1.
Revolver
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A revolver is a repeating handgun that has a revolving cylinder containing multiple chambers and at least one barrel for firing. Revolvers might be regarded as a subset of pistols, or as a subset of handguns. Though the term revolver usually only refers to handguns, other firearms may also have a revolving chamber and these include some models of grenade launchers, shotguns, and rifles. Most revolvers contain five or six rounds in the cylinder, though the original name was revolving gun, the short-hand revolver is universally used. The revolver allows the user to fire multiple rounds without reloading, each time the user cocks the hammer, the cylinder revolves to align the next chamber and round with the hammer and barrel, which gives this type of firearm its name. In a single-action revolver, the user pulls the back with his free hand or thumb. In a double-action revolver, pulling the trigger moves the back, then releases it. Loading and unloading a double-action revolver requires the operator to swing out the cylinder and insert the proper ammunition, the first guns with multichambered cylinders that revolved to feed one barrel were made in the late 16th century in Europe. They were expensive and rare curiosities, not until the 19th century would revolvers become common weapons of industrial production. One of the first was a flintlock revolver patented by Elisha Collier in 1814, the first percussion revolver was made by Lenormand of Paris in 1820 and the first percussion cap revolver was invented by the Italian Francesco Antonio Broccu in 1833. He received a prize of 300 francs for his invention, although he did not patent it, however, in 1835 a similar handgun was patented by Samuel Colt, who would go on to make the first mass-produced revolver. The first cartridge revolvers were produced around 1854 by Eugene Lefaucheux, revolvers soon became standard for nearly all uses. In the early 20th century, semi-automatic pistols were developed, which can hold more rounds, Automatic pistols also have a flat profile, more suitable for concealed carry. Automatic pistols have almost completely replaced revolvers in military and law enforcement use, revolvers still remain popular as back-up and off-duty handguns among American law enforcement officers and security guards. Also, revolvers are still common in the American private sector as defensive, in the development of firearms, an important limiting factor was the time it took to reload the weapon after it was fired. While the user was reloading, the weapon was useless, several approaches to the problem of increasing the rate of fire were developed, the earliest being multi-barrelled weapons which allowed two or more shots without reloading. Later weapons featured multiple barrels revolving along a single axis, the earliest examples of what today is called a revolver were made in Germany in the late 16th century. These weapons featured a barrel with a revolving cylinder holding the powder
2.
Cartridge (firearms)
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Military and commercial producers continue to pursue the goal of caseless ammunition. A cartridge without a bullet is called a blank, One that is completely inert is called a dummy. Some artillery ammunition uses the same concept as found in small arms. In other cases, the shell is separate from the propellant charge. In popular use, the bullet is often misused to refer to a complete cartridge. The cartridge case seals a firing chamber in all directions excepting the bore, a firing pin strikes the primer and ignites it. The primer compound deflagrates, it does not detonate, a jet of burning gas from the primer ignites the propellant. Gases from the burning powder pressurize and expand the case to seal it against the chamber wall and these propellant gases push on the bullet base. In response to pressure, the bullet will move in the path of least resistance which is down the bore of the barrel. After the bullet leaves the barrel, the pressure drops to atmospheric pressure. The case, which had been expanded by chamber pressure. This eases removal of the case from the chamber, brass is a commonly used case material because it is resistant to corrosion. A brass case head can be work-hardened to withstand the pressures of cartridges. The neck and body portion of a case is easily annealed to make the case ductile enough to allow reforming so that it can be reloaded many times. Steel is used in some plinking ammunition, as well as in military ammunition. Steel is less expensive than brass, but it is not feasible to reload, Military forces typically consider small arms cartridge cases to be disposable, one-time-use devices. However, case weight affects how much ammunition a soldier can carry, conversely, steel is more susceptible to contamination and damage so all such cases are varnished or otherwise sealed against the elements. One downside caused by the strength of steel in the neck of these cases is that propellant gas can blow back past the neck
3.
.32 S&W Long
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The.32 S&W Long is a straight-walled, centerfire, rimmed handgun cartridge, based on the earlier.32 S&W cartridge. It was introduced in 1896 for Smith & Wessons first-model Hand Ejector revolver, Colt called it the.32 Colt New Police in revolvers it made chambered for the cartridge. The.32 S&W Long was introduced in 1896 with the companys first hand ejector revolver, the.32 Long is simply a lengthened version of the earlier.32 S&W. The hand ejector design has evolved some, but with its swing out cylinder on a crane, has been the basis for every S&W revolver designed since, in 1896, the cartridge was loaded with black powder. In 1903 the small hand ejector was updated with a new design, the cartridge stayed the same, but was now loaded with smokeless powder to roughly the same chamber pressure. When he was the New York City Police Commissioner, Theodore Roosevelt standardized the use of the Colt New Police revolver. The cartridge was adopted by several other northeastern U. S. police departments. The.32 Long is well known as an accurate cartridge. This reputation led Police Commissioner Roosevelt to select it as an expedient way to increase accuracy with their revolvers in New York City. The Colt company referred to the.32 S&W Long cartridge as the.32 Colts New Police cartridge, concurrent with the conversion of the Colt New Police revolver from.32 Long Colt. The cartridges are identical with the exception that the.32 NP cartridge has been historically loaded with a flat nosed bullet as opposed to the round nose of the.32 S&W Long. In the United States, it is usually older revolvers which are chambered in this caliber, the cartridge has mostly fallen out of use due to smaller revolvers chambered in.38 S&W Special being more effective for self-defense. The sporting variant of the Manurhin MR73, also known as MR32, is chambered in.32 S&W Long. The IOF.32 Revolver manufactured by the Ordnance Factories Organization in India for civilian licence holders is chambered for this cartridge. The.32 S&W Long headspaces on the rim and shares the rim dimensions and case and bullet diameters of the shorter.32 S&W cartridge, the shorter.32 S&W may be fired in handguns chambered for the.32 S&W Long, and the. The.32 S&W Long and.32 Long Colt are not interchangeable, at one time it was widely publicized that these rounds would interchange, but in truth it has never been deemed safe to do so. List of handgun cartridges Table of handgun and rifle cartridges 8 mm caliber S&W Model 30
4.
Rim (firearms)
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A rim is an external flange that is machined, cast, molded, stamped or pressed around the bottom of a firearms cartridge. Thus, rimmed cartridges are sometimes called flanged cartridges, almost all cartridges feature an extractor or headspacing rim, in spite of the fact that some cartridges are known as rimless cartridges. These types are rimmed, rimless, semi-rimmed, rebated rim and these categories describe the size of the rim in relation to the base of the case. The rimmed cartridge, sometimes called flanged cartridge, is the oldest of the types and has a rim that is larger in diameter than the base of the cartridge. Rimmed cartridges use the rim to hold the cartridge in the chamber of the firearm, because the rimmed cartridge headspaces on the rim, the case length is of less importance than rimless cartridges. This allows some firearms chambered for similar rimmed cartridges to safely chamber and fire shorter cartridges, rimmed cartridges are well suited to certain types of actions, such as revolvers, where the rim helps hold the cartridge in position, and break-action firearms. Semi-automatic handguns have been chambered in rimmed cartridges as well, for example a LAR Grizzly or Desert Eagle in.357 or.44 Magnum, under the metric cartridge designation system, a capitalized R added at the end of the designation denotes a rimmed cartridge. For example,7. 62×54mmR is a cartridge, while 7. 62×51mm is a rimless cartridge.45 Auto Rim. Examples of rimmed handgun cartridges include the.38 Special.357 Magnum, rimmed rifle cartridge examples include the.22 Hornet.303 British and 7. 62×54mmR. Rimless cases are not well suited to break-open and revolver actions, though they can be used with modifications, such as a spring-loaded extractor or, in a revolver. Crimping affects the length of the cartridge, and thus cannot be used on cartridges which headspace on the case mouth. Examples of rimless handgun cartridges include the 9mm Parabellum.40 S&W, rimless rifle examples include the.223 Remington.308 Winchester. 30-06 Springfield and 7. 92×57mm Mauser. On a semi-rimmed case the rim projects slightly beyond the base of the case, the tiny rim provides minimal interference feeding from a box magazine, while still providing enough surface to headspace on. Semi-rimmed cases are less common than the other types, if the chamber is cut shallow, so the case headspaces off the mouth, the rim is used for extraction only, a standard chamber will use the rim for both headspacing and extraction. Examples of more commonly encountered rimless handgun cartridges are.25 ACP.32 ACP and.38 ACP, while the.308 Marlin Express.338 Marlin Express and.444 Marlin are rifle cartridges that are semi-rimmed. Rebated rim cartridges have a rim that is smaller in diameter than the base of the case. Functionally the same as a case, the rebated rim provides some additional benefits when considered in conjunction with other cartridges. One example of a rebated rim cartridge is the.50 Action Express, by using the same rim dimensions as the.44 Magnum, a Desert Eagle could be converted from.44 Magnum to.50 AE by merely changing the barrel and magazine
5.
Bullet
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The word bullet is a firearm term. A bullet is a projectile expelled from the barrel of a firearm, the term is from Middle French and originated as the diminutive of the word boulle which means small ball. Bullets are made of a variety of materials and they are available singly as they would be used in muzzle loading and cap and ball firearms, as part of a paper cartridge, and much more commonly as a component of metallic cartridges. Bullets are made in a numbers of styles and constructions depending on how they will be used. Many bullets have specialized functions, such as hunting, target shooting, training, defense, a bullet is not a cartridge. In paper and metallic cartridges a bullet is one component of the cartridge, bullet sizes are expressed by their weight and diameter in both English and Metric measurement systems. For example.22 caliber 55 grain bullets or 5. 56mm 55 grain bullets are the same caliber, the word bullet is often used colloquially to refer to a cartridge, which is a combination of the bullet, paper or metallic case/shell, powder, and primer. This use of bullet, when cartridge is intended, leads to confusion when the components of a cartridge are discussed or intended, the bullets used in many cartridges are fired at a muzzle velocity faster than the speed of sound. Meaning they are supersonic and thus can travel a substantial distance, bullet speed through air depends on a number of factors such as barometric pressure, humidity, air temperature, and wind speed. Subsonic cartridges fire bullets slower than the speed of sound and so there is no sonic crack and this means that a subsonic cartridge such as.45 ACP can be effectively suppressed to be substantially quieter than a supersonic cartridge such as the.223 Remington. Bullets do not normally contain explosives, but damage the target by impact. The first use of gunpowder in Europe was recorded in 1247 and it had been used in China for hundreds of years. Later in 1364 hand cannon appeared, early projectiles were made of stone. Stone was used in cannon and hand cannon, in cannon it was eventually found that stone would not penetrate stone fortifications which gave rise to the use of heavier metals for the round projectiles. Hand cannon projectiles developed in a similar following the failure of stone from siege cannon. The first recorded instance of a ball from a hand cannon penetrating armor occurred in 1425. In this photograph of shot retrieved from the wreck of the Mary Rose which was sunk in 1545, the round shot are clearly of different sizes and some are stone while others are cast iron. The development of the hand culverin and matchlock arquebus brought about the use of cast lead balls as projectiles, bullet is derived from the French word boulette, which roughly means little ball
6.
Primer (firearms)
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In firearm ballistics, the primer is a component of pistol, rifle, and shotgun rounds. Early primers were simply the same black powder used to fire the weapon and this external powder was connected though a tube in the barrel that led to the main charge. As powder wont burn when wet, this led to difficulty, or even the inability, modern primers are shock sensitive chemicals. In smaller weapons the primer is usually integrated into the rear of a cartridge, in larger weapons like cannon the primer is a separate component placed inside the barrel to the rear of the main propellant charge. The first step to firing a firearm of any sort is igniting the propellant, the earliest firearms were cannons, which were simple closed tubes. There was an aperture, the touchhole, drilled in the closed end of the tube. This hole was filled with finely ground powder, which was ignited with a hot ember or torch. With the advent of firearms, this became an undesirable way of firing a gun. The first attempt to make the process of firing a small arm easier was the matchlock, the matchlock incorporated a lock that was actuated by a trigger, originally called a tricker. The lock was a lever which pivoted when pulled. The match was a burning fuse made of plant fibers that were soaked in a solution of nitrates, charcoal, and sulfur. This slow-match was ignited before the gun was needed, and it would slowly burn, after the gun was loaded and the touchhole primed with powder, the burning tip of the match was positioned so that the lock would bring it into contact with the touchhole. To fire the gun, it was aimed and the trigger pulled and this brought the match down to the touchhole, igniting the powder. With careful attention the slow-burning match could be burning for long periods of time. The next revolution in technology was the wheel-lock. It used a spring-loaded, serrated steel wheel which rubbed against a piece of iron pyrite, a key was used to wind the wheel and put the spring under tension. Once tensioned, the wheel was held in place by a trigger, when the trigger was pulled, the serrated edge of the steel rubbed against the pyrite, generating sparks. These sparks were directed into a pan, called the flash pan, the flashpan usually was protected by a spring-loaded cover that would slide out of the way when the trigger was pulled, exposing the powder to the sparks
7.
Cartridge (weaponry)
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Military and commercial producers continue to pursue the goal of caseless ammunition. A cartridge without a bullet is called a blank, One that is completely inert is called a dummy. Some artillery ammunition uses the same concept as found in small arms. In other cases, the shell is separate from the propellant charge. In popular use, the bullet is often misused to refer to a complete cartridge. The cartridge case seals a firing chamber in all directions excepting the bore, a firing pin strikes the primer and ignites it. The primer compound deflagrates, it does not detonate, a jet of burning gas from the primer ignites the propellant. Gases from the burning powder pressurize and expand the case to seal it against the chamber wall and these propellant gases push on the bullet base. In response to pressure, the bullet will move in the path of least resistance which is down the bore of the barrel. After the bullet leaves the barrel, the pressure drops to atmospheric pressure. The case, which had been expanded by chamber pressure. This eases removal of the case from the chamber, brass is a commonly used case material because it is resistant to corrosion. A brass case head can be work-hardened to withstand the pressures of cartridges. The neck and body portion of a case is easily annealed to make the case ductile enough to allow reforming so that it can be reloaded many times. Steel is used in some plinking ammunition, as well as in military ammunition. Steel is less expensive than brass, but it is not feasible to reload, Military forces typically consider small arms cartridge cases to be disposable, one-time-use devices. However, case weight affects how much ammunition a soldier can carry, conversely, steel is more susceptible to contamination and damage so all such cases are varnished or otherwise sealed against the elements. One downside caused by the strength of steel in the neck of these cases is that propellant gas can blow back past the neck
8.
H&R Firearms
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H&R1871, LLC is a manufacturer of firearms under the Harrington & Richardson and New England Firearms trademarks. H&R is a subsidiary of the Freedom Group, the original H&R firm was in business for over a century from 1871 to 1986. Frank Wesson, brother of Daniel B, Wesson who co-founded Smith & Wesson, started a firearms manufacturing firm in 1859, sharing an early patent with Nathan Harrington. Wesson produced two trigger rifles and spur trigger pistols and pocket rifles/shotguns popular for short length holster models such as the discontinued topper compact pocket shotguns. He started a partnership in 1871 with his nephew Gilbert Henderson Harrington, as Wesson & Harrington. In 1875 Harrington and another former Wesson employee, William Augustus Richardson, in 1888 the firm was incorporated as The Harrington & Richardson Arms Company. Their original capital investment was $75,000, Harrington was president, Richardson was treasurer, and George F. Brooks was secretary. After the deaths of Harrington and Richardson in 1897, Brooks became the manager, in 1894 the company opened a new facility on Park Avenue in Worcester, Massachusetts. The factory was expanded again after a few years, the firearms produced through this time to 1911 carry extreme value as original antiquities. Original rifles and shotguns from these dates are scarce because of their limited production, in 1950 the company opened a new facility on Cockburn street in Drummondville, Québec, Canada. In the 1960s H&R was acquired by the Kidde corporation and run by the Rowe family, warranty cards were sent to Industrial Rowe, Gardner, Massachusetts. The original H&R company went out of business in 1986, a new company, H&R1871, Inc. was formed in 1991 and started production of revolvers, single-shot rifles and shotguns using original H&R designs. H&R1871, Inc. assets were sold to H&R1871. A Connecticut LLC owned by Marlin Firearms Company in November 2000, H&R1871, LLC. did not extend their product warranty to H&R guns made prior to the LLCs takeover. Marlin, including all its H&R assets, was acquired by Remington Arms Company in December,2007. H&R1871, LLC production was moved to Ilion, N. Y. in late 2008, while their corporate offices are co-located with Remington Arms in Madison, Remington, along with its Marlin and H&R subsidiaries, are now part of the Freedom Group. H&R1871 production ceased 27 February 2015, the Wesson & Harrington company was at 18 Manchester Street, Worcester, Mass. from 1871 until 1877. The Harrington & Richardson company was located at 31 Hermon Street, Worcester, William Richardson lived at 921 Main Street in Worcester
9.
Federal Premium Ammunition
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Federal Premium Ammunition, a wholly owned subsidiary of Vista Outdoor Inc. is located in Anoka, Minnesota. With a work force of nearly 1,500, Federal manufactures shotshell, centerfire, on April 27,1922, Charles L. Horn took control of a small plant in Anoka, Minnesota and refounded Federal Cartridge Corporation. Horn launched a plan that involved merchandising Federal products in grocery stores, barbers shops. In 1941, Federal earned a contract from the U. S. government to build. Federal ranked 59th among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts, Horn introduced Federals Premium line of centerfire rifle and shotshell ammunition. Federal also owned Hoffman Engineering, a company that made electronic enclosures, in 1985, Federal was sold to a group of private investors including Kelso & Company, BancBoston Capital, and members of management. The two companies were united under the name Federal-Hoffman, Inc and taken private during the sale, Federal-Hoffman have since split, and Federal is currently owned by Vista Outdoor. Vista Outdoor group, formerly a group of outdoor and sporting companies owned by Alliant Techsystems, was spun off from Alliant Techsystems in February 2015, Federal Cartridge does business today as Federal Premium Ammunition. The HST380 Auto Micro was designed for self-defense and use in small pistols such as the Smith & Wesson Bodyguard and it has a nickel-plated casing and special primer that improve its reliability in semi-automatic handguns. It weighs 99 grains and has a deep, tapered hollow-point in order to provide consistent expansion and this ammunition does not meet the FBI Ammunition Testing Protocol. Using the same sized test barrel, it measures 235 foot-pounds of muzzle energy, hydra-Shok is a type of cartridge with expanding bullets made by. It was originally patented by Federal Premium bullet designer Tom Burczynski, hydra-Shok was introduced in 1988 after the FBI requested a bullet with better terminal ballistics than traditional cup and core projectiles. Hydra-Shok ammunition has a patented center-post design and notched jacket with a lead core. Together they are meant to more reliable expansion and deeper penetration than the other projectiles used at that time. Federal Premium claims that the jacket and center post design provide a programmed expansion. There has been debate regarding the bullets unreliable expansion when fired through clothing or media other than ballistic gelatin. Federal Premium announced a. 30-30 Winchester version of its Vital-Shok Trophy Copper ammunition for medium-sized game in August 2015 and these bullets are tipped with polymer inserts in order to effect rapid expansion and retain 99 percent of their mass after expanding. The one percent loss of mass is due mostly to shedding the polymer tip, the case of this cartridge is nickel-plated to make extraction easier and prevent corrosion
10.
.32 ACP
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.32 ACP, also known as the.32 Automatic is a centerfire pistol cartridge. It is a semi-rimmed, straight-walled cartridge developed by firearms designer John Browning and it was introduced in 1899 by Fabrique Nationale, and is also known as the 7. 65×17mmSR Browning or 7.65 mm Browning Short. John Browning engineered a number of modern semi-automatic pistol mechanisms and cartridges, as his first pistol cartridge, the.32 ACP needed a straight wall for reliable blowback operation as well as a small rim for reliable feeding from a box magazine. The cartridge headspaces on the rim, the cartridge was a success and was adopted by dozens of countries and countless governmental agencies. The popularity of the.32 ACP in the half of the 20th century cannot be overstated—especially in Europe. Firearms expert Geoffrey Boothroyd of the UK informed author Ian Fleming, his countryman, a significant factor in recommending this round was its near universal availability throughout the world in the 1950s. To avoid patent infringement John Pedersen designed the Remington Model 51 so as to not to rely on any other, the.32 ACP has been chambered in more handguns than any other cartridge. Between 1899 and 1909, Fabrique Nationale produced 500,000 guns chambered for.32 ACP, heckler & Koch produced the HK4, their first handgun, in 1967. Twelve thousand HK4 pistols were produced in.32 ACP for the German police, the.32 ACP was intended for blowback semi-automatic pistols which lacked a breech locking mechanism. It was John Pedersen with the Remington Model 51 that delivered a true locked breech for the.32 ACP cartridge, the relatively low power and light bullet of the cartridge allowed Browning to incorporate a practical blowback mechanism in a small pocket-size pistol. It is still used primarily in compact, inexpensive pistols. The.32 ACP is compact and light, while some believe it has marginal stopping power, it has been used effectively by military and police worldwide for the past century. Weapons chambered in it are often valued for their compactness, although.32 ACP handguns were traditionally made of steel, they have been produced in light weight polymers since the 1990s. Their light weight, very low recoil and very good relative to larger caliber pistols make them suitable for concealed carry use. Some popular pistols chambered in.32 ACP are the Walther PP and the Walther PPK as well as the FEG PA-63, which is a clone of the Walther PP. It offers more velocity and energy than the.32 S&W, although of lighter bullet weight, the.32 ACP also compares favorably to the.32 S&W Long in performance. Some European 73 grain.32 ACP loads provides similar performance to the.32 H&R Magnum 77 grain lead flat point and 90 grain lead semiwadcutter, the.32 ACP is one of the most common calibers used in veterinary humane killers, such as the Greener Humane Killer. Given that a.22 LR can penetrate bone, the higher power.32 ACP can easily penetrate a skull with a muzzle-contact shot
11.
.32-20 Winchester
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The. 32-20 Winchester, also known as.32 WCF, was the first small-game lever-action cartridge that Winchester produced. It was initially introduced as a cartridge in 1882 for small-game, varmint hunting. Colt produced a revolver chambered for this cartridge a few years later. The name. 32-20 refers to the 32 caliber bullet of. 312-inch-diameter, although the. 32-20 cartridge was occasionally used for deer hunting in the past, many now consider it too light and low-powered for deer, it is much better suited to small game. It has a reputation for accuracy in rifles as well as the few handguns that have been chambered for it. Because of its low power, it very little meat, making it a good hunting round for appropriately sized game. The cartridge is now approaching obsolescence, as shooters turn to other similar but more powerful, the power level of more modern. 32s, such as the.32 H&R Magnum and the.327 Federal, equal or surpass the. 32-20 in modern firearms. Although it is a cartridge to reload, care must be taken by the reloader because of the extremely thin walls of the cartridge case. Energy and pressure levels for handloading are determined based on the strength, because most firearms chambered for this cartridge are older factory ammunition usually has reduced pressures from what can be achieved through handloading. Most factory ammunition exhibits ballistics of about 1,200 ft/s and 325 ft·lbf of energy at the muzzle with a 100-grain bullet from an 18 to 20 inch rifle barrel. Factory-type loads - and reloads mimicking factory type loads - are the maximum loads for use in older weapons chambered for this cartridge. Few if any companies still manufacture hunting weapons in this caliber, the. 25-20 Winchester cartridge is simply a necked-down version of the. 32-20. In addition, the.218 Bee was created using the. 32-20 as its parent cartridge, the. 32-20 has been used to create usable ammunition for the Nagant M1895. This is accomplished by removing.01 from the rim thickness, the ammunition produced is functional and easy to reload, however. 32-20 brass does not provide a gas seal as it is not long enough to protrude past the Nagant cylinder. It can also be used to create 8mm French Ordnance ammunition for use in the Modèle 1892 revolver. Currently, the. 32-20 is used and modified by shooters in the UK and Australia for the.310 Cadet cartridge, modifications involve length resizing, reducing the neck thickness, and in most cases reducing the rim thickness. Due to the.310 using a projectile, the neck thickness of the. 32-20 has to be reamed down from 0.007 to 0.005. Most.310 cadet chambered rifles need to have the rim of the. 32-20 case reduced from 0.065 to 0.038, to allow proper head spacing and operation of rifle
12.
.38 Special
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The.38 Smith & Wesson Special is a rimmed, centerfire cartridge designed by Smith & Wesson. It is most commonly used in revolvers, although some semi-automatic pistols, in other parts of the world, it is known by its metric designation of 9×29. 5mmR or 9. 1×29mmR. Noted for its accuracy and manageable recoil, the.38 Special remains the most popular cartridge in the world more than a century after its introduction. It is used for shooting, formal target competition, personal defense. Despite its name, the caliber of the.38 Special cartridge is actually. 357–.358 inches, except for case length, the.38 Special is identical to the.38 Short Colt.38 Long Colt, and.357 Magnum. This allows the.38 Special round to be fired in revolvers chambered for the.357 Magnum. Upon its introduction, the.38 Special was originally loaded with black powder and this.38 Special variant incorporated a 200 grains round-nosed lead Lubaloy bullet, the.38 Super Police. Remington-Peters also introduced a similar loading, testing revealed that the longer, heavier 200 grains. 357-calibre bullet fired at low velocity tended to keyhole or tumble upon impact, providing more shock effect against unprotected personnel. This cartridge was called the.38 S&W Super Police or the. 38/200, britain would later adopt the. 38/200 as its standard military handgun cartridge. In 1930, Smith & Wesson introduced a large frame.38 Special revolver with a 5-inch barrel and fixed sights intended for police use, the following year, a new high-power loading called the. That same year, Colt Firearms announced that their Colt Official Police would also handle high-speed.38 Special loadings, the. 38/44 high-speed cartridge came in three bullet weights,158 grains,150 and 110 grains, with either coated lead or steel jacket, metal-piercing bullets. The media attention gathered by the. 38/44 and its ammunition eventually led Smith & Wesson to develop a new cartridge with a longer case length in 1934—this was the.357 Magnum. During World War II, some U. S. aircrew were issued.38 Special S&W Victory revolvers as sidearms in the event of a forced landing, the new military.38 Special loading propelled its 158 grains bullet at a standard 850 ft/s from a 4-inch revolver barrel. During the war, many U. S. naval and marine aircrew were also issued red-tipped.38 Special tracer rounds using either a 120 or 158 gr bullet for emergency signaling purposes. In 1956, the U. S. Air Force adopted the Cartridge, Caliber.38, Ball M41, a military variant of the.38 Special cartridge designed to conform to the rules of land warfare. By 1961, a slightly revised M41.38 cartridge specification known as the Cartridge, Caliber.38 Ball, Special, a variant of the standard M41 cartridge with a semi-pointed, unjacketed lead bullet was later adopted for CONUS police and security personnel. At the same time.38 tracer cartridges were reintroduced by the US Navy, Marines, tracer cartridges in.38 Special caliber of different colors were issued, generally as part of a standard aircrew survival vest kit. A request for more powerful.38 Special ammunition for use by Air Police and security personnel resulted in the Caliber.38 Special, Ball, in 1972, the Federal Bureau of Investigation introduced a new.38 +P loading that became known as the FBI Load
13.
.327 Federal Magnum
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The.327 Federal Magnum is actually a super magnum having replaced the.32 H&R Magnum as the pinnacle of power in this diameter revolver cartridge. First introduced by Federal Cartridge company, the.327 Federal Magnum is an attempt to improve on the.32 H&R Magnum introduced in 1984. Like the.32 H&R Magnum, the.327 Federal Magnum is a lengthened, magnum version of the original.32 S&W cartridge, which dates back to 1878. The.32 S&W was a powder cartridge developed by the Union Metallic Cartridge Company with a case length of 0.61 in. In 1896, the.32 S&W Long was introduced, which had a length of 0.920 in. The introduction of the.32 H&R Magnum nearly a century later increased the length to 1.075 in and increased pressures from 15,000 psi to 21,000 CUP. However, the.32 H&R Magnum cartridge failed to attract much interest from gun owners, while felt recoil exceeds that of the.32 H&R magnum, revolvers in.327 Federal Magnum are much easier to control than equivalent models chambered in.357 Magnum. Comparing the two calibers, Chuck Hawks says, There is no doubt that, for most shooters, the.357 Mag. produces uncomfortable recoil and muzzle blast. ATK recoil figures for the.327 Mag. show free recoil energies of 3.08 ft·lbf. for the 85 grain JHP factory load,5.62 ft·lbf for the 115 grain JHP load and 5.58 ft·lbf for the 100 grain SP load. For comparison, ATK figures are 1.46 ft·lbf for the 85 grain.32 H&R Mag. load and 7.22 ft·lbf for the 125 grain.357 Mag. load. Revolvers in.327 Federal Magnum were initially offered by Charter Arms, Taurus, Ruger, the stainless steel Ruger SP101 was originally selected as the development platform for the new cartridge. Freedom Arms made a design, as did U. S. Fire Arms with its 8-shot Sparrowhawk, Ruger offered the double-action 6-shot SP101 and 7-shot GP100, and the full-sized single-action 8-shot Blackhawk, revolvers chambered in.327 Federal Magnum. A version of the Ruger SP101 with a 3 1/16 barrel chambered in the.327 Federal Magnum was released in January 2008, Ruger, U. S. Firearms, and Freedom Arms discontinued these models by the end of 2013. Smith & Wessons Model 632 has also been discontinued, in late 2014, Ruger introduced the smaller-framed Ruger Single-Seven, a 7-shot single-action.327 Federal Magnum revolver based on the Single-Six. In March,2015, Ruger re-introduced the SP101 in.327 Federal Magnum, the current version of the SP101 features fully adjustable sights and a longer 4.2 barrel. In September 2015, Ruger also introduced the LCR in.327 Federal Magnum, in early 2017, Henry Repeating Arms announced production of four new lever-action long guns, with shipping scheduled to begin in March. Firearms author Chuck Hawks suggests that lever-action carbines in.327 Mag, another similar cartridge is the.30 Carbine, which has been offered in Rugers single-action Blackhawk revolver line since 1968
14.
.357 Magnum
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The.357 S&W Magnum, or simply.357 Magnum, is a revolver cartridge with a. 357-inch bullet diameter. It was created by Elmer Keith, Phillip B, Wesson of firearms manufacturers Smith & Wesson and Winchester. It is based upon Smith & Wessons earlier.38 Special cartridge, the.357 Magnum cartridge was introduced in 1934, and its use has since become widespread. This cartridge started the Magnum era of handgun ammunition, the.357 Magnum cartridge is notable for its stopping power. The.357 Magnum was collaboratively developed over a period in the early to mid-1930s by a group of individuals in a response to Colts.38 Super Automatic. Tests at the revealed that those vests defeated any handgun cartridge traveling at less than about 1,000 feet per second. Colts.38 Super Automatic just edged over that velocity and was able to penetrate car doors and vests that bootleggers and gangsters were employing as cover. Though.38 and.357 would seem to be different diameter chamberings, they are in fact identical, the.38 Special nomenclature relates to the previous use of heeled bullets, which were the same diameter as the case. Thus, the only difference in the two cartridges is a slight difference in length, solely for safety purposes. Much credit for the. 357s early development is given to hunter and experimenter Elmer Keith, the. 38-44 HV load used the. 38-Special cartridge loaded to a much higher velocity than standard. 38-Special ammunition. The. 38-44 revolvers were made by using a.44 Special size gun with the barrel bored to accept. 357-caliber bullets, since the frame, cylinder, and barrel were much stronger than the standard.38 Special components, it was capable of withstanding much higher pressures. The. 38-44 HV round, while no longer available, was in most cases the equal of the later.357 Magnum, which works at more than double the pressure of standard.38 Special. Elmer Keith also contributed the Keith-style bullet, which increased the mass of bullet located outside the cartridge, the Keith bullet also employed a large, flat meplat, thus enabling rapid energy transfer for greater wounding properties. At the same time, this design does not deform like a hollow point. These characteristics of the Keith bullet make it suitable for hunting applications as well as for target shooting. In order to reassert itself as the leading law-enforcement armament provider, Smith & Wesson developed the.357 Magnum, Wesson leading the effort within Smith & Wesson, along with considerable technical assistance from Phillip B. Sharpe, a member of the Technical Division staff of the National Rifle Association, the new round was developed from Smith & Wessons existing.38 Special round. It used a different powder load, and ultimately the case was extended by 1⁄8 inch, the case extension was more a matter of safety than of necessity
15.
Plinking
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Plinking refers to informal target shooting done for pleasure typically at non-standard targets such as tin cans, logs, soda bottles, or any other homemade or naturally occurring target. A person involving in the exercise is colloquially known as a plinkster. In contrast to shooting done at established target ranges, plinking is generally done at home, in a pit, open field. The term plinking is an onomatopoeia of the sharp, metallic sound that a projectile makes when hitting a metal target, the most common calibre used for plinking is the.22 Long Rifle rimfire cartridge, since these rounds are relatively inexpensive and have a low recoil. Abraham Lincoln used to practice plinking as a good and useful pastime, since target ranges generally charge a fee for the use of their facilities, and shooter usually have to buy their own paper targets, going to a target range can cost significantly. Many shooters also find the air to be a much more pleasant shooting environment than the inside of a target range. Plinking can be alone at the individual pace of the shooter, who is free to move around at will, or in a group. The targets themselves that are used are one of the reasons why plinking is popular among gun enthusiasts. A three dimensional target in a setting is much more akin to a real world hunting scenario. A plinking target will also often much more positively to a hit than a paper target will, either with an audible impact. Glossary of firearms terminology List of rifle cartridges Hunting Target shooting Power Plinker - Promoting the benefits of plinking
16.
Overpressure ammunition
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This is done typically to produce rounds with a higher muzzle velocity and stopping power, such as ammunition used for defensive purposes. Because of this, +P ammunition is found in handgun calibers which might be used for defensive purposes. Magnum cartridges, such as.357 Magnum or, for example, the.357 Magnum is slightly longer than the.38 Special, the lower powered round from which it was derived. +P ammunition, however, is identical to standard ammunition of its caliber. This was done when the ammunition manufacturers lowered the pressure of their standard rounds, +P ammunition was designed to replicate the performance of what had been standard pressure cartridges. +P cartridges are not recommended to be used in firearms of questionable quality, the burning characteristics of black powder used in early cartridges meant that these cartridges operated at low pressures, generally under 25,000 psi. With the advent of smokeless powder, which has a far greater energy density than black powder, cartridges such as the. 32-20 Winchester and. 44-40 Winchester were chambered in both revolvers and lever action rifles, and the rifles actions could handle much higher pressures. This led to machine gun only loads in these calibers, which provided far more velocity and energy in the rifles, but were not safe in the revolvers due to the higher pressures they generated. These loads were dropped due to a combination of safety concerns. The first modern smokeless powder cartridge deliberately loaded by a manufacturer to higher than standard pressure was the.38 ACP. This cartridge provided performance similar to other.38 caliber cartridges of the time, like the rifle only loads, the.38 Super could still be chambered in the older.38 ACP guns, producing a dangerous combination. Capable of reaching a muzzle energy of 500 ft/lbs, the.38 Super remains a viable defensive cartridge, though it is most popular in shooting sports such as IPSC. A similar move to a high pressure loading was done on the.38 Special in 1930, producing the. 38-44 HV loadings, official +P pressures are established by the SAAMI for certain cartridges, in general the +P pressure is approximately 10% higher than the standard pressure. SAAMI does not have a +P+ pressure standard, but this indicates a higher than the +P loading. In both cases this is below the pressure of a proof test cartridge, proof pressures are established by the SAAMI, as a percentage of the working pressure, so this places an upper bound on the +P+ pressures of 30–40%. By way of comparison, magnum calibers may be loaded to nearly twice the pressure of the rounds from which they were derived, overpressure rounds are commonly defensive rounds and are loaded by police and others in need of maximum power in a compact firearm. Accordingly, most overpressure rounds are hollow points or other types of expanding ammunition, higher pressure is not the same as high pressure, +P cartridges are generally loaded to pressures far below those typically found in magnum cartridges. Cartridges that are commonly boosted with +P pressures are the 9 mm Luger.45 ACP, and.38 Special, which are all cartridges that date from the early 20th century
17.
Elmer Keith
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Elmer Merrifield Keith was an Idaho rancher, firearms enthusiast, and author. Keith was instrumental in the development of the first magnum revolver cartridge, Keiths trademarks were his cigars, his ten-gallon Stetson, and his outspoken opinions. Keith was an avid hunter in the earliest days of the sport. He was married to Loraine Randall, Elmer Keith was born in Missouri but was raised in Montana, Idaho, and eastern Oregon. In the 1930s and early 1940s, he had a ranch on the North Fork of the Salmon River near Salmon, in the late 1940s, Elmer and Loraine left the ranch and moved into the town of Salmon. During World War II, Keith served as an inspector at the Ogden, the rifles that he inspected were cartouche stamped with the initials OGEK in a rectangular box, on the buttstock. Rifles stamped OGEK without a rectangular box were inspected by Ed Klouser at the same Ogden Arsenal, in The Phantom Of Phu Bai, a biography of USMC Scout Sniper Eric England written by Dr. Joseph B. Turner, one chapter is about Elmer Keith and his influence on the shooting community, the.357 Magnum first became available in 1935 and quickly became a favorite among law enforcement and civilian users. Buying a.357 Magnum revolver gave the all the abilities of the well-established.38 Special. Keiths contributions to the development of the.357 Magnum have been questioned by some writers. The.44 Magnum was developed in much the same way, Keith had earlier determined that the thinner chamber walls of the.45 Colt would not comfortably withstand the pressures generated by his own heavy loads. He therefore started experimenting with the.44 Special revolver, the resulting.44 Special Magnum was a formidable cartridge for handgun hunting, firing a 250 grain bullet at 1,200 ft/s. Keith encouraged Smith & Wesson and Remington to produce a version of this new high pressure loading. The.41 Magnum, released in 1963, was an attempt to reach a middle ground between the.357 and.44 magnums, the.357 Magnum was adequate for hunting deer-sized game, but the limited power meant it needed to be used by a skilled marksman. The.44 Magnum provided far more power, easily taking deer sized game, but recoil and muzzle blast are substantial, at least in the earliest commercial loadings. The.41 Magnum, inspired by the older, obsolete.41 Long Colt cartridge, was intended to more power than the.357 Magnum with less recoil. However, while there was a community of shooters preferring the.41 Magnum. Some police, to whom the.41 Magnum was initially marketed, were happy with the.38 Special or
18.
Headspace (firearms)
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In firearms, headspace is the distance measured from the part of the chamber that stops forward motion of the cartridge to the face of the bolt. Used as a verb, headspace refers to the interference created between this part of the chamber and the feature of the cartridge that achieves the correct positioning, different cartridges have their datum lines in different positions in relation to the cartridge. For example,5.56 NATO ammunition headspaces off the shoulder of the cartridge, if the headspace is too short, ammunition that is in specification may not chamber correctly. If headspace is too large, the ammunition may not fit as intended or designed, the cartridge is said to be rimless if the extractor groove is machined into the head of the case so the rim is the same diameter as the adjacent part of the case. Most modern automatic firearms use rimless cartridges, straight-walled rimless cartridges often headspace on the forward lip of the cartridge as shown in the diagram at the top of this article. This necessitates careful attention to consistent case length, bottle-necked rimless cartridges may headspace on the conical shoulder between the narrow neck and the larger diameter portion of the case. All small arms cartridges have a flange at the base of the case called a rim, the part of the firearm called an extractor claw hooks over the rim to extract the spent case from the chamber after it has been fired. The cartridge is said to be of a type when the rim is of larger diameter than the remainder of the case. Most early cartridges were rimmed, and the ledge at the rear of the chamber prevents the cartridge from moving forward. Headspace for rimmed cartridges is the space between that forward ledge and the face when the action is closed. Some large rimless magnum cartridges have a belt formed above the extractor groove and this belt is of slightly larger diameter than the adjacent case, so the cartridge can headspace from the forward edge of the belt closest to the bullet. The original purpose of the belt was to give accurate headspacing for cartridges with shallow shoulder angles, where longitudinal precision of seating using such a shoulder presents difficulties. In effect this was similar to the function of a rim. Some more or less straight cartridges have no bottleneck to headspace on, such cylindrical shaped cartridge cases use the case mouth as a forward positioned flange used for headspacing. There are four types of control to consider based on the case type used. This style of case relies on the face of the case neck. It is from this circular conic section face, as a datum, examples include.308 Winchester.223 Remington, and 7. 92×57mm Mauser. For a rimmed case, where the rim extends beyond the diameter of the case, such as with.22 Long Rifle. 30-30 Winchester, a rimmed case can have straight, tapered, or bottlenecked case walls
19.
.32 S&W
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The.32 S&W cartridge was introduced in 1878 for the Smith & Wesson Model 1 1/2 revolver and shouldnt be confused with the. 32ACP/7. 65×17mmSR Browning. It was originally designed as a powder cartridge. The.32 S&W was offered to the public as a light, defense cartridge, originally designed by the Union Metallic Cartridge Co. as a black powder cartridge using 9 grains of blackpowder, the round has been loaded with smokeless powder exclusively since 1907. It is low powered and perfect for use in small frame concealable revolvers and derringers, the round remained popular in the United States and Europe long after the firearms chambered for it were out of production. At one time it was considered to be the minimum for a self-defense round but was judged unsuitable for police work. These cartridges include the.25 ACP, and the.22 Short, Long, and Long Rifle. For comparison, the minuscule.32 S&W projectile, is over 40% larger in diameter, the.32 S&Ws velocity of approximately 700fps was very close to the.22 long rifles performance from a sub-3in barrel but with this larger diameter and better sectional density. Although the.32 S&Ws round nose bullet was less than optimal for defense and this performance made the.32 S&W, sometimes referred to as.32 Short, very popular as a gentlemans vest gun. The.32 S&W Long cartridge is derived from the.32 S&W, by increasing the overall case length. Leon Czolgosz used an Iver Johnson revolver chambered in.32 S&W to assassinate President William McKinley on September 6,1901, McKinley was shot twice in the abdomen at close range, and although he did not die immediately he eventually succumbed to gangrene on September 14
20.
Dan Wesson Firearms
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Dan Wesson Firearms, part of CZ-USA, is an American handgun manufacturer. The corporate headquarters is in Kansas City, Kansas, and the service and manufacturing plant is located in Norwich. Dan Wesson Firearms is known for its expertise and for some types of ammunition it has introduced over the years. Wesson II was the great-grandson of one of the founders of Smith & Wesson and he earned his degree in Material Science and Metallurgy and controlled the quality of his production strictly. After the purchase of Smith & Wesson by the Bangor-Punta manufacturing concern, Wesson set out to open his own manufacturing operation in order to produce high quality, American made revolvers for service as well as competition use. Dan Wesson Arms was incorporated in 1968, with its headquarters and production located in a school building in Monson. Wesson was aware of gunmaker Karl Lewis modular designs which had proposed during Lewis tenure with Browning. Wesson signed a agreement with Lewis, and began setting up the necessary machining and manufacturing equipment. The new Dan Wesson revolver proved to be accurate, though sales were limited - in large part due to the guns unorthodox appearance. After reworking the design to improve its aesthetics and correct some detail faults, Wesson introduced the model as the Model 15 in.357 Magnum. A large framed version in.44 Magnum caliber was introduced in 1980, later, Dan Wesson offered revolvers in stainless steel as well. Barrels and shrouds were constructed of chrome moly steel, despite the success of the revised design and new caliber offerings, Dan Wesson Arms experienced significant upheaval and ownership changes after Wessons death in 1978. The original Monson facility and production equipment became outdated, and production costs of the gun reduced profits, the company declared bankruptcy in 1990. The corporation was initially moved to Palmer Massachusetts, and the name was changed to Dan Wesson Firearms. In 1995, poor sales led to yet another bankruptcy, after which Bob Serva purchased the corporation and its assets, moving the group to Norwich, New York, where it is currently located. Seeking to diversify its line, the company introduced a popular series of high quality M1911A1-type pistols in various calibers. Dan Wesson revolvers also went back into limited production, though required a substantial investment in new CNC tooling. Despite increased sales, the company faced financial hardships
21.
Charter Arms
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Charter Arms Co. is an American manufacturer of revolvers. The original Charter Arms produced revolvers chambered in calibers.22 Long Rifle.22 Winchester Magnum.32 Long.32 H&R Magnum.327 Federal Magnum.357 Magnum.38 Special and.44 Special. The most famous revolvers manufactured by Charter Arms are the.44 Special Bulldog, douglas McClenahan, a young gun designer who had previously worked for Colt, High Standard, and Sturm, Ruger founded Charter Arms in 1964 to produce handguns. His first pistol was a revolver called The Undercover chambered for.38 Special. McClenahan also reduced the number of moving parts used in the gun, the company, then located in Stratford, Connecticut, went bankrupt in the 1990s, but the Charter design and mark were resurrected by Charter 2000, which was founded by the Ecker family. The new company capitalized on the fame of the old Charter Arms revolvers, operations were moved to Shelton, Connecticut. Basing their new line of weapons on the basic Charter Arms design, the one-piece barrels of the new models are machined with eight grooves instead of six for higher velocity, flatter trajectory and better accuracy. The new models feature a completely blocked hammer system so that the gun cannot fire unless the trigger is held in rear position. In addition to reintroducing the.38 Special Undercover and the.44 Special Bulldog, Charter 2000 produces revolvers chambered for.22 Long Rifle/.22 Magnum.357 magnum and.38 Special. In 2005, Charter 2000 announced that it would be filing for bankruptcy, in September 2005, MKS Supply entered into an agreement with Charter Arms where MKS Supply would handle the sales, marketing and distribution for Charter Arms. In 2008, Charter Arms brought the new Patriot revolvers to the market, the Patriot revolvers were chambered for the.327 Federal Magnum, and were available in 2.2 or 4 stainless steel models. The Charter Arms web site as of August 2011 no longer lists this model under the products category, also in 2008, Charter Arms announced a new revolver, the Charter Arms Rimless Revolver. The new revolver would be able to load and fire rimless cartridges such as the 9mm.40 S&W, initially, the revolver was to ship in early spring, however, reported problems with the patents delayed the introduction. Charter Arms set a date of April 2009 for the CARR. However, Charter Arms missed this deadline, and company representatives have suggested the date may not be until late July of 2009. In October 2010 MKS discontinued the sales and marketing of Charter Arms, Charter now has taken over the sales and marketing function. The.44 Special Bulldog revolver gained notoriety after it was used by Son of Sam serial killer David Berkowitz in his murder spree, a Charter Arms Undercover.38 Special model was used by Mark David Chapman to assassinate John Lennon in 1980
22.
Freedom Arms
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Freedom Arms is a Freedom, Wyoming based firearm manufacturing company, known for producing powerful single-action revolvers. The company was founded in 1978 by Wayne Baker and Dick Casull to produce the Mini revolver then later a revolver chambered in Casulls powerful.454 Casull chambering and this 5-shot revolver was the Model 83. Freedom Arms currently makes a single-shot pistol in addition to their revolvers, Freedom Arms first offering was a 5-shot mini revolver in.22 LR known as The Patriot. It was later offered in.22 Short and.22 WMR, a beltbuckle holster version was patented by Richard J. Dick Casull to accommodate the small revolver. A Boot Pistol model was available with a longer barrel, a 4-shot mini revolver was also produced by Freedom Arms. Production of mini-revolvers by Freedom Arms ceased in 1990, the mini-revolver design was sold to North American Arms. Co-founder Dick Casull had been experimenting with several prototype rounds since 1956, Casull felt he could offer a more powerful version of the.45 Colt and.44 Remington Magnum and built a number of 5-shot prototypes on Ruger Super Blackhawk frames. Freedom Arms was the first commercial producer for revolvers chambered in this caliber and this model is still manufactured today as the Model 83. A number of variants upon the Model 83 have been produced, the first was a.45 Colt in February 1986, followed closely by a.44 Magnum version. In 1993 the Model 555 was introduced in.50 Action Express.41 Magnum, Freedom Arms introduced their own.500 Wyoming Express in the Model 83.500 WE in 2005. At least two variants of the Model 83 with a 3 inch barrel and lacking any ejector were produced in 454 and 44 Magnum and these variants, named Marshall and Packer, have symmetrical frames, made possible by the lack of the ejector. The Model 97 design, with a frame than the Model 83, was introduced in 1997. A five-shot.45 Colt chambering was introduced the following year, six-shot. 22s are produced with. 22LR sporting and match grade cylinders available, as well as.22 Magnum, from 2003. A five-shot.44 Special chambering came in 2004, the Model 2008, introduced in 2010, is a single-shot pistol with interchangeable barrels, most in rifle chamberings
23.
Smith & Wesson
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Smith & Wesson is a manufacturer of firearms in the United States. The corporate headquarters are based in Springfield, Massachusetts, founded in 1852, Smith & Wessons pistols and revolvers have become standard issue to police and armed forces throughout the world, in addition to their popularity among sport shooters. Apart from firearms, Smith & Wesson has been known for the types of ammunition it has introduced over the years. Wesson founded the Smith & Wesson Company in Norwich, Connecticut in 1852 to develop the Volcanic rifle, Smith developed a new Volcanic Cartridge, which he patented in 1854. The Smith & Wesson Company was renamed Volcanic Repeating Arms in 1855, Smith left the company and returned to his native Springfield, Massachusetts, Wesson stayed on as plant manager with Volcanic Repeating Arms. As Samuel Colts patent on the revolver was set to expire in 1856 and his research pointed out that a former Colt employee named Rollin White held the patent for a Bored-through cylinder, a component he would need for his invention. Wesson reconnected with Smith and the two partners approached White to manufacture a newly designed revolver-and-cartridge combination, rather than make White a partner in their company, Smith and Wesson paid him a royalty of $0.25 on every revolver that they made. It would become Whites responsibility to defend his patent in any court cases which led to his financial ruin. The orders for the Smith & Wesson Model 1 revolver outpaced the production capabilities. In 1860 demand was so great that Smith & Wesson expanded into a new facility, at the same time, the companys design was being infringed upon by other manufacturers which led to numerous lawsuits filed by Rollin White. In many of these part of the restitution came in the form of the offender being forced to stamp Manufactured for Smith & Wesson on the revolvers in question. Whites vigorous defense of his patent caused a problem for armsmakers in the United States at the time as they could not manufacture cartridge revolvers, at the end of the war the US Government charged White with causing the retardation of arms development in America. Demand for revolvers declined at the close of the Civil War, in 1870 the company introduced a large frame revolver in heavier calibers than the pocket sized revolvers it had been making. The design was known as the Smith & Wesson Model 3, after an organized campaign by the NRA and NSSF, thousands of retailers and tens of thousands of firearms consumers boycotted Smith & Wesson. On 11 May 2001, Saf-T-Hammer Corporation acquired Smith & Wesson Corp. from Tomkins plc for US$15 million, Saf-T-Hammer assumed US$30 million in debt, bringing the total purchase price to US$45 million. The acquisition of Smith & Wesson was chiefly brokered by Saf-T-Hammer President Bob Scott, after the purchase, Scott became the president of Smith & Wesson to guide the 157-year-old company back to its former standing in the market. On 15 February 2002, the name of the newly formed entity was changed to Smith & Wesson Holding Corporation, about 2006 Smith & Wesson refocused its marketing on big box retailers, according to Smith & Wesson CEO Mike Golden in a 2008 conference call with investors. In December 2014, Smith & Wesson Holding announced it was paying $130.5 million for Battenfeld Technologies, the company made the acquisition with the eventual intent to merge all its existing Smith & Wesson, M&P and Thompson Center Arms accessories into a single division
24.
Sturm, Ruger & Co.
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Sturm, Ruger & Co. Inc. is an American, Southport, Connecticut–based firearm manufacturing company, better known by the shortened name Ruger. The company was founded in 1949 by Alexander McCormick Sturm and William B, Ruger and has been publicly traded since 1969. Ruger produces bolt-action, semi-automatic, and single-shot rifles, shotguns, semi-automatic pistols, Sturm, Ruger & Company was founded by William B. Ruger and Alexander McCormick Sturm in 1949 in a small rented shop in Southport. Ruger is a dominant manufacturer in the.22 LR rimfire rifle market in the U. S. due primarily to the sales of its Ruger 10/22 semiautomatic rifle, the 10/22 is very popular due to being relatively inexpensive and of good quality. As a result, a wealth of after-market accessories and parts were available for it. The availability and variety of after-market parts makes it possible to build a 10/22 using only these parts, Ruger similarly dominates the.22 rimfire semi-automatic pistol market with the Ruger MK II and Ruger MK III, descendants of the Ruger Standard pistol. Like the 10/22, the MkII is supported with a variety of after-market accessories. The 22/45 is similar to the Ruger Standard family of pistols but features a different grip angle, Ruger Casting has plants in Newport, New Hampshire and Prescott, Arizona, making ferrous, ductile iron and commercial titanium castings. Ruger Golf makes steel and titanium castings for golf clubs made by a number of different brands, Sturm, Ruger stock has been publicly traded since 1969, and became a New York Stock Exchange company in 1990. After Alex Sturm’s death in 1951, William B, Ruger continued to direct the company until his death in 2002. From 1949 through 2004, Ruger manufactured over 20 million firearms, and currently offers models for hunting, target shooting, self-defense, collecting, and law enforcement. Sturm, Ruger & Co. is headquartered in Southport, Connecticut, and maintains manufacturing facilities in Newport, New Hampshire, Prescott, Arizona, and Mayodan, North Carolina. Rugers subsidiaries are Ruger Precision Metals LLC in Earth City, Missouri, Pine Tree Castings in Newport, New Hampshire, and Ruger Sportswear & Accessories in Mayodan, North Carolina. Of the total 2,288 makers of civilian firearms operating in the United States from 1986–2010, Ruger was ranked the number one U. S. firearms manufacturer from 2008–2011. In 2011, Ruger manufactured 1,114,687 firearms, as their promotion, the company has set a new goal of 2 million firearms produced per year. From 2009 to 2012, Ruger was the top-seller of handguns, list of modern armament manufacturers TALO Distributors Wilson, R. L. Ruger & His Guns, A History of the Man, the Company and Their Firearms. Sturm, Ruger & Co official site Ruger Official History
25.
Ruger Blackhawk
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The Ruger Blackhawk is a 6-shot, single-action revolver manufactured by Ruger. It is produced in a variety of finishes, calibers, in the early 1950s, Westerns were popular in movies and television. Colt had discontinued the iconic Single Action Army prior to World War II, in 1953, the new firm of Sturm, Ruger & Company introduced the Single-Six, a.22 LR rimfire single-action revolver. The Single-Six proved to be a seller, leading Ruger to develop and market a centerfire revolver similar to the Single Action Army. Ruger introduced the Blackhawk in 1955, chambered for the.357 Magnum, the Blackhawk was a simple and strong design, and it sold well. In 1956, as Smith & Wesson was introducing the new.44 Magnum, Ruger achieved wide popularity with this firearm in a hotly anticipated new cartridge, which was both cheaper and more readily available than the Smith & Wesson Model 29 revolver. The 1955–1962 Blackhawks are known today as the Flattop models, because their rear sights were not protected by ears extending up from the frame as later became standard. From 1962 through 1972, Ruger made the Three Screw Blackhawk in various calibers, bill Ruger chose coil springs due to their greater durability, saying that it solved one of the primary weaknesses of the Colt design. In 1973, in order to eliminate accidents occurring from the hammer jarring against a round loaded in the chamber, Ruger introduced the New Model Blackhawk. The New Blackhawk was seen as limiting firearms accidents and legal liability, Ruger then began offering a retrofit program, offering free transfer bar conversions to earlier variants of the Blackhawk. Over the years the Blackhawk has appeared in a variety of models. Multiple barrel lengths were offered in many of these configurations, New Model Blackhawk Convertible, The cylinder of a Blackhawk is easily removed, and can be replaced with a cylinder for a different cartridge of the same diameter. Ruger has offered convertible cylinder revolvers in.45 ACP/.45 Colt. 38-40/.40 S&W/10mm Auto, other than being sold with multiple cylinders, these firearms are identical to the Blackhawk. New Model Super Blackhawk, Produced in blued and stainless, with or without a rib for mounting a scope. The Super Blackhawk is built on the frame, but with a larger grip and unfluted cylinder. Also, the rod housings and grip frames are made of steel. Vaquero and New Vaquero, With the popularity of Cowboy Action Shooting came demand for a revolver that was more traditional in appearance. In all other ways, the Vaquero was identical to the Blackhawk, the original Vaquero was offered in.357 Magnum.44 Magnum, and.45 Colt
26.
Ruger Bisley
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The Ruger Bisley, manufactured by Sturm Ruger & Company, is a 5 or 6-shot, single-action revolver. It comes in a variety of different finishes, calibers, the revolver takes its name from a grip frame designed by Colts Manufacturing Company that was popular at shooting matches held at Bisley. In the mid-1980s Ruger introduced their Bisley line of Single Action revolvers, the Ruger Bisley is very popular for target shooting and hunting, and comes from the factory with adjustable sights, a 7 1⁄2 barrel, and rosewood grips. The Ruger Bisley can also be identified by its factory engraved unfluted cylinder. It is currently manufactured in.44 Magnum and.45 Long Colt, however, it has also been manufactured previously in.22 Long Rifle with a 6 1⁄2 barrel.32 H&R Magnum.357 Magnum, and.41 Magnum. The distinctive grip angle can also be found in two models, the Bisley Vaquero and the Bisley Hunter. The Bisley Vaquero is a sight, short barrel version that was manufactured from 1993 to 2005. The Bisley Hunter comes in Stainless Steel, with Black Laminate grips, after-market grips for one Bisley will fit the others and seldom require hand fitting
27.
Ruger Single-Six
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The Ruger Single-Six is a single action rimfire revolver produced by Sturm, Ruger. The Single-Six was first released in June 1953, the Single-Six is currently produced as the New Model Single-Six. The term New Model simply means that this model includes Rugers transfer bar mechanism for increased safety, allowing one to carry the revolver safely with all 6 chambers loaded. Prior to 1973, the Single-Six was produced without the transfer bar mechanism, making it safe to carry with all six chambers loaded. The transfer bar safety allows the weapon to fire only when the trigger has been pulled, Ruger provides the transfer bar safety upgrade free of charge for owners of any old model Single-Six. The New Model Single-Six is currently chambered in.22 LR.22 WMR, barrel lengths include 4⅝, 5½, 6½, 7½, and 9½ inches, available in both blued and stainless steel. Ruger manufactures several models that ship with both a.22 LR cylinder and.22 WMR cylinder, allowing the use of both cartridges. The.22 Short and.22 Long cartridges can also be fired in the Long Rifle cylinder, the term Super Single-Six refers to those models which have fully adjustable target sights. In 2011 Ruger introduced the Single-Ten and in 2012 they introduced the Single-Nine, both of these revolvers are stainless steel variants of the Single-Six design with fiber optic sights. From 1984 to 1997 Ruger chambered the New Model Single-Six in.32 H&R Magnum, List of firearms List of handgun cartridges Ruger New Model Single-Six at Ruger. com Mike Cumpston The.22 Magnum As A Revolver Cartridge
28.
Ruger GP100
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The GP100 is a family/line of double action six-shot seven-shot or ten-shot revolvers made by Sturm, Ruger & Co. manufactured in the United States. It was introduced in 1985 as a generation of the Ruger double-action. It was made stronger with the intent to fire a number of full-power. The GP100 was an evolution of an earlier Ruger double-action revolver, the first significant change was introduced with the Ruger Redhawk and that involved a new locking mechanism with a lever on the crane rather than using the end of the ejector rod to lock. Another change was the shape of the frame, traditional revolver frames had exposed metal at the front and rear of the grips, with the frame determining the shape of the grips. This meant that to have a round butt concealed carry version, the GP100 series, instead, used a small rectangular peg grip large enough to enclose the hammer spring and strut. The grips could then be any shape desired, as long as they were enough to enclose the peg. This was not a new innovation having been used by Dan Wesson and, to some degree, the Dan Wesson patent was granted in 1972 and Rugers patent was granted in 1986. The stock grips are made of Santoprene, a soft, chemical resistant elastomer that helped absorb the recoil of firing, panels on the side, made of black plastic, goncalo alves wood or rosewood, provide contrast to the flat black of the Santoprene. The grips are now Hogue one piece rubber grips standard, the GP100 shared the crane lock from the Redhawk that was later used in the small frame SP101 revolver. All of these use the same thickness on the solid frame. Because of these features, the GP100 series is described as one of the strongest medium frame revolvers ever made. The GP100 is manufactured in.357 Magnum.38 Special.22 Long Rifle.44 Special, available Barrel lengths are 3,4.2 and 6 with partial or full length underlugs. Blued Steel, or Stainless Steel finishes are available with model numbers preceded by a K. The Firing pin of the GP100 is mounted inside the frame, the Transfer bar of the GP100 is connected directly to the trigger. The transfer bar must be present between the hammer and the pin in order for the cartridge to be fired. The transfer bar only assumes the position when the trigger is pulled completely rearward. GP100 models are available with fixed or adjustable sights, fixed sight models are designated by a F suffix model number
29.
Ruger SP101
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The Ruger SP101 is a series of double-action revolvers produced by the American company Sturm, Ruger. The SP101 is a frame and all-steel construction carry revolver, with a 5-shot, 6-shot. The Ruger SP101 was introduced in 1989 as the smaller counterpart to the GP100. Both of these revolvers, together, replaced Sturm, Ruger & Cos long-standing staple in the American firearms market, while no longer manufactured, a 9mm version was available until around 1998. A basic.22 LR version was available until 2003 while a redesigned version was introduced in 2011. The SP101 is currently manufactured in.327 Federal Magnum.357 Magnum.38 Special, barrel lengths 2 1⁄4, 3 1⁄16, and 4 1⁄5 with full underlugs. 4 and 4 1⁄5 with half underlug, stainless steel construction Transfer bar safety mechanism Firing pin mounted in frame The Transfer bar in the SP101 is connected directly to the trigger. Fixed or adjustable sights Spurred or spurless hammer Weight, 2 1⁄4, 25 1⁄2 oz. 3 1⁄16,27 oz. 4 1⁄5,22 LR,30 oz.327 Federal Magnum,29. 5oz, and.357 Magnum,29. 5oz. Double-Action/Single-Action Double Action Only, on select models 5-shot, 6-shot, 8-shot Maximum effective range,33 to 55 yards depending on barrel length, all models are made of stainless steel. Caliber.357 Magnum SP101s handle all.357 Magnum factory loads, spurless-hammer models are designated by an L in the Catalog Number. Rugers SP101 page Ruger SP101 -- A Sturdy Rimfire Secret by Clair Rees, Guns
30.
Ruger LCR
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The Ruger LCR is a compact revolver built by Ruger and announced in January 2009. The LCR acronym stands for Lightweight Compact Revolver and it incorporates several novel features such as a polymer grip and trigger housing, monolithic receiver, and constant force trigger. At 13.5 oz, the LCR is nearly 50% lighter than the stainless steel SP101 and with only the barrel, the frame is aluminum alloy and synthetic glass-filled polymer finished in matte black with Synergistic Hard Coat. The LCR operates in only as the hammer is concealed within the frame handles fire control housing of the gun. In order to create a crisp and light trigger pull that is non-stacking, it features a friction reducing cam, the revolver was originally released in two models, the LCR and the LCR-LG, with the LG featuring Crimson Trace Laser Grips. In June 2010, Ruger released two new models of the LCR, the LCR-357 is chambered for.357 Magnum rather than.38 Special. The LCR-BGXS has a Hogue smooth boot grip and a tritium dot sight, with the rising popularity of the LCR, in December 2011 Ruger announced the new Ruger LCR22 chambered in.22 LR with eight round capacity. Also new in 2011 are the special TALO exclusive limited edition models with laser engraved cylinder, in November 2014, Ruger began offering the LCRx with a 3-inch barrel, slightly different grips, and adjustable sights. The LCRx includes the friction-reducing cam for the trigger pull. All the other features of the LCR.38 Special are also present in the LCRx including the polymer grip, trigger housing, in the fall of 2015, Ruger introduced a.327 Federal Magnum version of the LCR. Ruger LCR official page Sturm, Ruger & Co official site Ruger Official Corporate History Review of Ruger LCR from American Rifleman Review of Ruger LCR-357 from The Truth About Guns
31.
Taurus (manufacturer)
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Forjas Taurus is a manufacturing conglomerate based in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Founded as a tool and die manufacturer, the company now consists of focusing on firearms, metals manufacturing, plastics, body armor, helmets. Taurus produced its first revolver, the Model 38101SO, in 1941, beginning in 1968, it exported revolvers to the U. S. market through a series of importers. In 1977, Taurus was purchased from Bangor Punta by its current owners, in order to more effectively tap the U. S. market, the company created a subsidiary, Taurus International Manufacturing Incorporated, also known as Taurus USA, in 1984. In 1997 Forjas Taurus purchased the rights & equipment to manufacture Rossi brand revolvers and they currently manufacture three.38 Special models and four.357 Magnum models under the Rossi name, manufactured in São Leopoldo, Brazil. The current product line includes steel-frame pistols, polymer-frame pistols, revolvers, and law enforcement weapons, one writer said in 2010 that the uality of Taurus handguns in the modern era is second to none. In 2015, Taurus settled a lawsuit for $39 million and recalled nearly one million handguns produced between 1997 and 2013 due to safety defects, Taurus was originally known for manufacturing revolvers similar in design to those offered by Smith & Wesson. The company moved away from this realm by offering larger framed models such as the Raging Bull, the most recent addition to the Taurus pistol lineup is a copy of the Colt 1911.45 ACP pistol, the PT1911. This slightly redesigned and updated design offers many features and this is around one million pistols and includes the following models. IMBEL Taurus USA Taurus France Taurus Export Taurus Forum Carryconcealed. net review of the Taurus 605B2
32.
Bond Arms
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Bond Arms Inc. is a firearms manufacturer located in Granbury, Texas which makes derringers. Bond arms was founded by tool and die maker, Greg Bond in Granbury. The company became incorporated as Bond Arms in 1995 and was licensed by the BATFE as a manufacturer and dealer. Bond Arms is the largest manufacturer of derringers in the firearms industry, Bond Arms Derringers are made in a variety of calibers including the.45 Long Colt /.410 Shotshell. The three most popular models are the Texas Defender, Cowboy Defender, and Snake Slayer Derringers, Bond Arms Derringers are equipped with a trigger guard, except the Cowboy Defender. The trigger guard is removable for a traditional appearance. Bond Arms constructs their Derringers in such a way that a user can change barrels, in fall of 2014 Bond Arms introduced two California Legal models called the Big Bear and Brown Bear. Bond Arms Handgun Models, The company sells a one-hand opening knife in partnership with Buck Knives, Bond arms offers custom grip panels for their guns and a line of custom holsters made in-house. The Texas Defender, Bond Arms. 45acp/410 Shotshell carryconcealed. net
33.
Derringer
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The term derringer is a genericized misspelling of the last name of Henry Deringer, a famous 19th-century maker of small pocket pistols. The original Deringer pistol was a single-shot muzzleloading pistol, with the advent of cartridge firearms, a derringer is generally the smallest usable handgun of a given caliber. They were frequently used by women, because they are easily concealable in a purse or as a stocking gun, such weapons designed specifically for women were called muff pistols, due to their compact size enabling them to be carried in a muff. Derringers are not repeating firearms—repeating mechanisms such as used in semi-automatic handguns and/or revolvers would add significant bulk to the gun. The famous Remington derringer design doubled the capacity, while maintaining the size, by adding a second barrel on top of the first. Each barrel then held one round, and a cam on the hammer alternated between top and bottom barrels, the Remington derringer was in.41 Short caliber and achieved wide popularity. The.41 Short bullet moved very slowly, at about 425 feet per second, around half the speed of a modern.45 ACP. It could be seen in flight, but at close range, such as at a casino or saloon card table. The Remington derringer was sold from 1866 to 1935, a Remington-pattern derringer in.38 Special is still smaller than the most compact.25 ACP semiautomatic, and provides superior terminal ballistic performance to the.25 ACP. While the classic Remington design is a single-action, manufacturers have also made double-action derringers, including some four-shot models, with the barrels stacked in a 2 ×2 block. The COP357 Derringer provided four shots of.357 Magnum in a not much larger than a.25 ACP automatic. The COP derringer was invented by Robert Hillberg and closely resembled his earlier work on insurgency weapons, a related design, often grouped with derringers since it fits no other standard classification, is the Semmerling pistol. It is a five-shot.45 ACP pistol with a manual repeater, another military pistol that is truly a derringer design is the FP-45 Liberator, a.45 ACP insurgency weapon dropped behind Axis lines in World War II. The current production of derringers are used by Cowboy Action Shooting reenactors as well as a concealed-carry weapon and it is the smallest handgun that is capable of handling the largest ammunition. Some favor the derringer as a carry weapon because of its size as well as the swiftness of putting it into action. Critics believe it is not a weapon for self-defense since the derringer possesses only a two-shot capacity. The Philadelphia Deringer was a small percussion handgun designed by Henry Deringer, a popular concealed carry handgun of the era, this pocket pistol design was widely copied by competitors, sometimes down to the markings. A new percussion cap would then be placed on the tube, then, to fire the handgun, a user would fully cock the hammer, aim, and squeeze the trigger
34.
Thompson/Center Arms
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Thompson/Center Arms is an American firearms company based in Springfield, Massachusetts. The company is best known for its line of interchangeable-barrel, single-shot pistols, Thompson/Center also manufactures muzzle-loading rifles and is credited with creating the resurgence of their use in the 1970s. In the 1960s, Warren Center developed an unusual break-action, single-shot pistol that later known as the Contender in his basement workshop. Meanwhile, the K. W. Thompson Tool Company had been searching for a product to manufacture year-round, in 1965, Warren Center joined the K. W. Thompson Tool Company, and together, they announced Warren Centers Contender pistol in 1967. As K. W. Thompson Tool began marketing Centers Contender pistol, then, in 1970, Thompson/Center created the modern black powder industry, introducing Warren Centers Hawken-styled black powder muzzle-loader rifle. On January 4,2007, Thompson/Center was purchased by Smith & Wesson, on December 8,2010, Smith & Wesson announced that the original Rochester, New Hampshire plant would be closed and manufacturing was transferred to Springfield, Massachusetts. Thompson/Centers success came with the emergence of long range hunting, target shooting. Their break-action, single-shot design brought rifle-like accuracy and power in a handgun, the Contender, first introduced in 1967, is a break-action, single-shot pistol or rifle with a number of unique features. The first unique feature is the way the barrel is attached to the frame, by removing the fore-end, a large hinge pin is exposed, by pushing this hinge pin out, the barrel can be removed. Since the sights and extractor remain attached to the barrel in the Contender design, a barrel of another caliber can be installed and pinned in place, the fore-end replaced, and the pistol is ready to shoot with a different barrel and pre-aligned sights. This allowed easy changes of calibers, sights, and barrel lengths, the Encore was released in 1983. The Encore uses a different trigger mechanism, designed to be stronger than the original Contenders, the Encore uses a considerably larger and stronger frame than the Contender, and accordingly, is found in over 86 cartridges - ranging from.22 Hornet to the huge.416 Rigby. There has even been one pistol-length stainless barrel made in.600 Nitro Express, the Encore barrel list also includes shotgun barrels in 28,20, and 12 gauge, and muzzleloading barrels in.45.50 caliber, and 12 gauge using #209 shotgun primers. In 2007, Encore rimfire barrels became available in 22 LR and 17 HMR, an upgraded T/C Encore is called the Pro Hunter which generally includes stocks with rubber Flex Tech inserts and are stainless or carbon steel with weather shielding. There are other differences among the rifles including the breech plug on muzzleloader versions. The original Contender, now known as the generation one Contender, was replaced by the G2 Contender soon after the Encore came out, the G2 Contender is essentially dimensionally the same as the original Contender, but uses an Encore style trigger group. Unlike the original Contender, dry-firing of the G2 Contender is possible only in the center hammer position, also, unlike the original Contender, the break-action does not need to be opened/closed to practice dry-firing, provided the hammer is lowered between dry firing shots. The adjustability of G2 Contender triggers is also different from the original G1 Contender
35.
Thompson/Center Contender
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The Thompson/Center Contender is a break-action single-shot pistol or rifle that was introduced in 1967 by Thompson/Center Arms. It can be chambered in calibers from.22 Long Rifle to. 45-70 Government, warren Center, working in his basement shop in the 1960s, developed a unique, break-action, single-shot pistol. In 1965, Center joined the K. W. Thompson Tool Company, as K. W. Thompson Tool began marketing Centers Contender pistol, the company name was changed to Thompson/Center Arms Company. The most unusual feature of the Contender is how the barrel is attached to the frame, by removing the fore-end, a large hinge pin is exposed, by pushing this hinge pin out, the barrel can be removed. Since the sights and extractor remain attached to the barrel in the Contender design, a barrel of another caliber or length can be installed and pinned in place, the fore-end replaced, and the pistol is ready to shoot with a different barrel and pre-aligned sights. This allowed easy changes of calibers, sights, and barrel lengths, the initial baseline design of the Contender had no central safe position on the hammer, having only centerfire and rimfire firing pin positions, each being selectable through using a screwdriver. Three variants of the original Contender design were developed, distinguished easily by the hammer design. The first variant has a push button selector on the hammer for choosing rimfire vs, some of the very earliest Contenders, those requiring a screwdriver to switch the firing pin between rimfire and centerfire, had smooth sides, without the cougar etched on the sides. Unlike the later G2 Contender, the original Contender may be safely dry-fired to allow a shooter to become familiar with the trigger pull, the break-action only has to be cycled, while leaving the hammer in the second notch position, to practice dry-firing. G2s with switchable firing pins can be safely dry-fired with the only in the safety position. Barrels have been made in lengths of 6,8 3/4,10,12,14,16, heavier recoiling cartridge barrels have been made with integral muzzle brakes. Barrels for the original Contender may be used on the later-released G2 Contender, the earliest barrels, from early 1967 to late 1967, were all octagonal with a flat bottom lug, and were available in only 10 and 8 3/4 inch lengths. The next group of barrels, from late 1967 to 1972, were available in 6,8 3/4, later, round barrels were added in a wider variety of lengths, including 10,12, and 14. Likewise, round barrels in heavier barrel configurations, known as Super 14 pistol and Super 16 pistol barrels, carbine barrels in 16 and 21 inches were added for the Contenders. Various barrels have sometimes included ejectors as well as extractors, or extractors, only, as well as containing either a flat bottom lug, barrels have been made available in either blued or stainless configurations, to match the finish available on Contender receivers. Unlike most other actions, the break-action design does not require the barrels to be specially fitted to an individual action. Since the sights are mounted on the barrel, they remain sighted-in, Pistol grips, butt stocks and fore-ends have been made available in stained walnut, or in recoil reducing composite materials. Different pistol fore-ends are required for the octagonal versus the round versus the bull barrels, the fore-ends have had an assortment of either one or two screw attachment points, used for attaching the fore-ends to the barrel with its matching one or two attachment points
36.
Marlin Firearms
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Marlin Firearms Co. formerly of North Haven, Connecticut, is a manufacturer of semi-automatic, lever-action, and bolt-action rifles. In the past, the company made shotguns, derringers and revolvers, Marlin owned the firearm manufacturer H&R Firearms. In 2007, Remington Arms, part of the Freedom Group, Remington currently produces Marlin-brand firearms at its Kentucky and New York manufacturing facilities. Major models of Marlin rifles include, Marlin No, Marlin Model 1893, lever action repeater, precursor of the Model 36 and 336 Marlin Model 1895 Military Repeater,6 versions,1895, G, GBL, GS, M, SBL. All are chambered for the 45/70 caliber except for the M Marlin Model 444, Marlin Model 795, a.22 LR semi-automatic rifle. For example, there are 6 distinctly different variations manufactured for the Marlin Model 60, Marlin has been making lever-action rifles since 1881, and in 2008, they produced their 30 millionth lever-action rifle, which was donated to the National Rifle Association. Shotguns include, Marlin Model 25MG, a bolt action. S, patent 3,100,358 for what was named MicroGroove Rifling, which was a departure from the standard Ballard, or cut rifling. One purpose of Microgroove rifling was to increase the speed of producing rifle barrels, Marlin introduced Microgroove rifling in their.22 rimfire barrels in July 1953, with 16 grooves that were.014 wide, and nominally.0015 deep. Ballard rifled barrels have grooves generally in the range of. 069-.090 wide, the catalog also claimed that Microgroove rifling did not distort the bullet jacket as deeply as Ballard rifling hence improving accuracy with jacketed bullets at standard velocity. The use of oversized cast bullets greatly solves this problem, restoring accuracy with cast bullet handloads to levels seen from Ballard rifled barrels, Marlin Firearms was founded in the 1870s by John Marlin. Marlin produced lever-action rifles and pump-action shotguns in competition with Winchester, in 1917 Marlin Rockwell bought out the Hopkins & Allen Arms Company to promote an expanded line of firearms and restore the image of the Marlin company as makers of sporting arms. Marlin Firearms labored for a century as an underdog levergun maker to Winchester, however, in the 1980s and 1990s, Marlin finally began to outpace its old rival. It is currently the dominant seller of lever-action rifles in North America and its use of side ejection allows for flat-topped firearms, thereby making the mounting of scopes easier than for traditional Winchesters. This helped Marlin capture more market share as American shooters came to more and more on optics. Marlins are larger, stronger and heavier than most of the comparable Winchester line, in November 2000, Marlin purchased the assets of H&R1871, Inc. a Massachusetts-based manufacturer of shotguns and rifles, founded in 1871, and now located in Gardner, Massachusetts. Marketing its products under the names of Harrington & Richardson and New England Firearms, H&R1871 claimed to be the largest manufacturer of Single-shot shotguns. In December 2007 Remington Arms Company purchased Marlin, Remington announced in April 2008 that it would close the Gardner manufacturing plant by the end of 2008 affecting 200 workers. In March 2010, Marlin announced that it would close its North Haven plant, and move the work to Remington plants in Ilion, New York, and Mayfield, Kentucky
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Marlin Model 1894
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The Marlin Model 1894 is a lever-action repeating rifle introduced in 1894 by the Marlin Firearms Company of North Haven, Connecticut. At its introduction the rifle came with a 24-inch barrel and was chambered for a variety of pistol rounds such as. 25-20 Winchester. 32-20 Winchester. 38-40, variants in other chamberings remain in production today. Marlin produced its first lever-action repeating rifle as the Model 1881 and this was followed by the Model 1888 which was a top-eject action like the 1881 with several improvements, most important was the incorporation of a locking lug locking the breech. It was chambered in the WCF family of cartridges developed for the Winchester 1873 rifle.44 WCF.38 WCF. The Model 1889 that followed was the first lever-action rifle to have a top with side ejection of spent cartridges. This model was chambered for the cartridges as the 1888. Additionally, the lever lock of the Model 1889 was eliminated on the Model 1894. This model was chambered in the same calibers with the addition of the. 25/20, the designer and patentee of the Model 1888 and subsequent Marlin lever action rifles up to the Model 1897 was L. L. Hepburn. With the popularity of magnum cartridges in the 1960s, in 1969 Marlin produced a short-action Model 1894 that was designed for modern high-pressure.44 Magnum cartridges. Marlin had briefly manufactured its Model 336 chambered for the.44 magnum cartridge, however, after a few years of development Marlin reintroduced the model 1894. In the 1970s, Marlin added the Model 1894C/CS in 1979.357 Magnum, in the mid-1990s, Marlin changed the.357 and.44 barrels from 12-groove-or-more Micro-Groove rifling to 6-groove Ballard-style rifling. The Model 1894 is produced in variants, as shown in the table below. All variants are made in lever action, include a black walnut, straight grip stock, the Model 1894CL features marble adjustable, semi-buckhorn rear and marble carbine front sights. The Model 1894SS, caliber.44 Magnum, and the 1894CSS, the Model 1894P, caliber.44 Magnum, and the 1894CP, caliber.357 magnum both have 16 1⁄4 inch ported barrels. However, shortly after announcing its release, Marlin suspended production indefinitely, none have been shipped as of June 2012. The Model 1894CB, in.32 H&R Magnum, loads from the front of the magazine, like the Marlin Model 39A rimfire rifle. There are also several Limited Edition Marlin 1894 rifles which are Stainless Steel with grey, laminated furniture and they were pre-drilled for a scope base and included a solid, rubber recoil pad. They are considered collectible as only 250 of each caliber were made
38.
Marlin Model Golden 39A
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The Marlin 39A represents the oldest and longest continuously produced shoulder firearm in the world. The current variation gold trigger lever-action.22 Caliber Golden 39A is produced by the Marlin Firearms Co. of New Haven, the Golden 39A is constructed in Marlins factory in Ilion, NY. The Golden Model 39A started life as the Marlin Model 1891, the first lever action rifle chambered in. 22LR. The tubular magazine was changed to front-loading with the Model 1892, the 1892 gave way to the takedown Model 1897, which became the Model 39 in 1921 and Model 39-A in 1939. The Golden Mountie Model 39A was introduced in 1954, the 39 was produced until 1983 when the current Golden 39A was introduced. Changes between models were so minimal the rifle is considered to have been produced to the same basic specifications for over 100 years. The Model 39-A did not have a hammer safety, whereas the current Golden Model 39A has had one since introduction in 1983. The Golden 39A is still considered one of the finest examples of a lever.22 rifle and it is also the best-selling lever rimfire in U. S. history. Additionally mountie versions have been produced at various points in the life which featured a shorter 20 barrel. These rifles have been alternately called Model 39M or 1897 Mountie, the Mountie has a magazine capacity of 20 Short,16 Long or 15 Long Rifle.22 cartridges. Since the early 1950s Marlin has used their proprietary Micro-Groove rifling in the Model 39A and this rifling uses many small lands and grooves rather than 2,4, or 6 deeper grooves used by the majority of rifle makers. The rifling is also made to a 1 in 16 right hand twist, the combination of these two factors arguably adds to the accuracy of the rifle and indeed the 39As reputation would seem to bear this out. The Model Golden 39A is built of forged steel parts and American grown black walnut and it is one of the very few remaining.22 rifles with easy takedown ability. The screw that allows the easy takedown, however, is criticized as it disrupts the otherwise clean lines of the rifle. Further, in the event of a malfunction which prevents the breech from closing, the Model Golden 39A has a solid-top receiver and side ejection, which makes mounting a scope easy. The Marlin Model Golden 39A is still available with a 24 round barrel, a pistol grip. The Golden 39A has a full length steel tubular magazine under the barrel with an inner tube. Magazine capacity is as follows,26.22 Short,21.22 Long, many previous variations of the model are still available from used gun dealers
39.
Table of handgun and rifle cartridges
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Table of selected handgun, submachine gun, rifle and machine gun cartridges by common name. Data values are the highest found for the cartridge, and might not occur in the same load, number of manufacturers currently producing complete cartridges - e. g. Norma, RWS, Hornady, Winchester, Federal, Remington, Sellier&Bellot, Prvi Partizan. May be none for obsolete and wildcat cartridges, a guide to the recoil from the cartridge, and an indicator of bullet penetration potential. The. 30-06 Springfield is considered the limit for tolerable recoil for inexperienced rifle shooters
40.
American Rifleman
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American Rifleman is a United States-based monthly shooting and firearms interest publication, owned by the National Rifle Association. It is the 33rd most-widely distributed consumer magazine and the NRAs primary magazine, the magazine has its headquarters in Fairfax, Virginia. Arthur Corbin Gould, a shooter and member of the Massachusetts Rifle Association. The Rifle later changed its title to Shooting & Fishing in 1888 and this call eventually led to the revitalization of the National Rifle Association and established a Board of Directors to help manage the nationwide organization. Following Goulds death in 1903, Shooting and Fishing deteriorated, in 1906, James A. Drain, then Secretary of the NRA, purchased the magazine and renamed it Arms and the Man, becoming its editor and publisher. Though there was no explicit tie between the magazine and the NRA, their relationship was extremely close. In 1916, seven years after the end of his NRA presidency, Drain decided to part with the magazine in order to fully devote himself to his law practice, though Arms and the Man had become the top magazine of its kind. On July 1,1916, James A, Drain sold Arms and the Man to the NRA for $1. Fred H. Hatcher, Charles Askins, Townsend Whelen and C. B. Lister, also during this time, Hatcher began his column The Dope Bag, a write-in question and answer column, which still continues today. By 1928, The Dope Bag had grown to 3 staff members, during World War II, The American Rifleman Editor Bill Shadel received press credentials from CBS and shipped overseas to cover the European Theater. His duties were taken over by his editors, and The American Rifleman carried articles. Also during World War II, the size of the magazine had to be cut in half due to wartime paper shortages. Due to the quality of paper that was used, The American Rifleman began to rely on artwork more heavily than photography. Pulitzer Prize winning cartoonist James T. Berryman was brought in as art director, following the war, C. B. Lister retained editorship of the magazine. The American Rifleman continued to develop in scope following World War II, lee Harvey Oswald killed US President John F. Kennedy with a rifle purchased from a Kleins Sporting Goods ad in the February 1963 issue of American Rifleman. This prompted what the magazine called a wave of anti-firearm feeling, in 1966, Ashley Halsey Jr. Halsey Jr. was a former writer at the Saturday Evening Post for 18 years, and became known for his prominent editorials and investigative articles. In 1971, The American Rifleman published a special issue that was 168 pages long. The centennial edition also included the first full-sized, full-color photographs of firearms ever printed in the magazine
