock band SNFU. It was self-released by the band in 1986, the EP contains a 1986 studio re-recording of a song from the bands debut album on Side A and two demo tracks originally recorded in 1982 on Side B. SNFU planned to issue a new 7 record after their album, If You Swear. For Side A, they recorded a version of the EPs title track. The song had appeared on their debut album. And No One Else Wanted to Play. The two tracks on Side B were taken from SNFUs first recording session, held in November 1982 and they were recorded in the studios of CJSR-FM and originally had been intended for a compilation of underground Edmonton bands to be titled West Watch. The compilation was not released, and the songs were used by SNFU as an informal cassette demo. The EP marked the first official release of the two tracks, shes Not on the Menu was limited to 500 copies on colored vinyl, and was packaged with original artwork by singer Ken Chinn. The newly formed Cargo Records helped to distribute the record, shes Not on the Menu was reissued on the compilation album The Last of the Big Time Suspenders
25.
IMDb
–
In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
26.
Better Than a Stick in the Eye
–
Better Than a Stick in the Eye is the third album by Canadian punk rock band SNFU. The album was released in 1988 by Cargo Records and it marked a return to a direct and unadorned sound following its comparatively experimental predecessor, If You Swear, Youll Catch No Fish. It would also be the groups last studio album for five years, SNFU released their first two albums on the American hardcore punk imprint BYO Records. They first worked with Cargo Records, a Canadian label recently established by their longtime acquaintance Randy Boyd, impressed with the sales of the EP, Cargo signed SNFU to a two-record deal in 1988. For SNFU, this was a move to a label with greater distribution. The group had wanted to work with producer Cecil English – whose recent work with NoMeansNo they particularly admired – since meeting him on tour in March 1987 and they chose Englishs Profile Studios in Vancouver to record their third album, and began work in June 1988. They tracked the album live with minimal overdubs and few studio effects, aside from an assault on guitarist Brent Belke while skateboarding en route to the recording studio, the sessions were uneventful and productive. The album was the bands first full-length release with their new rhythm section, much of the material on the album had been written with former bassist Dave Bacon. The albums lead track, Time To Buy a Futon, was co-written by Bacon and released in a version on Thrasher Skate Rock 5, Born to Skate. Three outtakes from the sessions were included on the 1991 compilation album The Last of the Big Time Suspenders, the album was released in December 1988, while the band was on their first European tour. SNFU spent the several months touring in support of the new album. The record was received well and appreciated for its return to a rawer punk sound. Writing for Noisey, Jason Schreurs called the record his longtime favorite SNFU album, all songs written by SNFU unless otherwise noted. Mr. Chi Pig - vocals Muc - guitar Brent Bununsk - guitar Curt - bass Ted Simm - drums
27.
Something Green and Leafy This Way Comes
–
Something Green and Leafy This Way Comes is the fourth studio album by Canadian punk rock band SNFU. The album was released in 1993 on Epitaph Records, the first of three SNFU releases on Epitaph, despite being released during the height of the third wave of punk rock by the revivals best-selling independent label, the album did not yield a hit. SNFU played the Wrong Way Down Memory Lane reunion tour late in 1991 to support their posthumous compilation album The Last of the Big Time Suspenders on Cargo Records. SNFU met Bad Religion guitarist Brett Gurewitz at a show in Los Angeles, the band reformed after the tour, retooled their lineup, and signed finally with Epitaph early in 1993. With new bassist Rob Johnson and new drummer Dave Rees, the band spent late 1992 and 1993 writing the material that would appear on Something Green and Leafy This Way Comes. The songwriting process was influenced in part by the direction that guitarists Marc, SNFU demoed the material at Desolation Sound Studio in British Columbia, and two tracks from this session later appeared on the Beautiful, Unlike You and I single. At Gurewitzs recommendation, they arranged to record the album with producer Donnell Cameron, known for his work with Rocket From the Crypt, NOFX, Rancid, Bad Religion, the band traveled to Los Angeles to record with Cameron at Westbeach Recorders in August 1993. Very early in the sessions, Cameron checked into rehab for drug addiction. After brief deliberation, the band opted to continue the sessions with Camerons engineer Joe Peccerillo acting as producer, SNFU biographer Chris Walter notes their regret for continuing without Cameron and mild musical clashing with Peccerillo, who did not have a punk rock background. The band experimented in the studio, taking advantage of Epitaphs comparatively large budget for the session, Rees and Peccerillo used tubular bells on the track Seven Minutes Closer to Death, and the group utilized an expanded palette of guitar tones throughout the recording. The album was released in November 1993, SNFU toured extensively behind the record, including stints with Bad Religion and Green Day in 1994 which represented some of the bands largest shows in their career. They filmed a video for Reality Is a Ride on the Bus, their second music video. The album sold well, but SNFUs success was overshadowed by Epitaph label mates like The Offspring and Rancid. Something Green and Leafy This Way Comes received a response from audiences. Walter wrote that fans did not immediately grasp the experimental tone of the album, jack Rabid from The Big Takeover called the album average while noting that it demonstrates that the band can still rock hard and tight. Rabid ultimately assessed the release as good, solid punk/hardcore album for a time where there arent that many of those, jeffries ultimately assesses the record as some of least enjoyable material, awarding the record two out of five stars
28.
The One Voted Most Likely to Succeed
–
The One Voted Most Likely to Succeed is the fifth studio album by Canadian punk rock band SNFU. The album was released in 1995 on Epitaph Records, their second of three albums on Epitaph, SNFU signed a three-record deal with Epitaph in 1993. But Something Green and Leafy This Way Comes, their experimental first release with the label, failed to chart and they spent 1994 touring heavily and planning a followup record. SNFU entered Mushroom Studios in Vancouver to record their studio album in late December. They spent two weeks recording the album with producer Dave Ogilvie, noted for his work with Skinny Puppy, Guests Mike Gabby Gaborno and Bif Naked, both longtime friends of the band, made guest vocal appearances on the albums final track, One Last Loveshove. Mixing occurred in a owned by Canadian rock musician Bryan Adams and was completed by mid-January. The band filmed promotional videos for the songs Big Thumbs and Erics Had a Bad Day with director Eric Matthies and these songs were both also released as promotional singles. The album was released by Epitaph on May 4,1995, the band and label had high expectations for the album, which was released at the height of the third wave of punk rock. Ultimately the record did not chart as well as did contemporaneous albums by label mates such as The Offspring and Rancid, the album was generally received well by critics. Writing a retrospective review for AllMusic, critic Vincent Jeffries calls the album a rewarding effort in which the group offers a familiar sound than on their previous record. Jeffries adds that the skilled, and now veteran, punk musicians handle the more difficult material with grace. Ultimately, Jeffries assesses the record as one of their best 90s releases, cMJs Juliana Day gave the album a positive review, calling the record one adrenaline burst after another, prefabricated but easy to bang your head to. Punknews. org reviewer TomTrauma praised singer Ken Chinns effort on the album, TomTrauma concluded that the album, a classic by mid-90s standards, remains essential listening for fans of that era, and Canadian punk fans in general. All songs written by SNFU SNFU Mr. Chi Pig - vocals Marc Belke - guitar Brent Bunnt Belke - guitar Rob Johnson - bass Dave Rees - drums Guests Mike Gabby Gaborno and Bif Naked - vocals
29.
FYULABA
–
FYULABA is the sixth studio album by Canadian punk rock band SNFU. The album was released in 1996 by Epitaph Records and its name is an acronym for Fuck You Up Like a Bad Accident. The album was the last of three released by SNFU on Epitaph. Eight years would pass before the proper followup, In the Meantime, throughout 1995 and early 1996, SNFU had toured extensively in support of their fifth studio album, The One Voted Most Likely to Succeed. Members Marc Belke, Brent Belke, and Rob Johnson had also spent time finalizing the Redemeer album released in 1996 by their project the Wheat Chiefs. SNFU initially recorded demos for their album in May with roadie. In June 1996, the returned to Mushroom Studios, the site of the recording of The One Voted Most Likely to Succeed. Engineer Pete Wonsiak and mixer Dave Ogilvie, the known for his work with Skinny Puppy, were brought on for the sessions. While the recording went generally smoothly, singer Ken Chinns struggles with health, regardless, Marc Belke later remembered the sessions as personally satisfying and fulfilling. Singer Bif Naked made her appearance on an SNFU record. The band took the initial title, Fuck You Up Like a Bad Accident, from the American outsider artist and musician. The title was shortened to its acronym form, FYULABA. The albums cover was designed by Brad Lambert, but the design used on the cover was a version of the intended cover. The band later expressed dissatisfaction with final art, the album was released on September 24,1996. The band shot a video for the song Fate, their fifth promotional video overall. Their tour in support of the began in October 1996. Included in the pregap of the CD release is a recording of a heated argument between the bands road crew and owners of a club in Kelowna, British Columbia on November 2,1995. SNFU had played the venue that night, and Chinn and other associates of the band had had an encounter with one of the venues bouncers
[2]