1.
Nigeria
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Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. It comprises 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Nigeria is officially a democratic secular country. Modern-day Nigeria has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia, the modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century, and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms, Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960, and plunged into a civil war from 1967 to 1970. Nigeria is often referred to as the Giant of Africa, owing to its large population, with approximately 184 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world, Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern part of the country, and Muslims in the northern part. A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as native to the Igbo. As of 2015, Nigeria is the worlds 20th largest economy, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and it overtook South Africa to become Africas largest economy in 2014. The 2013 debt-to-GDP ratio was 11 percent, Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the globes next BRIC-like economies. It is also listed among the Next Eleven economies set to become among the biggest in the world, Nigeria is a founding member of the African Union and a member of many other international organizations, including the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations and OPEC. The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country and this name was coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, who later married Lord Lugard, a British colonial administrator. The origin of the name Niger, which applied only to the middle reaches of the Niger River, is uncertain. The word is likely an alteration of the Tuareg name egerew n-igerewen used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism. The Nok civilisation of Northern Nigeria flourished between 500 BC and AD200, producing life-sized terracotta figures which are some of the earliest known sculptures in Sub-Saharan Africa, further north, the cities Kano and Katsina have a recorded history dating to around 999 AD. Hausa kingdoms and the Kanem-Bornu Empire prospered as trade posts between North and West Africa, the Kingdom of Nri of the Igbo people consolidated in the 10th century and continued until it lost its sovereignty to the British in 1911. Nri was ruled by the Eze Nri, and the city of Nri is considered to be the foundation of Igbo culture, Nri and Aguleri, where the Igbo creation myth originates, are in the territory of the Umeuri clan. Members of the clan trace their lineages back to the patriarchal king-figure Eri, in West Africa, the oldest bronzes made using the lost-wax process were from Igbo Ukwu, a city under Nri influence. The Yoruba kingdoms of Ife and Oyo in southwestern Nigeria became prominent in the 12th and 14th centuries, the oldest signs of human settlement at Ifes current site date back to the 9th century, and its material culture includes terracotta and bronze figures
2.
YouTube
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YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day. This increased to three billion in May 2011, and four billion in January 2012, in February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube was watched every day
3.
Romantic comedy film
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Romantic comedy films are films with light-hearted, humorous plotlines, centered on romantic ideals such as that true love is able to surmount most obstacles. One dictionary definition is a movie, play, or television program about a love story that ends happily. Another definition states that its primary distinguishing feature is a plot in which two sympathetic and well-matched lovers are united or reconciled. Romantic comedy films are a genre of comedy films as well as of romance films. However a romantic comedy is classified as a film with two genres not a new genre. Some television series can also be classified as romantic comedies, a wedding-bells, fairy-tale-style happy ending is practically mandatory. The basic plot of a comedy is that two characters meet, part ways due to an argument or other obstacle, then ultimately reunite. Sometimes the two meet and become involved initially, then must confront challenges to their union. Sometimes they are hesitant to become involved because they believe that they do not like each other, because one of them already has a partner. However, the screenwriters leave clues that suggest that the characters are, in fact, attracted to each other, the protagonists often separate or seek time apart to sort out their feelings or deal with the external obstacles to their being together. While the two protagonists are separated, one or both of them realizes that they are ideal for each other, or that they are in love with each other. Then, after one of the two makes some effort to find the other person and declare their love, or through an astonishing coincidental encounter. Then, perhaps with some comic friction or awkwardness, they declare their love for each other, the couple does not, however, have to marry, or live together happily ever after. The ending of a comedy is meant to affirm the primary importance of the love relationship in its protagonists lives. There are many variations on this basic plotline, sometimes, instead of the two lead characters ending up in each others arms, another love match will be made between one of the principal characters and a secondary character. Alternatively, the film may be a rumination on the impossibility of love, the basic format of a romantic comedy film can be found in much earlier sources, such as Shakespeare plays like Much Ado About Nothing and A Midsummer Nights Dream. Some comedy films, such as Knocked Up, combine themes of romantic comedies and stoner comedies, often known as bromance, such films usually use sexual elements which bring the two characters together. Films in this genre include American Pie 2 and even Wedding Crashers, romantic comedies have begun to spread out of their conventional and traditional structure into other territory
4.
Desmond Elliot
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Desmond Elliot is a Nigerian actor, director, and politician who has starred in over two hundred films and a number of television shows and soap operas. He won best supporting actor in a drama at the 2nd Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards and was nominated for best supporting actor at the 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards, in 2003 he graduated from Lagos State University where he studied Economics. Elliot was influenced by a friend to become an actor and he started playing roles in soap operas like Everyday People, One Too Much and Saints and Sinners. He is one of Nollywoods leading actors, having appeared in two hundred films including Men Who Cheat, Yahoo Millionaire and Atlanta. In 2008 Elliot co-produced and co-directed the movie Reloaded which received 3 nominations at the African Movie Academy Awards in 2009, in 2009 and 2010, Elliot was nominated for the Best Actor category at the Nigeria Entertainment Awards. Elliot declared his intentions in September 2014 to run for Lagos State House of Assembly under the All Progressives Congress and he contested and won the Surulere Constituency in the 11 April 2015 Nigerian General Elections. Elliot is married and has four children and he is involved in public relations for Globacom. Everyday People One Too Much Saints and Sinners Santalal Super Story Desmond Elliot at the Internet Movie Database
5.
Blossom Chukwujekwu
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Blossom Chukwujekwu is a Nigerian actor, who made his professional acting debut in 2009. In 2015 he won the Best Supporting Actor Award at the Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards. Born Chukwudi Echezona Chukwujekwu on November 4,1983 in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria to Dr I. E and Evangelist J. C Chukwujekwu and he is a native of Otolo, Nnewi North in Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria. He attended Greater Tomorrow Primary School and Greater Tomorrow Comprehensive College both in Benin City, Edo State, for his tertiary education, Blossom opted to study Mass Communications at the Anambra State University of Science and Technology. He completed his studies at the Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Edo State after a stint at the Enugu State University of Science. While in BIU, he was President of the Association of Mass Communication Students in the 2007/2008 session and he was also an active member of the popular House of Theatre where he played the lead in the stage drama, Godless, The path to dawn. Blossom maintains that playing Ukemu in Godless was his eureka moment, in July 2008 he graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Mass Communications from the Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Edo State. He moved to Lagos, Nigeria a few months after graduating to perform his National Youth Service Corps obligations, Blossom stayed back in Lagos to pursue his acting ambitions. In 2009, after several auditions Chukwujekwu landed the role in the yet to be released Nigeria soap opera. That same year he was cast in his first feature film, Vivian Ejikes Private Storm alongside Omotola Jalade Ekeinde, Blossom was profiled on Africa Magics Nollywood show, Jara, as one of the top 5 actors to watch out for in 2013. He was number 4 on ace Nollywood director, Charles Novias, list of the best actors of 2013, released in 2013, it achieved critical and commercial success in Nigeria, Ghana, the United Kingdom and film festivals in the USA and Canada. Chukwujekwu’s next block buster feature film, Finding Mercy, was one of the most anticipated and it was the closing film at the African International Film Festival. In 2014 Knocking on Heavens Door opened in cinemas nationwide on April 18, chukwujekwus performance as the abusive and emotionally volatile Moses earned him the Africa Magic Viewers’ Choice 2015 Best Supporting Actor award. Chukwujekwu plays the role of Kelechi Pepple in Nigeria’s first indigenous Telenovella. Blossom Chukwujekwu got married traditionally to his wife, Maureen, on 19 December 2015,2016 Okafors Law Terminator with Omoni Oboli
6.
Principal photography
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Principal photography is the phase of film production in which the movie is filmed, with actors on set and cameras rolling, as distinct from pre-production and post-production. Its start generally marks a point of no return for the financiers, feature films usually have insurance in place by the time principal photography begins. The death of a star before completing all planned takes. For example, sets are notoriously flammable, and most older studios feature water towers for that reason, furthermore, professional-quality movie cameras are normally rented as needed, and most camera houses will not allow rentals of their equipment without proof of insurance. Once a film concludes principal photography, it is said to have wrapped, in these circumstances, additional material may have to be shot. If the material has already been shot once, or is substantial, the process is referred to as a re-shoot, learning materials related to Filmmaking at Wikiversity Media related to Filmmaking at Wikimedia Commons
7.
Tinsel (TV series)
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Tinsel is a Nigerian soap opera that began airing in August 2008. On May 23,2013, the shows 1000th episode aired and it has been called the most successful television drama on Nigerian television in recent times. Tinsel is produced by Darien Amos under his banner Tenn-Speed TV Pictures for M-Net/Africa Magic, tinsels plot revolves around two rival film companies, Reel Studios, founded by Fred Ade-Williams, and Odyssey Pictures, headed by Brenda Nana Mensah. The show returned for its season on the 25th of May,2015. Over 500 actors were auditioned for the role of Fred Ade-Williams before the decision to cast Victor Olaotan was made. As of June 2013, the production cost per minute is 900 dollars. The show was shot in a studio in Ojota, Lagos until March 2013 when a fire destroyed that location, since then the show has been shot at a studio and a private residence in Ikeja. Tinsel at the Internet Movie Database
8.
DStv
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DStv has around 8 million subscribers, with the majority being in South Africa and Nigeria. 1986, Pay-television came to South Africa when an analogue, single-channel service, for almost seven years, all M-Nets operations were handled by a single company. 1993, Naspers created a company, Multichoice, which was to handle the business arm of M-Net, such as decoder sales, subscriber services. 1995, Multichoice announced that it was launching a new digital, satellite service in South Africa and, on 6 October 1995,2000, Launch of W4 Eutelsat satellite with Ku-band services to sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian Ocean Islands. 2001, Launch of Indian and Portuguese bouquet,2005, The DStv PVR decoder and DStv Compact is launched. DStv Premium subscribers in South Africa cross the 1 million mark,2006, MultiChoice launches BBBEE Share Scheme, Phuthuma Nathi. 2007, Channel Shuffle on 1 October, moving channels around to 3-digit numbers,2007, Launch of DStv Select and of entry bouquet DStv EasyView. 2008, Launch of DStvs first High Definition decoder the HD PVR, XtraView,2009, HD channels - SuperSport 1 HD, Discovery HD Showcase are launched. 2010, DVB over IP and DStv on Demand service launched, as well as the HD PVR 2P,2011, DStv BoxOffice & DStv Mobile launched. 2011, GOtv, a new pay television offering on digital terrestrial television platforms is established in a number of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. It also launched a new DStv Family bouquet 2013, DStv subscribers across Africa reach 6.7 million,2014, The new channels, Lifetime, Nicktoons, Nick Junior, Vuzu Amp, M-Net Edge and Glow are launched. BBC Earth HD replacing BBC Knowledge channel 184 and will be available on DStv Premium on 1 September, BBC First as a new channel 119 on DStv Premium on 18 October. Alongside BBC World News and the new additions to DStv Compact BBC Lifestyle,2015, Popular Christian station Emmanuel TV launches on DStv. 2015-2016, The launch of ID Xtra on DStv from 5 January 2016 to replace Investigation Discovery,2016, TBN launches on DStv replacing Rhema tv from 4 March. M-net Movies stars was renamed M-Net Movies All Stars. M-Net Movies Action and M-Net City began broadcast in HD. CBS Drama and CBS Action stopped airing on 20 October, while AMC and True Movies 1 will stop airing on the 11 and 12th of November respectively. DStv MobileX DStv Mobile DVBH and Bomba DStv 20th Century Fox generations DStv has a range of decoders manufactured by Altech UEC, the latest decoders allow subscribers to use XtraView. This allows a subscriber to link two decoders under a subscription fee, to increase the viewing environments. The Standard Decoder is DStv’s entry level HD single view decoder and it has XtraView capability, where it can be linked to itself, the HD PVR or the HD EXPLORA
9.
MultiChoice
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MultiChoice is a video entertainment and internet company with a strong presence in South Africa and across the African continent. In 1986, South African mass media company Naspers formed the entertainment entity known as M-Net, MultiChoice South Africa grew out of this subscriber management division. Today it’s the leading video entertainment operator in the country and services just over five million subscribers, in the late 80s, M-Net embarked on a drive to expand its operations beyond the borders of South Africa. Its visionary founder, Koos Bekker, wanted the company to position itself as a progressive pan-African entity, the breakthrough came when they were awarded a license in Namibia in 1991, quickly followed by a host of other countries. MultiChoice Africa came into being in 1996 and currently services over four million subscribers, MultiChoice South Africa is based in Randburg. The company sources channels from around the world, as well as produced in South Africa. One of the brands is DStv. This pay-TV service provides customers with channels that cover, general entertainment, movies, lifestyle and culture, sport, documentaries, news and commerce, music, religion, DStv packages range from EasyView to Premium, as well as niche packages for the Indian and Portuguese communities. DStv also offers great value-added services such as DStv Mobile, DStv Catch Up, in 2016, MultiChoice SA launched GOtv. GOtv delivers content via network towers, rather than by satellite, MultiChoice South Africa constantly seeks to enhance its customers viewing experience. The company has a history of introducing cutting-edge technology, such as the dual-view decoder. MultiChoice Africa is based in South Africa and provides multi-channel pay-TV and subscriber management services in 48 countries across sub-Sahara Africa, MultiChoice Africa’s digital DStv service features over 200 video channels and up to 65 audio channels with a strong focus on local content. As an African business, investments have brought both social and economic benefits to the communities where they operate through job opportunities, partnerships and training. The full list of brands that fall under MultiChoice are, DStv – MultiChoices digital satellite TV service which offers various packages and consumer channels, accessible on a variety of platforms. M-Net – One of the first private subscription TV service to launch outside of the United States, M-Net delivers premium thematic channels, SuperSport – SuperSport sources sports content from federations and license holders, and also funds sports development across Africa. SuperSport packages this content into complete channels, for broadcasting by companies such as MultiChoice, DStv Media Sales – Handles commercial airtime sales and on-air sponsorship across M-Net, SuperSport and the majority of the DStv international channels. Airtime is sold on over 70 pay-TV commercial channels, in addition to the two terrestrial M-Net channels, DStv Digital Media – Marries video and internet to offer customers the best possible entertainment experience. DStv Digital Media also provide a range of services through the following websites, DStv. com, SuperSport. com, m-net. dstv. com, VUZU. tv
