1.
.308 Winchester
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The.308 Winchester is a rimless, bottlenecked rifle cartridge and is the commercial cartridge from which the 7. 62×51mm NATO round was derived. The.308 Winchester was introduced in 1952, two prior to the NATO adoption of the 7. 62×51mm NATO T65. Winchester branded the cartridge and introduced it to the hunting market as the.308 Winchester. Winchesters Model 70 and Model 88 rifles were chambered for the new cartridge. Since then, the.308 Winchester has become the most popular short-action and it is also commonly used for civilian hunting, target shooting, Metallic Silhouette, bench rest target shooting, palma, metal matches and military sniping, and police sharpshooting. The relatively short case makes the.308 Winchester especially well-adapted for short-action rifles, when loaded with a bullet that expands, tumbles, or fragments in tissue, this cartridge is capable of high terminal performance. Their interchange is, however, considered safe by the Sporting Arms, the.308 Winchester has 3.64 ml cartridge case capacity. The exterior shape of the case was designed to promote reliable case feeding and extraction in bolt action rifles and machine guns alike, all dimensions in millimeters and inches. Americans would define the angle at alpha/2 =20 degrees. The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 305 mm,4 grooves, Ø lands =7.62 mm, Ø grooves =7.82 mm, land width =4.47 mm and the primer type is large rifle. Rulings the.308 Winchester can handle up to 415.00 MPa Pmax piezo pressure, regulated countries every rifle cartridge combo has to be proofed at 125% of this maximum C. I. P. pressure to certify for sale to consumers. This means that.308 Winchester chambered arms in C. I. P, regulated countries are currently proof tested at 519.00 MPa PE piezo pressure. North American SAAMI maximum pressure for the 308 Winchester is 62,000 PSI, the.308 Winchester is one of the most popular hunting cartridges in the United States, and possibly the world. It has gained popularity in countries as an exceptional cartridge for game in the medium- to large-sized class. In North America it is used extensively on whitetail deer, pronghorn, clay Harvey, an American gun writer, says it is usable on moose and elk. Layne Simpson, an American who has hunted in Sweden, says he is surprised how many hunters there use the cartridge, craig Boddington was told by a Norma Precision executive that the.308 is one of Normas best-selling calibers. In Africa the.308 Win is one of the most popular calibers among Bushveld hunters and is used on anything from duiker right up to the massive eland. The.308 Winchester has slightly more drop at range than the. 30-06 Springfield
2.
.30-06 Springfield
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The.30 refers to the caliber of the bullet, and the 06 refers to the year the cartridge was adopted—1906. It replaced the. 30-03, 6mm Lee Navy, and. 30-40 Krag cartridges and it remains a very popular sporting round, with ammunition produced by all major manufacturers. In the early 1890s, the U. S. military adopted the smokeless powder. 30-40 Krag rimmed cartridge, the 1894 version of that cartridge used a 220-grain round-nose bullet. Around 1901, the U. S. started developing an experimental rimless cartridge for a Mauser action with box magazine and that led to the 1903. 30-03 rimless service round that used the same 220-grain round-nose bullet as the Krag. The. 30-03 achieved a velocity of 2,300 ft/s. Consequently, the round-nosed U. S. 30-03 service cartridge was falling behind. For these reasons, the U. S. military developed a new, lighter, cartridge in 1906, the cartridge was loaded with Military Rifle 21 propellant, and its maximum range was claimed to be 4,700 yd. The M1903 Springfield rifle, which had been introduced alongside the. 30-03 cartridge, was modified to accept the new. 30-06 Springfield cartridge. Modifications to the rifle included shortening the barrel at its breech and resizing the chamber, other changes to the rifle included elimination of the troublesome rod bayonet of the earlier Springfield rifles. The M1906 maximum range was originally overstated, when the M1906 cartridge was developed, the range tests had been done to only 1,800 yards, distances beyond that were estimated, but the estimate for extreme range was wrong by almost 40 percent. The range discrepancy became evident during World War I, before the widespread employment of light mortars and artillery, long-range machine gun barrage or indirect fires were considered important in U. S. infantry tactics. When the US entered World War I, it did not have machine guns, so it acquired British. When those weapons were replaced with US machine guns firing the M1906 round. Firing tests performed around 1918 at Borden Brook Reservoir, Miami, patrone was inroduced in 1914 and used a 197. 5-grain s. S. - schweres Spitzgeschoß boat-tail bullet which had a maximum range of approximately 5,140 yd. Its maximum range was approximately 5,500 yd. Additionally, wartime surplus totaled over 2 billion rounds of ammunition. Army regulations called for training use of the oldest ammunition first, as a result, the older. 30-06 ammunition was expended for training, stocks of.30 M1 Ball ammunition were allowed to slowly grow until all of the older M1906 ammunition had been fired. By 1936, it was discovered that the range of the.30 M1 Ball ammunition with its boat-tailed spitzer bullets was beyond the safety limitations of many ranges. An emergency order was made to manufacture quantities of ammunition that matched the ballistics of the earlier M1906 cartridge as soon as possible
3.
.375 H&H Magnum
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The.375 Holland & Holland Magnum is a medium-bore rifle cartridge. The.375 H&H was only the second ever to feature a belt. On these new rimless cartridges the belt replaced the rim in ensuring the correct headspace, the British company Holland & Holland introduced the cartridge in 1912 as the.375 Belted Rimless Nitro-Express. It initially used cordite propellant which was made in long strands – hence the shape of this cartridge. The.375 H&H often is cited as one of the most useful all-round rifle cartridges, especially in shooting large and dangerous game. In many regions with thick-skinned dangerous game animals, the.375 H&H is seen as the minimum acceptable caliber, and in many places it is now the legal minimum for hunting such game. African game guides, professional hunters, and cullers of dangerous game have repeatedly voted the.375 H&H as their preference for an all-round caliber if they could only have one rifle. The 9. 5×57mm Mannlicher–Schönauer cartridge had a influence on British rifle manufacturers and was soon adopted by Westley Richards. In an effort to compete, Holland & Holland introduced the. 400/375 Belted Nitro Express, the. 400/375 H&H as it is sometimes known was the first cartridge manufactured to feature a belt. The addition of a belt to a cartridge design provided the advantage of allowing for correct headspacing of highly tapered cartridges. The introduction of the 9. 3×62mm Mauser cartridge in 1905 had a profound, compared to the British double rifles, the Mauser was a far cheaper rifle to manufacture and therefore cheaper to acquire. The double rifles gained little from industrialization whereas the Mauser rifles had gained from production due to contracts to produce military rifles for many countries. The result was cheap magazine rifles capable of firing one of the very best candidates for the all round hunting cartridge in Africa. The influence of Mausers 98 action should not be understated, British gunmakers such as Rigby were purchasing the Mauser 98 actions for use in their own rifles with their own cartridges. The 9. 3×62mm demonstrated that it was adequate for everything from the Elephant to the dik-dik and had acquired a reputation to match and this trend did not go unnoticed by British rifle manufacturers. Secondly, the cartridge would require a high velocity so as to provide this penetration at extended ranges, the high velocity of the cartridge would have the added advantage of serving as a marketing tool. Thirdly, the cartridge must function reliably through a rifle in tropical conditions. Holland & Holland had determined that to provide adequate penetration a bullet with the sectional density similar to the 9. 3×62mm required impact velocities of about 2,150 ft/s, drawing from anecdotal evidence of hunters it was also determined that high velocities provided impressive kills on game
4.
Cartridge (firearms)
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Military and commercial producers continue to pursue the goal of caseless ammunition. A cartridge without a bullet is called a blank, One that is completely inert is called a dummy. Some artillery ammunition uses the same concept as found in small arms. In other cases, the shell is separate from the propellant charge. In popular use, the bullet is often misused to refer to a complete cartridge. The cartridge case seals a firing chamber in all directions excepting the bore, a firing pin strikes the primer and ignites it. The primer compound deflagrates, it does not detonate, a jet of burning gas from the primer ignites the propellant. Gases from the burning powder pressurize and expand the case to seal it against the chamber wall and these propellant gases push on the bullet base. In response to pressure, the bullet will move in the path of least resistance which is down the bore of the barrel. After the bullet leaves the barrel, the pressure drops to atmospheric pressure. The case, which had been expanded by chamber pressure. This eases removal of the case from the chamber, brass is a commonly used case material because it is resistant to corrosion. A brass case head can be work-hardened to withstand the pressures of cartridges. The neck and body portion of a case is easily annealed to make the case ductile enough to allow reforming so that it can be reloaded many times. Steel is used in some plinking ammunition, as well as in military ammunition. Steel is less expensive than brass, but it is not feasible to reload, Military forces typically consider small arms cartridge cases to be disposable, one-time-use devices. However, case weight affects how much ammunition a soldier can carry, conversely, steel is more susceptible to contamination and damage so all such cases are varnished or otherwise sealed against the elements. One downside caused by the strength of steel in the neck of these cases is that propellant gas can blow back past the neck
5.
Bullet
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The word bullet is a firearm term. A bullet is a projectile expelled from the barrel of a firearm, the term is from Middle French and originated as the diminutive of the word boulle which means small ball. Bullets are made of a variety of materials and they are available singly as they would be used in muzzle loading and cap and ball firearms, as part of a paper cartridge, and much more commonly as a component of metallic cartridges. Bullets are made in a numbers of styles and constructions depending on how they will be used. Many bullets have specialized functions, such as hunting, target shooting, training, defense, a bullet is not a cartridge. In paper and metallic cartridges a bullet is one component of the cartridge, bullet sizes are expressed by their weight and diameter in both English and Metric measurement systems. For example.22 caliber 55 grain bullets or 5. 56mm 55 grain bullets are the same caliber, the word bullet is often used colloquially to refer to a cartridge, which is a combination of the bullet, paper or metallic case/shell, powder, and primer. This use of bullet, when cartridge is intended, leads to confusion when the components of a cartridge are discussed or intended, the bullets used in many cartridges are fired at a muzzle velocity faster than the speed of sound. Meaning they are supersonic and thus can travel a substantial distance, bullet speed through air depends on a number of factors such as barometric pressure, humidity, air temperature, and wind speed. Subsonic cartridges fire bullets slower than the speed of sound and so there is no sonic crack and this means that a subsonic cartridge such as.45 ACP can be effectively suppressed to be substantially quieter than a supersonic cartridge such as the.223 Remington. Bullets do not normally contain explosives, but damage the target by impact. The first use of gunpowder in Europe was recorded in 1247 and it had been used in China for hundreds of years. Later in 1364 hand cannon appeared, early projectiles were made of stone. Stone was used in cannon and hand cannon, in cannon it was eventually found that stone would not penetrate stone fortifications which gave rise to the use of heavier metals for the round projectiles. Hand cannon projectiles developed in a similar following the failure of stone from siege cannon. The first recorded instance of a ball from a hand cannon penetrating armor occurred in 1425. In this photograph of shot retrieved from the wreck of the Mary Rose which was sunk in 1545, the round shot are clearly of different sizes and some are stone while others are cast iron. The development of the hand culverin and matchlock arquebus brought about the use of cast lead balls as projectiles, bullet is derived from the French word boulette, which roughly means little ball
6.
Rifling
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In firearms, rifling consists of helical grooves in the internal surface of a guns barrel, which impart a spin to a projectile around its long axis. This spin serves to stabilize the projectile, improving its aerodynamic stability. Rifling is often described by its twist rate, which indicates the distance the rifling takes to complete one revolution, such as 1 turn in 10 inches. A shorter distance indicates a faster twist, meaning that for a given velocity the projectile will be rotating at a spin rate. Barrels intended for long, small-diameter bullets, such as the ultra-low-drag, 80-grain 0.223 inch bullets, extremely long projectiles such as flechettes may require high twist rates, these projectiles must be inherently stable, and are often fired from a smoothbore barrel. Muskets were smoothbore, large caliber weapons using ball-shaped ammunition fired at low velocity. Due to the high cost and great difficulty of manufacturing, and the need to load readily from the muzzle. Consequently, on firing the ball bounced off the sides of the barrel when fired, barrel rifling was invented in Augsburg, Germany in 1498. In 1520 August Kotter, an armourer of Nuremberg, Germany improved upon this work, though true rifling dates from the mid-16th century, it did not become commonplace until the nineteenth century. The most successful weapons using rifling with black powder were breech loaders such as the Queen Anne pistol, the grooves most commonly used in modern rifling have fairly sharp edges. More recently, polygonal rifling, a throwback to the earliest types of rifling, has become popular, polygonal barrels tend to have longer service lives because the reduction of the sharp edges of the land reduces erosion of the barrel. Supporters of polygonal rifling also claim higher velocities and greater accuracy, polygonal rifling is currently seen on pistols from CZ, Heckler & Koch, Glock, Tanfoglio, and Kahr Arms, as well as the Desert Eagle. Such guns have achieved significant increases in velocity and range. Examples include the South African G5 and the German PzH2000, gain-twist rifling begins with very little change in the projectiles angular momentum during the first few inches of bullet travel after ignition during the transition from chamber to throat. This enables the bullet to remain undisturbed and trued to the case mouth. After engaging the rifling the bullet is progressively subjected to accelerated angular momentum as burning powder propels it down the barrel. By only gradually increasing the rate, torque is spread along a much longer section of barrel. Gain-twist rifling was used as early as the American Civil War, colt Army and Navy revolvers both employed gain-twist rifling
7.
Primer (firearms)
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In firearm ballistics, the primer is a component of pistol, rifle, and shotgun rounds. Early primers were simply the same black powder used to fire the weapon and this external powder was connected though a tube in the barrel that led to the main charge. As powder wont burn when wet, this led to difficulty, or even the inability, modern primers are shock sensitive chemicals. In smaller weapons the primer is usually integrated into the rear of a cartridge, in larger weapons like cannon the primer is a separate component placed inside the barrel to the rear of the main propellant charge. The first step to firing a firearm of any sort is igniting the propellant, the earliest firearms were cannons, which were simple closed tubes. There was an aperture, the touchhole, drilled in the closed end of the tube. This hole was filled with finely ground powder, which was ignited with a hot ember or torch. With the advent of firearms, this became an undesirable way of firing a gun. The first attempt to make the process of firing a small arm easier was the matchlock, the matchlock incorporated a lock that was actuated by a trigger, originally called a tricker. The lock was a lever which pivoted when pulled. The match was a burning fuse made of plant fibers that were soaked in a solution of nitrates, charcoal, and sulfur. This slow-match was ignited before the gun was needed, and it would slowly burn, after the gun was loaded and the touchhole primed with powder, the burning tip of the match was positioned so that the lock would bring it into contact with the touchhole. To fire the gun, it was aimed and the trigger pulled and this brought the match down to the touchhole, igniting the powder. With careful attention the slow-burning match could be burning for long periods of time. The next revolution in technology was the wheel-lock. It used a spring-loaded, serrated steel wheel which rubbed against a piece of iron pyrite, a key was used to wind the wheel and put the spring under tension. Once tensioned, the wheel was held in place by a trigger, when the trigger was pulled, the serrated edge of the steel rubbed against the pyrite, generating sparks. These sparks were directed into a pan, called the flash pan, the flashpan usually was protected by a spring-loaded cover that would slide out of the way when the trigger was pulled, exposing the powder to the sparks
8.
.378 Weatherby Magnum
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The.378 Weatherby Magnum was designed by Roy Weatherby in 1953. It was an original belted magnum design with no parent case, inspired by the.416 Rigby, the 215 magnum rifle primer was developed by Federal specifically for this round. The cartridge can hold upwards of 7.13 g of powder, the 378 Weatherby Magnum cartridge also has the double radius shoulder design found on the first and smaller proprietary line of Weatherby magnum cartridges. The motivation behind the development of the.378 came from the performance gains of the improved.375 Weatherby over its parent case. Roy Weatherby in 1953 killed an African elephant with one shot while on safari, however, in using this event as a marketing tool, it was revealed some African countries have a minimum 10.16 mm bullet size for hunting dangerous game. Weatherby responded by necking up the.378 to 11.63 mm and called the new cartridge the.460 Weatherby Magnum and it is considered a Safari grade cartridge. The.378 Weatherby Magnum is appropriate for taking all African game animals from large African antelopes, Nile crocodile, hippopotamus, some hunters on the North American continent employ the.378 for American elk, Brown bears, and polar bears. The.378 Weatherby will generate considerable free recoil, an average of 104 J from a 4.1 kg rifle and this compares to 27 J from a rifle chambered for. 30-06 Springfield or For the 375 H&H Magnum. The.378 has been responsible for numerous wildcat cartridges, being necked-down as the.22 Eargesplitten Loudenboomer, some of the.378 Weatherby Magnum wildcat cartridges are shortened versions, like the. 30-378 Arch and the.460 Short A-Square. Some. 378-based wildcats have gone on to be part of the Weatherby line. 30-378. 338-378.416 and.460
9.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
10.
Weatherby
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Weatherby, Inc. is an American gun manufacturer founded in 1945 by Roy Weatherby. The company is best known for its high-powered magnum cartridges, such as the.257 Weatherby Magnum,270 Weatherby Magnum.300 Weatherby Magnum.340 Weatherby Magnum, company headquarters is in the northern San Luis Obispo County town of Paso Robles, California. The original production rifles by Roy Weatherby were built on commercial Mauser actions by FN, Brevex, for bespoke rifles, Weatherby would build to a customers specifications, using any action the customer wanted, provided it was strong enough for the desired cartridge. For many years, Weatherby manufactured his rifles at his facility in South Gate. But in 1956, he contracted with Sako to build his production rifles on Weatherby-FN Mauser actions, custom rifles were still produced in South Gate, however. Weatherbys first break with Mauser actions came in 1956 when he commissioned the Danish firm of Schultz & Larsen to build 378 Weatherby Magnums utilizing their Model 54 bolt action and this action was very stout and featured four rear locking lugs. Many of its features would find their way into Weatherbys proprietary bolt action, built to withstand the hottest of Weatherbys experimental cartridges. The first Weatherby Mark V actions were manufactured in the U. S. by Pacific Founders, Inc. demand for the Mark V quickly exceeded Weatherbys manufacturing capability, so the company contracted with J. P. Sauer in West Germany to build production Mark V rifles. Manufacturing of the Mark V remained there until the early 1970s when material, some say the machining and finishing of the Howa made Mark Vs was actually better than the Sauer made guns. In 1995, manufacturing of the Mark V was moved back to the United States, the Mark V action remained relatively unchanged during the first five years of production. Shortly after, manufacturing moved from PFI in the U. S. to J. P. Sauer in Germany, in addition, the safety was redesigned and moved from the receiver to the bolt, which was changed from a smooth to a fluted surface. The first major change came in 1963 when Weatherby designed a shorter and more trim Mark V action for their 224 Weatherby Magnum varmint round, the bolt in this smaller Mark V action only had six locking lugs, versus the nine found on its bigger brother. Rifles chambered for the new 224 Wby Magnum were dubbed Varmintmaster, the Varmintmaster was later offered in 22-250 Remington, making this the first non-Weatherby cartridge offered in the Mark V. In 1967, the 9-lug Mark V action was offered for the first time in 30-06 and these two cartridges, the 30-06 and 22-250, remained the only two non-Weatherby chamberings offered in production Mark V rifles until the mid-1990s. Today, all standard calibers are only offered in 6-lug versions of the action. This makes 9-lug, 30-06 Mark Vs somewhat of a rarity, in the late 1960s, Weatherby contracted with Howa of Japan to build a Weatherby rifle that would be more affordable for the average hunter. The result was the Weatherby Vanguard which was introduced in 1970, the Vanguard is now available in select Weatherby magnum calibers. Today, Weatherby still offers only two lines of centerfire rifles, the Mark V and the Vanguard, the Mark V barreled action is manufactured by ATEK in Brainerd, MN while the barrel and action for the Vanguard are still manufactured by Howa in Japan
11.
Handgun
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A handgun is a firearm designed to be handheld, in either one or both hands. This characteristic differentiates handguns as a class of firearms from long guns such as rifles. Major handgun subtypes are the revolver and pistol, other subtypes include derringers, the words pistol and handgun have overlapping variations, in meaning. Although handgun use often includes bracing with a hand, the essential distinguishing characteristic of a handgun is its facility for one-handed operation. The word pistol is often synonymous with the word handgun, some handgun experts make a technical distinction that views pistols as a subset of handguns. But UK/Commonwealth usage often does not make this distinction, handheld firearms were first made in China where gunpowder was first developed. By the 14th century, they existed in Europe as well, the first handheld firearms that might better be called pistols were made as early as the 15th century, but their creator is unknown. By the 18th century, the term came to be used often to refer to handheld firearms, previously there had been no such differentiation, and in fact Samuel Colts original patent was for a revolving-breech pistol. There is no equivalent for handgun in the Romance languages. The general types of handguns are listed below in their order of historical appearance, each type can be classified into many sub-types. Some of these types can also be classified using the general distinction between muzzle-loading firearms and breech-loading firearms. Single-shot pistols are the simplest possible form of pistols and are known to have existed in AD1365, the earliest handguns were single-shot, muzzle-loading guns with ignition provided by inserting a smoldering match cord into a touch hole. As such, they were nothing more than miniature cannon. Improvements followed in subsequent centuries, as types of locks were invented. In the matchlock, the separate match cord was affixed to a pivot which could be tripped by a trigger. In the wheellock, an analogous to that used in todays cigarette lighters replaced the smoldering match cord. In the 17th century, the flintlock, which strikes a flint against steel, the flintlock remained the standard method of small arms ignition around two hundred years. In the 19th century, percussion caps were developed, followed shortly by modern integrated-primer cartridges, an example of a single-shot pistol is the flare gun
12.
Rifle
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A rifle is a firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder, with a barrel that has a helical groove or pattern of grooves cut into the barrel walls. The raised areas of the rifling are called lands, which contact with the projectile. When the projectile leaves the barrel, this spin lends gyroscopic stability to the projectile and prevents tumbling and this allows the use of aerodynamically-efficient bullets and thus improves range and accuracy. The word rifle originally referred to the grooving, and a rifle was called a rifled gun, the word rifle is now used for any long hand-held aimed device activated by a trigger, such as Air rifles and the Personnel halting and stimulation response rifle. Rifles are used in warfare, hunting and shooting sports, formerly, rifles only fired a single projectile with each squeeze of the trigger. Modern rifles are capable of firing more than one round per trigger squeeze, some fire in an automatic mode. Thus, modern automatic rifles overlap to some extent in design, in fact, many light machine guns are adaptations of existing automatic rifle designs. A militarys light machine guns are chambered for the same caliber ammunition as its service rifles. Generally, the difference between a rifle and a machine gun comes down to weight, cooling system. Modern military rifles are fed by magazines, while machine guns are generally belt-fed, many machine guns allow the operator to quickly exchange barrels in order to prevent overheating, whereas rifles generally do not. Most machine guns fire from a bolt in order to reduce the danger of cook-off. Machine guns are often crewed by more than one soldier, the rifle is an individual weapon, the term rifle is sometimes used to describe larger crew-served rifled weapons firing explosive shells, for example, recoilless rifles. In many works of fiction a rifle refers to any weapon that has a stock and is shouldered before firing, the origins of rifling are difficult to trace, but some of the earliest practical experiments seem to have occurred in Europe during the 15th century. Archers had long realized that a twist added to the feathers of their arrows gave them greater accuracy. This might also have led to a increase in accuracy. Rifles were created as an improvement in the accuracy of smooth bore muskets, the black powder used in early muzzle-loading rifles quickly fouled the barrel, making loading slower and more difficult. Since musketeers could not afford to take the time to stop and clean their barrels in the middle of a battle, rifles were limited to use by sharpshooters, muskets were smoothbore, large caliber weapons using ball-shaped ammunition fired at relatively low velocity. Due to the high cost and great difficulty of manufacturing, and the need to load readily from the muzzle
13.
Weatherby Mark V
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The Weatherby Mark V is a centerfire, bolt-action rifle manufactured by Weatherby of Paso Robles, California. The rifle was introduced in 1957 by Weatherby and was designed to contain the high pressures associated with the Weatherby line of high performance cartridges. It is the rifle of the Weatherby line of firearms. The Weatherby Mark V rifles are considered prestigious or luxury firearms by many, ever since Roy Weatherby began manufacturing rifles he had to rely on a third party to provide the actions for his rifles. Beginning in 1949 Weatherby began building his rifles around the FN Belgian Mauser action, in 1955 Schultz & Larson actions were added to the mix while adding the Mathieu left handed action to his rifle action line up. With the addition of the large capacity.378 Weatherby Magnum a new type was warranted so the Brevex Magnum Mauser action was added. A little later the FN Sako Mauser actions were added to action types used by Weatherby to build his rifles, Roy Weatherby had been disappointed by the length of time that was taken discussing and negotiating before coming to an agreement with his European manufacturing partners. With five European companies supplying actions, the frequent trips made to Europe left him time to run the day-to-day business operations in South Gate. Roy Weatherby had found the Mauser-type wanting due to the head not being completely enclosed and supported within the breech. He had been aware that many handloaders were overloading their cartridges seeking higher performance and this in turn would lead to hot gases making their way through the bolt and into the shooters face and eyes and causing injuries to his customers. If a rupture should occur, the bolt would have holes through which hot gases could be vented safely towards the side and away from the shooters face. Further as a safety measure he required an enclosed or shrouded bolt sleeve that would prevent the hot gases from making their way through the bolt mechanism to the shooters face. To Weatherby, the safety and strength of the design were paramount, Weatherby designed the action type with nine locking lugs arranged in three rows. It was determined early on that these lugs would not protrude outside the bolt, such a design would be conducive to a smooth fluid movement of the bolt through its feeding and extraction cycles. In spring 1955 Weatherby demonstrated his new action at the annual NRA meetings in Washington, the action type was shown to Burt Munhall of H. P. White Ballistics Laboratory and to General Julian Hatcher to elicit their opinion of the design, both were impressed with the design and encouraged Weatherby to commercialize the action as soon as possible. At this time Weatherby had been looking for someone to provide the design, drawings. General Hatcher suggested that John Garand would be suitable for the job, however, when contacted Garand expressed disinterest in the project as he was enjoying his retirement
14.
Weatherby Varmintmaster
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The Weatherby Varmintmaster is a lighter quicker-handling version of the Weatherby Mark V. It was first offered for sale in 1963 in two lengths, a 24-inch standard weight and 26-inch heavy weight. The price then was $295, same as the Mark V, compared with the Mark V it weighs 40% less with most parts being reduced in size by 20%. Weatherby ceased production of its smallest rifle in 1994
15.
Shotgun
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Shotguns come in a wide variety of sizes, ranging from 5. A shotgun is generally a smoothbore firearm, which means that the inside of the barrel is not rifled, preceding smoothbore firearms, such as the musket, were widely used by armies in the 18th century. The direct ancestor to the shotgun, the blunderbuss, was used in a similar variety of roles from self-defense to riot control. It was often used by cavalry troops because of its shorter length and ease of use. In the 19th century, however, these weapons were replaced on the battlefield with breechloading rifled firearms. The military value of shotguns was rediscovered in the First World War, since then, it has been used in a variety of roles in civilian, law enforcement, and military applications. The shot pellets from a spread upon leaving the barrel, and the power of the burning charge is divided among the pellets. In a hunting context, this makes shotguns useful primarily for hunting birds, however, in a military or law enforcement context, the large number of projectiles makes the shotgun useful as a close quarters combat weapon or a defensive weapon. Militants or insurgents may use shotguns in asymmetric engagements, as shotguns are commonly owned civilian weapons in many countries, shotguns are also used for target shooting sports such as skeet, trap, and sporting clays. These involve shooting clay disks, known as clay pigeons, thrown in various ways, shotguns come in a wide variety of forms, from very small up to massive punt guns, and in nearly every type of firearm operating mechanism. The common characteristics that make a unique center around the requirements of firing shot. These features are the typical of a shotgun shell, namely a relatively short, wide cartridge, with straight walls. Ammunition for shotguns is referred to in the USA as shotgun shells, shotshells, the term cartridges is standard usage in the United Kingdom. The shot is fired from a smoothbore barrel, another configuration is the rifled slug barrel. The typical use of a shotgun is against small and fast moving targets, the spreading of the shot allows the user to point the shotgun close to the target, rather than having to aim precisely as in the case of a single projectile. The disadvantages of shot are limited range and limited penetration of the shot, which is why shotguns are used at short ranges, and typically against smaller targets. Larger shot sizes, up to the case of the single projectile slug load, result in increased penetration. Aside from the most common use against small, fast moving targets, First, it has enormous stopping power at short range, more than nearly all handguns and many rifles
16.
Weatherby PA-08
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The Weatherby PA-08 is a 12 gauge 3 in pump action shotgun marketed by Weatherby Inc. The shotgun is economically priced and constitutes the low end of products marketed by Weatherby, the PA-08 is manufactured in Turkey for Weatherby. Both the Upland and the Synthetic are available with a 26 in or a 28 in, the PA-08 TR is marketed as a home defense shotgun and has a 18.5 in barrel. All versions of these shotguns can handle both 2.75 in or 3 in 12 gauge shells, Weatherby also markets the SA-08, a semi-automatic version of this firearm
17.
Weatherby SA-08
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The Weatherby SA-08 is a semi-automatic shotgun marketed by Weatherby Inc. The shotgun is available in either 12 or 20 gauge, like the Weatherby PA-08 pump action shotgun this shotgun constitutes Weatherbys low-end shotgun line. The SA-08 is manufactured in Turkey for Weatherby and this semi-automatic uses a dual valve system which require to be manually changed out when moving from light to heavy loads and vice versa. The SA-08 is available in six models, all 12 and 20 gauge models come with improved cylinder modified and full choke tubes. 12 gauge models weigh 6.75 lb and 20 gauge models weigh 6 lb The Upland version comes with a stock and is available in both 12 and 20 gauges and with either a 26 in or 28 in barrel. It comes with a The Synthetic is offered with similar options as the Upland with the exception that it comes with an injected molded synthetic stock, the Waterfowl 3.0 is similar to the Synthetic but only comes in a 12 gauge. A special dipping process is used to adhere the Mothwing Marsh Mimicry camouflage to all metal, the Synthetic Youth model is similar to the Synthetic except that it is available only in 20 gauge and comes with a 24 in barrel. The Deluxe model is similar to and is available in the options as the Upland model. The stock and metal work have a gloss finish. The Entre Rios is a shotgun for the shooting of doves and it is available only in 28 gauge and is available with either a 26 in or 28 in barrel. Finish is similar to that of the Deluxe model and this model comes with skeet, improved cylinder and modified chokes. The Entre Rios model weigh about 5.25 lb
18.
.224 Weatherby Magnum
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The.224 Weatherby Magnum is a sporting cartridge that was developed in 1963 by Roy Weatherby after about 10 years of development. It is a cartridge with no major firearms manufacturers chambering rifles for it other than Weatherby. It was originally called the.224 Weatherby Varmintmaster when it was introduced alongside the Weatherby Varmintmaster rifle, but the rifle was discontinued in 1994 and the cartridge was renamed. The cartridge design began earlier but its introduction was delayed, at least in part. An earlier high-velocity.22 caliber round from Weatherby called the.220 Weatherby Rocket was based on the.220 Swift though it was unsuccessful and never manufactured. Performance is similar to the popular. 22-250 and the lesser used.225 Winchester putting it in between the.220 Swift and.223 Remington cartridges, possibly because of the similar performance and popularity of the. 22-250, this round has never gotten a very large following. Costs for ammunition and rifles for this also tend to be much more expensive.22 caliber rifles are legal in some areas for big game up to the size of deer or larger. Convention holds the.224 Weatherby and similar cartridges are better suited to long-range varminting, similar statements are made concerning other big 22 caliber cartridges like the 220 Swift and.223 WSSM. Currently many states in the United States do allow 22 caliber rifles on big game, ackley believed that fast 22 caliber cartridges were suitable for medium-large game. Craig Boddington has said that such cartridges are suitable for smaller deer, bullets suited for hunting big-game are available from major manufacturers such as Nosler and Barnes. 5 mm caliber, other cartridges of 5–6 mm caliber, list of rifle cartridges Table of handgun and rifle cartridges Weatherby official site
19.
.240 Weatherby Magnum
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The.240 Weatherby Magnum was developed in 1968 by Roy Weatherby. It was the last cartridge to be designed by Roy Weatherby, the.240 Weatherby Mag. is a proprietary cartridge used only in Weatherby rifles. This particular Weatherby case is unique, other than shape, it isnt physically based on other Weatherby cases, having the same rim diameter and similar length as the. 30-06. It utilizes the traditional Weatherby rounded double shoulder and a case with a length of 2. 496in. In terms of velocity, the.240 Weatherby Magnum was once the fastest commercially produced 6 mm cartridge, there were several faster wildcat rounds available, but the.240 Wby. Mag. outclassed the 6 mm Remington and the newer.243 WSSM by about 150 ft/s, however, the lightweight.243 WSSM 55gr Ballistic Silvertip now outpaces Weatherbys offerings according to some. Loading data from Western Powders puts the.240 Wby, Mag. at over 4,000 ft/s with a 62 grain Barnes bullet. While favoured by some varmint hunters, the.240 Wby, with the heavier bullets the.240 Wby. Mag. makes for a deer hunting cartridge, but it does tend to require a long barrel in order to achieve peak performance. List of rifle cartridges Table of handgun and rifle cartridges Weatherby Web Site
20.
.257 Weatherby Magnum
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The.257 Weatherby Magnum is a.257 Caliber belted bottlenecked cartridge. It is one of the standard length magnums developed by shortening the.375 H&H Magnum case to approx. The.257 Weatherby Magnum is among one of the flattest shooting commercial cartridges, discrepancies between the metric and U. S. diameters of the bullet may cause some confusion. A.257 bullet has a bullet diameter of 6.53 mm. However. As the bore diameter of the rifle is.250 inches this would make the.257 Weatherby Magnum a 6.35 mm caliber cartridge rather than a 6. 5mm caliber cartridge. The.257 Weatherby Magnum was designed in 1944 and introduced commercially in 1945 by Roy Weatherby as a cartridge as a chambering in his rifles. The 257 Weatherby Magnum is one of Roy Weatherbys favorite calibers, the original cartridge was developed using the H&H Super 30 shortened, blown out, and necked down to accept a.25 caliber bullet. Together with the.270 Weatherby Magnum, the 7mm Weatherby Magnum, and the.300 Weatherby Magnum, the original cartridges were formed using Winchesters.300 H&H Magnum and was only available as a component from Weatherby. Beginning in 1948 Weatherby began offering loaded ammunition for the.257 Weatherby Magnum cartridge which was loaded in house, until then the cartridge was only available as a component brass which would require being loaded before use. Sometime later, the.257 Weatherby brass was manufactured by Richard Speer for Weatherby, However, due to space and organizational constraints Weatherby began looking for a source of ammunition for his cartridge. The search culminated in 1951 with Norma Projektilfabrik being awarded a contract to produce ammunition, ever since the release of the.257 Weatherby Magnum it has remained one of the more popular cartridges in terms of Weatherby sales. Gun writers such as Layne Simpson consider the.257 Weatherby one of his long range cartridges. The.257 Weatherby Magnum shares the same case as the.270 Weatherby Magnum. The.30 Super Belted Rimless H&H manufactured by Winchester served as the parent cartridge for the case design. There has been speculation that Roy Weatherby may have used the full length.375 H&H Magnum case if he had slow burning powders available today when the cartridge was designed. Today, IMR4350 is considered too fast a burning propellant for the cartridge comes into its own with the slowest burning powders now available. Both SAAMI and the CIP have published specification for the cartridge, the CIP standards for the cartridge were published in January 1994.257 Weatherby Magnum SAAMI compliant schematic. SAAMI recommends a barrel rifling contour of 6 grooves with a bore Ø of.2505 in, the recommended optional twist rate is one revolution in 10 in
21.
.270 Weatherby Magnum
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The.270 Weatherby Magnum was the first belted magnum based on the.300 H&H Magnum to be developed by Roy Weatherby. It has the characteristic double-radius shoulders and is necked down to accommodate the. 277in bullets. Like most Weatherby cartridges, the.270 Weatherby was standardized by the Small Arms and Ammunitions Manufacturers Institute in 1994, the first Weatherby cartridge to be used in Africa was the.270 Weatherby on a jackal on June 8,1948. Given its higher pressure and larger case which holds more powder than the.270 Winchester and this performance comes at the cost of more recoil and barrel heat. In addition, a barrel is necessary to take advantage of extra powder to gain maximum velocity. The cartridge is excellent at long-range hunting, but is not well suited to high-volume shooting such as varmint hunting, for those handloading their own cartridges, this is an easy round to load. It does best with full-power loads and is not well-suited for reduced loads, ed Weatherby, son of Roy Weatherby says that the.270 Weatherby is his favorite caliber. As he puts it, there just isnt a better long-range deer caliber and he goes on to mention that it is also quite effective for elk, and pronghorn. List of rifle cartridges Table of handgun and rifle cartridges 7 mm caliber
22.
7mm Weatherby Magnum
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The 7 mm Weatherby Magnum is a powerful 7 mm rifle cartridge offered by the Weatherby firearms company in their Mark V rifles. The cartridge was one of the first cartridges offered by the Weatherby company and it was developed in the 1940s by Roy Weatherby. The 7 mm Weatherby Magnum did not get a lot of exposure until the part of the 1950s when the Weatherby rifles became more available. It is a cartridge for a one-rifle hunter that shoots long distances. It has taken game of all sizes around the world, the 7mm Weatherby Magnum is useful for all American plains game including the great Bears and the American Bison. It is also useful when African and Australian plains game are hunted. It is a high velocity cartridge giving about 300-400 fps higher velocity with lighter bullets than the more popular 30-06 Springfield which is regarded as considerably fast. It is quite easy to flinch in anticipation of the significant recoil,7 mm caliber Weatherby Table of handgun and rifle cartridges 7mm Weatherby Magnum by Chuck Hawks
23.
.300 Weatherby Magnum
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The.300 Weatherby Magnum is a.30 caliber rifle cartridge created by Roy Weatherby in 1944 and produced by Weatherby. It has become the most popular of all the Weatherby cartridges, Roy Weatherby already had experience with other custom cartridges such as his own.270 Weatherby Magnum when he created the.300 Weatherby. Like most of his other magnum cartridges, this is based on a blown-out.300 H&H Magnum case, of course there are quite a few very large.30 caliber wildcat cartridges. One must note, however, when comparing the.300 RUM, performance data is often listed on the side of the ammunition box for those who wish to do an in-store comparison. On average, Weatherby factory ammo is loaded to higher pressures than Remington or Winchester magnum rounds. The Remington round can be handloaded to equal or even surpass the.300 Weatherby in power, the.300 Wby is in common use by big-game hunters all over the world. List of rifle cartridges 7 mm caliber other cartridges in the same caliber range Table of handgun and rifle cartridges
24.
.30-378 Weatherby Magnum
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The. 30-378 Weatherby Magnum is a.30 caliber, belted, bottle-necked rifle cartridge. The cartridge was developed in response to a US Army military contract in 1959, while still unreleased to the public, the cartridge went on to set world records for accuracy including the first ten 10X in 1,000 yards benchrest shooting. It is currently the highest velocity.30 caliber factory ammunition available, the. 30-378 was originally designed by Roy Weatherby as an anti-personnel/anti-materiel military cartridge for a government contract. The cartridge was created by necking down the.378 Weatherby Magnum to accept a.308 in diameter bullet, the United States Army’s Redstone Arsenal requested a rifle cartridge that could develop 6,000 ft/s for the effects of light bullets against armor. The. 30-378 Weatherby Magnum was able to attain over 5,000 ft/s, using a slower burning and denser propellant, the. 30-378 Weatherby Magnum surpassed the US Army’s requirement of 6,000 ft/s. However, the public had to wait until 1996 for Weatherby to release the cartridge. In the meantime, the. 30-378 Weatherby Magnum had gone on to set records in 1,000 yards benchrest competitions. Earl Chronister, shooting a. 30-378 Weatherby Magnum shot the first ever ten shot 10X with the first nine shot to 3.125 inches and this record stood for over 30 years. Several variations of the. 30-378 Weatherby Magnum were created by custom ammunition manufacturers, hammond rifles and H-S Precision were among the several custom gun manufacturers who chambered and built rifles long before Weatherby got around to releasing the rifle to the public. In 1995 Layne Simpson built a rifle chambered for the. 30-378 Weatherby and developed loading data, the. 30-378 Weatherby Magnum utilizes the.378 Weatherby Magnum as a parent cartridge. The.378 Weatherby case was necked down to accept a.30 caliber bullet while preserving the double radii shoulder of the parent case, the resulting case held a greater volume than any previous commercial cartridge. When the cartridge was created by Roy Weatherby in 1959 there were no commercial propellants that suited the cartridge. Even the standard slow burning powder of the time IMR4350 which was used in the Weatherby line of cartridges was too fast to take advantage of the capacity of the. 30-378 Weatherby cartridge. However, when launching 30 gr bullets which are light for caliber as the Redstone Arsenal contract specified, required the use of relatively faster propellants. However, the public and target shooters used 150 gr and heavier bullets. SAAMI compliant. 30-378 Weatherby Magnum cartridge schematic, All dimensions in inches, SAAMI recommends a 6 groove barrel with a twist rate of 10 in. The recommended bore diameter is.3005 in and groove diameter is.3080 in with each groove having an arc width of.118 in, the. 30-378 Weatherby Magnum is one of the most accurate rifle cartridges. The cartridge held the record for accuracy at 1,000 yards for over thirty years
25.
.338-378 Weatherby Magnum
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The. 338-378 Weatherby Magnum started out as the wildcat cartridge. 338-378 Keith-Thomson Magnum during the early 1960s. Keith and Thomson are Elmer Keith and R. W. Bob Thomson, the. 338-378 Weatherby Magnum was added to the Weatherby product line in 1998. The. 338-378 Weatherby Magnum’s parent case is the.378 Weatherby Magnum, the. 338-378 Weatherby Magnum is created by necking down the.378 Weatherby Magnum to 8.59 mm then fire forming it in the rifle chamber. The. 338-378 Weatherby Magnum has a capacity of about 8.1 g. The. 338-378 Weatherby Magnum’s main appeal is long-range shooting, a Weatherby factory cartridge loaded with a 16.2 g hunting bullet, in a rifle with a 71 cm barrel will yield a muzzle velocity of 933 m/s and muzzle energy of 7046 J. This same bullet will carry a down range velocity to 457 m of 648 m/s, a hand loaded. 338-378 Weatherby Magnum used for 1000 yd target shooting loaded with a 19. The. 338-378 Weatherby Magnum is appropriate for hunting all game animals on the North American, European and Asian continents, in Africa the 338-378 Weatherby Magnum is appropriate for taking medium and large game. The free recoil of the 338-378 Weatherby Magnum from a rifle is 73 J as compared to an average 27 J from a rifle chambered for. 30-06 Springfield. The.338 Lapua Magnum is however a rimless cartridge and the.338 Remington Ultra Magnum is a rebated rim cartridge, list of rifle cartridges 8 mm caliber
26.
.340 Weatherby Magnum
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The.340 Weatherby Magnum rifle cartridge was introduced in 1963 by creator Roy Weatherby in response to the.338 Winchester Magnum. The.340 Weatherby Magnum uses the same.338 in, diameter bullets as the.338 Winchester Magnum but it does so at greater velocity than its Winchester competition. Reloaders may have trouble matching the published Weatherby velocities as Weatherby factory ammunition is loaded to maximum specifications, Weatherby no longer loads the 250gr. Round-nose cartridge pictured but continues to load the 250 gr, Weatherby has also expanded their factory loads including Nosler Ballistic-tip and Barnes TSX bullets complementing the powerful cartridge. Currently A-square is the other factory ammunition producer of the.340 Weatherby Magnum which has led to limited popularity of the caliber. In field tests the.340 clearly out performs the 300 Ultra mag.338 win mag. and even rivals the larger.375 H&H, providing a much flatter shooting and harder hitting performance. This cartridge is powerful enough for even the largest North American game and is suitable for most African game as well, Weatherby.338 Winchester Magnum List of rifle cartridges
27.
.416 Weatherby Magnum
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The.416 Weatherby Magnum is a belted, bottlenecked cartridge designed by Ed Weatherby and launched commercially in 1989. It is a dangerous-game cartridge intended for the hunting of dangerous game such as elephant. It is considered the most powerful commercial.416 cartridge, besting the Remington, Rigby, unlike earlier Weatherby cartridges which were designed by Roy Weatherby, this cartridge was designed by his son Ed Weatherby. Beginning in the 1960s and through the 1970s, safari hunting in Africa was on the decline, due to the lack of interest, ammunition manufacturers like Kynoch ceased operations. However, by the 1980s, a renewed interest in safari hunting created a demand for big-bore dangerous-game cartridges, in 1988 Remington stepped up to the plate with their iteration of the.416 Hoffman, which was given the name.416 Remington Magnum. Unlike the Rigby, the Remington cartridge utilized the.375 H&H Magnum case and therefore, unlike the.416 Rigby, could be chambered in most firearm actions. Taking advantage of this momentum, Weatherby introduced their own.416 cartridge in 1989, it was based on the.378 Weatherby Magnum cartridge, in traditional Weatherby fashion, a Weatherby cartridge would outclass similar-caliber cartridges with regard to the performance of the cartridge. To accomplish this task Weatherby relied on one of the largest commercial sporting cartridge cases available, the.416 Weatherby Magnum uses the same case as the.378 Weatherby Magnum and the.460 Weatherby Magnum. The case design was inspired by the.416 Rigby cartridge and features a belt, unlike the.416 Ruger and the.416 Remington, the.416 Weatherby Magnum requires an extra-large bolt face and large magnum action to contain the cartridge due to its oversized dimensions. Putting this in perspective, the.416 Weatherby Magnum has a capacity of 140 gr. of water. The.416 Weatherby Magnum has been standardized by both the CIP and SAAMI, SAAMI recommends a 6-grooved barrel with a bore Ø of.408 in and a groove Ø of.416 in with a twist rate of one revolution in 14 in. Weatherbys pressure rating is 65,000 psi, however, Weatherbys own factory ammunition is loaded to lower levels than this maximum. As with other Weatherby cartridges, there are discrepancies between SAAMI and CIP dimensions and this is arises from the CIPs treatment of the double-venturi case, shoulder and neck area of the cartridge. The CIP attempts to treat the shoulder as a shoulder with transitional radius between each of the segments. List of rifle cartridges 10 mm caliber
28.
.460 Weatherby Magnum
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The.460 Weatherby Magnum is a belted, bottlenecked rifle cartridge, developed by Roy Weatherby in 1957. The cartridge is based on the.378 Weatherby Magnum necked up to accept the. 458-inch bullet, the original.378 Weatherby Magnum parent case was inspired by the.416 Rigby. The.460 Weatherby Magnum was designed as an African dangerous game cartridge for the hunting of heavy. However handloaders can push the cartridge to generate as much as 15,000 foot-pounds of energy in a bolt action. However, doing so necessitates a rifle so heavy it is almost inoperable for hunting purposes, the.700 Nitro Express was itself eclipsed in only five years by the 1993 introduction by A-Square of the.577 Tyrannosaur. The.577 T-Rex develops approximately 10,180 foot-pounds force with a velocity of 2,460 ft/s, the.460 will launch a 500-grain bullet at a chronographed velocity of 2,700 ft/s from a 26-inch barrel, measuring 8,100 ft·lbf of muzzle energy. Prior to the arrival of the.460 Weatherby Magnum on the hunting scene, Roy Weatherby had expected that the. Furthermore, new regulations prohibiting the hunting of heavy, thick skinned and these regulations would essentially ban the use of all previous Weatherby cartridges for the hunting of elephant, African Cape buffalo and rhinoceros.40 caliber rifles. He accomplished this by necking up the.378 Weatherby Magnum case to accept a.458 caliber bullet and he named the new cartridge the.460 Weatherby Magnum. The first rifles for the.460 Weatherby Magnum were built on Brevex Magnum Mauser action, however, Roy Weatherby was not the first cartridge designer to neck up the.378 Weatherby Magnum to.45 caliber. That distinction belongs to John Buhmiller, a gunsmith and hunter from Montana, Buhmiller named his cartridge the.45 Weatherby. He had success with the cartridge in Africa shooting Cape buffalo and rogue elephants in 1956, Norma Precision of Sweden was the first and only manufacturer of.460 Weatherby Magnum cases and ammunition which carried the Weatherby name and has done so under contract from Weatherby. During Weatherby’s partnership with J. P. Sauer/Dynamit-Nobel, production at Norma ceased and shifted to RWS, a wholly owned subsidiary of Dynamit-Nobel. However, RWS did not tool up in time to produce the.460 Weatherby Magnum cartridge, DuPont at one time shipped DuPont No.4350 powder to Norma Projektilfabrik for the reloading of Weatherby ammunition. But some time later Norma was able to source a powder with similar burn characteristics locally which was used instead of DuPonts IMR4350, Norma would later purchase the company and rename the powder Norma 204. The.460 Weatherby Magnum case uses a necked up.378 Weatherby Magnum case. Although the.378 Weatherby Magnum case was inspired by the.416 Rigby case, the.460 Weatherby Magnum requires a case with the large propellant capacity necessary to propel a 500 gr bullet at 2,700 ft/s. To accomplish this goal, the cartridge case has a capacity able to hold 141.1 gr. of water
