1.
Remington Arms
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Remington Arms Company, LLC is an American manufacturer of firearms and ammunition in the United States. It was founded in 1816 by Eliphalet Remington in Ilion, New York, as E. Remington, Remington is Americas oldest gun maker and Its Americas oldest factory that still makes its original product-guns. It is the only U. S. company which produces both firearms and ammunition domestically and is the largest U. S. producer of shotguns, Remington has also developed or adopted more cartridges than any other gun maker or ammunition manufacturer in the world. Additionally its products are distributed in over 60 foreign countries, making its distribution base, Remington Arms is part of the Freedom Group, which is owned by Cerberus Capital Management. Remington built a new plant in Huntsville, Alabama which is now building Modern Sporting Rifles, the Remington company was founded in 1816. Eliphalet Remington II believed he could build a gun than he could buy. Farming communities in the region were famous for their skills and self-sufficiency. Remingtons father was a blacksmith, and wanted to expand his business into rifle barrel production, local residents often built their own rifles to save on costs, but purchased the barrel. Remingtons father sent him to a barrel maker in a major city to purchase a barrel. At the time, the method was to heat and wrap long flat bars of iron around a rod of the caliber desired. By heating and hammering the coiled bars around the central rod, after the young man returned home, his family added a successful barrel making operation to his fathers forge, in Ilion Gorge, New York. Remington began designing and building a rifle for himself. At age 23, he entered a match, though he only finished second. Before Remington left the field day, he had received so many orders from other competitors that he was now officially in the gunsmithing business. By 1828, the moved to nearby Ilion, New York. On March 7,1888, ownership of E. Remington & Sons left possession of the Remington family and was sold to new owners, Marcellus Hartley, at this time the name was formally changed to the Remington Arms Company. The Bridgeport site became the home of Remingtons ammunition plant, in 1912, Remington and Union Metallic Cartridge Company were combined into a single entity, called Remington UMC. In 1915, the plant at Ilion was expanded, and with this expansion became basically the same plant as today, during World War I, Remington produced arms under contract for several Allied powers
2.
Rifling
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In firearms, rifling consists of helical grooves in the internal surface of a guns barrel, which impart a spin to a projectile around its long axis. This spin serves to stabilize the projectile, improving its aerodynamic stability. Rifling is often described by its twist rate, which indicates the distance the rifling takes to complete one revolution, such as 1 turn in 10 inches. A shorter distance indicates a faster twist, meaning that for a given velocity the projectile will be rotating at a spin rate. Barrels intended for long, small-diameter bullets, such as the ultra-low-drag, 80-grain 0.223 inch bullets, extremely long projectiles such as flechettes may require high twist rates, these projectiles must be inherently stable, and are often fired from a smoothbore barrel. Muskets were smoothbore, large caliber weapons using ball-shaped ammunition fired at low velocity. Due to the high cost and great difficulty of manufacturing, and the need to load readily from the muzzle. Consequently, on firing the ball bounced off the sides of the barrel when fired, barrel rifling was invented in Augsburg, Germany in 1498. In 1520 August Kotter, an armourer of Nuremberg, Germany improved upon this work, though true rifling dates from the mid-16th century, it did not become commonplace until the nineteenth century. The most successful weapons using rifling with black powder were breech loaders such as the Queen Anne pistol, the grooves most commonly used in modern rifling have fairly sharp edges. More recently, polygonal rifling, a throwback to the earliest types of rifling, has become popular, polygonal barrels tend to have longer service lives because the reduction of the sharp edges of the land reduces erosion of the barrel. Supporters of polygonal rifling also claim higher velocities and greater accuracy, polygonal rifling is currently seen on pistols from CZ, Heckler & Koch, Glock, Tanfoglio, and Kahr Arms, as well as the Desert Eagle. Such guns have achieved significant increases in velocity and range. Examples include the South African G5 and the German PzH2000, gain-twist rifling begins with very little change in the projectiles angular momentum during the first few inches of bullet travel after ignition during the transition from chamber to throat. This enables the bullet to remain undisturbed and trued to the case mouth. After engaging the rifling the bullet is progressively subjected to accelerated angular momentum as burning powder propels it down the barrel. By only gradually increasing the rate, torque is spread along a much longer section of barrel. Gain-twist rifling was used as early as the American Civil War, colt Army and Navy revolvers both employed gain-twist rifling
3.
Game (hunting)
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Game or quarry is any animal hunted for sport or for food. The type and range of animals hunted for food varies in different parts of the world, in some countries, game is classified, including legal classification with respect to licences required, as either small game or large game. Game or quarry is any animal hunted for sport or for food, the term game arises in medieval hunting terminology by the late 13th century and is particular to English, from the generic meaning of Old English gamen joy, amusement, sport, merriment. Small game includes animals, such as rabbits, pheasants. Large game includes animals like deer and bear, big game is a term sometimes used interchangeably with large game although in other contexts it refers to large, typically African, mammals which are hunted mainly for trophies in safaris. The type and range of animals hunted for food varies in different parts of the world and this is influenced by climate, animal diversity, local taste and locally accepted views about what can or cannot be legitimately hunted. Sometimes a distinction is made between varieties and species of a particular animal, such as wild turkey and domestic turkey. Fish caught for sport are referred to as game fish, the flesh of the animal, when butchered for consumption is often described as having a gamey flavour. This difference in taste can be attributed to the diet of the animal. In some countries, game is classified, including legal classification with respect to licences required, a single small game licence may cover all small game species and be subject to yearly bag limits. Large game are often subject to individual licensing where a licence is required for each individual animal taken. In some parts of Africa, wild animals hunted for their meat are called bushmeat, see article for more detailed information on how this operates within the economy. In Africa, animals hunted for their pelts or ivory are sometimes referred to as the big game, also see the legal definition of game in Swaziland. South Africa has 62 species of gamebirds, including guineafowl, francolin, partridge, quail, sandgrouse, duck, geese, snipe, bustard, of the remaining 41 species,24 have shown an increase in numbers and distribution range in the last 25 years or so. The status of 14 species appears unchanged, with insufficient information being available for the three species. S. and Canada, deer are the most commonly hunted big game. Other game species include, In the PRC there is a special category called ye wei. In the UK game is defined in law by the Game Act 1831 and it is illegal to shoot game on Sundays or at night. Other that are hunted for food in the UK are specified under the Wildlife, the ban is generally considered voluntary on private lands, and few birds live away from RSPB or Forestry Commission land allegedly
4.
Gunsmith
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A gunsmith is a person who repairs, modifies, designs, or builds guns. This occupation differs from an armorer, a gunsmith does factory level repairs, renovation, and makes modifications and alterations for special uses. Gunsmiths may also apply carvings, engravings and other features to an otherwise finished gun. Due to the breadth of subject matter to be mastered. Alternatively, some gunsmiths learn many of the skills of the trade, the primary technical responsibility of gunsmiths is to ensure that the guns work and function safely. They accomplish this firstly by always properly observing gun safety handling procedures and they accomplish this secondly by inspecting guns to ensure safe mechanical operation. Some of those around them are, Improper Assembly Missing Parts Cracks, all cracked parts are cause for concern, bore Obstructions, being either dented or bent barrels, or foreign material in barrels. Improper Headspace, dimensions concerning the locations of the chamber. Safety-Mechanism Malfunctions, potentially allowing a gun with the safety mechanism supposedly engaged to unexpectedly fire, worn Sear Edges, potentially allowing a firearm to unexpectedly fire when the safety mechanism is disengaged. Firing-Pin Tips Deformed, leading to the possibility of primer-rupture, many failure modes are dependent on the particular model of firearm. Disassemble, clean, inspect, lubricate & reassemble, Repair burred or damaged parts with files & stones. Replace defective parts with factory-made replacements, hand-fitting as necessary, add after-market customizations, sling-swivels recoil-pads iron-sights scopes grip caps butt plates Repair and re-finish wooden stock parts. Deepen or clean up worn or damaged engravings & markings, re-crown damaged muzzles on a lathe. Install or repair rib on shotgun barrels, or repair double-barrel assemblies, troubleshoot and repair feeding, ejecting & firing problems. Test-fire guns with conventional loads to ensure proper operation, fabricate wooden stocks to customer specifications and body dimensions. Fit same to existing receiver and barrel, glass-bed actions to stocks to improve accuracy. Remove existing metal finish, and re-blue metal parts, fabricate replacement parts from metal stock. Modify trigger-pull weight through careful stoning of trigger mechanism parts, fire proof-loads through weapons to ensure sufficient strength of parts under over-load conditions
5.
Browning Arms Company
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Browning Arms Company is an American maker of firearms and fishing gear. Founded in Morgan, Utah, the company offers a variety of firearms including shotguns, rifles. Other manufactured sporting goods include sport bows, knives, fishing rods, the company was founded to market the sporting designs of John Browning, one of the worlds most prolific firearms inventors. Nearly all of John Brownings innovative designs have been manufactured under license by companies, including Winchester, Colt, Remington, Fabrique Nationale dHerstal of Belgium. Browning is currently a fully owned subsidiary of FN Herstal, Browning Arms Company is best known for the Browning BPS shotgun, the A-Bolt rifle, X-Bolt rifle, the Auto-5 semi-automatic shotgun, the BAR semi-automatic rifle, and the Hi-Power 9mm pistol. Browning also manufactures a set of trap shotguns in the Cynergy series, Browning sells a variety of non-firearms outdoors products, such as gun safes, knives, shooting accessories and clothing. 22LR.22 WMR and. In that year, a agreement was reached with Connecticut-based H. H. Brown Shoe Company. The product line included the John M. Browning collection, Field and Game series, the line has grown to include Kangaroo leather boots, Rubber boots and waders, and upland game boots. In 1968, Browning introduced a line of cutlery in the form of 3 fixed-blade hunting knives, in 2004 Browning partnered with several custom knifemakers to produce a series of Living History Knives honoring famous American Generals and battles. Browning has recently partnered with Big-game hunter, Russ Kommer as their knife designer, the actual line from the play is slightly different, Wenn ich Kultur höre. entsichere ich meinen Browning. Browning is the sponsor of hunting show Goin Country hosted by Kristy Lee Cook which used to air on the Versus channel before it became the NBC Sports Network, the relationship between Cook and Browning started after she was shown on American Idol wearing a Browning hat. FN Model 1910 M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle Official website
6.
Remington Model 700
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The Remington Model 700 is a series of bolt-action rifles manufactured by Remington Arms since 1962. All are based on the same centerfire bolt action and they often come with a 3-, 4- or 5-round internal magazine depending on caliber, some of which have a floor-plate for quick-unloading, and some of which are blind. The rifle can also be ordered with a box magazine. The Model 700 is available in many different stock, barrel and it is a development of the Remington 721 and 722 series of rifles, which were introduced in 1948. The Remington 700 action is designed for mass production and it is a manually operated bolt action with two forward dual-opposed lugs. The bolt face is recessed, fully enclosing the base of the cartridge, the ejector is a plunger on the bolt face actuated by a coil spring. The bolt is of 3-piece construction, brazed together, the receiver is milled from round cross-section steel. The Remington 700 comes in a number of variants, with different stocks, barrel configurations, metal finishes. In addition, there are three lengths of action, the symmetrical two-lug bolt body has a.695 in diameter. The differing action dimensions influence lock time, the long action has a lock time of 3.0 milliseconds and the short action has a 15% faster lock time of 2.6 milliseconds. To these can be added various magazine configurations, a magazine which has no floorplate, a conventional magazine with detachable floorplate. There are standard consumer versions as well as designed for military. Some variants come with bipods, slings and other accessories, there are several variants of the consumer version of the Model 700, including, Model 700 Model 700 SPS Model 700 ADL Model 700 BDL Model 700 CDL Model 700 VTR Model 700 Safari. Heavy barrel versions with laminated stocks like the Model 700 SPS varmint are available for varmint hunting, the Model 700 ADL was replaced as the most economical Model 700 by the Model 700 SPS in newer production. The 700CDL is usually higher priced than the 700BDL, but has a barrel in comparison. The Mil-Spec refers solely to the 5-R rifling profile designed by Boots Obermeyer and used in the single broach-cut barrels he produces for use in the M24, M40, the contour of the hammer-forged production Remington barrel is much thinner than that used in the M24 and M40 rifle systems. Remington produced a 700 ML muzzleloading rifle from 1996 onward, the EtronX electronic primer ignition system was implemented in the Model 700 EtronX introduced in 2000. There are two models of the 700P – the standard 700P with a 26 heavy barrel and the 700P Light Tactical Rifle which has a 20 fluted heavy barrel
7.
Special Air Service Regiment
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The Special Air Service Regiment, officially abbreviated SASR though commonly known as the SAS, is a special forces unit of the Australian Army. Formed in 1957, it was modelled on the British SAS sharing the motto. The regiment is based at Campbell Barracks, in Swanbourne, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia and it has taken part in operations in Borneo, Vietnam, Somalia, East Timor, Iraq and Afghanistan, as well as many other peacekeeping missions. The SASR also provides a counter-terrorist capability, and has involved in a number of domestic security operations. In addition to warfighting during conventional conflicts, the regiment is tasked with maintaining a specialist counter-terrorist capability. Other capabilities include training local or indigenous forces, recovery of Australian citizens, the SASR is also trained in counter-insurgency operations. During such tasks the SASR seeks to evade rather than confront the enemy, SASR soldiers also direct fire support including air strikes to destroy enemy installations and disrupt or kill enemy forces whenever possible. SASR reconnaissance patrols can be inserted by air, land or water and have proven capable of covering large distances and staying concealed in jungle, desert, SASR patrols may also conduct sabotage and short-duration raids on high-value targets, including headquarters, airfields and communications nodes. TAG maintains a capability to conduct military operations beyond the scope of state/territory. Offensive counter-terrorist operations may include action and hostage recovery. A capability to board ships at anchor, ships underway and off-shore gas, TAG is kept at high readiness for a period of 12 months, before being replaced by another squadron in this role. The 2nd Commando Regiment provides Tactical Assault Group to respond to incidents on the east coast of Australia. The 1st Special Air Service Company was established on 25 July 1957 at Swanbourne, in 1960, the company became part of the Royal Australian Regiment and was given the responsibility for commando and special forces operations. As part of the organisation adopted by the Australian Army at the time. On 20 August 1964, the SAS gained regimental status and was expanded to two squadrons and a headquarters, severing the link with the RAR. The raising of a squadron was approved on 30 April 1965 as part of an overall expansion of the Australian Army. The SASR first saw action in 1965 as part of the British Commonwealth force stationed in north Borneo during the Indonesian Confrontation, the SASR troopers operated alongside their British and New Zealand counterparts in operations aimed at stopping Indonesian infiltration into Malaysia, taking part in Operation Claret. 1 Squadron conducted reconnaissance patrols in Sarawak from February to July 1965 and they suffered their first fatality on 2 June when a soldier was gored by an elephant
8.
Grain
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Grains are small, hard, dry seeds, with or without attached hulls or fruit layers, harvested for human or animal consumption. Agronomists also call the plants producing such seeds grain crops, the two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals such as wheat and rye, and legumes such as beans and soybeans. Because of the ubiquity of grain as a source, the term grain is often used to describe something small. After being harvested, dry grains are more durable than other foods, such as starchy fruits. Thus, major global commodity markets exist for canola, maize, rice, soybeans, wheat, in botany, grains and cereals are synonymous with caryopses, the fruits of the grass family. In agronomy and commerce, seeds or fruits from other plant families are called if they resemble caryopses. For example, amaranth is sold as grain amaranth, and amaranth products may be described as whole grains, the pre-Hispanic civilizations of the Andes had grain-based food systems but, at the higher elevations, none of the grains was a cereal. All three grains native to the Andes are broad-leafed plants rather than such as corn, rice. All cereal crops are members of the grass family, cereal grains contain a substantial amount of starch, a carbohydrate that provides dietary energy. As is the case all other whole plant foods, pulses also contain carbohydrate. Vegetable oils provide dietary energy and some essential fatty acids and they are also used as fuel or lubricants. Those who handle grain at grain facilities may encounter numerous occupational hazards, risks include grain entrapment, where workers are submerged in the grain and unable to remove themselves, explosions caused by fine particles of grain dust, and falls
9.
Prairie dog
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Prairie dogs are herbivorous burrowing rodents native to the grasslands of North America. The five species are, black-tailed, white-tailed, Gunnisons, Utah and they are a type of ground squirrel, found in the United States, Canada and Mexico. In the United States, they range primarily to the west of the Mississippi River, despite the name, they are not canines. Prairie dogs are named for their habitat and warning call, which similar to a dogs bark. The name was in use at least as early as 1774, the 1804 journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition note that in September 1804, they discovered a Village of an animal the French Call the Prairie Dog. Its genus, Cynomys, derives from the Greek for dog mouse, the black-tailed prairie dog was first described by Lewis and Clark in 1804. Lewis described it in detail in 1806, calling it the barking squirrel.5 and 1.5 kilograms. Sexual dimorphism in body mass in the prairie dog varies 105 to 136% between the sexes, among the species, black-tailed prairie dogs tend to be the least sexually dimorphic, and white-tailed prairie dogs tend to be the most sexually dimorphic. Prairie dogs are herbivorous, though they eat some insects. They feed primarily on grasses and small seeds, in the fall, they eat broadleaf forbs. In the winter, lactating and pregnant females supplement their diets with snow for extra water and they also will eat roots, seeds, fruit, and buds. Grasses of various species are eaten, white-tailed prairie dogs have been observed to kill ground squirrels, a competing herbivore. Prairie dogs live mainly at altitudes ranging from 2,000 to 10,000 ft above sea level, the areas where they live can get as warm as 38 °C in the summer and as cold as −37 °C in the winter. As prairie dogs live in areas prone to environmental threats, including hailstorms, blizzards, burrows help prairie dogs control their body temperature as they are 5–10 °C during the winter and 15–25 °C in the summer. Prairie dog burrows are 5–10 m long and 2–3 m below the ground, the entrance holes are generally 10–30 cm in diameter. Prairie dog burrows can have up to six entrances, sometimes the entrances are simply flat holes in the ground, while at other times they are surrounded by mounds of soil either left as piles or hard packed. Some mounds, known as dome craters, can be as high as 0. 2–0.3 m high, other mounds, known as rim craters, can be as high as 1 m. Dome craters and rim craters serve as observation posts used by the animals to watch for predators and they also protect the burrows from flooding
10.
P.O. Ackley
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Parker Otto Ackley was an American gunsmith, barrel maker, author, columnist, and wildcat cartridge developer. Ackley improved not only standard cartridges, but also other popular wildcats, Ackley began gunsmithing full-time in Oregon in 1936, but was interrupted by World War II. In 1945, he established a new shop in Trinidad, Colorado, for a complete biography read the book, P. O. It duplicates the ballistics of the vaunted 7mm Remington Mag, with 30% less propellant used and he also produced a number of experimental cartridges, not intended to be practical, but rather to test the limits of firearms. One of these cartridges was the.22 Eargesplitten Loudenboomer. This humorously named cartridge was developed by Ackley for Bob Hutton of Guns & Ammo magazine, ackleys loads only managed 4,600 ft/s, firing a 50-grain bullet. Based on a.378 Weatherby Magnum case, the case is impractically over-capacity for the bore diameter, the advent of new slower-burning smokeless powders may have changed the equation, but in a cartridge case that routinely holds over 100-grains of powder, it is hardly worth the effort. NOTE, The term Ackley Improved has been applied by various gunsmiths conceptually to many cartridges not extant during P. O. To accomplish this, the chamber for a rimless bottle necked improved cartridge must be shorter in the body than the original so that there is no headspace when the round is chambered
11.
.308 Winchester
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The.308 Winchester is a rimless, bottlenecked rifle cartridge and is the commercial cartridge from which the 7. 62×51mm NATO round was derived. The.308 Winchester was introduced in 1952, two prior to the NATO adoption of the 7. 62×51mm NATO T65. Winchester branded the cartridge and introduced it to the hunting market as the.308 Winchester. Winchesters Model 70 and Model 88 rifles were chambered for the new cartridge. Since then, the.308 Winchester has become the most popular short-action and it is also commonly used for civilian hunting, target shooting, Metallic Silhouette, bench rest target shooting, palma, metal matches and military sniping, and police sharpshooting. The relatively short case makes the.308 Winchester especially well-adapted for short-action rifles, when loaded with a bullet that expands, tumbles, or fragments in tissue, this cartridge is capable of high terminal performance. Their interchange is, however, considered safe by the Sporting Arms, the.308 Winchester has 3.64 ml cartridge case capacity. The exterior shape of the case was designed to promote reliable case feeding and extraction in bolt action rifles and machine guns alike, all dimensions in millimeters and inches. Americans would define the angle at alpha/2 =20 degrees. The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 305 mm,4 grooves, Ø lands =7.62 mm, Ø grooves =7.82 mm, land width =4.47 mm and the primer type is large rifle. Rulings the.308 Winchester can handle up to 415.00 MPa Pmax piezo pressure, regulated countries every rifle cartridge combo has to be proofed at 125% of this maximum C. I. P. pressure to certify for sale to consumers. This means that.308 Winchester chambered arms in C. I. P, regulated countries are currently proof tested at 519.00 MPa PE piezo pressure. North American SAAMI maximum pressure for the 308 Winchester is 62,000 PSI, the.308 Winchester is one of the most popular hunting cartridges in the United States, and possibly the world. It has gained popularity in countries as an exceptional cartridge for game in the medium- to large-sized class. In North America it is used extensively on whitetail deer, pronghorn, clay Harvey, an American gun writer, says it is usable on moose and elk. Layne Simpson, an American who has hunted in Sweden, says he is surprised how many hunters there use the cartridge, craig Boddington was told by a Norma Precision executive that the.308 is one of Normas best-selling calibers. In Africa the.308 Win is one of the most popular calibers among Bushveld hunters and is used on anything from duiker right up to the massive eland. The.308 Winchester has slightly more drop at range than the. 30-06 Springfield
