1.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
2.
Remington Arms
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Remington Arms Company, LLC is an American manufacturer of firearms and ammunition in the United States. It was founded in 1816 by Eliphalet Remington in Ilion, New York, as E. Remington, Remington is Americas oldest gun maker and Its Americas oldest factory that still makes its original product-guns. It is the only U. S. company which produces both firearms and ammunition domestically and is the largest U. S. producer of shotguns, Remington has also developed or adopted more cartridges than any other gun maker or ammunition manufacturer in the world. Additionally its products are distributed in over 60 foreign countries, making its distribution base, Remington Arms is part of the Freedom Group, which is owned by Cerberus Capital Management. Remington built a new plant in Huntsville, Alabama which is now building Modern Sporting Rifles, the Remington company was founded in 1816. Eliphalet Remington II believed he could build a gun than he could buy. Farming communities in the region were famous for their skills and self-sufficiency. Remingtons father was a blacksmith, and wanted to expand his business into rifle barrel production, local residents often built their own rifles to save on costs, but purchased the barrel. Remingtons father sent him to a barrel maker in a major city to purchase a barrel. At the time, the method was to heat and wrap long flat bars of iron around a rod of the caliber desired. By heating and hammering the coiled bars around the central rod, after the young man returned home, his family added a successful barrel making operation to his fathers forge, in Ilion Gorge, New York. Remington began designing and building a rifle for himself. At age 23, he entered a match, though he only finished second. Before Remington left the field day, he had received so many orders from other competitors that he was now officially in the gunsmithing business. By 1828, the moved to nearby Ilion, New York. On March 7,1888, ownership of E. Remington & Sons left possession of the Remington family and was sold to new owners, Marcellus Hartley, at this time the name was formally changed to the Remington Arms Company. The Bridgeport site became the home of Remingtons ammunition plant, in 1912, Remington and Union Metallic Cartridge Company were combined into a single entity, called Remington UMC. In 1915, the plant at Ilion was expanded, and with this expansion became basically the same plant as today, during World War I, Remington produced arms under contract for several Allied powers
3.
Bullet
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The word bullet is a firearm term. A bullet is a projectile expelled from the barrel of a firearm, the term is from Middle French and originated as the diminutive of the word boulle which means small ball. Bullets are made of a variety of materials and they are available singly as they would be used in muzzle loading and cap and ball firearms, as part of a paper cartridge, and much more commonly as a component of metallic cartridges. Bullets are made in a numbers of styles and constructions depending on how they will be used. Many bullets have specialized functions, such as hunting, target shooting, training, defense, a bullet is not a cartridge. In paper and metallic cartridges a bullet is one component of the cartridge, bullet sizes are expressed by their weight and diameter in both English and Metric measurement systems. For example.22 caliber 55 grain bullets or 5. 56mm 55 grain bullets are the same caliber, the word bullet is often used colloquially to refer to a cartridge, which is a combination of the bullet, paper or metallic case/shell, powder, and primer. This use of bullet, when cartridge is intended, leads to confusion when the components of a cartridge are discussed or intended, the bullets used in many cartridges are fired at a muzzle velocity faster than the speed of sound. Meaning they are supersonic and thus can travel a substantial distance, bullet speed through air depends on a number of factors such as barometric pressure, humidity, air temperature, and wind speed. Subsonic cartridges fire bullets slower than the speed of sound and so there is no sonic crack and this means that a subsonic cartridge such as.45 ACP can be effectively suppressed to be substantially quieter than a supersonic cartridge such as the.223 Remington. Bullets do not normally contain explosives, but damage the target by impact. The first use of gunpowder in Europe was recorded in 1247 and it had been used in China for hundreds of years. Later in 1364 hand cannon appeared, early projectiles were made of stone. Stone was used in cannon and hand cannon, in cannon it was eventually found that stone would not penetrate stone fortifications which gave rise to the use of heavier metals for the round projectiles. Hand cannon projectiles developed in a similar following the failure of stone from siege cannon. The first recorded instance of a ball from a hand cannon penetrating armor occurred in 1425. In this photograph of shot retrieved from the wreck of the Mary Rose which was sunk in 1545, the round shot are clearly of different sizes and some are stone while others are cast iron. The development of the hand culverin and matchlock arquebus brought about the use of cast lead balls as projectiles, bullet is derived from the French word boulette, which roughly means little ball
4.
Primer (firearms)
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In firearm ballistics, the primer is a component of pistol, rifle, and shotgun rounds. Early primers were simply the same black powder used to fire the weapon and this external powder was connected though a tube in the barrel that led to the main charge. As powder wont burn when wet, this led to difficulty, or even the inability, modern primers are shock sensitive chemicals. In smaller weapons the primer is usually integrated into the rear of a cartridge, in larger weapons like cannon the primer is a separate component placed inside the barrel to the rear of the main propellant charge. The first step to firing a firearm of any sort is igniting the propellant, the earliest firearms were cannons, which were simple closed tubes. There was an aperture, the touchhole, drilled in the closed end of the tube. This hole was filled with finely ground powder, which was ignited with a hot ember or torch. With the advent of firearms, this became an undesirable way of firing a gun. The first attempt to make the process of firing a small arm easier was the matchlock, the matchlock incorporated a lock that was actuated by a trigger, originally called a tricker. The lock was a lever which pivoted when pulled. The match was a burning fuse made of plant fibers that were soaked in a solution of nitrates, charcoal, and sulfur. This slow-match was ignited before the gun was needed, and it would slowly burn, after the gun was loaded and the touchhole primed with powder, the burning tip of the match was positioned so that the lock would bring it into contact with the touchhole. To fire the gun, it was aimed and the trigger pulled and this brought the match down to the touchhole, igniting the powder. With careful attention the slow-burning match could be burning for long periods of time. The next revolution in technology was the wheel-lock. It used a spring-loaded, serrated steel wheel which rubbed against a piece of iron pyrite, a key was used to wind the wheel and put the spring under tension. Once tensioned, the wheel was held in place by a trigger, when the trigger was pulled, the serrated edge of the steel rubbed against the pyrite, generating sparks. These sparks were directed into a pan, called the flash pan, the flashpan usually was protected by a spring-loaded cover that would slide out of the way when the trigger was pulled, exposing the powder to the sparks
5.
Cartridge (firearms)
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Military and commercial producers continue to pursue the goal of caseless ammunition. A cartridge without a bullet is called a blank, One that is completely inert is called a dummy. Some artillery ammunition uses the same concept as found in small arms. In other cases, the shell is separate from the propellant charge. In popular use, the bullet is often misused to refer to a complete cartridge. The cartridge case seals a firing chamber in all directions excepting the bore, a firing pin strikes the primer and ignites it. The primer compound deflagrates, it does not detonate, a jet of burning gas from the primer ignites the propellant. Gases from the burning powder pressurize and expand the case to seal it against the chamber wall and these propellant gases push on the bullet base. In response to pressure, the bullet will move in the path of least resistance which is down the bore of the barrel. After the bullet leaves the barrel, the pressure drops to atmospheric pressure. The case, which had been expanded by chamber pressure. This eases removal of the case from the chamber, brass is a commonly used case material because it is resistant to corrosion. A brass case head can be work-hardened to withstand the pressures of cartridges. The neck and body portion of a case is easily annealed to make the case ductile enough to allow reforming so that it can be reloaded many times. Steel is used in some plinking ammunition, as well as in military ammunition. Steel is less expensive than brass, but it is not feasible to reload, Military forces typically consider small arms cartridge cases to be disposable, one-time-use devices. However, case weight affects how much ammunition a soldier can carry, conversely, steel is more susceptible to contamination and damage so all such cases are varnished or otherwise sealed against the elements. One downside caused by the strength of steel in the neck of these cases is that propellant gas can blow back past the neck
6.
Rimless cartridge
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A rim is an external flange that is machined, cast, molded, stamped or pressed around the bottom of a firearms cartridge. Thus, rimmed cartridges are sometimes called flanged cartridges, almost all cartridges feature an extractor or headspacing rim, in spite of the fact that some cartridges are known as rimless cartridges. These types are rimmed, rimless, semi-rimmed, rebated rim and these categories describe the size of the rim in relation to the base of the case. The rimmed cartridge, sometimes called flanged cartridge, is the oldest of the types and has a rim that is larger in diameter than the base of the cartridge. Rimmed cartridges use the rim to hold the cartridge in the chamber of the firearm, because the rimmed cartridge headspaces on the rim, the case length is of less importance than rimless cartridges. This allows some firearms chambered for similar rimmed cartridges to safely chamber and fire shorter cartridges, rimmed cartridges are well suited to certain types of actions, such as revolvers, where the rim helps hold the cartridge in position, and break-action firearms. Semi-automatic handguns have been chambered in rimmed cartridges as well, for example a LAR Grizzly or Desert Eagle in.357 or.44 Magnum, under the metric cartridge designation system, a capitalized R added at the end of the designation denotes a rimmed cartridge. For example,7. 62×54mmR is a cartridge, while 7. 62×51mm is a rimless cartridge.45 Auto Rim. Examples of rimmed handgun cartridges include the.38 Special.357 Magnum, rimmed rifle cartridge examples include the.22 Hornet.303 British and 7. 62×54mmR. Rimless cases are not well suited to break-open and revolver actions, though they can be used with modifications, such as a spring-loaded extractor or, in a revolver. Crimping affects the length of the cartridge, and thus cannot be used on cartridges which headspace on the case mouth. Examples of rimless handgun cartridges include the 9mm Parabellum.40 S&W, rimless rifle examples include the.223 Remington.308 Winchester. 30-06 Springfield and 7. 92×57mm Mauser. On a semi-rimmed case the rim projects slightly beyond the base of the case, the tiny rim provides minimal interference feeding from a box magazine, while still providing enough surface to headspace on. Semi-rimmed cases are less common than the other types, if the chamber is cut shallow, so the case headspaces off the mouth, the rim is used for extraction only, a standard chamber will use the rim for both headspacing and extraction. Examples of more commonly encountered rimless handgun cartridges are.25 ACP.32 ACP and.38 ACP, while the.308 Marlin Express.338 Marlin Express and.444 Marlin are rifle cartridges that are semi-rimmed. Rebated rim cartridges have a rim that is smaller in diameter than the base of the case. Functionally the same as a case, the rebated rim provides some additional benefits when considered in conjunction with other cartridges. One example of a rebated rim cartridge is the.50 Action Express, by using the same rim dimensions as the.44 Magnum, a Desert Eagle could be converted from.44 Magnum to.50 AE by merely changing the barrel and magazine
7.
Remington Model 8
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The Remington Model 8 is a semi-automatic rifle designed by John Browning and produced by Remington Arms. Originally introduced as the Remington Autoloading Rifle in 1906, the name was changed to the Remington Model 8 in 1911, on October 16,1900, John Browning was granted U. S. Patent 659,786 for the rifle, which he sold to Remington. Outside the U. S. this rifle was made by Fabrique Nationale of Liege, Belgium, under an agreement between Remington and FN, the Model 8 would be sold in the US while the FN1900 would be sold elsewhere. Despite having a market, the FN1900 was sold predominately to hunters in and around Western Europe. Because of the new and yet unproven nature of the autoloading rifle, due to lackluster sales, only 4,913 Model 1900s were ever produced compared to the over 80,000 Model 8s produced. The Remington Model 8 rifle is long recoil-operated and uses a bolt head. After firing, the barrel and bolt, still locked together, move rearward inside the receiver, then the bolt is held back while the barrel is returned forward by one of the springs permitting extraction and ejection. Once the barrel is returned, the bolt is returned forward by the spring, in so doing it picks up a fresh round from the magazine. The Remington Model 8 has a fixed 5-shot magazine and bolt hold-open device which engages after the magazine is empty and it is a takedown design, meaning that the barrel and receiver are easily separated with no tools, allowing for a smaller package for transport. Remington created four new calibers for the Model 8 rifle.25 Remington.30 Remington.32 Remington and these cartridges were rimless designs to allow reliable feeding from box magazines. The Model 8 was offered in five grades of finish and was the first truly reliable medium power semiautomatic rifle ever commercialized, the primary market for the Model 8 was sport hunting. The Model 8 was used as a gun, modified to use detachable extended capacity magazines. It is noted as the rifle of choice of famed Texas Ranger Frank Hamer, hamers rifle was a customized.35 Remington Model 8 with a special-order 15-round magazine from Petmeckeys Sporting Goods store in Austin, Texas. He was shipped serial number 10045, and this was just one of at least two Model 8s used in the ambush of Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker. The rifle was modified to accept a police only 20-round magazine obtained through the Peace Officers Equipment Company in St. Joseph, in 1936, Remington dropped the Model 8 and introduced the Model 81 Woodsmaster with improvements by C. C. The Model 81 was offered in.300 Savage and the.25 Remington chambering was dropped after a number of 81s were chambered in this round. It was offered in Standard, Special, Peerless, Expert, the Federal Bureau of Investigation acquired some Model 81 rifles chambered for.30 Remington and.35 Remington in response to the 1933 Kansas City Massacre
8.
Semi-automatic rifle
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A semi-automatic rifle is a self-loading rifle that fires a single round each time the trigger is pulled. In contrast, an automatic rifle continuously fires rounds as long as the trigger is pressed. The ability to load the next round allowed for an increase in the rounds per minute the operator could fire. These rifles are known as self-loading rifles or auto-loading rifles and are often mistaken for automatic rifles or machine guns. Self-loading rifles were one of the most revolutionary designs in the history of warfare and they can be efficiently fed by en-bloc clip and internal magazine, detachable magazine or a combination of stripper clip and internal magazine. The first successful design for a rifle is attributed to German-born gunsmith Ferdinand Ritter von Mannlicher. The Model 85 was followed by the equally innovative Mannlicher Models 91,93 and 95 semi-automatic rifles.5 mm ammunition that were fed into the M1894 by a stripper clip. The Auto-5 relied on long recoil operation, this remained the dominant form in semi-automatic shotguns for approximately 50 years. Production of the Auto-5 was finally ended in 1999, in 1903 and 1905, the Winchester Repeating Arms Company introduced the first semi-automatic rimfire and centerfire rifles designed especially for the civilian market. The Winchester Model 1903 and Winchester Model 1905 operated on the principle of blowback in order to function semi-automatically, johnson, the Model 1903 achieved commercial success and continued to be manufactured until 1932 when the Winchester Model 63 replaced it. Winchester introduced a medium caliber semi-automatic rifle, the Model 1907 as an upgrade to the Model 1905, utilizing a system of operation. Both the Models of 1905 and 1907 saw limited military and police use, in 1906, Remington Arms introduced the Remington Auto-loading Repeating Rifle. Remington advertised this rifle, renamed the Model 8 in 1911 and this is a locked-breech, long recoil action designed by John Browning. The Model 81 superseded the Model 8 in 1936 and was offered in.300 Savage as well as the original Remington calibers, the first semi-automatic rifle adopted and widely issued by a major military power was the Fusil Automatique Modele 1917. This is a breech, gas-operated action which is very similar in its mechanical principles to the future M1 Garand in the United States. The M1917 was fielded during the stages of WWI but it did not receive a favorable reception. However its shortened and improved version, the Model 1918, gave complete satisfaction during the Moroccan Rif War from 1920 to 1926, the Lebel bolt-action rifle remained the standard French infantry rifle until replaced in 1936 by the MAS-36 despite the various semi-automatic rifles designed between 1918 and 1935. In 1937, the American M1 Garand was the first semi-automatic rifle to replace its nations bolt-action rifle as the infantry weapon
9.
Marlin Model 336
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The Marlin Model 336 is a lever-action rifle and carbine made by Marlin Firearms. Since its introduction in 1948, it has offered in a number of different calibers and barrel lengths. Currently, the model with a 24-inch barrel is available in. 30-30 Winchester. The Model 336 is currently produced by Remington Arms, the Model 336 is a direct development of the Marlin Model 1893 rifle which was produced from 1893 to 1936. Based on the patents of L. L. Hepburn, the Model 1893 incorporated a new locking bolt system, in 1936, with only minor changes to the stock, forearm, and sights, the Model 1893 was redesignated the Model 1936. All of these featured a solid-top receiver made of forged steel. In 1948, the Model 36 was replaced by the Model 336, an evolution of the Model 36 rifle, the Model 336 is easily distinguished from its predecessors by its open ejection port machined into the side of the receiver. Like its predecessors, the receiver and all working parts of the Model 336 are constructed of steel forgings. With its solid, flat top receiver and side ejection of fired cartridges, in 1956, Marlin also incorporated its proprietary Micro-Groove rifling system into the Model 336 and other centerfire Marlin rifles. This rifling system, which used a number of relatively shallow rifling grooves, cut down production time. According to Marlin, the Micro-Groove system provides very uniform bore dimensions and a smooth bore finish designed to improve accuracy, prevent gas leakage. The Model 336 is designed to be disassembled for cleaning. Removal of the pivot screw with a flathead screwdriver, allows field stripping of the lever arm, bolt. Unlike many lever action designs, the Model 336 can be cleaned from the breech, much like a bolt-action rifle and this in turn avoids damage to the muzzle caused by cleaning rods and tools. As of 1983, the Model 336 was ranked the #2 all-time leader in U. S. high-powered sporting rifle sales, after the Winchester Model 1894, with over 3.5 million sold. Marauder, Trapper, Model 336Y Marlin has made short carbine versions of the Model 336 over the years, including the Model 336 Marauder, Trapper, usually featuring a short 16- or 18-inch barrel, these carbines are considerably shorter and lighter than the standard 20 carbine. Marlin sold these rifles as the Glenfield Models 30, 30A, however, Marlin continued to offer a less expensive version of the Model 336, variously called the Model 336W or Model 30AW, originally sold only to the Wal-Mart chain. Fitted with a stock and lower-cost sights, these rifles were frequently offered as part of a special package with an inexpensive rifle scope, sling
10.
Lever action
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Lever action is a type of firearm action which uses a lever located around the trigger guard area to load fresh cartridges into the chamber of the barrel when the lever is worked. This contrasts to bolt-action, semi-automatic, or selective-fire weapons, most lever-action firearms are rifles, but some lever-action shotguns and a few pistols have also been made. One of the most famous lever-action firearms is the Winchester Model 1873 rifle, even Colts Mfg. Co. produced 1883 until 18856403 lever-action Colt-Burgess rifles. Mossberg produces the 464 in centerfire. 30-30 and rimfire.22, probably the first lever-action rifles on the market were Colts 1st and 2nd Model Ring Lever rifles, both Cap and ball rifles, produced by the Patent Arms Mfg. Co. Paterson, N. J. -Colts Patent between 1837 and 1841, the ring-lever was located in front of the trigger. This loading-lever, when pulled, would index the cylinder to the next position, the first significant lever-action design was the Spencer repeating rifle, a magazine-fed lever-operated breech-loading rifle designed by Christopher Spencer in 1860. It was fed from a removable seven-round tube magazine, enabling the rounds to be fired one after another, and which, the Henry also placed the magazine under the barrel, rather than in the butt-stock, a trend followed by most tubular magazines since. The Martini–Henry rifle was the rifle of British and Empire forces from the early 1870s to the turn of the 20th century. It was used in areas, either by civilians or by the local military. Variants copying the Martini–Henry mechanism but using more modern cartridges were also produced, john Marlin, founder of Marlin Firearms Company, New Haven, Connecticut, introduced Marlins first lever-action repeating rifle as the Model 1881. This was chambered in rounds such as the 45/70 and 38/55 and its successor was the 1895 solid top design, which we know as the model 336 today. It also gave rise to the Marlin Model 1894, which is still in production today, by the 1890s, lever-actions had evolved into a form that would last for over a century. Both Marlin and Winchester released new model lever-action rifles in 1894, the Marlin rifle is still in production, whereas production of the Winchester 94 ceased in 2006. While externally similar, the Marlin and Winchester rifles are quite different internally, the fledgling Savage Arms Company became well known after the development of its popular hammerless Models 1895 and 1899 lever-action sporting rifles. Unlike most Winchester and the Marlin lever-action rifles, which used a tubular magazine requiring round-nose or flat-nose bullets and this allowed the 99 to use cartridges with spitzer pointed bullets for increased ballistic performance. The 99 was produced in different cartridges and several different model variations. The final models eliminated the very expensive-to-produce rotary magazine, using a box magazine instead. But the 99 was still expensive to produce when compared to the other lever-action rifles
11.
Thompson/Center Contender
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The Thompson/Center Contender is a break-action single-shot pistol or rifle that was introduced in 1967 by Thompson/Center Arms. It can be chambered in calibers from.22 Long Rifle to. 45-70 Government, warren Center, working in his basement shop in the 1960s, developed a unique, break-action, single-shot pistol. In 1965, Center joined the K. W. Thompson Tool Company, as K. W. Thompson Tool began marketing Centers Contender pistol, the company name was changed to Thompson/Center Arms Company. The most unusual feature of the Contender is how the barrel is attached to the frame, by removing the fore-end, a large hinge pin is exposed, by pushing this hinge pin out, the barrel can be removed. Since the sights and extractor remain attached to the barrel in the Contender design, a barrel of another caliber or length can be installed and pinned in place, the fore-end replaced, and the pistol is ready to shoot with a different barrel and pre-aligned sights. This allowed easy changes of calibers, sights, and barrel lengths, the initial baseline design of the Contender had no central safe position on the hammer, having only centerfire and rimfire firing pin positions, each being selectable through using a screwdriver. Three variants of the original Contender design were developed, distinguished easily by the hammer design. The first variant has a push button selector on the hammer for choosing rimfire vs, some of the very earliest Contenders, those requiring a screwdriver to switch the firing pin between rimfire and centerfire, had smooth sides, without the cougar etched on the sides. Unlike the later G2 Contender, the original Contender may be safely dry-fired to allow a shooter to become familiar with the trigger pull, the break-action only has to be cycled, while leaving the hammer in the second notch position, to practice dry-firing. G2s with switchable firing pins can be safely dry-fired with the only in the safety position. Barrels have been made in lengths of 6,8 3/4,10,12,14,16, heavier recoiling cartridge barrels have been made with integral muzzle brakes. Barrels for the original Contender may be used on the later-released G2 Contender, the earliest barrels, from early 1967 to late 1967, were all octagonal with a flat bottom lug, and were available in only 10 and 8 3/4 inch lengths. The next group of barrels, from late 1967 to 1972, were available in 6,8 3/4, later, round barrels were added in a wider variety of lengths, including 10,12, and 14. Likewise, round barrels in heavier barrel configurations, known as Super 14 pistol and Super 16 pistol barrels, carbine barrels in 16 and 21 inches were added for the Contenders. Various barrels have sometimes included ejectors as well as extractors, or extractors, only, as well as containing either a flat bottom lug, barrels have been made available in either blued or stainless configurations, to match the finish available on Contender receivers. Unlike most other actions, the break-action design does not require the barrels to be specially fitted to an individual action. Since the sights are mounted on the barrel, they remain sighted-in, Pistol grips, butt stocks and fore-ends have been made available in stained walnut, or in recoil reducing composite materials. Different pistol fore-ends are required for the octagonal versus the round versus the bull barrels, the fore-ends have had an assortment of either one or two screw attachment points, used for attaching the fore-ends to the barrel with its matching one or two attachment points
12.
Remington XP-100
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The Remington XP-100 is a bolt-action pistol produced by Remington Arms from 1963 to 1998. The XP-100 was one of the first handguns designed for long-range shooting, the XP-100 was noted for its accuracy and is still competitive today in the sport of handgun varminting, which it helped create. The XP-100 was based on Remingtons short action bolt action carbine, the Remington Model 40X, the XP-100 was initially introduced with a 10¾ barrel set into a nylon stock with an unusual center-mounted grip. Chambered in.222 Remington in early prototypes, the short barrel produced significant noise, subsequently the case was shortened to reduce powder capacity to a volume more suited to the shorter barrel of a pistol. All but the XP-100R model were single-shot designs, while the XP-100R had an internal magazine. The R model - for repeater - was made 1991-1997 in.223 Rem.250 Savage and it was reintroduced in 1998, this time without sights, in.223 Rem. 22-250 Rem.260 Rem. and.35 Rem. The XP-100 went through a number of changes during its production run, the most significant changes in the later versions were to barrel length, which went to 14½, and the grip location, which was moved to the rear of the stock. By the time the XP-100 was discontinued, it faced competition from other bolt-action pistols such as the Savage Striker as well as the versatile Thompson Center Arms break-action Contender. While the XP-100 has disappeared from Remingtons lineup, the.221 Fireball remains in production, XP-100 pistols and Remington Model 600 rifles were recalled in 1979 because of a safety issue. The bolt was locked when the safety was on, making it impossible to unload the gun. Remington made a modification available that allowed the bolt to open while the gun was on safe. List of bullpup firearms List of pistols User Manual
13.
.30-30 Winchester
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The. 30-30 Winchester/.30 Winchester Center Fire cartridge was first marketed in early 1895 for the Winchester Model 1894 lever-action rifle. The. 30-30, as it is most commonly known, was the USAs first small-bore, the.30 Winchester Smokeless first appeared in Winchesters catalog No. As chambered in the Winchester Model 1894 carbine and rifle, it was known as.30 Winchester Center Fire or.30 WCF. When the cartridge was chambered in the Marlin Model 1893 rifle, the added -30 stands for the standard load of 30 grains of early smokeless powder, according to late-19th century American naming conventions for black powder-filled cartridges. Both Marlin and Union Metallic Cartridge Co. also dropped the Winchester appellation and this designation also probably serves to avoid consumer confusion with the different, yet similarly shaped. 30-40 Krag, which has been referred to as.30 US and.30 Army. As originally produced by Winchester Repeating Arms and Union Metallic Cartridge Company, one year later, UMC produced a 170-gr bullet offering, which is still the most popular loading for the cartridge. Jacketed bullets for the. 30-30 are.308 inches in nominal diameter, cast lead bullets for the. 30-30 are also popular, and usually are dimensioned to.309 inches in diameter for use in the. 30-30. The cartridge is loaded with bullets weighing between 150 and 170 gr, but lighter loads are possible. Bullets of up to 180 gr can be used, but the length restrictions of the lever-action rifles most commonly chambered for this round limit their usefulness. In Canada and the U. S. the cartridge has also used on moose, caribou. Modern opinions in Canada on its suitability for moose are mixed, paul Robertson, a Canadian hunting firearms columnist, says, Too many moose have been taken with the to rule it out as good for this purpose, as well. In both Canada and the U. S. it has a history of use on moose. It is generally agreed that the. 30-30 is not a choice for hunters who wish to shoot animals at longer ranges. The cartridge, with flat- or round-nosed bullets, does not meet minimum standards required for moose hunting in Finland, Norway. Hunting technique and style, as well as law and culture, thor Strimbold, a Canadian who has made more than 20 one-shot kills on moose with a. 30-30, advises most moose hunters to use more than minimal power if they can handle the recoil. While the. 30-30 is legal for hunting moose in Newfoundland, Canada, one of the primary reasons for the. 30-30s popularity amongst deer hunters is its light recoil. Because the majority of rifles chambered in. 30-30 are lever-action rifles with tubular magazines, the Savage Model 99 was introduced in 1899 with a rotary magazine, in part to avoid that issue. The more aerodynamic shape results in a bullet trajectory and greater retained velocity downrange
14.
Deer
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Deer are the ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main groups are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the deer and the chital, and the Capreolinae, including the elk, reindeer, the Western roe deer. Female reindeer, and male deer of all species, grow, in this they differ from permanently horned antelope, which are in the same order, Artiodactyla. The musk deer of Asia and water chevrotain of tropical African and Asian forests are not usually regarded as true deer and form their own families, Moschidae and Tragulidae, respectively. Deer appear in art from Palaeolithic cave paintings onwards, and they have played a role in mythology, religion and their economic importance includes the use of their meat as venison, their skins as soft, strong buckskin, and their antlers as handles for knives. Deer hunting has been a sport since at least the Middle Ages. Deer live in a variety of biomes, ranging from tundra to the tropical rainforest, while often associated with forests, many deer are ecotone species that live in transitional areas between forests and thickets and prairie and savanna. The majority of deer species inhabit temperate mixed deciduous forest, mountain mixed coniferous forest, tropical seasonal/dry forest. Clearing open areas within forests to some extent may actually benefit deer populations by exposing the understory and allowing the types of grasses, weeds, additionally, access to adjacent croplands may also benefit deer. However, adequate forest or brush cover must still be provided for populations to grow, however, fallow deer have been introduced to South Africa. There are also species of deer that are highly specialized, and live almost exclusively in mountains, grasslands, swamps. Some deer have a distribution in both North America and Eurasia. Examples include the caribou that live in Arctic tundra and taiga and moose that inhabit taiga, huemul deer of South Americas Andes fill the ecological niches of the ibex and wild goat, with the fawns behaving more like goat kids. Mountain slope habitats vary from moist coniferous/mixed forested habitats to dry forests with alpine meadows higher up. The foothills and river valleys between the mountain provide a mosaic of cropland and deciduous parklands. The rare woodland caribou have the most restricted range living at altitudes in the subalpine meadows. Elk and mule deer both migrate between the alpine meadows and lower coniferous forests and tend to be most common in this region, elk also inhabit river valley bottomlands, which they share with White-tailed deer. They also live in the aspen parklands north of Calgary and Edmonton, the adjacent Great Plains grassland habitats are left to herds of elk, American bison, and pronghorn antelope
15.
Elk
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The elk, or wapiti, is one of the largest species within the deer family, Cervidae, in the world, and one of the largest land mammals in North America and Eastern Asia. This animal should not be confused with the still larger moose to which the name elk applies in British English, apart from the moose, the only other member of the deer family to rival the elk in size is the south Asian sambar. Elk range in forest and forest-edge habitat, feeding on grasses, plants, leaves, male elk have large antlers which are shed each year. Although they are native to North America and eastern Asia, they have adapted well to countries in which they have introduced, including Argentina. Their great adaptability may threaten endemic species and ecosystems into which they have been introduced, Elk are susceptible to a number of infectious diseases, some of which can be transmitted to livestock. Efforts to eliminate infectious diseases from elk populations, largely by vaccination, have had mixed success, some cultures revere the elk as a spiritual force. In parts of Asia, antlers and their velvet are used in traditional medicines, Elk are hunted as a game species. The meat is leaner and higher in protein than beef or chicken and it was long believed to be a subspecies of the European red deer, but evidence from a number of mitochondrial DNA genetic studies beginning in 1998 show that the two are distinct species. Key morphological differences that distinguish C. canadensis from C. elaphus are the formers wider rump patch and paler-hued antlers. The word elk is related to the Latin alces, Old Norse elgr, Scandinavian elg/älg and German Elch, the name wapiti is from the Shawnee and Cree word waapiti, meaning white rump. This name is used in particular for the Asian subspecies, because in Eurasia the name elk continues to be used for the moose, Asian subspecies are sometimes referred to as the maral, but this name applies primarily to the Caspian red deer, a subspecies of red deer. There is a subspecies of elk in Mongolia called the Altai wapiti, members of the genus Cervus first appear in the fossil record 25 million years ago, during the Oligocene in Eurasia, but do not appear in the North American fossil record until the early Miocene. The extinct Irish elk was not a member of the genus Cervus, until recently, red deer and elk were considered to be one species, Cervus elaphus. However, the two species have freely inter-bred in New Zealands Fiordland National Park, where the animals have all. There are numerous subspecies of elk described, with six from North America and four from Asia, populations vary as to antler shape and size, body size, coloration and mating behavior. DNA investigations of the Eurasian subspecies revealed that phenotypic variation in antlers, mane, of the six subspecies of elk known to have inhabited North America in historical times, four remain, including the Roosevelt, tule, Manitoban and Rocky Mountain. The eastern elk and Merriams elk subspecies have been extinct for at least a century, four subspecies described in Asia include the Altai wapiti and the Tianshan wapiti. Two distinct subspecies found in China and Korea are the Manchurian wapiti, the Manchurian wapiti is darker and more reddish in coloration than the other populations
16.
American black bear
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The American black bear is a medium-sized bear native to North America. It is the continents smallest and most widely distributed bear species, Black bears are omnivores, with their diets varying greatly depending on season and location. They typically live in forested areas, but do leave forests in search of food. Sometimes they become attracted to human communities because of the availability of food. The American black bear is the worlds most common bear species, along with the brown bear, it is one of only two of the eight modern bear species not considered globally threatened with extinction by the IUCN. American black bears often mark trees using their teeth and claws as a form of communication with other bears, a behavior common to many species of bears. Despite living in North America, American black bears are not closely related to bears and polar bears. American and Asian black bears are considered sister taxa, and are closely related to each other than to other species of bear. Reportedly, the sun bear is also a recent split from this lineage. A small primitive bear called Ursus abstrusus is the oldest known North American fossil member of the genus Ursus and this suggests that U. abstrusus may be the direct ancestor of the American black bear, which evolved in North America. Although Wolverton and Lyman still consider U. vitabilis an apparent precursor to modern black bears, the ancestors of American black bears and Asiatic black bears diverged from sun bears 4.58 mya. The American black bear then split from the Asian black bear 4.08 mya, the earliest American black bear fossils, which were located in Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania, greatly resemble the Asiatic species, though later specimens grew to sizes comparable to grizzlies. From the Holocene to present, American black bears seem to have shrunk in size, the American black bear lived during the same period as short-faced bears and the Florida spectacled bear. These Tremarctine bears evolved from bears that had emigrated from Asia to North America 7–8 ma, however, both Arctodus and Tremarctos had survived several other ice ages. American black bears are reproductively compatible with several other bear species, according to Jack Hannas Monkeys on the Interstate, a bear captured in Sanford, Florida, was thought to have been the offspring of an escaped female Asian black bear and a male American black bear. In 1859, a bear and a Eurasian brown bear were bred together in the London Zoological Gardens. In the reports published since this date three species have produced young, a black bear shot in autumn 1986 in Michigan was thought by some to be a black bear/grizzly bear hybrid, due to its unusually large size and its proportionately larger braincase and skull. DNA testing was unable to determine whether it was a black bear or grizzly
17.
Spitzer (bullet)
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To achieve this, the projectile must minimize air resistance in flight. Bullets with a drag coefficient decelerate less rapidly. A low drag coefficient flattens the projectiles trajectory somewhat at long ranges, the higher impact velocity of bullets with high ballistic coefficients means they retain more kinetic energy. The name spitzer is a form of the German word Spitzgeschoss. The development of spitzer bullets made military doctrines possible which expected rifle volleys at area targets at ranges up to 1,420 to 2,380 m, most spitzer bullets are loaded in intermediate and high-powered rifle cartridges. The spitzer bullet design was first introduced in 1898 as the Balle D by the French Army, the Balle D bullet was designed by Captain Georges Raymond Desaleux, in order to improve the ballistic performance of the existing French 8×50mmR Lebel service cartridge of 1886. Besides having a nose section the Balle D was also the first military rifle projectile that had a boat tail - a streamlined tapered base - to further minimize air resistance in flight. The 1898 pattern 8×50mmR Lebel Balle D spitzer nose profile combined with the boat tail resulted in a ballistic coefficient of 0.568 to 0.581, even by 21st century standards 800 m typical effective supersonic range is regarded as normal for a standard military rifle round. A new Spitzgeschoß aerodynamic bullet, credited to an independent ballistician Arthur Gleinich, was tested in 1902, after several shape revisions it entered mass production in 1904. The Spitzgeschoß nose was externally pointed like the French design and its shape was patented, the Gewehr-Prüfungskommission program resulted in the S Patrone a. k. a. The S Patrone was adopted by the German Army and Navy in 1903 and had a range of approximately 3,700 m. At the onset of World War 1 Germany developed a further refined bullet. This 12.8 grams full metal jacket s. S. - schweres Spitzgeschoß boat tail projectile had a coefficient of 0.557 to 0.593 and was loaded in the s. S. At 760 m/s muzzle velocity the s. S, Patrone had a maximum range of approximately 4,700 m and retained supersonic velocity up to and past 1,000 m under ICAO Standard Atmosphere conditions at sea level. From its 1914 introduction the s. S, Patrone was mainly issued for aerial combat and as of 1918 in the later stages of World War I to infantry machine gunners. Fifteen years after World War 1 the S Patrone was phased out, Patrone became the standard issue ball ammunition for the German military. In 1906, United States ordnance authorities arranged to purchase the license for the Spitzgeschoß bullet design from Gleinich. The Ball, M1906 rounds had a velocity of 823 m/s and had a maximum range of approximately 3,117 m
18.
.308 Winchester
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The.308 Winchester is a rimless, bottlenecked rifle cartridge and is the commercial cartridge from which the 7. 62×51mm NATO round was derived. The.308 Winchester was introduced in 1952, two prior to the NATO adoption of the 7. 62×51mm NATO T65. Winchester branded the cartridge and introduced it to the hunting market as the.308 Winchester. Winchesters Model 70 and Model 88 rifles were chambered for the new cartridge. Since then, the.308 Winchester has become the most popular short-action and it is also commonly used for civilian hunting, target shooting, Metallic Silhouette, bench rest target shooting, palma, metal matches and military sniping, and police sharpshooting. The relatively short case makes the.308 Winchester especially well-adapted for short-action rifles, when loaded with a bullet that expands, tumbles, or fragments in tissue, this cartridge is capable of high terminal performance. Their interchange is, however, considered safe by the Sporting Arms, the.308 Winchester has 3.64 ml cartridge case capacity. The exterior shape of the case was designed to promote reliable case feeding and extraction in bolt action rifles and machine guns alike, all dimensions in millimeters and inches. Americans would define the angle at alpha/2 =20 degrees. The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 305 mm,4 grooves, Ø lands =7.62 mm, Ø grooves =7.82 mm, land width =4.47 mm and the primer type is large rifle. Rulings the.308 Winchester can handle up to 415.00 MPa Pmax piezo pressure, regulated countries every rifle cartridge combo has to be proofed at 125% of this maximum C. I. P. pressure to certify for sale to consumers. This means that.308 Winchester chambered arms in C. I. P, regulated countries are currently proof tested at 519.00 MPa PE piezo pressure. North American SAAMI maximum pressure for the 308 Winchester is 62,000 PSI, the.308 Winchester is one of the most popular hunting cartridges in the United States, and possibly the world. It has gained popularity in countries as an exceptional cartridge for game in the medium- to large-sized class. In North America it is used extensively on whitetail deer, pronghorn, clay Harvey, an American gun writer, says it is usable on moose and elk. Layne Simpson, an American who has hunted in Sweden, says he is surprised how many hunters there use the cartridge, craig Boddington was told by a Norma Precision executive that the.308 is one of Normas best-selling calibers. In Africa the.308 Win is one of the most popular calibers among Bushveld hunters and is used on anything from duiker right up to the massive eland. The.308 Winchester has slightly more drop at range than the. 30-06 Springfield
19.
.223 Remington
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The.223 Remington is a rifle cartridge. The name is pronounced either two-twenty-three or two-two-three Remington. It is commercially loaded with 0.224 inch diameter jacketed bullets, with weights ranging from 40 to 85 grains, a 90 gr Sierra Matchking bullet is available for reloaders. The.223 Rem was first offered to the sporting market in December 1963 in the Remington 760 rifle. In 1964 the.223 Rem cartridge was adopted for use in the Colt M16 rifle which became a standard rifle of the U. S. Army. The military version of the uses a 55 gr full metal jacket boattail design and was designated M193. In 1980 NATO modified the.223 Remington into a new design which is designated 5. 56×45mm NATO type SS109, the cartridge and rifle were developed as one unit by Fairchild Industries, Remington Arms, and several engineers working toward a goal developed by U. S. Early development work begins in 1957, a project to create a Small Caliber High Velocity firearm is created. Eugene Stoner of Armalite is invited to scale down the AR-10 design, Winchester is also invited to participate. It was then known as the.224 Springfield, concurrently with the SCHV project Springfield armory is developing a 7.62 mm rifle. Harvey is ordered to cease all work on the SCHV to avoid any competition of resources, eugene Stoner of Armalite had been advised to produce a scaled down version of the 7.62 mm AR-10 design. In May 1957 Stoner gives a live demonstration of the prototype of the AR-15 for General Wyman. As a result, CONARC orders rifles to test, Stoner and Sierra Bullets Frank Snow begin work on the.222 Remington cartridge. Using a ballistic calculator they determine that a 55 grain bullet would have to be fired at 3, robert Hutton starts development of a powder load to reach the 3,300 fps goal. He uses DuPont IMR4198, IMR3031 and an Olin Powder to work up loads, testing is done with a Remington 722 rifle with a 22 Apex Barrel. During a public demonstration the round penetrates the US steel helmet as required. But testing shows chamber pressures to be excessively high, Stoner contacts both Winchester and Remington about increasing the case capacity. Remington creates a larger cartridge which is called the.222 Special which is loaded with DuPont IMR4475 powder,1958, During parallel testing of the T44E4 and the AR-15 the T44E4 experiences 16 failures per 1,000 rounds fired compared to 6.1 for the AR-15
20.
Table of handgun and rifle cartridges
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Table of selected handgun, submachine gun, rifle and machine gun cartridges by common name. Data values are the highest found for the cartridge, and might not occur in the same load, number of manufacturers currently producing complete cartridges - e. g. Norma, RWS, Hornady, Winchester, Federal, Remington, Sellier&Bellot, Prvi Partizan. May be none for obsolete and wildcat cartridges, a guide to the recoil from the cartridge, and an indicator of bullet penetration potential. The. 30-06 Springfield is considered the limit for tolerable recoil for inexperienced rifle shooters
21.
Remington-Keene rifle
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The Remington-Keene is an early bolt-action rifle with a tube magazine. Remington manufactured prototypes of Keenes patents for consideration by the United States Army Ordnance Department Magazine Gun Board convened in 1878, although the Army rejected the design in favor of the Winchester-Hotchkiss, Remington commenced production and offered the rifle to the United States Navy Bureau of Ordnance. The Navy purchased 250 rifles for comparison with their 2,500 Hotchkiss rifles and 300 M1885 Remington-Lee rifles. The Remington-Keene rifles were delivered in 1880 with US and an anchor stamped on the side of the barrel and WWK. These rifles remained in service for less than a decade aboard USS Trenton, in July 1880 the United States Department of the Interior purchased 600 Frontier Model carbines with 24 in barrels to arm the Indian Police on a number of reservations in the western United States. Rifles were manufactured for civilian sales chambered for. 45-70. 40-60, and.43 Spanish
22.
M1903 Springfield
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It was officially adopted as a United States military bolt-action rifle on June 19,1903, and saw service in World War I. It was officially replaced as the infantry rifle by the faster-firing semi-automatic eight-round M1 Garand starting in 1937. However, the M1903 Springfield remained in service as a standard infantry rifle during World War II. It also remained in service as a rifle during World War II, the Korean War. It remains popular as a firearm, historical collectors piece. Troops armed with outclassed Springfield Model 1892–99 Krag–Jørgensen bolt-action rifles and older single-shot Springfield rifles, the Spanish soldiers inflicted 1,400 U. S. casualties in a matter of minutes. A U. S. Army board of investigation was commissioned as a result of this battle. They recommended replacement of the Krag, the M1903 not only replaced the various versions of the U. S. The two main problems cited with the Krag were its slow-to-load magazine and its inability to handle higher chamber pressures for high-velocity rounds. The United States Army attempted to introduce a higher-velocity cartridge in 1899 for the existing Krags, though a stripper-clip or charger loading modification to the Krag was designed, it was clear to Army authorities that a new rifle was required. In 1882, the bolt action.45 Remington Lee rifle design of 1879, several hundred 1882 Lee Navy Models were also subjected to trials by the U. S. Army during the 1880s, though the rifle was not formally adopted. The Navy adopted the Model 1885, and later different style Lee Model 1895, in Army service, both the 1885 and 1895 6mm Lee were used in the Spanish–American War, along with the.30 Krag and the. 45-70 Model 1873 Springfield. The Lee rifles detachable box magazine was invented by James Paris Lee, other advancements had made it clear that the Army needed a replacement. In 1892, the U. S. military held a series of rifle trials, the Krag officially entered U. S. service in 1894, only to be replaced nine years later by the Springfield M1903. A prototype rifle was produced in 1900, interestingly, it was similar to Rifle No.5. This design was rejected, and a new design combining features of the 1898 Krag rifle, Springfield began work on creating a rifle that could handle higher loads around the turn of the 20th century. Taking a cue from the 1898 Mauser Gewehr 98, a safety lug was added to the side of the bolt behind the extractor. The bolt handle was also bent downwards, to make operation of the bolt faster, the Springfield Model 1901 almost entered production
23.
Pattern 1914 Enfield
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The Rifle.303 Pattern 1914 was a British service rifle of the First World War period. A bolt action weapon with an integral 5-round magazine, it was principally contract manufactured by companies in the United States and it served as a sniper rifle and as second line and reserve issue until being declared obsolete in 1947. The Pattern 1914 Enfield was the successor to the Pattern 1913 Enfield experimental rifle, during the Boer War the British were faced with accurate long-range fire from Mauser rifles, model 1893 and 1895, in 7×57mm caliber. This smaller, high-velocity round prompted the War Department to develop their own magnum round, the primary contractor was unable to produce more than a handful of rifles, so the P14 became a de facto afterthought. The Short Magazine Lee–Enfield therefore remained the standard British rifle during World War I, shortly afterwards a modification was made to enlarge the bolt lugs and the rifle became the Mark I*. Eventually Winchester would manufacture 235,293 rifles, Remington 400,000 and Eddystone 600,000, when the U. S. entered World War I, the P14 was modified and standardized by the U. S. Ordnance Department and went into production at the factories as had produced the P14, production of that rifle having ceased. Sometimes called the M1917 Enfield, it was chambered for the standard US, in 1926 the Pattern 1914 Enfield was re-designated by the British military as the No3Mk1. Prior to and during World War II, the Pattern 1914 Enfield was used, post Dunkirk and with the great loss of arms that the British forces endured in 1940 the No3Mk1 stock suddenly became a valued resource. The rifle was used again as a sniper rifle, the configuration being different from the World War I incarnation. The Australian Army also used some quantities of the variant of the P14 during World War II. Once sufficient numbers were built up of the Short Magazine Lee–Enfields, the P14/No3Mk1 was declared obsolete in British service in 1947. Adapting the design to fire the standard.303 British round led to the Rifle.303 Pattern 1914, with its prominent sight protection ears on the receiver, dog-leg bolt handle and pot-belly magazine, it was distinctive in appearance. The P14 was a design for the time, and was said to be the most advanced service rifle of World War I. The Pattern 1914 Enfield had a large, strong action. The bolt action had a Model 98 Mauser type claw extractor, the unusual dog-leg bolt handle is low profile and places the knob close to the firers hand, again facilitating rapid fire. Like the Lee–Enfield, the safety falls under the firers thumb, the rifle was designed with a iron sight line consisting of rear receiver aperture battle sight calibrated for. The ladder aperture sight moves vertically on a slide, and hence was not able to correct for wind drift, the front sighting element consisted of a wing guards protected front post, and was adjusted laterally and locked into position during assembly at the arsenal
24.
M1917 Enfield
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Numerically, it was the main rifle used by the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe during World War I. The Danish Slædepatruljen Sirius still use the M1917 as their service weapon, before World War I, the British had the Short Magazine Lee–Enfield as their main rifle. Compared to the German Mausers or U. S.1903 Springfield, the starting point was to copy many of the features of the Mauser system. The rifle was developed at the Royal Small Arms Factory at Enfield in the United Kingdom. This development, named the Pattern 1913 Enfield or P13, included a front locking, dual lug bolt action with Mauser type claw extractor as well as a new, powerful rimless.276 Enfield cartridge. The design carried over a Lee–Enfield type safety at the rear of the action, an advanced design of aperture rearsight and a long sight radius were incorporated to maximize accuracy potential. Ease of manufacture was also an important criterion, however, the onset of World War I came too quickly for the UK to put it into production before the new cartridge could be perfected, as it suffered from overheating in rapid fire and bore fouling. As it entered World War I, the UK had an urgent need for rifles and they decided to ask these companies to produce the new rifle design in the old.303 British chambering for convenience of ammunition logistics. The new rifle was termed the Pattern 14, in the case of the P14 rifle, Winchester and Remington were selected. A third manufacturer, Eddystone Arsenal – a subsidiary of Remington – was tooled up at the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Eddystone, thus, three variations of the P14 and M1917 exist, labeled Winchester, Remington and Eddystone. When the U. S. entered the war, it had a similar need for rifles, the Enfield design was well-suited to the. 30-06 Springfield, it was a big, strong action and was originally intended to employ a long, powerful, rimless bottlenecked cartridge. Eddystone made 1,181,908 rifles – more than the production of Remington, the standardized production effort regarding parts interchangeability did not work out as intended. Winchester produced slightly differing parts, leading to interchangeability issues with the Remington, the markings were changed to reflect the model and caliber change. A16. 5-inch blade bayonet, the M1917 bayonet was produced for use on the rifle and it would later be used on several other small arms like the M97 and M12 trench shotguns and early M1 Garands. The new rifle was used alongside the M1903 Springfield and quickly surpassed the Springfield design in numbers produced, by November 11,1918 about 75% of the AEF in France were armed with M1917s. An M1917 Enfield rifle may have used by Sergeant Alvin C. York on October 8,1918, during the event that would see him awarded the Medal of Honor, according to his diary, Sergeant York also used a Colt M1911 semi-automatic pistol on that day. After the armistice, the M1917 rifles were placed in storage for the most part, during the 1920s and 1930s a large number of M1917 rifles were released for civilian use through the NRA or were sold as surplus
25.
Remington Model 6
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Remington Arms Company, LLC is an American manufacturer of firearms and ammunition in the United States. It was founded in 1816 by Eliphalet Remington in Ilion, New York, as E. Remington, Remington is Americas oldest gun maker and Its Americas oldest factory that still makes its original product-guns. It is the only U. S. company which produces both firearms and ammunition domestically and is the largest U. S. producer of shotguns, Remington has also developed or adopted more cartridges than any other gun maker or ammunition manufacturer in the world. Additionally its products are distributed in over 60 foreign countries, making its distribution base, Remington Arms is part of the Freedom Group, which is owned by Cerberus Capital Management. Remington built a new plant in Huntsville, Alabama which is now building Modern Sporting Rifles, the Remington company was founded in 1816. Eliphalet Remington II believed he could build a gun than he could buy. Farming communities in the region were famous for their skills and self-sufficiency. Remingtons father was a blacksmith, and wanted to expand his business into rifle barrel production, local residents often built their own rifles to save on costs, but purchased the barrel. Remingtons father sent him to a barrel maker in a major city to purchase a barrel. At the time, the method was to heat and wrap long flat bars of iron around a rod of the caliber desired. By heating and hammering the coiled bars around the central rod, after the young man returned home, his family added a successful barrel making operation to his fathers forge, in Ilion Gorge, New York. Remington began designing and building a rifle for himself. At age 23, he entered a match, though he only finished second. Before Remington left the field day, he had received so many orders from other competitors that he was now officially in the gunsmithing business. By 1828, the moved to nearby Ilion, New York. On March 7,1888, ownership of E. Remington & Sons left possession of the Remington family and was sold to new owners, Marcellus Hartley, at this time the name was formally changed to the Remington Arms Company. The Bridgeport site became the home of Remingtons ammunition plant, in 1912, Remington and Union Metallic Cartridge Company were combined into a single entity, called Remington UMC. In 1915, the plant at Ilion was expanded, and with this expansion became basically the same plant as today, during World War I, Remington produced arms under contract for several Allied powers
26.
Remington Model 7
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Remington Arms Company, LLC is an American manufacturer of firearms and ammunition in the United States. It was founded in 1816 by Eliphalet Remington in Ilion, New York, as E. Remington, Remington is Americas oldest gun maker and Its Americas oldest factory that still makes its original product-guns. It is the only U. S. company which produces both firearms and ammunition domestically and is the largest U. S. producer of shotguns, Remington has also developed or adopted more cartridges than any other gun maker or ammunition manufacturer in the world. Additionally its products are distributed in over 60 foreign countries, making its distribution base, Remington Arms is part of the Freedom Group, which is owned by Cerberus Capital Management. Remington built a new plant in Huntsville, Alabama which is now building Modern Sporting Rifles, the Remington company was founded in 1816. Eliphalet Remington II believed he could build a gun than he could buy. Farming communities in the region were famous for their skills and self-sufficiency. Remingtons father was a blacksmith, and wanted to expand his business into rifle barrel production, local residents often built their own rifles to save on costs, but purchased the barrel. Remingtons father sent him to a barrel maker in a major city to purchase a barrel. At the time, the method was to heat and wrap long flat bars of iron around a rod of the caliber desired. By heating and hammering the coiled bars around the central rod, after the young man returned home, his family added a successful barrel making operation to his fathers forge, in Ilion Gorge, New York. Remington began designing and building a rifle for himself. At age 23, he entered a match, though he only finished second. Before Remington left the field day, he had received so many orders from other competitors that he was now officially in the gunsmithing business. By 1828, the moved to nearby Ilion, New York. On March 7,1888, ownership of E. Remington & Sons left possession of the Remington family and was sold to new owners, Marcellus Hartley, at this time the name was formally changed to the Remington Arms Company. The Bridgeport site became the home of Remingtons ammunition plant, in 1912, Remington and Union Metallic Cartridge Company were combined into a single entity, called Remington UMC. In 1915, the plant at Ilion was expanded, and with this expansion became basically the same plant as today, during World War I, Remington produced arms under contract for several Allied powers
27.
Remington Model 30
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Most early rifles were in the military. 30-06 calibre used in the M1917 but it became available in a variety of chamberings. It was the first high-powered bolt-action sporting rifle produced by Remington, the action was a modified Mauser design with dual front locking lugs and a rear safety lug where the base of the bolt handle fitted into a recess in the receiver. The action was large, strong and robust, and therefore suited to powerful sporting cartridges under development. The action used a box magazine and the Mauser-type claw extractor for controlled round feeding for excellent reliability. The barrel used on initial versions was of the shape as the original military one, except it was polished. The trigger mechanism was initially the same two-stage military type, Remington used the same steel and heat treatment as for the M1917 rifles, although improving the dimensional tolerances and the standard of finish. The actions were proof-tested to 70,000 psi breech pressure and it was decided to make a sporting version of the P14-M1917 model rifles at the Ilion plant. In 1921, Remington introduced the Model 30 High Power sporting rifle in caliber 30-06 Springfield and these changes made for a better-looking rifle but magazine capacity was reduced from 6 to 5 rounds. The barrel was of the military profile but shortened slightly to 24, the barreled action was placed into a sporter type stock of plain American black walnut with a schnabel fore-end and a steel buttplate grooved to prevent slipping. A simple receiver aperture sight was fitted to the bridge by a dovetail. This sight was discontinued and replaced with one mounted further forward on the barrel band. The Mauser-type cock-on-closing feature, and the double-stage military-type trigger were retained, in 1926, the stock was refined with a higher and thicker comb. A crossbolt was added, and checkering of the pistol grip, there was a deluxe Model 30S made 1930–32 with a better designed and chequered stock, a Lyman 48 receiver type sight called Model 30 Express. In 1932–33 some substantial changes were made, the action was changed to cock as the bolt handle was lifted, and the trigger was altered to a short, single-stage pull. However, this was unnecessary on a rifle and the Mauser M98 and M1903 Springfield type cock-on-opening bolt was preferred by American sportsmen. By 1939 all receivers were drilled and tapped to accept a receiver sight, production stopped in 1940 with the introduction of the Model 720. The 720 was the improvement of the original Enfield action by Remington. It was replaced in 1948 by the much-simplified Model 721 and 722 rifles, the Model 30 had a 24 inch barrel, and was available in. 30-06 Springfield only - S/N between 00001 and 30600
28.
Remington Model 34
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The Remington Model 34 is a bolt-action rifle that was manufactured by Remington Arms from 1932 until 1935. The Model 34 is a conventional bolt-action, tube fed rifle, though conventional in layout and design, the Model 34 and 341 feature a patented lifter mechanism that presents cartridges to the chamber without the bullet touching rear of the chamber. This prevents damage to the bullet and conceivably increases accuracy potential, Remington updated the Model 34 and the Model 341 replaced it in the product line. Model 34 NRA The Model 34 NRA variant had the same specs as the standard model except that it featured a Patridge front and it was also fitted with a sling for carrying the rifle
29.
Remington Model 511 Scoremaster
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The Remington Model 511 Scoremaster is a bolt-action rifle manufactured by Remington Arms from 1939 until 1963. The Model 511 has a 25-inch barrel, a hardwood stock. Model 511P The Model 511P had the same specs as the model but with a patridge-type blade front sight. Model 511SB The Model 511SB was the model with open sights. Model 511X The Model 511X featured improved sights and was produced from 1965 until 1966
30.
Remington Model 512 Sportsmaster
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The Remington Model 512 Sportsmaster is a bolt-action rifle manufactured by Remington Arms. The Model 512 has a 25-inch barrel, a hardwood stock. An unusual feature of this rifle is that it uses a magazine in conjunction with a bolt action. Model 512P The Model 512P had the same specs as the model but with a patridge-type blade front sight. Model 512SB The Model 512SB was the model with open sights. Model 512X The Model 512X featured improved sights and was produced from 1964 until 1966
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Remington Model 513
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The Remington Model 513 Matchmaster is a bolt-action rifle, manufactured from 1940 to 1968. Since the rifle was designed for shooting, it came equipped with a sturdy half stock with sling swivels, a beavertail fore end. Matchmaster barrels were a 27 heavy target semi-floating type, the patented Matchmaster trigger mechanism had an adjustable stop. The Matchmaster was made to only the. 22-caliber Long Rifle cartridge from a detachable magazine. Civilian versions of the Matchmaster have a finish, while those made for U. S. Army. A letter code was stamped on the side of the barrel. Usually the two letters indicate the month and year in which the rifle was manufactured. The first and/or fourth characters are inspectors stamps, the serial number of the rifle was stamped on the underside of the barrel, just forward of the stock. Model 513T rifles came equipped with Redfield aperture sights, 27-inch heavy barrel, target stock made of American Walnut, the T suffix indicates that the rifle was the target model, originally equipped with target sights. The S variant is medium-weight sporter rifle, Model 513TS or 513S rifles were sporter models equipped with regular sporting-style sights. The S had a barrel, a ramp or post front sight. The Model 513TX was set up for a scope and came with no sights, there was a contract from the government to Remington for 10,000.22 target rifles in 1940. During World War II, 513T rifle were used by the Army for training purposes and this included issue to DCM affiliated clubs for training juniors, and to ROTC units. Those rifles that were purchased by the Army were stamped U. S, PROPERTY on the barrel and the receiver. According to the Remington website, approximately 137,302 Model 513s were manufactured, today Remington 513T Matchmasters are still being used in smallbore competitions and are worth from $200 to $700, depending on their condition. Firearm Model History - Remington Model 513 Matchmaster REMINGTON DATES OF MANUFACTURE
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Remington Model 600
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Remington Arms Model 600 was a push-feed bolt-action rifle produced by Remington Arms from 1964–1968. While it is believed that production ended in 1967, according to Remington representatives records indicate that it actually ended in 1968. This Model was the precursor to the Model 660, the Model Mohawk 600, the Model 600 was designed to be a guide rifle. Its most noticeable feature was the vent rib barrel, the rarest is the one chambered in.223 Remington, only 227 were produced—most in the final year of production. Before it was added to the line, you could order a Model 600 out of the custom gun shop in.223. At least one Model 600 in.223 came out of the Remington Custom Shop in 1966, a successor model, the Remington Mohawk 600 available in.222.243 and.308 comprised total production of only 142 with a Mannlicher-style stock. But the rarest Original Model 600 was and remains the.223, there were several variations in the original production line and they were the,600 Magnum Carbine, 75th Anniversary Montana Statehood, & 100th Anniversary Montana Territory. Same as the Model 600 except that it was available in 6. 5mm Remington Magnum, also featured a laminated walnut stock, recoil pad and sling. Same specs as the Model 600 except featuring an 18.5 in barrel with no rib and it was a promotional model produced from 1971-1980. While loved by the majority of its owners, the death knell of the original Model 600 and its descendants were its looks, it was despised by critics. The original barrel length of 18.5 inches resulted in more felt muzzle blast and this actuality and perception led to failure of the.350 Rem Mag cartridge in the later guns of different models too. Remington finally abandoned the cartridge in the late 1970s, until resurrected in 2003 with the Model 673, the 600 series received attention through the writings of Jeff Cooper, who used the model 600 as the basis for his Scout I and Super Scout scout rifles
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Remington Model 660
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The Remington Model 660 is a bolt-action rifle manufactured by Remington Arms from 1968 to 1971. The rifle was intended as a replacement for the Model 600, the Model 660 emerged from the success of the Model 600, which was originally produced from 1964 to 1967. In 1968, the Model 660 was introduced as a redesign of the Model 600, main changes included elimination of the ventilated rib and a 2-inch increase in the length of the barrel. After 3 years, the M660 was discontinued and the Model 600 Mohawk was introduced, Model 660 Magnum Same specs as the standard model except featuring a laminated walnut stock for added strength. It also featured quick detachable sling swivels and a recoil pad, the Model 660, along with many Model 600s was affected by a recall in 1979 to remedy a problem with the bolt lock safety that under certain circumstances allowed accidental discharge
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Remington Model 700
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The Remington Model 700 is a series of bolt-action rifles manufactured by Remington Arms since 1962. All are based on the same centerfire bolt action and they often come with a 3-, 4- or 5-round internal magazine depending on caliber, some of which have a floor-plate for quick-unloading, and some of which are blind. The rifle can also be ordered with a box magazine. The Model 700 is available in many different stock, barrel and it is a development of the Remington 721 and 722 series of rifles, which were introduced in 1948. The Remington 700 action is designed for mass production and it is a manually operated bolt action with two forward dual-opposed lugs. The bolt face is recessed, fully enclosing the base of the cartridge, the ejector is a plunger on the bolt face actuated by a coil spring. The bolt is of 3-piece construction, brazed together, the receiver is milled from round cross-section steel. The Remington 700 comes in a number of variants, with different stocks, barrel configurations, metal finishes. In addition, there are three lengths of action, the symmetrical two-lug bolt body has a.695 in diameter. The differing action dimensions influence lock time, the long action has a lock time of 3.0 milliseconds and the short action has a 15% faster lock time of 2.6 milliseconds. To these can be added various magazine configurations, a magazine which has no floorplate, a conventional magazine with detachable floorplate. There are standard consumer versions as well as designed for military. Some variants come with bipods, slings and other accessories, there are several variants of the consumer version of the Model 700, including, Model 700 Model 700 SPS Model 700 ADL Model 700 BDL Model 700 CDL Model 700 VTR Model 700 Safari. Heavy barrel versions with laminated stocks like the Model 700 SPS varmint are available for varmint hunting, the Model 700 ADL was replaced as the most economical Model 700 by the Model 700 SPS in newer production. The 700CDL is usually higher priced than the 700BDL, but has a barrel in comparison. The Mil-Spec refers solely to the 5-R rifling profile designed by Boots Obermeyer and used in the single broach-cut barrels he produces for use in the M24, M40, the contour of the hammer-forged production Remington barrel is much thinner than that used in the M24 and M40 rifle systems. Remington produced a 700 ML muzzleloading rifle from 1996 onward, the EtronX electronic primer ignition system was implemented in the Model 700 EtronX introduced in 2000. There are two models of the 700P – the standard 700P with a 26 heavy barrel and the 700P Light Tactical Rifle which has a 20 fluted heavy barrel
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Remington Model 710
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The Remington 710 series is a descendant of the popular Remington 700 rifle, and was manufactured by Remington Arms from 2001 to 2006 at their Manufacturing plant in Mayfield, KY. The Remington 710 is a moderately priced rifle, with the synthetic stock and the already mounted scope, it makes an adequate rifle for the novice shooter or hunter. This particular model has been criticized, however, because many of the polymer receiver which was replaced with a steel one in the final production year. The Remington 710 was significantly improved by Remington and renamed the Remington 770, the 710 model is now discontinued. There was a recall for the Remington 710, between July and October 2002, for improperly made safety detent springs, the Remington website provides a check for 710 owners to determine if they are affected
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Remington Model 721
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The Model 721,722, and 725 are bolt-action firearms manufactured by Remington Arms from 1948 through 1962. They replaced the earlier Model 30 and abortive Model 720, though produced in relatively small numbers compared to the Winchester Model 70, the Remington model 721 series served as the basis for the highly successful Model 700 series of rifles. The Remington Model 721 was born out of Remingtons experience building martial arms during the Second World War, because of the need to make numerous arms cheaply, manufacturing technology had advanced to a point where production of pre-war models had become too expensive. The Model 720, an improved Model 30, had designed as the flagship bolt-action rifle for Remington. Remington had a choice of resuming production of a rifle or simplifying the design for mass economical production. When compared to the Mauser 98 action, the Remington introduced several features meant to decrease production time, the first was a redesign of the receiver from a billet-machined structure to a round profile. The round receiver can be produced on a rather than requiring a mill. The recoil lug was a plate of steel sandwiched between the barrel and receiver. The bolt was redesigned and made from multiple pieces, the large claw extractor was eliminated in favor of a small, but effective part mounted in a newly recessed bolt face. The ejector was now a plunger on the face rather than a blade mounted in the receiver. The safety was simplified and a new mechanism was fitted. The Model 722 was a version designed for shorter cartridges. The Model 725 was a version with a larger, Model-30 style safety. All rifles were available in grades and calibers. 721A Standard grade 721BDL Deluxe grade 722A Standard grade 722BDL Deluxe grade 725 Model 721 Bolt Action Centerfire Rifle at Remington Arms web site
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Remington Model 770
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The Remington model 770 is a magazine-fed bolt-action rifle marketed as a lower-cost alternative to the popular model 700. The model 770 is manufactured in several popular sporting cartridges, Remington Arms has a history of producing lower-cost alternatives to its flagship model 700 including the Remington 788 and earlier model 710 on which the model 770 is based. The Remington model 770 is a fed, bolt action. The 770 is available in 243 Win,270 Win, 7mm-08 Rem, 7mm Rem Mag, 30-06 Sprg,300 Win Mag, the standard, factory magazine can hold up to 4 rounds plus 1 loaded directly into the chamber. The factory model includes a mounted, boresighted 3-9x40mm scope that comes sighted in to hit a target at 100 yards, available in black, synthetic composite, various real tree composite designs, and original wooden stocks
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Remington Model 788
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The Remington 788 is a bolt-action, centerfire rifle that was made by Remington Arms from 1967 to 1983. It was marketed as an inexpensive yet accurate hunting rifle to compete with other gun companies less expensive rifles alongside their more expensive Model 700 line, the 788 utilizes a single-column detachable magazine holding 3 rounds. A.22 rimfire model was produced known as the 580,581. A target version of the.22 caliber 58x series, the 540X, was used by the US military as a training rifle, the Remington 788 has two distinguishing design features. The first is the rear-lugged bolt, the bolt has nine lugs in three rows of three lugs each. They lock into the receiver behind the magazine well, due to this design, the bolt handle lifts only 60 degrees on opening giving more clearance for scopes compared to the 90 degrees required for the Model 700 and other two-lug rifles. The bolt travel is reduced because of the rear lugs. The bolt pictured is a pre-1975 locking model from a.308 Winchester caliber rifle, the locking bolt requires the safety to be in the fire or off position in order to rotate the handle and actuate the bolt. Rifles manufactured from 1975 to 1983 have non-locking bolts which can be actuated while the safety is engaged, the second distinguishing feature is the receiver. It has an ejection port than similar bolt-action rifles. The single stack magazine design yields a smaller feed opening in the bottom of the receiver compared to using a double stack magazine well. A rifles accuracy tends to increase slightly as the rigidity of the receiver increases, thus the Remington 788 has the structural foundation to be a very accurate rifle. A left-handed version was produced in.308 and 6mm Remington calibers, the Carbine version with an 18. 5-inch barrel was produced in.308 Winchester, 7mm-08, and.243. The stock was revised in 1980 being the only significant change throughout the production history, the following table presents a breakdown of this rifles 15 year production run by caliber, year, and configuration
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Remington Model 798
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The Remington Model 798 is a bolt-action rifle that was sold by Remington Arms from 2006 until 2008. The gun was made as a hunting rifle and it is composed of an imported Zastava Arms barreled action assembled with a laminated stock after import to the United States. It is based on a Mauser 98 action and it is chambered for.243 Winchester.308 Winchester. 30-06 Springfield.270 Winchester, 7mm Remington. Magnum.300 Winchester. Magnum.375 H&H Magnum and.458 Winchester. Magnum. It is drilled and tapped for scope mounts and it can have a barrel length of 22,24 or 26 inches. It weighs 7 pounds, and has a laminated stock. The standard variant costs $599, and the Magnum versions can cost anything between $638 and $839
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M24 Sniper Weapon System
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The M24 is referred to as a weapon system because it consists of not only a rifle, but also a detachable telescopic sight and other accessories. The M24 SWS has the long action bolt version of the Remington 700 receiver but is chambered for the 7. 62×51mm NATO short action cartridge that has a length of 2.750 inches. The long action allows the rifle to be re-configured for dimensionally larger cartridges up to 3.340 inches in overall length, the M24 originally came tapped for the Leupold Ultra M3A 10×42mm fixed-power scope, which came with a circle-shaped mil-dot glass-etched reticle. This was later replaced in 1998 by the cheaper Leupold Mk 4 LR/T M1 10×40mm fixed-power scope with an elongated-shaped mil-dot wire reticle, the first number is the scopes magnification and the second number in millimeters is the diameter of the objective lens. A fixed power scope has only one magnification and a variable power scope can be adjusted to focus between a range of magnifications, the rifle itself comes with a detachable Harris 9–13 1A2-LM or Harris 9–13 1A2-L bipod unit. The M24 SWS was to be replaced with the M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System, however, the Army still continued to acquire M24s from Remington until February 2010 and upgraded to the A2 and M24E1 standard in many cases, continuing to serve. The Army chose to upgrade its entire M24 rifle fleet to the M2010 Enhanced Sniper Rifle, Sights, Leupold Ultra M3A 10×42mm fixed power, or Leupold Mk 4 LR/T M3 10×40mm fixed power scope. In 2001 when Remington had the contract to the U. S. military. Redfield was out of business by then, necessitating a change, barrel, Made of 416R stainless steel. The bore twist is 1-turn-in-11.25 inches and the rifling is five radial lands, because of the odd number of lands, none of the lands are 180° apart, i. e. in direct opposition. This results in less bullet deformation, which produces more consistent point of impact, in 5-R rifling, the side of the land is cut at a 65° angle, rather than 90° in conventional rifling. Stock, H-S Precision PST-024, the model with the fixed cheek piece, adjustable LOP, the stock secures the action via an aluminum bedding block to keep it rigid. A twin-strut extension that pulls out of the butt allows a 2-inch adjustment to length-of-pull and this is effected by a thick wheel on a central grooved pillar for adjusting the length and a thin locking ring behind it locks the thick wheel in place. The stock is made from a polymer foam reinforced with fiberglass, carbon fiber. They were rigorously tested before being approved by Remington and the military, accuracy, According to MIL-R-71126, the M24 shall achieve the accuracy results stated below when using M118 Special Ball and fired from a Government approved machine rest. The actual rifle requirements for accuracy were.35 MOA from a machine rest and he stated, Interesting side note was there was a 10,000 round requirement for the barrel to maintain the original accuracy. In fact after some 10,000 round tests we discovered the accuracy improved, a few barrels were tested past 20,000 and accuracy never went below the original accuracy requirement. Maximum effective range is given as 800 meters, but record shots have been made with the M24 at over 1,000 meters, meanwhile, the standard optical sight has a maximum elevation adjustment of 1,000 meters
