1.
10,000 metres
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The 10,000 metres or 10, 000-meter run is a common long-distance track running event. The event is part of the programme at the Olympic Games. The race consists of 25 laps around an Olympic-sized track and it is less commonly held at track and field meetings, due to its duration. The 10,000 metres track race is usually distinguished from its road running counterpart, the 10,000 metres is the longest standard track event. The international distance is equal to approximately 6.2137 miles, most of those running such races also compete in road races and cross country events. Added to the Olympic programme in 1912, athletes from Finland, nicknamed the Flying Finns, in the 1960s, African runners began to come to the fore. In 1988, the womens competition debuted in the Olympic Games, official records are kept for outdoor 10,000 metres track events. The world record for men is held by Kenenisa Bekele of Ethiopia in 26,17.53, posted at Brussels, Belgium on August 26,2005. For women, the world track 10,000 metres record is held by Almaz Ayana of Ethiopia in 29,17.45 to win gold at the 2016 Rio Olympics on August 12,2016. The 10,000 metres demands exceptional levels of aerobic endurance, european Cup 10, 000m Iberian 10,000 Metres Championships IAAF list of 10000-metres records in XML ARRS, Yearly Rankings -10000 metres Outdoor Track 10K Races in Race-Calendar. com
2.
Olympic Games
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The Olympic Games are considered the worlds foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are held four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years. Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece, Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee in 1894, leading to the first modern Games in Athens in 1896. The IOC is the body of the Olympic Movement, with the Olympic Charter defining its structure. The evolution of the Olympic Movement during the 20th and 21st centuries has resulted in changes to the Olympic Games. The IOC has had to adapt to a variety of economic, political, as a result, the Olympics has shifted away from pure amateurism, as envisioned by Coubertin, to allowing participation of professional athletes. The growing importance of mass media created the issue of corporate sponsorship, World wars led to the cancellation of the 1916,1940, and 1944 Games. Large boycotts during the Cold War limited participation in the 1980 and 1984 Games, the Olympic Movement consists of international sports federations, National Olympic Committees, and organising committees for each specific Olympic Games. As the decision-making body, the IOC is responsible for choosing the host city for each Games, the IOC also determines the Olympic programme, consisting of the sports to be contested at the Games. There are several Olympic rituals and symbols, such as the Olympic flag and torch, over 13,000 athletes compete at the Summer and Winter Olympic Games in 33 different sports and nearly 400 events. The first, second, and third-place finishers in each event receive Olympic medals, gold, silver, the Games have grown so much that nearly every nation is now represented. This growth has created numerous challenges and controversies, including boycotts, doping, bribery, every two years the Olympics and its media exposure provide unknown athletes with the chance to attain national and sometimes international fame. The Games also constitute an opportunity for the host city and country to themselves to the world. The Ancient Olympic Games were religious and athletic festivals held every four years at the sanctuary of Zeus in Olympia, competition was among representatives of several city-states and kingdoms of Ancient Greece. These Games featured mainly athletic but also combat such as wrestling. It has been written that during the Games, all conflicts among the participating city-states were postponed until the Games were finished. This cessation of hostilities was known as the Olympic peace or truce and this idea is a modern myth because the Greeks never suspended their wars. The truce did allow those religious pilgrims who were travelling to Olympia to pass through warring territories unmolested because they were protected by Zeus
3.
Athletics at the Summer Olympics
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Athletics has been contested at every Summer Olympics since the birth of the modern Olympic movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics. The athletics program traces its earliest roots to events used in the ancient Greek Olympics, the modern program includes track and field events, road running events, and racewalking events. Cross country running was also on the program in earlier editions, the events contested have varied widely. From 1900 to 1920, tug of war was considered to be part of the Olympic athletics programme, although the sports of tug of war, no new events have been added to the mens athletics programme since the 1952 addition of the short racewalk. The roster of events has not changed since then, with the exception of the omission of the long racewalk in 1976, the last womens event added to the roster was the 3000 metres steeplechase in 2008. A total of 52 different events have held in the mens competition. The current list comprises 24 events, many of the discontinued events were similar to modern ones but at different lengths, especially in the steeplechasing, hurdling, and racewalking disciplines. Team racing events have been eliminated after appearing in six editions of the Games. The athletic triathlon and pentathlon events were phased out in favor of the decathlon. Standing jump competitions are no longer held, nor are the various modified throwing events which were experimented with in 1908 and 1912, cross country running was on the program from 1912 to 1924 and is the most prominent form of athletics not to feature at the Olympics. Womens competition in athletics began at the 1928 Summer Olympics Nearly every nation that has competed at the Olympics has entered the athletics competition, the number in each box represents the number of athletes the nation sent. Updated after the 2016 Summer Olympics, considering stripped medals as of February 10,2017 Sources, Olympic sports
4.
Kenenisa Bekele
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Kenenisa Bekele, an Ethiopian long-distance runner, is the current world record and Olympic record in both the 5,000 metres and 10,000 metres events. He won a double at the 2008 Summer Olympics in these events and he is married to Danawit Gebregziabher and has one brother Tariku Bekele. He is the most accomplished runner in IAAF World Cross Country Championships history, with six long course and he won the 10,000 m title at the World Championships in Athletics four times running from 2003 to 2009. Kenenisa was unbeaten over 10,000 m from his debut in 2003 until 2011, at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics he became the first man to win both 5000 m and 10,000 m title at the same championships. Over 5000 m he has won an Olympic silver, World Championship bronze. He also won the 3000 metres title at the World Indoor Championships in 2006, Kenenisa is considered one of the greatest distance runners of all time, owning several world records and an array of medals. On 6 April 2014, he produced the sixth fastest marathon debut ever on a record eligible course with his victory at the Paris Marathon, in a course record time of 2,05,04. On 25 September 2016, Bekele won the 2016 Berlin Marathon in a time of 2,03,03 which set a new personal best time for him at the Marathon distance and he is the older brother of Tariku Bekele, also an accomplished world-class distance runner. Kenenisa was born in 1982 at Bekoji, Ethiopia, the town as the Dibaba sisters. In August 2001 he set a new 3000 metres world record,7,30.67 minutes in Brussels. The record lasted for three and a half years, being broken by Augustine Choge with a run of 7,28.78 minutes, in December 2000 and 2001 Kenenisa wins the 15k roadrace Montferland Run in the Netherlands. For five years in a row, from 2002 through 2006, in 2004, he broke the world records for the indoor 5000 m, outdoor 5000 m and outdoor 10,000 m. Again in Lausanne on 1 July 2003, Kenenisa recorded a 200 m segment during the last lap in 24 seconds, Kenenisa has faced his mentor Haile Gebrselassie twice in road competition, once in cross country, and six times on the track. Kenenisas outstanding track career led to his involvement in a project to break the barrier for the marathon. On 4 January 2005, Kenenisas fiancee, 18-year-old Alem Techale, although it was initially stated that no autopsy was performed, Alem and Kenenisas manager, Jos Hermens, later said that an autopsy had revealed nothing conclusive about the young womans death. She was the 2003 World Youth Champion in the 1500 metres, over the next several weeks following Alems death, Kenenisa grieved. Such confusion was presumed to have been caused by his grief, a few weeks later he lost to fellow Ethiopian Markos Geneti over two miles. In March, Kenenisa faced his toughest challenge yet, despite his grief and recent losses on the track, he lined up to defend his long and short course titles at the 2005 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
5.
Almaz Ayana
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Almaz Ayana Eba is an Ethiopian female long-distance runner who competes in the 3000 metres,5000 metres, and 10,000 metres events. She set a new 10,000 metres world record, breaking the one set in 1993. Almaz won bronze medal in 5000 m event at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics held in Moscow, in the 2015 IAAF World Championships in Beijing, she won the 5000 m course beating Genzebe Dibaba by a long distance. Almaz won her first senior title over 5000 metres at the 2014 African Championships in Marrakech, one month later in the same stadium, she won the 5000 m representing Africa at the 2014 IAAF Continental Cup by over 24 seconds. Almaz ran a personal best of 14,14.32 over 5000 metres at the IAAF Diamond League meeting in Shanghai in 2015 and this made her the third fastest female athlete over that distance, behind compatriots Tirunesh Dibaba, the world record holder, and Meseret Defar. On June 2,2016, Almaz Ayana ran 5000 metres in 14,12.59 at IAAF Golden Gala in Rome. This made Almaz the second fastest woman ever on 5000 metres, second only to Tirunesh Dibaba, Almaz stopped the clock at 29,17.45. Already a world champion in 5000 m, this was the first time she had attempted to run the distance at a major event. She had run the distance competitively just once before, when she beat Tirunesh in the Ethiopian Olympic trials in June with the fastest ever debut of 30,07, multiple national records were set, and eighteen competitors set personal bests. British commentators Brendan Foster and Paula Radcliffe, both former world-record holders in distance events, expressed scepticism about Almazs performance, fellow competitors were also concerned, they reported that, before the race, the Ethiopian was coughing and did not seem well. In her post-race press conference, Almaz said her time was purely an outcome of hard training, Official Twitter profile Official Facebook page Almaz Ayana profile at IAAF Diamond league profile
6.
Mo Farah
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Sir Mohamed Muktar Jama Mo Farah, CBE is a British distance runner. On the track, he mostly competes over 5000 metres and 10,000 metres, Farah also completed the distance double at the 2013 and 2015 World Championships in Athletics. Born in Somalia, Farah moved to the UK as a child and he was originally based in London and ran for Newham and Essex Beagles athletics club, training at St Marys University College, Twickenham from 2001 to 2011. His five gold medals at the European Athletics Championships make him the most successful athlete in championships history. He has won the European Athlete of the Year award and the British Athletics Writers Association British Athlete of the Year award more than any other athlete, three times and six times respectively. Farah was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 2013 and was created a Knight Bachelor in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to athletics, Farah was born on 23 March 1983 in Mogadishu, Somalia into a Habr Awal Isaaq family. His full name is Mohamed Muktar Jama Farah and he spent the early years of his childhood in Djibouti with his twin brother. He moved to Britain at the age of eight to join his father and his grandfather, Jama, was born in the British protectorate of Somaliland. His father, Mukhtar Farah, is an IT consultant and a British citizen, mohameds parents had met during a holiday. Farah attended Isleworth and Syon School, and Feltham Community College and his athletic talent was first identified by physical education teacher Alan Watkinson. Farahs ambition was to become a car mechanic or play as a winger for Arsenal football club. He later joined the Borough of Hounslow Athletics Club in west London, Farah represented Hounslow at cross-country in the London Youth Games. In 1996, at the age of 13, he entered the English schools cross-country, the following year he won the first of five English school titles. Farahs first major title was at 5000 metres at the European Athletics Junior Championship in 2001 and that year, Farah became one of the first two athletes in the newly formed Endurance Performance Centre at St Mary’s. He lived and trained at the College, and took some modules in an access course before becoming an athlete as his career progressed. In 2005, Farah moved in with Australian Craig Mottram and a group of Kenyan runners that included 10,000 m world number one Micah Kogo. They sleep, eat, train and rest, thats all they do, running with Craig made me feel more positive, Farah said. If I ever want to be as good as these athletes Ive got to work harder, I dont just want to be British number one, I want to be up there with the best
7.
Great Britain at the Olympics
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Great Britain or Team GB is the team that sends athletes from the United Kingdom, all but three of its overseas territories, and the three Crown dependencies, to the Olympic Games. From 1896 to 2016 inclusive, Great Britain has won 847 medals at the Summer Olympic Games and it is organised by the British Olympic Association as the National Olympic Committee for the UK. Great Britain was one of 14 teams to compete in the first Games, the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens, and is one of only three nations to have competed at every Summer and Winter Olympic Games. Sir Chris Hoy holds the record for medals in different events, having reached the top step in four different disciplines - mens kilo, mens team sprint, mens match sprint. Cyclist Sir Bradley Wiggins has the most overall medals by a British Olympian with eight, Sir Steve Redgrave is the only British Olympian to win a Gold Medal in five consecutive Olympic Games, winning his first in 1984 Los Angeles and last in 2000 Sydney. With five golds and a bronze, Redgrave is the most successful Olympic male rower of all time, alongside five time gold medalist Redgrave, Grainger, Ainslie, Wiggins and Jack Beresford are the only British Olympians to win medals of any colour in five successive Games. The most successful Winter Olympians from Great Britain are Jeannette Altwegg, Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean, each with one gold and one bronze medal, as a non-alpine nation, Great Britain has found the bulk of its success in the Summer Olympics. Prior to the 2014 Games all Britains winter olympic medals had been won in sports performed on ice. Snowboarder Jenny Jones became the first British athlete to win a medal on snow in the 90 years of the games when she won a bronze medal in the womens slopestyle event. Great Britain has hosted the Summer Games on three occasions -1908,1948 and 2012, all in London - second only to the United States, under the IOC charter, the Olympic Council of Ireland is responsible for the entire island of Ireland. However, athletes from Northern Ireland can elect to represent either the UK or Ireland at the Olympics, a number of Northern Ireland born athletes, particularly in boxing, have won medals for Ireland at the Games. London is the city in the UK that has hosted the games. *Red border colour indicates tournament was held on home soil, according to official data of the International Olympic Committee. This is a list of people who have won three or more Olympic gold medals for Great Britain, medals won in the 1906 Intercalated Games are not included. It includes top-three placings in 1896 and 1900, before medals were awarded for top-three placings, kathleen McKane Godfree also won five medals, but were one gold, two silvers, and two bronzes. Chris Hoy, Jason Kenny, Ben Ainslie and Alastair Brownlee are the most successful Olympic competitors in their sports, as of 2016. Steve Redgrave and Reginald Doherty are the most successful athletes in their respective sports, rowing and tennis. Great Britain has competed in all Badminton events held at the Summer Olympics since badminton made its debut as an Olympic sport in 1992
8.
Ethiopia at the Olympics
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Ethiopia first participated at the Olympic Games in 1956, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for the 1976,1984 and 1988 Games. Ethiopia also participated in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time at the 2006 Games in Turin, Ethiopian athletes have won a total of 45 medals, all in athletics. Ethiopias participation in the Olympics is organized by the Ethiopian Olympic Committee, founded in 1948, category, Olympic competitors for Ethiopia Ethiopia at the Paralympics Tropical nations at the Winter Olympics Ethiopia
9.
Summer Olympic Games
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The Summer Olympic Games or the Games of the Olympiad, first held in 1896, is an international multi-sport event that is hosted by a different city every four years. The most recent Olympics were held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the International Olympic Committee organizes the games and oversees the host citys preparations. In each Olympic event, gold medals are awarded for first place, silver medals are awarded for second place, and bronze medals are awarded for third, the Winter Olympic Games were created due to the success of the Summer Olympics. The Olympics have increased in scope from a 42-event competition with fewer than 250 male competitors from 14 nations in 1896 to 302 events with 10,768 competitors from 204 nations in 2012, eighteen countries have hosted the Summer Olympics. The United States has hosted four Summer Olympics, more than any other nation, four cities have hosted two Summer Olympics, Athens, Paris, Los Angeles, and Tokyo. Tokyo is the first city outside of the Western world to host the Summer Olympics multiple times, asia has hosted the Summer Olympics four times in Japan, South Korea, and China. The only Summer Olympics held in the Southern Hemisphere have been in Australia, the 2016 Games are the first Summer Olympics to be held in South America and the first to be held during the local winter season. Africa has yet to host a Summer Olympics, only five countries—Greece, Australia, France, Great Britain, and Switzerland—have been represented at every Summer Olympic Games. The only country to have won at least one medal at every Summer Olympic Games is Great Britain. The United States leads the medal table. Qualification rules for each of the Olympic sports are set by the International Sports Federations that governs that sports international competition, for individual sports, competitors typically qualify through attaining a certain place in a major international event or on the IFs ranking list. There is a rule that maximum three individual athletes may represent each nation per competition. Nations most often qualify teams for team sports through continental qualifying tournaments, each nation may be represented by no more than one team per competition a team is two people in some sports. The United States has hosted four Summer Olympic Games, more than any other nation, the United Kingdom hosted the 2012 Olympic Games, its third Summer Olympic Games, in its capital London, making London the first city to host the Summer Olympic Games three times. Australia, France, Germany, Greece, and Japan have all hosted the Summer Olympic Games twice. Other countries that have hosted the Summer Olympics are Belgium, Brazil, China, Canada, Finland, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, South Korea, Spain, the Soviet Union, asia has hosted the Summer Olympics three times and will host again in 2020. In 2016, Rio de Janeiro hosted the first Summer Olympics in South America, three cities have hosted two Summer Olympic Games, Los Angeles, Paris, and Athens. Stockholm has hosted events at two Summer Olympic Games, having hosted the games in 1912 and the events at the 1956 Summer Olympics—which they are usually listed as jointly hosting
10.
Track and field
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Track and field is a sport which includes athletic contests established on the skills of running, jumping, and throwing. The name is derived from the sports venue, a stadium with an oval running track enclosing a grass field where the throwing and jumping events take place. Track and field is categorised under the sport of athletics, which also includes road running, cross country running. The foot racing events, which include sprints, middle- and long-distance events, the jumping and throwing events are won by the athlete who achieves the greatest distance or height. Regular jumping events include long jump, triple jump, high jump and pole vault, while the most common throwing events are shot put, javelin, discus and hammer. There are also combined events or multi events, such as the pentathlon consisting of five events, heptathlon consisting of seven events, in these, athletes participate in a combination of track and field events. Most track and field events are individual sports with a victor, the most prominent team events are relay races. Events are almost exclusively divided by gender, although both the mens and womens competitions are held at the same venue. It is one of the oldest sports, in ancient times, it was an event held in conjunction with festivals and sports meets such as the Ancient Olympic Games in Greece. The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BC, when Koroibos, a cook from the city of Elis, won the stadium race. According to some traditions, this was the only athletic event of the games for the first 13 Olympic festivals. In modern times, the two most prestigious track and field competitions are athletics competition at the Olympic Games and the IAAF World Championships in Athletics. The International Association of Athletics Federations is the governing body. Records are kept of the best performances in specific events, at world and national levels, however, if athletes are deemed to have violated the events rules or regulations, they are disqualified from the competition and their marks are erased. In North America, the track and field may be used to refer to other athletics events, such as the marathon. The sport of track and field has its roots in human prehistory, Track and field-style events are among the oldest of all sporting competitions, as running, jumping and throwing are natural and universal forms of human physical expression. The first recorded examples of organized track and field events at a festival are the Ancient Olympic Games. At the first Games in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece, only one event was contested, Track and field events were also present at the Panhellenic Games in Greece around this period, and they spread to Rome in Italy around 200 BC
11.
Multi-sport event
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A multi-sport event is an organized sports event, often held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different sports between organized teams of athletes from nation states. The first major, modern, multi-sport event of significance is the modern Olympic Games. Many regional multi-sport events have since founded and modeled after the Olympics. Most have the basic structure. Games are held over the course of days in and around a host city. Countries send national teams to each competition, consisting of individual athletes, athletes or teams are awarded gold, silver or bronze medals for first, second and third place respectively. The games are held every four years, though some are annual competitions. Instead, the Greek sports of racing and wrestling, as well as the Etruscan sport of gladiatorial combat. In the late 19th and early 20th century, athletes at events were almost exclusively male. As international womens sport began to develop, events such as the Womens World Games, though short-lived, events such as these led to greater inclusion of women at multi-sport events over the course of the 20th century. Since the establishment of the Olympics, most serial multi-sport events have been organized for specific audiences, after some celebrations, the Olympics became very popular nowadays. The number of sports, initially only a few, is still growing, the Paralympic Games is the largest multi-sport event involving athletes with physical disabilities, and is organised by the International Paralympic Committee. Arranged for the first time in 1960 in Rome, Italy, the number of sports, initially only a few, is still growing. The first Special Olympics International Summer Games were held in Chicago, the most recent Special Olympics World Summer Games in Los Angeles, United States, involved 25 sports and approximately 6,500 athletes from 177 countries. At the beginning of the 20th century, another multi-sport event and these Games were held in Scandinavia, and the sports conducted were winter sports such as cross-country skiing and speed skating. The Nordic Games were last held in 1926, after which the 1924 Winter Sports Week in Chamonix was declared the first Olympic Winter Games, in the 1920s, all kinds of other multi-sport events were set up. These were usually directed for a group of athletes, rather than everybody. Regional games were another kind of event that was established, such as the Far Eastern Championship Games
12.
1912 Summer Olympics
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The 1912 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the V Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event held in Stockholm, Sweden, between 5 May and 22 July 1912. Twenty-eight nations and 2,408 competitors, including 48 women, with the exception of tennis and football and shooting, the games were held within a month with an official opening on 6 July. It was the last Olympics to issue solid gold medals and, with Japans debut, Stockholm was the only bid for the games, and was selected in 1909. The games were the first to have art competitions, womens diving, womens swimming, electric timing was introduced in athletics, while the host country disallowed boxing. Figure skating was rejected by the organizers because they wanted to promote the Nordic Games, United States won the most gold medals, while Sweden won the most medals overall. Following the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, the authorities in Sweden immediately sought to ensure that the games would be held there. There were two Swedish members of the International Olympic Committee at the time, Viktor Balck and Clarence von Rosen, the pair proposed to the Swedish governing bodies of athletics and gymnastics in order to ensure that they backed any potential bid. Support was given by the associations on 18 April 1909 for a bid to host the Olympics in Stockholm on the basis that suitable financial arrangements could be made. King Gustaf V was petitioned on 6 May 1909 following the publication of plans for the Stockholm bid that the expected cost of hosting the Games would be 415,000 kronor. The Government accepted the petition on behalf of the King and supported the bid, on 28 May, at the meeting of the IOC in Berlin, the Swedish representatives declared that they had full financial support for hosting the next Games in Stockholm. A deal was made with the German IOC representative on the basis that Berlin would host the 1916 Summer Olympics. Pierre de Coubertin spoke at the meeting about his concerns that Sweden should ensure that the Games take place, the Games were duly awarded to Sweden to host in Stockholm as the only nominated host city for the 1912 Summer Olympics. The news that Stockholm was to host the 1912 Olympics was received with enthusiasm by the Swedish public, the organizing committee took de Coubertins words to heart, and aimed to achieve an Olympic Games which removed those elements which detracted from earlier Games. The committee was elected in the autumn of 1909, with Balck voted as the President of the committee, the committees first meeting took place on 7 October, and on 11 October they delegated the arrangements for the individual branches of sports to the relevant governing bodies in Sweden. Altogether there were 187 members of these committees, the official invitation to compete in the Games was issued on 18 November 1910 to 27 countries, either directly or through their representative on the IOC. A further 15 countries were to have been invited, but as they had no IOC representatives, once the organizing committee for the Games received confirmation of the athletic associations in each of the 15 countries, they too were sent invitations. Some 61,800 entry forms were printed for the use of the various nations, free transport was arranged for the invited nations equipment, and a discount of 50 percent was arranged for competitors and delegates on the state run railway. A daily newspaper which covered the Olympics was arranged to be published during the Games
13.
1988 Summer Olympics
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The 1988 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event celebrated from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul, South Korea. They were the second summer Olympic Games to be held in Asia, in the Seoul Games,159 nations were represented by a total of 8,391 athletes,6,197 men and 2,194 women. 263 events were held and 27,221 volunteers helped to prepare the Olympics,11,331 media showed the Games all over the world. These were the last Olympic Games for two of the worlds dominating sport powers, the Soviet Union and East Germany, as both ceased to exist before the next Olympic Games. North Korea, still officially at war with South Korea, and its allies, Albania, Ethiopia, Cuba, Madagascar, Nicaragua boycotted the games because of the U. S. military support to the Contra rebels. However, the much larger boycotts seen in the previous three Summer Olympics were avoided, resulting in the largest ever number of participating nations during the Cold War era, before the opening of the games, thousands of homeless were captured by the police and sent to work camps. Several died under torture. ′ Seoul was chosen to host the Summer Games through a vote held on 30 September 1981, below was the vote count that occurred at the 84th IOC Session and 11th Olympic Congress in Baden-Baden, West Germany. After the Olympics were awarded, Seoul also received the opportunity to stage the 10th Asian Games in 1986, Soviet Vladimir Artemov won four gold medals in gymnastics. Daniela Silivaş of Romania won three and equalled compatriot Nadia Comănecis record of seven Perfect 10s in one Olympic Games, to these medals, she added a gold in the 4×100 relay and a silver in the 4×400. Just after the Games, she announced her retirement, Canadian Ben Johnson won the 100 m final with a new world record, but was disqualified after he tested positive for stanozolol. Johnson has since claimed that his positive test was the result of sabotage, the US finishes in fourth place after the completion of the optional rounds with a combined score of 390.575, three tenths of a point behind the German Democratic Republic. The USSR won their team gold medals in artistic gymnastics on both the mens and womens sides with scores of 593.350 and 395.475 respectively. The mens team was led by Vladimir Artemov, while Elena Shushunova lead the womens team, lawrence Lemieux, a Canadian sailor in the Finn class, was in second place and poised to win a silver medal when he abandoned the race to save an injured competitor. He arrived in 21st place, but was recognized by the IOC with the Pierre de Coubertin medal honoring his bravery and sacrifice. U. S. diver Greg Louganis won back-to-back titles on both diving events, but only hitting the springboard with his head in the 3 m event final. This became a minor controversy years later when Louganis revealed he knew he was HIV-positive at the time, since HIV cannot survive in open water, no other divers were ever in danger. Christa Luding-Rothenburger of East Germany became the first athlete to win Olympic medals at the Winter Olympics and she added a cycling silver to the speed skating gold she won earlier in the Winter Olympics of that year in Calgary. Swimmer Kristin Otto of East Germany won six gold medals, other multi-medalists in the pool were Matt Biondi and Janet Evans
14.
2008 Summer Olympics
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A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees competed in 28 sports and 302 events. China became the 22nd nation to host the Olympic Games and the 18th to hold a Summer Olympic Games. It was the time that the Summer Olympic Games were held in East Asia and Asia, after Tokyo, Japan, in 1964 and Seoul, South Korea. Beijing was awarded the Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001, the Government of the Peoples Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transportation systems. A total of 37 venues were used to host the events, the official logo of these Olympic Games, titled Dancing Beijing, refers to the host city by featuring a stylized calligraphic character jīng. The Games were the second most watched Olympics in history, attracting 4.7 billion viewers worldwide, there were 43 world records and 132 Olympic records set at the 2008 Summer Olympics. An unprecedented 86 countries won at least one medal during the Games, Chinese athletes won the most gold medals with 51, and with 100 medals in total became only the 7th different Olympic team to top an overall medal tally. The United States won the most total medals with 110, the games were deemed highly successful with the rising standard of competition among nations across the world. Beijing was elected as the host city for the 2008 Summer Olympics on 13 July 2001, during the 112th IOC Session in Moscow, defeating bids from Toronto, Paris, Istanbul, and Osaka. Prior to the session, five other cities had submitted bids to the IOC, after the first round of voting, Beijing held a significant lead over the other four candidates. Osaka received only six votes and was eliminated, in the second round, Beijing was supported by a majority of voters, eliminating the need for subsequent rounds. Torontos bid was their 5th failure since 1960, the size of China, its increased enforcement of doping controls, and sympathy concerning its loss of the 2000 Summer Olympics to Sydney were all factors in the decision. Eight years earlier, Beijing had led every round of voting for the 2000 Summer Olympics before losing to Sydney by two votes in the final round. Human rights concerns expressed by Amnesty International and politicians in both Europe and the United States were considered by the delegates, according to IOC Executive Director François Carrard, Carrard and others suggested that the selection might lead to improvements in human rights in China. In addition, a number of IOC delegates who had formerly been athletes expressed concern about heat and air quality during the Games, China outlined plans to address these environmental concerns in its bid application. The Oxford Olympics Study 2016 estimates the outturn cost of the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics at USD6.8 billion in 2015-dollars and this includes sports-related costs only, that is, operational costs incurred by the organizing committee for the purpose of staging the Games, e. g. The Beijing Olympics cost of USD6.8 billion compares with costs of USD4.6 billion for Rio 2016, average cost for the Summer Games since 1960 is USD5.2 billion. They went on to claim that revenues from the Games would exceed the original target of $16 million
15.
2016 Summer Olympics
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More than 11,000 athletes from 205 National Olympic Committees, including first time entrants Kosovo, South Sudan, and the Refugee Olympic Team, took part. With 306 sets of medals, the games featured 28 Olympic sports, including rugby sevens and golf and these sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city, and at five in São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Salvador, Brasília, and Manaus. These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee presidency of Thomas Bach, the host city Rio de Janeiro was announced at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen, Denmark, on 2 October 2009. Rio became the first South American city to host the Summer Olympics, the United States topped the medal table for the fifth time in the past six Summer Olympics, winning the most golds and most medals overall, as well as its 1, 000th Olympic gold medal overall. Great Britain finished second and became the first country in the history of the modern Olympics to increase its tally of medals in the subsequent games after being the host nation. Host country Brazil won seven medals, its most at any single Summer Olympics. Bahrain, Fiji, Jordan, Kosovo, Puerto Rico, Singapore, Tajikistan, Ivory Coast and Vietnam each won their first gold medals, the bidding process for the 2016 Olympic Games was officially launched on 16 May 2007. The first step for each city was to submit an application to the International Olympic Committee by 13 September 2007. Completed official bid files, containing answers to a 25-question IOC form, were to be submitted by each 14 January 2008. Four candidate cities were chosen for the shortlist on 4 June 2008, Chicago, Madrid, Rio de Janeiro and Tokyo, prague and Baku also failed to make the cut. Nawal El Moutawakel of Morocco headed the 10-member Evaluation Commission, having chaired the evaluation commission for the 2012 Summer Olympics bids. The commission made on-site inspections in the quarter of 2009. They issued a comprehensive technical appraisal for IOC members on 2 September, many restrictions are in place designed to prevent bidding cities from communicating with or influencing directly the 115 voting members. Cities may not invite any IOC member to visit nor may they send anything that could be construed as a gift, the final voting was held on 2 October 2009, in Copenhagen with Madrid and Rio de Janeiro perceived as favourites to land the games. Chicago and Tokyo were eliminated after the first and second rounds of voting, respectively, the lead held and Rio de Janeiro was announced as host of 2016 Summer Olympics. This comes just five months after CCO Flávio Pestana quit for personal reasons, Pestana withdrew later during the 2012 Summer Paralympics. Renato Ciuchin was then appointed as COO, events took place at eighteen existing venues, nine new venues constructed specifically for the Games, and seven temporary venues. Each event was held in one of four geographically segregated Olympic clusters, Barra, Copacabana, Deodoro, the same was done for the 2007 Pan American Games
16.
10,000 metres world record progression
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The official world records in the 10,000 metres are held by Kenenisa Bekele with 26,17.53 minutes for men and Almaz Ayana from Ethiopia with 29,17.45 minutes for women. The first world record in the mens 10,000 metres was recognized by the International Association of Athletics Federations in 1912, the first ratified record, Jean Bouins time of 30,58.8 minutes, had been run the year before. As of June 21,2009,37 mens world records have been ratified by the IAAF in the event, the first world record in the womens 10,000 metres was recognized by the International Association of Athletics Federations in 1981. As of June 21,2009, eight world records have been ratified by the IAAF in the event. A Howitts time was recorded at the point of 10,186 m, B Georges times were recorded at the 6.25 miles point. Auto times to the hundredth of a second were required by the IAAF for events up to, however, Henry Ronos 27,22.4, timed to the hundredth at 27,22.47, was not adjusted from 1981
17.
Paavo Nurmi
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Paavo Johannes Nurmi was a Finnish middle- and long-distance runner. He was nicknamed the Flying Finn as he dominated distance running in the early 20th century, Nurmi set 22 official world records at distances between 1500 metres and 20 kilometres, and won nine gold and three silver medals in his twelve events in the Olympic Games. At his peak, Nurmi was undefeated at distances from 800 m upwards for 121 races, throughout his 14-year career, he remained unbeaten in cross country events and the 10,000 m. Born into a family, Nurmi left school at 12 to provide for his family. In 1912, he was inspired by the Olympic feats of Hannes Kolehmainen, Nurmi started to flourish during his military service, setting national records en route to his international debut at the 1920 Summer Olympics. After a silver medal in the 5000 m, he took gold in the 10,000 m and the cross country events. In 1923, Nurmi became the first, and so far only, runner to hold the record in the mile, the 5000 m. He went on to set new records for the 1500 m. Seemingly untouched by the Paris heat wave, Nurmi won all his races and returned home five gold medals. Struggling with injuries and motivation issues after his exhaustive U. S. tour in 1925, Nurmi found his long-time rivals Ville Ritola and Edvin Wide ever more serious challengers. At the 1928 Summer Olympics, Nurmi recaptured the 10,000 m title but was beaten for the gold in the 5000 m and he then turned his attention to longer distances, breaking the world records for events such as the one hour run and the 25-mile marathon. Nurmi intended to end his career with a gold medal. In a controversial case that strained Finland–Sweden relations and sparked an inter-IAAF battle, two days before the opening ceremonies, the council rejected his entries. Although he was never declared a professional, Nurmis suspension became definite in 1934, in 1952, he was the lighter of the Olympic Flame at the Summer Olympics in Helsinki. Nurmi, who ran without a stopwatch in his hand, has been credited for introducing the even pace strategy and analytic approach to running. Nurmi was born in Turku, Finland, to carpenter Johan Fredrik Nurmi, Nurmis siblings, Siiri, Saara, Martti and Lahja, were born in 1898,1902,1905 and 1908, respectively. In 1903, the Nurmi family moved from Raunistula into a 40-square-meter apartment in central Turku, the young Nurmi and his friends were inspired by the English long-distance runner Alfred Shrubb. They regularly ran or walked six kilometres to swim in Ruissalo, by the age of eleven, Nurmi ran the 1500 metres in 5,02
18.
Haile Gebrselassie
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Haile Gebrselassie is a retired Ethiopian long-distance track and road running athlete. He won two Olympic gold medals over 10,000 metres and four World Championship titles in the event and he won the Berlin Marathon four times consecutively and also had three straight wins at the Dubai Marathon. Further to this, he won four world titles indoors and was the 2001 World Half Marathon Champion. Haile had major wins at distances between 1500 metres and the marathon, moving from outdoor, indoor and cross country running to road running in the latter part of his career. He broke 61 Ethiopian national records ranging from 800 metres to the marathon, set 27 world records, and is widely regarded as the greatest distance runner in history. In September 2008, at the age of 35, he won the Berlin Marathon with a record time of 2,03,59. The record stood for three years, since he was over the age of 35, that mark still stands as the Masters Age group world record. Haile was born as one of ten children in Asella, Oromiya Region, as a child growing up on a farm he used to run ten kilometres to school every morning, and the same back every evening. This led to a running posture, with his left arm crooked as if still holding his school books. The next year, in 1993, Haile won the first of what would eventually be four consecutive world titles in the mens 10,000 metres at the 1993,1995,1997. His win at the 1993 was however his most infamous as he stepped on the heel of Moses Tanuis shoe at the bell. After the contact, with just one shoe, an angered Tanui moved out to a 10 meter lead, also at the 1993 World Championships he ran in the 5, 000-metre race to finish a close second behind Ismael Kirui of Kenya. In 1994 he won a medal at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships. Later that year he set his first world record by running a 12,56.96 in the 5, 000-metres, in 1995, Haile ran the 10, 000-metres in 26,43.53 in Hengelo, Netherlands, lowering the world record by nine seconds. That same summer, in Zürich, Switzerland, Haile ran the 5000 metres in 12,44.39 and this world record at the Weltklasse meet in Zürich was voted Performance of the Year for 1995 by Track & Field News magazine.09. In 1997, Haile turned the tables on Komen at the same meet, Komen, in turn, took Hailes record only nine days later when Komen ran a 12,39.74 performance in Belgium. In June 1998 in Hengelo, Netherlands, Haile set a 10,000 metres world record 26,22.75, breaking Paul Tergats world record 26,27.85, running evenly paced 13, 11/13,11 5K splits. Just 13 days later, Haile took on the 5000 metres mark of Komen in Helsinki, croatian pacemaker Branko Zorko took the pace out slowly, hitting 1000 metres in 2,33.91 and dropping out at the mile
19.
5000 metres at the Olympics
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The 5000 metres at the Summer Olympics has been contested since the fifth edition of the multi-sport event. The mens 5000 m has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since 1912, the 3000 metres was the first womens Olympic long-distance track event, making its initial appearance at the 1984 Olympics, and this distance was extended to match the mens event from 1996 onwards. It is the most prestigious 5000 m race at elite level, the competition format typically has two qualifying heats leading to a final between fifteen athletes. The Olympic records for the event are 12,57.82 minutes for men, set by Kenenisa Bekele in 2008, at the inaugural 1912 Olympic 5000 metres, Hannes Kolehmainen set the first official IAAF world record for the event. However, this remains the only time that the 5000 metres world record has been broken in Olympic competition. The best time recorded for the womens Olympic 3000 m was 8,26.53 minutes by Tetyana Dorovskikh at the 1988 Seoul Olympics, only three athletes have won multiple titles in the event. Lasse Virén became the first with his wins in 1972 and 1976. Mo Farah became the person with multiple titles, and the second with back-to-back wins. Historically, athletes in this event have also had success in the 10,000 metres at the Olympics, the winner of the mens Olympic 5000 m has completed a long-distance track double on nine occasions, the most recent being Farah at the 2016 Rio Olympics. Tirunesh Dibaba is the woman to complete this double, having done so at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Ethiopia is the most successful nation in the event, having taken six gold medals, the next most successful nation, depending on definition, is either Finland or Kenya. In terms of medals, Finland is equal with Ethiopia at six. Finlands period of success in the 1920s and 1930s led to the wide usage of the nickname the Flying Finns, Kaarlo Maaninka was the last Finnish athlete to medal over 5000 m. Kenya have won fourteen medals in the 5000 m, second only to Ethiopia in total medals in the event, although John Ngugi, nb The German total includes teams both competing as Germany and the Unified Team of Germany, but not East or West Germany. Participation and athlete data Athletics Mens 5000 metres Medalists, TRACK & FIELD ATHLETICS - OLYMPIC RECORD PROGRESSIONS. Specific IAAF5000 metres homepage Official Olympics website Olympic athletics records from Track & Field News
20.
Long-distance running
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Long-distance running, or endurance running, is a form of continuous running over distances of at least three kilometres. Physiologically, it is largely aerobic in nature and requires stamina as well as mental strength, among mammals, humans are well adapted for running significant distances, and particularly so among primates. The endurance running hypothesis suggests that running endurance in the Homo genus arose because travelling over large areas improved scavenging opportunities, the capacity for endurance running is also found in migratory ungulates and a limited number of terrestrial carnivores, such as dogs, wolves and hyenas. Long distance running can also be used as a means to improve cardiovascular health, Running improves aerobic fitness by increasing the activity of enzymes and hormones that stimulate the muscles and the heart to work more efficiently. Endurance running is often a component of military training and has been so historically. Professional running is most commonly found in the field of sports, long-distance running as a form of tradition or ceremony is known among the Hopi and Tarahumara people, among others. Distance running can also serve as an exercise for family, friends, colleagues. The social element of distance running has been linked with improved performance, in the sport of athletics, long-distance events are defined as races covering three kilometres and above. The three most common types are track running, road running and cross country running, all of which are defined by their terrain – all-weather tracks, roads and natural terrain, respectively. In collegiate cross country races in the United States, men race 8000 or 10000 meters, depending on their division, the Summer Olympics features three long-distance running events, the 5000 metres,10,000 metres and marathon. Since the late 1980s, Kenyans, Moroccans and Ethiopians have dominated in major international long-distance competitions, in this method, the hunter would run at a slow and steady pace between one hour and a few days, in an area where the animal has no place to hide. The Old Testament has a few mentions of messengers running to deliver messages, for example, in 2 Samuel 18, two runners, Ahimaaz son of Zadok and a Cushite run to deliver King David the message of the death of his son Absalom. Running messengers are reported from early Sumer, were named lasimu as military men as well as the officials who disseminated documents throughout the kingdom by running. Ancient Greece was famous for its running messengers, who were named hemerodromoi and he collapsed and died as he delivered the message “we won”.2 miles /42.195 km is based on this legend. Humans are considered among the best distance runners among all running animals, game animals are faster over short distances, but they have less endurance than humans. Unlike other primates whose bodies are designed to walk on four legs or climb trees and this leads to different bone and muscular demands especially in the legs and pelvis. Dissipation of metabolic heat, humans’ ability to cool the body by sweating through the surface provides many advantages over panting through the mouth or nose. These include a surface of evaporation and independence of the respiratory cycle
21.
Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics
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Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics were held during the last 10 days of the games, from 12–21 August 2016, at the Olympic Stadium. The sport of athletics in the 2016 Summer Olympics was split into three sets of events, track and field events, road running events, and racewalking events. Track and field events were held at João Havelange Olympic Stadium, while the walks and marathon start and finish in Recreio dos Bandeirantes and Sambódromo. Apart from the walks and marathon, ten track and field events held finals in the morning session for the first time since 1988. In the tables below, M stands for morning and A for afternoon, the Olympic qualification criteria were simplified by the International Association of Athletics Federations from a two-tiered A and B standard approach to a single qualification standard. Each National Olympic Committee was entitled to send up to three athletes per event that had reached that standard in the period from 2015 to 11 July 2016, nations without a qualified athlete could enter one male and one female athlete who had not achieved the standard. Marathon runners had additional ways to qualify in that top 20 World Championship or top 10 IAAF Gold Label race finishers were treated as having achieved the standard. The relay teams entered were the top eight finishers at the 2015 IAAF World Relays plus the eight highest ranking teams on the seasonal lists. Unlike most Summer Olympic Games, the stadium was not the venue for the opening ceremony in Rio de Janeiro – that honour went to Brazils foremost soccer venue. On the first day, the first gold medal was won by Almaz Ayana of Ethiopia, the race as a whole was historically fast, setting four of the five fastest times ever for the distance and seeing eight national records broken. Chinas Wang Zhen was the first male winner of the 2016 Olympic athletics, with her final throw of the event, Michelle Carter won the United States first ever title in the womens shot put, preventing Valerie Adams from winning a third straight title. The first half of the heptathlon saw two athletes set a world heptathlon best, Belgiums Nafissatou Thiam and Great Britains Katarina Johnson-Thompson both cleared 1.98 m for the high jump. The second day opened with a first in Olympic history as a man succeeded his brother as Olympic champion. Mo Farah – a double-Olympic champion from 2012 – defended his 10,000 m crown in spite of a fall which saw him slip to the back of the pack during the middle of race. Farah had been one of three gold medallists for Great Britain on a Super Saturday for the host nation at the 2012 London Games, defending Olympic long jump champion Greg Rutherford was reduced to third place as American Jeff Henderson won the closely fought mens competition. The morning final for the day was the womens marathon. The race was unusual in two sets of twins crossed the line together, North Koreas Kim Hye-song and Kim Hye-gyong took tenth and eleventh while Germans Anna and Lisa Hahner were 81st. Furthermore, Estonias Lily, Leila and Liina Luik became the first triplets to feature in an Olympic final, in the womens triple jump Caterine Ibargüen won Colombias first Olympic gold medal in athletics
22.
Finland at the Olympics
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Finland first participated at the Olympic Games in 1908, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games and every Winter Olympic Games since then. Finland was also the host nation for the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland and Sweden are the only nations that have earned medals at every Olympic Games since 1908. Finnish athletes have won a total of 302 medals at the Summer Games, mostly in athletics, Finland has also won 161 medals at the Winter Games, mostly in nordic skiing events. Finland has hosted the Games on one occasion, *Red border color indicates tournament was held on home soil. Beginning in 1948, Finland has taken part in alpine skiing in 12 previous Olympic games with a record of 1 silver in 2006. In 2010, Finland took part in 7 alpine skiing events with a team of 4, in 2010, Finland took part in 6 biathlon events with a team of 4, their highest placing being 41st. Finland has never participated Olympic bobsleigh, Finland has taken part in cross country skiing in all previous Winter Olympic Games with a medal record of 19 golds,22 silvers and 32 bronzes. In 2010, Finland took part in all 12 cross country skiing events with team of 17, Finland has participated Olympic curling twice, first in 2002, and last in 2006, when they won silver. Beginning in the 1920 Summer Olympics, Finland has taken part in figure skating in 15 Olympic games with a record of 1 gold and 1 silver. In 2010, Finland took part in 2 figure skating events with a team of 3, their highest placing being 6th. Since freestyle skiing became an Olympic sport in 1992, Finland has taken part in it in all games, with a medal record of 1 gold,2 silvers and 1 bronze. In 2010, Finland took part in 2 freestyle skiing events with a team of 4, beginning in 1952, Finland has taken part in ice hockey in 15 previous Olympic games, with a medal record of 2 silvers and 5 bronzes. Finland has never participated Olympic luge, beginning in the first Winter Olympic games, Finland has taken part in Nordic combined in 20 previous games, with a medal record of 4 golds,8 silvers and 2 bronzes, latest medal won in 2006. In 2010, Finland took part in all 3 Nordic combined events with a team of 4, Finland has never participated Olympic short track speed skating. Finland has never participated Olympic skeleton, in 2010, Finland took part in all 3 ski jumping events with a team of 5, their highest placing being 4th. Since snowboarding became an Olympic sport in 1998, Finland has participated in it in all previous games, in 2010, Finland took part in 2 snowboarding events with a team of 5, winning silver in mens halfpipe. In 2010, Finland took part in 2 speed skating events with a team of 4, category, Olympic competitors for Finland Finland at the Paralympics Finland
23.
Flying Finn
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The Flying Finn is a nickname given to several Finnish athletes. Originally, it was given to several Finnish middle and long-distance runners, the term was later extended to notable Finnish racing sportsmen. The nickname was first used of Hannes Kolehmainen, also known as Smiling Hannes, as Finnish runners started to dominate long-distance running, the nickname was passed on to all successful Finns in the sport, including multi-Olympic gold medalists Paavo Nurmi and Ville Ritola. Nurmi won three medals at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Belgium and five at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, where he was partnered with Ritola. Volmari Iso-Hollo, the winner of 3000 m steeplechase at the 1932 and 1936 Summer Olympics, was one of the best-known Finnish runners in the 1930s, during his tour of the United States in 1940, Taisto Mäki—who held five world records—was regularly referred to as a Flying Finn. The last Flying Finn in running was Lasse Virén, who won the 5000 m and 10,000 m events at the 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics, the nickname was next used to describe the efforts of Finnish rally drivers in the 1960s. Timo Mäkinen, Rauno Aaltonen and Simo Lampinen were among the first drivers referenced as the Flying Finn, in 1968, Castrol released a film called The Flying Finns, it featured the 19681000 Lakes Rally and concentrated on documenting the duel between Mäkinen and Hannu Mikkola. The term then moved on to the generations of Finnish rally drivers, and among others. The first driver to carry the nickname in Formula One was Leo Kinnunen, Kinnunen had the title written on his helmet in 1970, when he won the World Sportscar Championship for Porsche. However, he wasnt able to turn his success in sports car racing into a successful F1 career in his underpowered Surtees, in the 1980s the moniker was given to Keke Rosberg, who became the first well-known Finn in the sport, winning the 1982 world championship. Following the success of later Finnish drivers, Rosberg has been described as the original Flying Finn, saarinen died the following year, while leading both the 250cc and 500cc championships and after competing for only three years. He remains in motorcycle sport history books for developing a new riding style, during the 1970s, Finnish rider Heikki Mikkola won four motocross world championships and also became known as the Flying Finn. Mika Kallio, who finished second in the 125cc championship in 2005 and 2006, has also nicknamed the Flying Finn. Mauno Hermunen, who has finished third in 2010 and fourth in 2011 in the world series, has also been nicknamed the Flying Finn. Shefki Kuqi, who played for Scottish side Hibernian F. C. has also nicknamed the Flying Finn, owing to a strange. His habit of throwing himself onto the ground, with his arms outstretched and landing on his chest, has drawn notice from many fans, jarkko Nieminen, tennis player known for his speed. Makwan Amirkhani, mma fighter known for his flying knee attack, Flying Finns - Famous Finnish Rally Drivers
24.
Kenya at the Olympics
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Kenya first participated at the Olympic Games in 1956, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for the boycotted 1976 and 1980 Games. Kenya participated in the Winter Olympic Games in 1998,2002 and 2006, however, their only competitor at these games, Philip Boit, failed to qualify for the 2010 events, and retired in 2011. Kenyan athletes have won 91 medals in total, all from boxing and track, of those,61 medals come from the long-distance running events. In terms of medals won, the most recent Summer Olympics have been Kenyas most successful. The number of Kenyan women winning Olympic medals has risen dramatically, increasingly, Kenya-born athletes are competing in the Olympics for other countries, most notably the USA and Bahrain. In the 2016 Olympics, there were ~20 such athletes, including multiple medal winners, the National Olympic Committee for Kenya is the National Olympic Committee Kenya, founded in 1955. Kenya national athletics team Category, Olympic competitors for Kenya Kenya at the Paralympics Tropical nations at the Winter Olympics Kenya
25.
Naftali Temu
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Naftali Temu was a Kenyan long-distance runner. He became Kenyas first gold medalist when he won the 10,000 metres race at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Temu started systematic training in long-distance running at the age of 14. After completing school education, he served at the Kenyan Army, at the 1964 Olympics he was 49th in the marathon and failed to finish his 10,000 m race. He won the medal in 5,000 m at the inaugural All-Africa Games in 1965. At the 1966 Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica, he beat the record holder Ron Clarke to win the six mile race. Two days later, Temu finished fourth in the three miles, at the Mexico Olympics, in the 10,000 m final, only Mamo Wolde from Ethiopia could to keep Temus pace. Wolde went to lead at the bell, but Temu passed him with only 50 m remaining to win the gold, four days later, he won a bronze medal in the 5,000 m, narrowly beaten by Mohammed Gammoudi from Tunisia and fellow countryman Kipchoge Keino. Temu also competed against Wolde in the marathon, but Wolde broke away after the 30 km mark, Temus career went downward after 1968. He finished nineteenth in the 10,000 m at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games and he retired in 1973 to run a farm in North Mugirango, which was a gift from president Jomo Kenyatta. On 10 March 2003, he died of cancer at the Kenyatta National Hospital
26.
1906 Intercalated Games
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The 1906 Intercalated Games or 1906 Olympic Games was an international multi-sport event that was celebrated in Athens, Greece. They were at the time considered to be Olympic Games and were referred to as the Second International Olympic Games in Athens by the International Olympic Committee. This was apparently a compromise, after the games of Athens 1896. Since they had the accommodation and had proven they could hold well-organized games, however, Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the International Olympic Committee, opposed this. Coubertin had intended the first games to be in Paris in 1900, after Paris lost the premiere Olympics, Coubertin did not want the games to be permanently hosted elsewhere. This was a departure from the ancient schedule, but it was expected that, if the ancient Greeks could keep a four-year schedule, as 1902 was now too close, and Greece experienced internal difficulties, the 2nd Olympic Games in Athens were scheduled for 1906. The IOC as a whole gave the Greek NOC full support for the organization, the 1906 games were quite successful. Unlike the 1900,1904 or 1908 games, they were stretched out over months nor overshadowed by an international exhibition. Their crisp format was most likely instrumental in the existence of the games. These Games also were the first games to have all athlete registration go through the NOCs and they were also the first with an Olympic Village, at the Zappeion. They introduced the ceremony, the raising of national flags for the victors. The Games were held from 22 April to 2 May 1906, in Athens and they took place in the Panathenaic Stadium, which had already hosted the 1896 Games and the earlier Zappas Olympics of 1870 and 1875. The games excluded several disciplines that had occurred during the past two games, it was whether they ought to have been part of the Olympic Games. Added to the program were the javelin throw and the pentathlon, the games included a real opening ceremony, watched by a large crowd. The athletes, for the first time, entered the stadium as national teams, the official opening of the games was done by King Georgios I. There were only two standing jump events in Athens, but Ray Ewry successfully defended his titles in both of them, bringing his total up to 8 gold medals. In 1908 he would defend them one last time for a total of 10 Olympic titles. Paul Pilgrim won both the 400 and 800 metres, a feat that was first repeated during Montreal 1976 by Alberto Juantorena, canadian Billy Sherring lived in Greece for two months, to adjust to the local conditions
27.
1908 Summer Olympics
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The 1908 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the IV Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was held in 1908 in London, England from 27 April to 31 October 1908. These games were scheduled to be held in Rome, but were re-located on financial grounds following a disastrous eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1906. They were the fourth chronological modern Olympic Games in keeping with the now-accepted four-year cycle as opposed to the proposed Intercalated Games alternate four-year cycle, the IOC president for these Games was Baron Pierre de Coubertin. Lasting a total of 187 days, or 6 months and 4 days, the selection process for the 1908 Summer Olympics consisted of four bids, and saw Rome selected ahead of London, Berlin and Milan. The selection was made at the 6th IOC Session in London in 1904, italian authorities were preparing to hold the games when Mount Vesuvius erupted on 7 April 1906, devastating the city of Naples. Funds were diverted to the reconstruction of Naples, so a new venue was required, London was selected for the first time to hold the Games which were held at White City alongside the Franco-British Exhibition, at the time the more noteworthy event. The White City Stadium, built in time for the games. The stadium track was three laps to the mile, not the current standard of 400 metres, with a pool for swimming and diving and platforms for wrestling and gymnastics in the middle. The distance from the start of the Marathon to the finish at the stadium was established at these games. ”As a result of changes, the marathon covered a distance of 26 miles 385 yards. The games were surrounded by controversy, on the opening day, following the practice introduced at the Intercalated Games of 1906, teams paraded behind national flags. The Swedish flag had not been displayed above the stadium, so the members of the Swedish team decided not to part in the ceremony. The flag of the United States had also not been displayed above the stadium before the opening, the United States flag bearer, Ralph Rose, refused to dip the flag to King-Emperor Edward VII in the royal box. However, the flag was dipped in the collective greeting of the royal family. Martin Sheridan, Irish American Athletic Club member and American team captain, is believed to have supported Rose by explaining This flag dips to no earthly king. It is claimed that his statement exemplified both American and Irish defiance of the British monarchy, however, research has shown that this quotation by Sheridan was first reported in 1952, some 24 years after his death. The 1908 Olympics also prompted establishment of rules for sports. One reason was the 400 meter race, in which a US runner was accused of interfering with a British runner, part of the problem was the different definition of interference under British and US rules. The race was re-run, but the Americans refused to participate, the British runner, Wyndham Halswelle, won by running around the track on his own, because three of the four original runners had been American, the only walkover in Olympic history
28.
5000 metres
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The 5000 metres or 5000-meter run is a common long-distance running event in track and field. It is one of the events in the Olympic Games. The same distance in road running is called a 5K run, the 5000 m has been present on the Olympic programme since 1912 for men and since 1996 for women. Prior to 1996, women had competed in an Olympic 3000 metres race since 1984, the 5000 m has been held at each of the World Championships in Athletics in mens competition and since 1995 in womens. The event is almost the length as the dolichos race held at the Ancient Olympic Games. While mainly run as an event, the 5000 m is sometimes run on an indoor track. The IAAF keeps official records for outdoor and indoor 5000 m track events. Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 12,49.60, haile Gebrselassie also ran 12,41.86,12,44.39. Daniel Komen also ran 12,44.90,12,45.09,12,48.98
29.
Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics
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These are the results of athletics competition at the 1912 Summer Olympics. 30 events were contested, all for men only, the athletics programme grew by 4 events since the 1908 Summer Olympics. The 5000 and 10000 metre races were introduced, as the 5 mile event was eliminated, the 400 metre hurdle event made a brief disappearance, making the 1912 Olympics the only time that event was not held since its introduction in 1900. The 4x100 and 4x400 relays replaced the medley relay while the race was shortened from 3 miles to 3000 metres. The decathlon, which had held in 1904 but not in 1908. Steeplechasing was eliminated, while racewalking was cut from 2 events to 1 with the 10 kilometre replacing the 10 mile, the 1908 experiments of the Greek-style discus and the restricted javelin were replaced with two-handed throwing, for the shot put, discus, and javelin. Cross-country events, both for the individual and the team, were introduced, the competitions were held from Saturday, July 6,1912 to Monday, July 15,1912. 556 athletes from 27 nations competed, egypt was the only nation not to compete in athletics
30.
Hannes Kolehmainen
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Juho Pietari Hannes Kolehmainen was a Finnish four-time Olympic Gold medalist and a world record holder in middle- and long-distance running. He was the first in a generation of great Finnish long distance runners, Kolehmainen competed for a number of years in the United States, wearing the Winged Fist of the Irish American Athletic Club. He also enlisted in the 14th Regiment of the National Guard of New York, Kolehmainen, a devoted vegetarian and bricklayer by trade, was from a sportive family from Kuopio – his brothers William and Tatu were also strong long distance runners. Tatu competed in two Olympics and finished 10th in the Marathon in 1920, Hannes was one of the stars of the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, winning three gold medals. His most memorable was the one in the 5000 m, in that event, he ran a heroic duel with Frenchman Jean Bouin. After leading the field together for most of the race, Bouin was only defeated by Kolehmainen in the final metres, in addition, Kolehmainen won the 10000 m and the now discontinued cross country event. With the Finnish team, he obtained a silver place in the cross country team event. At the first post-war Olympics in Antwerp, he won the medal in this event. He would also enter the Olympic marathon in 1924, but did not complete that race, by then, Kolehmainen had found a worthy successor in Paavo Nurmi. Together with Nurmi, he lit the Olympic Flame at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki and he died in that same city, fourteen years later. Media related to Hannes Kolehmainen at Wikimedia Commons Profile in Database Olympics
31.
Finland at the 1912 Summer Olympics
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Finland competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. The Grand Duchy of Finland was part of the Russian Empire at the time, in the Opening Ceremony Finlands team paraded under the national insignia flag of a Swedish-speaking female gymnastics club in Helsinki. 164 competitors,162 men and 2 women, took part in 49 events in 10 sports, Six divers, all men, represented Finland. It was Finlands second appearance in diving, with both of the divers who had represented the nation in 1908 returning, toivo Aro was the only Finnish diver to advance to the finals, doing so in both of his events. His fifth-place finish in the high diving was Finlands best performance to date. Rankings given are within the divers heat, men Six swimmers, including two women, competed for Finland at the 1912 Games. It was the time the nation had competed in swimming. Aaltonen had the best finish of the Games, finishing third in his 400-metre breaststroke final to miss qualification for the final. Ranks given for each swimmer are within the heat, men Women 23 athletes represented Finland. It was the appearance of the nation in athletics, as well as at the Olympics. The Finland athletics team finished with 6 gold medals,4 silvers, hannes Kolehmainen finished with the Olympic records in the 5000 and 10000 metres, as well as gold medals in both events and the individual cross country. Julius Saaristo set an Olympic record in the javelin, though it was quickly surpassed, the Finns swept the medals in the two handed javelin throw, with Saaristo atop the standings. Ranks given are within that athletes heat for running events and it was the first appearance of the nation in cycling. Antti Raita had the best time in the trial, the only race held. The four Finnish cyclists who finished had a time that placed them 5th of the 15 teams. First round Quarterfinals Semifinals Bronze medal match Final rank 4th place Twenty-four gymnasts represented Finland and it was the second appearance of the nation in gymnastics, in which Finland had competed at its only prior Olympic appearance. The Finnish team placed second in the free system event. It was the nations first appearance in rowing and it was the nations first appearance in sailing
32.
Lewis Tewanima
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Louis Tewanima, also spelled Lewis Tewanima, was an American two-time Olympic distance runner and silver medalist in the 10,000 meter run in 1912. He was a Hopi Indian and ran for the Carlisle Indian School where he was a teammate of Jim Thorpe and his silver medal in 1912 remained the best U. S. achievement in this event until another Native American, Billy Mills, won the gold medal in 1964. Tewanima also competed at the 1908 Olympics, where he finished in place in the marathon. Tewanima was a Hopi Indian, and spent nearly his life on a reservation in Arizona. In 1906, as a result of a dispute between the Hopi and U. S. Tewanima once ran the Boston Marathon, in 1909, after the 1912 Olympics Tewanima returned to his reservation and spent the rest of his life herding sheep, and growing crops. In 1954, he was selected for the all-time U. S. Olympic track & field team, Tewanima died after falling from a 70-foot cliff while returning home in the night. Tewanima is a legend to the Hopi tribe and there is a race dedicated to him every year on top of Second Mesa. The race is primarily a 10K and 5K which is held on the Sunday of Labor Day weekend, the 10K and 5K courses start in the village on top of the mesa and follow a foot trail descends and circles around the mesa. The 10K includes a 3-mile run through a riverbed, the last part of both the 5K and 10K is a climb up stairs back to the top of the mesa where the finish line is located. Among other great runners, Billy Mills has been sighted in attendance at this event called the Louis Tewanima Footrace, Hopi people Native Americans in the United States
33.
United States at the 1912 Summer Olympics
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The United States competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. 174 competitors, all men, took part in 68 events in 11 sports, out of the 174 athletes who had participated,63 won medals. Two divers, both men, represented the United States and it was the nations third appearance in diving, appearing in each edition of the diving competition. Both men competed in all three events, gaidzik, the defending bronze medalist in the springboard, advanced to the final in that event and placed eighth. Neither diver advanced to the final in either of the two events. Rankings given are within the divers heat, seven swimmers competed for the United States at the 1912 Games. It was the fifth appearance in swimming, a sport in which the United States had competed at each Olympic Games. The American men finished with two medals and the corresponding Olympic records, as well as a bronze medal, in individual events. The relay team added a medal, and briefly held the world record after winning its semifinal heat. Ranks given for each swimmer are within the heat, men 109 athletes represented the United States. It was the appearance of the nation in athletics, in which it had competed at every Olympics. The Americans won gold medals in 16 of the 30 events and they swept the medals in 4 events, as well as taking the top three spots in the pole vault. Ranks given are within that athletes heat for running events, nine cyclists represented the United States. It was the appearance of the nation in cycling, which it had not appeared in only in 1896. Dressage Eventing Thirteen fencers represented the United States and it was the third appearance of the nation in fencing. No American fencer reached the finals, though two advanced to the semifinals, the United States had one competitor in the first Olympic pentathlon competition. George S. Patton, who would become a general during World War II. Patton finished in place, he was the only non-Swede among the top seven finishers
34.
Finland at the 1920 Summer Olympics
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Finland competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium for the first time as a fully independent state. It did compete at the previous Olympics, however, only as the Russian-dependent Grand Duchy of Finland and it was the nations third appearance in the sport. Valkama was the only diver to advance to a final, placing fifth in the high diving. This result matched Finlands best diving result to date, men Ranks given are within the semifinal group. A single swimmer represented Finland in 1920 and it was the nations third appearance in the sport as well as the Olympics. Aaltonen won bronze medals in both of his breaststroke events and they were Finlands first Olympic swimming medals, Aaltonen had been the first Finn to advance to a swimming event final. Ranks given are within the heat, men 26 athletes represented Finland in 1920. It was the third appearance in athletics, a sport in which Finland had competed each time the country appeared at the Olympics. The Finnish team garnered nine gold medals, matching the United States for the most in that category, with only about a quarter of the number of athletes, however, the Finns could not match the depth of the United States and finished with 13 fewer total medals. The Finland teams greatest successes came in distance running events. They also took the championships in the jump and the pentathlon. Ranks given are within the heat, a single equestrian represented Finland in 1920. It was the debut in the sport. Wilkman competed in the competition, placing 17th. Two pentathletes represented Finland in 1920 and it was the nations debut in the sport. A point-for-place system was used, with the lowest total score winning, three figure skaters represented Finland in 1920. It was the debut in the sport. The Jakobssons, a couple, won the pairs competition
35.
Joseph Guillemot
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Joseph Guillemot was a French middle- and long-distance runner. He won the 5000 metres and was second in the 10,000 metres at the 1920 Summer Olympics, guillemots athletics career began while he was serving in World War I. During the war he won the national championships of the French military. He then returned to the front and fought until the Armistice on November 11,1918, during World War I, Guillemot was the victim of an accident that left his right lung permanently damaged by mustard gas. In addition, his heart was located on the side of his chest. Nevertheless, Guillemot went on to have a career in athletics. In 1920 Guillemot won the French national championship in the 5000 m, the favourite for the 5000 m in Antwerp was Paavo Nurmi. In the final of the 5000 m, Nurmi ran at a pace in the first half of the race as a strategy to exhaust the Swedes Eric Backman. Only Guillemot was able to follow Nurmis pace, Guillemot passed Nurmi on the last bend to take the victory. Guillemot then took the medal in the 10,000 m behind Nurmi. The final of the 10,000 m was brought forward by three hours at the request of King Albert of Belgium, which Guillemot was only informed of after eating a large lunch. Suffering from stomach cramps and wearing shoes that were two sizes too large, Guillemot finished 1.4 seconds behind Nurmi in second place. After the 1920 Olympics, Guillemot won three titles in the International Cross Country Championships, one title in 1922 and two with the French team in 1922 and 1926. He won the French 5000 m title on three occasions, but missed the 1924 Olympics due to disagreements with the French Athletics Union, Guillemot held two world records,2000 m and 3000 m. Having been a pack a day cigarette smoker, Guillemot died of cancer in Oradour-Saint-Genest at the age of 75
36.
France at the 1920 Summer Olympics
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France competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. 304 competitors,296 men and 8 women, took part in 113 events in 23 sports, the team ended up with one gold medal, four silvers, and a bronze. A single diver represented France in 1920 and it was the nations debut appearance in the sport. Weil came in last in his springboard semifinal group and did not advance to the final, men Ranks given are within the semifinal group. Thirteen swimmers, ten men and three women, represented France in 1920 and it was the nations fourth appearance in the sport. None of the swimmers were able to advance to an event final, Ranks given are within the heat. Men Women France competed in the Olympic water polo tournament for the time in 1920. A modified version of the Bergvall System was in use at the time, France was defeated by Brazil in the opening round, not qualifying for either the silver or bronze tournaments. Round of 16 Final rank 11th 59 athletes represented France in 1920 and it was Frances sixth appearance in athletics, having competed in the sport at every Olympics. Guillemot took the nations first Olympic gold medal in athletics by winning the 5,000 metres and he also added a silver in the 10,000 while the team took two more medals in the relay events. Ranks given are within the heat,15 boxers represented France at the 1920 Games. It was the second appearance in boxing. The team won three medals, including one of type, after four of the 15 men advanced to the semifinals. The two French featherweight boxers faced off in the finals, taking gold and silver, the bronze came in the heavyweight class. France, which had not won a bout in 1908. Thirteen cyclists represented France in 1920 and it was the nations fifth appearance in the sport. After a disappointing result in 1912, the French road cyclists had a better Games in 1920, the four-man team took the gold medal in the team time trial, on the strength of three top-10 individual performances including Canteloubes individual bronze. The track cyclists were unable to take a medal, with highlights including Lanusse reaching the semifinals of the sprint, Ranks given are within the heat
37.
James Wilson (athlete)
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James Wilson was a Scottish long-distance runner who specialised in the 10,000 metres. He competed for Great Britain at the 1920 Summer Olympics and won a medal in the 10,000 metres, five seconds behind Paavo Nurmi. He finished fourth in the individual 8,000 m cross-country race, again behind Nurmi, nationally Wilson won Scottish titles over 4 miles in 1914–20 and over 10 miles in 1920. James and his twin brother John were the youngest of five children of Isabella and Robert Wilson and his father was a herdsman from Aberdeenshire. James and John were inspired to join the athletics club by watching the 1908 Olympic marathon race that passed nearby their home. Later, when World War I broke out, John enlisted to the army and died from peritonitis in 1916, after the 1920 Olympics he found a job as mechanical engineer at the Neasden Power Station, which provided electricity to the Metropolitan Railways, and semi-retired from running. He resumed competing in 1923, when he joined Surrey Athletic Club, Wilson was married to Annie Williams. He died from a bowel cancer aged 81–82
38.
Great Britain at the 1920 Summer Olympics
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland competed as Great Britain at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. 234 competitors,218 men and 16 women, took part in 84 events in 21 sports, British athletes won fifteen gold medals and 43 medals overall, finishing third. Five divers, three men and two women, represented Great Britain in 1920 and it was the nations third appearance in the sport. Just as in 1912, the women had the better showing for the country, armstrong posted the countrys best result to that point, taking the silver medal in the platform. White, who had won Great Britains only previous medal in the sport, was unable to match her bronze from 1912, men Ranks given are within the semifinal group. Women Ranks given are within the semifinal group, eighteen swimmers, twelve men and six women, represented Great Britain in 1920. It was the fourth appearance in the sport. Great Britain won two medals, one in each of the relays, the men took bronze, while the women took silver. Jeans was the only individual finalist for the country, advancing to the finals in both of the events and taking fourth place each time. Ranks given are within the heat, men Women Great Britain competed in the Olympic water polo tournament for the fourth time in 1920, the fifth appearance of the sport in the Olympics. Britain won its fourth gold medal in the sport, the Bergvall System was used in 1920. Great Britain won all three of its matches, taking the gold medal, quarterfinals Semifinals Final Final rank Gold 41 athletes represented Great Britain in 1920. It was the sixth appearance in athletics, having competed in the sport at every Olympics. With four medals of each type, Great Britain was the third most successful nation in athletics, behind the United States, Ranks given are within the heat. 16 boxers represented Great Britain at the 1920 Games and it was the nations second appearance in boxing. Great Britain was one of two countries to two boxers in each of the eight weight classes, along with the United States. The British boxers won a total of six medals, one more than Canada, thirteen cyclists represented Great Britain in 1920. It was the fourth appearance in the sport
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