1.
Album
–
Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Kyuss
–
Kyuss was an American stoner rock band, formed in Palm Desert, California, in 1987 by Josh Homme, John Garcia, Brant Bjork and Chris Cockrell. After releasing an EP under the name Sons of Kyuss in 1990, over the next five years the band released four full-length albums, and one last split EP in 1997 as Kyuss and the newly formed Queens of the Stone Age. This tied up the ends of Kyuss and introduced the new band Queens of the Stone Age. Oliveri left the band in 1992 and was replaced by Scott Reeder just prior to the release of Blues for the Red Sun. Drummer Bjork decided to leave the band in 1993, citing creative differences and a disdain for touring, Garcia and Homme were the bands only continuous members throughout the bands lifetime. In November 2010, three members of the band reunited under the adapted moniker Kyuss Lives. for a world tour with plans to record a new album at some point. As a result, they changed their name to Vista Chino, the band formed in 1987 jamming under the name Katzenjammer before eventually deciding upon Sons of Kyuss. Brant Bjork selected the name from the monster found in the 1st edition Advanced Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game book Fiend Folio. In 1989 the band recorded their eponymous debut EP, Sons of Kyuss, after self-releasing the EP in 1990, the band recruited Nick Oliveri – who had previously played second guitar in Katzenjammer – to replace Cockrell on bass, and shortened their name to Kyuss. Kyuss first line-up consisted of vocalist John Garcia, guitarist Joshua Homme, bassist Nick Oliveri, the band gradually built a local following in Palm Desert, California and frequently performed at parties in and around the isolated towns of Southern Californias desert areas. Homme commented that playing in the desert was the factor for the band noting that theres no clubs here. If people dont like you, theyll tell you, the band then signed with independent record label Dali, who released their debut album, Wretch, in September 1991. Several songs on the album were re-recorded versions of those appeared on the Sons of Kyuss EP. Album sales were sluggish, though the band was making a name for itself as a live act. In 1992, the band, along with new producer Chris Goss, began work on their next album, Goss understood the band, and was able to accurately capture their live sound in the studio. Released in June that year, the album was hailed and is today widely regarded as a pioneering stoner rock record. By the end of 1993, they were invited to open nine dates for Metallica touring Australia, the band then soon found themselves signed with major label Elektra Records after Dali Records hit financial problems and was bought by Elektra. In 1994, they would release their first major label album, originally intended to be titled Pools of Mercury, the album commonly came to be known among fans as Welcome to Sky Valley
3.
Sound City Studios
–
Sound City Studios was a recording studio incorporated in 1969, located in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, California, USA. The facility had previously been a factory of the British musical instrument manufacturer. Sound City contributed its signature sound to more than a hundred certified gold. The studio was held from 1970, until it closed its commercial studio services in May 2011. It is now reserved for the use of its tenants. Dave Grohl, former Nirvana drummer and current frontman of Foo Fighters, purchased the Neve Electronics 8028 Console from Studio A, in 2013, a documentary on the studio was made by Grohl simply titled Sound City. The studio was run by Joe Gottfried and Tom Skeeter, two guys who wanted to start a company and got into artist management. During 1969, Sound City hosted the David Briggs productions Twelve Dreams of Dr. Sardonicus by Spirit, on a more infamous note, cult leader Charles Manson made some recordings in Studio B, just a few months before the Manson family crime spree in the Summer of 1969. In the 1970s, Neil Young, Dr. John, Spirit, Crazy Horse, Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, along with other bands recorded music at the studio. Shelter Records founders Leon Russell and Denny Cordell found an L. A. home at Sound City as well, recording Leon Russell, Delaney & Bonnie, and Joe Cocker. In 1976, Fleetwood Mac recorded one track at the studio, Never Going Back Again, from what would one of the highest selling and most critically acclaimed albums of all time. During the 1980s and 1990s, the studio was used to produce works from Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, Rick Springfield, Ronnie James Dio, Foreigner, The Black Crowes, and Nirvana. Record producer Rick Rubin chose Sound City Recording Studios to record artists like Red Hot Chili Peppers and he most recently recorded Metallicas Death Magnetic, which entered the Billboard Top 200 chart at number 1, at the studio. Joe Gottfried died in 1992, at the age of 65, Tom Skeeter died on 12 September 2014, at the age of 82. Sound City Studios prided themselves on having a particular sound when it came to recording drums. Studio drummer and Toto member, Jeff Porcaro, insisted that you only had to set up the drums in order to get a drum sound. Guitars sound pretty much the same everywhere, says famed producer Rick Rubin, but drums change from room to room, based upon this sample, the band chose Sound City Studios to record Death Magnetic. In addition, when asked by Nine Inch Nails to be a guest drummer on some songs, Dave Grohl agreed only if the songs were to be recorded at Sound City Studios
4.
Van Nuys
–
Van Nuys /vænˈnaɪz/ is a neighborhood in the central San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles, California. The town was founded in 1911, and named for Isaac Newton Van Nuys and it was annexed by Los Angeles on May 22,1915, after completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct, providing it with the water required for further growth. Van Nuys was the first new stop on the San Fernando Line of the Pacific Electric Railway red cars system, which boosted its early land sales and commercial success. In 1991 Marvin Braude, a member of the Los Angeles City Council and this redesignated area included the community of Magnolia Woods. Some area residents had presented a petition and several original deeds that stated Sherman Oaks to Braude and they argued that the area was originally a part of Sherman Oaks until the 1960s, when ZIP codes labeling the area as Van Nuys were established. In 2014, A Great Streets project was introduced by Mayor Eric Garcetti with Van Nuys Blvd. to be redesigned between Victory Blvd. and Oxnard Street, also, Sepulveda Blvd. was resurfaced between Victory Blvd and Oxnard Street in May 2014. A new Los Angeles County services building is under construction on the southwest corner of Van Nuys Blvd. on February 14,2016, some 170 firefighters battled a fire at the abandoned Voyager Motel at 6500 N. Sepulveda Blvd. The 2000 U. S. census counted 103,770 residents in the 8. 99-square-mile Van Nuys neighborhood—or 11,542 people per square mile, in 2008, the city estimated that the population had increased to 110,747. In 2000 the median age for residents was 28, considered young for city and county neighborhoods, the neighborhood was considered moderately diverse ethnically within Los Angeles. The breakdown was Hispanics,60. 5%, whites,23. 1%, Asians,6. 4%, blacks, 6%, and others, 4%. Mexico and El Salvador were the most common places of birth for the 49. 8% of the residents who were born abroad—a high percentage for Los Angeles. There were 4,917 families headed by single parents, or 21. 3%, the median yearly household income in 2008 dollars was $41,134, considered average for the city but low for the county. The percentages of households that earned $40,000 or less were high for the county, renters occupied 73. 9% of the housing stock, and house- or apartment-owners held 26. 1%. Van Nuys Airport Van Nuys Boulevard Metro Orange Line bicycle path Van Nuys FlyAway Bus service Galpin Auto Sports — Pimp My Ride. Sound City Studios Los Angeles Fire Department operates Station 39, Station 90 Van Nuys Airport Area, Station 100 West Van Nuys, the Los Angeles Police Department operates the nearby Van Nuys Community Police Station at 6420 Sylmar Avenue,91401, serving the neighborhood. The U. S. Census Bureau operates the Los Angeles Regional Office in Van Nuys, the Social Security Administration operates a branch office on Van Nuys Boulevard north of Victory Boulevard in Van Nuys. The Van Nuys Recreation Area is in Van Nuys, the area has an auditorium and gymnasium with a capacity of 420 people, and a multipurpose/community room with a capacity of 20–25 people. The Van Nuys adjacent Sepulveda Basin Recreation Area to the west is an open space park behind Sepulveda Dam
5.
Stoner rock
–
Stoner rock or stoner metal is a rock music fusion genre that combines elements of heavy metal and/or doom metal with psychedelic rock and acid rock. The term desert rock is used interchangeably with the term stoner rock to describe this genre, however. Stoner rock is typically slow-to-mid tempo and features a distorted, groove laden bass-heavy sound, melodic vocals. The genre emerged during the early 1990s and was pioneered foremost by the Californian bands Kyuss, the descriptor stoner rock may originate from the title of the 1997 Roadrunner Records compilation Burn One Up. Desert rock is used interchangeably as a descriptor, and was coined by a MeteorCity Records intern. Due to the similarities between stoner and sludge metal, there is often a crossover between the two genres and this hybrid has traits of both styles, but generally lacks stoner metals laid back atmosphere and its usage of psychedelia. Bands such as Weedeater, High on Fire and Electric Wizard creatively fuse both styles, the involvement of cannabis in the creation of stoner rock/metal can range between bands in the genre. Bands such as Sleep have involved the concept of cannabis to be part of the core of their albums, dopesmoker by Sleep received controversy because the 60-minute song is about cannabis, which resulted in conflict with Sleeps record company. Bands such as King Caravan and Sea of Green have come under terms with this statement. Similarly, Matt Pike from the band High on Fire stated, Its a very strong scene, I might use the word stoner in my lyrics, but I think were metal, dude. Id say I was crossover metal, actually, or progressive metal and its kind of a tough thing to lump into a category, but I guess we get the stoner-rock label because of the whole pot thing. Like most subgenres of music, the origins of rock are hard to trace. Nevertheless, several known progenitors and signature songs are credited with helping to shape the genre. Blue Cheer is considered one of the pioneers of the style, as AllMusic author Greg Prato puts it, When talks about stoner rock come up, one band that tends to get overlooked is Blue Cheer. Rolling Stone claims, What stoner rock delivers, slowed down and magnified, is the riff, led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath were the first to make a monolith of it. Sir Lord Baltimore have been called the godfathers of rock and Leaf Hound have been cited for influencing countless bands in the stoner rock movement, including Kyuss. Primevils album Smokin Bats at Camptons has been called a touchstone of stoner rock, jim DeRogatis has said that stoner rock bands are reaching back for inspiration to the psychedelic, proto-metallic jamming of bands like Cream, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, and Hawkwind. Black Sabbaths Master of Reality is often cited as the first album of the genre, soundgarden, who released their first album in 1988, are typically associated with grunge, but have also been called the standard-bearers of stoner rock during the 1990s
6.
Elektra Records
–
Elektra Records is an American record label owned by Warner Music Group, founded in 1950 by Jac Holzman and Paul Rickolt. It played an important role in the development of folk music. In 2004, it was consolidated into WMGs Atlantic Records Group, after five years of dormancy, the label was revived as an imprint of Atlantic in 2009. The label has been run by Gregg Nadel since 2015 who officially became its president in 2017, Elektra was formed in 1950 by Jac Holzman and Paul Rickolt in Holzmans St. Johns College dorm room. The usual spelling of the Greek mythological Pleiad Electra was changed, Holzman famously explained, I gave her the ‘K’ that I lacked. He found the C in the name too soft but liked the solid bite of the letter K. The first Elektra LP, New Songs, was a collection of Lieder and similar art songs, Holzman also recorded Josh White, who was without a record deal as a result of McCarthyite blacklisting. In 1964, Elektra launched Nonesuch Records and this classical budget label was the best-selling budget classical label of the era. In 1965, Elektra began a joint venture with Survey Music called Bounty Records which was Elektras first foray into pop music. The most notable signing for Bounty was the Paul Butterfield Band who was moved over to Elektra when Bounty folded, the labels most important signings were the Chicago-based Paul Butterfield Blues Band, the Los Angeles bands Love and The Doors, and the Detroit bands The Stooges and MC5. Included in Elektras LA signings were Tim Buckley and Bread, in 1968, the label also signed pioneering rock guitar soloist Lonnie Mack to a three-album deal. Also in 1967, Elektra launched its influential Nonesuch Explorer Series, excerpts from several Nonesuch Explorer recordings were later included on the two Voyager Golden Discs which were sent into deep space in 1977 aboard the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 space probes. Elektra, along with its Nonesuch Records subsidiary, was acquired by Kinney National Services in 1970, soon afterwards, Kinney consolidated their label holdings under the Warner-Elektra-Atlantic umbrella. Holzman remained in charge of Elektra until 1972, when it merged with Asylum Records to become Elektra/Asylum Records, Asylums founder, David Geffen, would head the newly combined label. Holzman, in the meantime, was appointed vice president and chief technologist for Warner — ushering the company into home video. Holzman also went on to acquire Discovery Records, in 1975, Geffen stepped down due to health problems. He would be replaced by Joe Smith, who went on to become CEO of Capitol Records. Although the company was listed as Elektra/Asylum Records on the label credits
7.
Record producer
–
A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
8.
Chris Goss
–
Christopher Ryan Goss is an American record producer and musician. Best known for producing records for Kyuss and Queens of the Stone Age, he is regarded as an important figure in the development of stoner rock, Goss is also the lead singer and guitarist of the hard rock band Masters of Reality. As well as being the member of influential desert rock outfit Masters of Reality, Goss is also well known for his production work on albums by Kyuss. Largely credited as the Godfather of desert rock, Goss has on several occasions played down the importance of his role in this musical movement. In 1999 he stated, “I cant make any claim at all to inventing desert rock, or stoner rock, or whatever you want to call it. I make rock n roll records, and hopefully try to make the listener feel like I did when I heard my favourite music. ”In 2004, Goss highlighted exactly what kind of music he created, “Theres a bunch of weirdos that I work with all the time, and we make what I call out of whack Rock records. When people want an out of whack weird Rock record, they call me, and I take an out of whack amount of money to do it, and Im glad to be there. After his recuperation, he joined Jeordie White and Zach Hill to release I Got a Brand New Egg Layin Machine, a mini LP released under the name Goon Moon. Continuing with Goon Moon, Goss, White and Hill released an album in May 2007 entitled Lickers Last Leg containing many guest artists synonymous with the desert rock scene. Goss also joined Queens of the Stone Age and Billy Gibbons to perform Burn the Witch on Late Night with Conan OBrien. It stars Michael Madsen, Shayla Beesley and Paz de la Huerta. The movie is inspired by the book Death in the Desert by Cathy Scott,2010 Extensive Audio Interview with Chris Goss on the Jekyll and Hyde Show, 106FM Jerusalem
