1.
Printer's key
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The printer’s key, also known as the number line, is a line of text printed on the copyright page of books, used to indicate the print run. Publishers began this convention about the middle of the 20th century, an example follows, This is how the printers key will appear in the first print run of a book. Numbers are removed with subsequent printings, so if 1 is seen then the book is the first printing of that edition, if it is the second printing then the 1 is removed, meaning that the lowest number seen will be 2. This format is shown in the page image accompanying this article. Sometimes number lines also include a line, This indicates a second printing. More specifically, it is this particular imprints second impression of the edition, bibliographers usually define a first edition as all printings from substantially the same type setting, no matter how many printings are done. Book collectors tend to define first edition as the first printing of the first edition, with each successive reprint, the publisher needs to instruct the printer to change the impression number. In practice, if the plates have been kept, a number can be erased, in this arrangement, all the printer must do is rub off the last number in sequence. Changing only the outer number requires the fewest possible changes to the page of characters, in the case of a Linotype slug, the lowest number could be filed off and the slug reused. For offset printing with metal plates, the number can be erased without damaging the rest of the plate, in each case, the change is minimal
2.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
3.
Midnight Oil
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Midnight Oil are an Australian rock band, who originally performed as Farm from 1972 with drummer Rob Hirst, bass guitarist Andrew James and keyboard player/lead guitarist Jim Moginie. While vocalist Peter Garrett was studying at Australian National University in Canberra, he answered an advertisement for a spot in Farm, and by 1975 the band was touring the east coast. By late 1976, Garrett moved to Sydney to complete his law degree, important to their development was manager Gary Morris who was able to negotiate favourable contracts with tour promoters and record companies and frustrate rock journalists. Founding bass guitarist James, forced to leave due to illness in 1980, was replaced by Peter Gifford, Gifford was himself replaced by Bones Hillman in 1987. S. L. Redneck Wonderland, The Real Thing, Capricornia and Flat Chat, Australian Top Ten singles were Power and the Passion, The Dead Heart, Beds Are Burning and Blue Sky Mine. In December 2002, Garrett announced that he would seek to further his political career, Midnight Oil won eleven Australian Recording Industry Association Awards during its career, including induction into the Hall of Fame in 2006. In 2010, their album Diesel and Dust ranked no.1 in the book The 100 Best Australian Albums by Toby Creswell, Craig Mathieson, in 1971, drummer Rob Hirst, bass guitarist Andrew James, and keyboard player/lead guitarist Jim Moginie were performing together. They adopted the name Farm in 1972, and played covers of Cream, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Garrett was studying at Australian National University in Canberra, so Farm was only a part-time band. They played for the northern Sydney surfing community, and by 1975 the band was touring the east coast, in late 1976, Garrett moved to Sydney to complete his Law degree. Farm then became a group and so changed its name to Midnight Oil by drawing a name out of a hat, leaving behind Television, Sparta. Midnight Oil came from the Jimi Hendrix song, Burning of the Midnight Lamp, after changing its name to Midnight Oil, the group began to develop an aggressive, punk-hard rock sound for their pub rock audiences. Guitarist Martin Rotsey joined in 1977 and Midnight Oil, with their manager Gary Morris,43 on the Australian albums charts. Midnight Oils first single Run by Night followed in December, but had little chart success. The band built a fan base, initially restricted to Sydney. The Midnight Oil LP disappointed some critics as it did not capture their live performances, with undemanding playing. Their second album Head Injuries, released on Powderworks in October 1979, was produced by former Supercharge member Leszek Karski and it mixed solid guitar rock with progressive flourishes and was an improvement by highlighting the groups strengths and growth. It peaked at No.36 and by mid-1980 had achieved gold status, in April 1980 founding bass guitarist Andrew James left because of ill-health and was replaced by Peter Gifford. Further interest in Midnight Oil was generated by the popular Bird Noises EP, also produced by Karski, One of its four tracks was the surf-instrumental Wedding Cake Island named after the rock outcrop in the ocean off Sydneys Coogee Beach
4.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
5.
New wave music
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New wave is a genre of rock music popular from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s with ties to 1970s punk rock. New wave moved away from smooth blues and rock and roll sounds to create pop music that incorporated electronic and experimental music, mod, initially new wave was similar to punk rock, before becoming a distinct genre. It subsequently engendered subgenres and fusions, including synth-pop, college rock, common characteristics of new wave music include the use of synthesizers and electronic productions, the importance of styling and the arts, as well as diversity. In the mid-1980s, differences between new wave and other genres began to blur. New wave has enjoyed resurgences since the 1990s, after a rising nostalgia for several new wave-influenced artists, subsequently, the genre influenced other genres. During the 2000s, a number of acts explored new wave and post-punk influences, such as the Strokes, Interpol, Franz Ferdinand and these acts were sometimes labeled new wave of new wave. The catch-all nature of new music has been a source of much confusion. The 1985 discography Whos New Wave in Music listed artists in over 130 separate categories, the New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock calls the term virtually meaningless, while AllMusic mentions stylistic diversity. New wave first emerged as a genre in the early 1970s, used by critics including Nick Kent and Dave Marsh to classify such New York-based groups as the Velvet Underground. It gained currency beginning in 1976 when it appeared in UK punk fanzines such as Sniffin Glue and newsagent music weeklies such as Melody Maker and New Musical Express. In November 1976 Caroline Coon used Malcolm McLarens term new wave to designate music by bands not exactly punk, the term was also used in that sense by music journalist Charles Shaar Murray in his comments about the Boomtown Rats. For a period of time in 1976 and 1977, the new wave. By the end of 1977, new wave had replaced punk as the definition for new music in the UK. As radio consultants in the United States had advised their clients that punk rock was a fad, like the filmmakers of the French new wave movement, its new artists were anti-corporate and experimental. At first, most U. S. writers exclusively used the new wave for British punk acts. Music historian Vernon Joynson claimed that new wave emerged in the UK in late 1976, in the U. S. the first new wavers were the not-so-punk acts associated with the New York club CBGB. CBGB owner Hilly Kristal, referring to the first show of the band Television at his club in March 1974, said, furthermore, many artists who would have originally been classified as punk were also termed new wave. A1977 Phonogram Records compilation album of the same name features US artists including the Dead Boys, Ramones, Talking Heads, New wave is much more closely tied to punk and came and went more quickly in the United Kingdom than in the United States
6.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
7.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
8.
Place without a Postcard
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Place Without a Postcard is the third studio album by Australian alternative rockers, Midnight Oil, which was released in November 1981 under Sprint Music and the Columbia Records label. It peaked at No.12 on the Kent Music Report albums chart, the bands third LP Place Without a Postcard, released by CBS Records in November 1981, was recorded in Sussex with English producer Glyn Johns at a studio/barn on Johns property. Creative tensions between the band and Johns plagued the recording and the group were not totally happy with the outcome. Johns had an arrangement with A&M Records and they asked Midnight Oil to return to the studio to record material suitable for an American single release – the group refused and returned to Australia. Place without a Postcard peaked at No.12 on the charts and related singles Don’t Wanna be the One. Cover and other photography by Robert Butcher, the album scored 3/5 from Allmusic. From iTunes, Midnight Oil went to England to record and turned to a major label and you might have expected this to make for a sonic breakthrough, but youd be wrong. The band was experiencing growing pains, trying to stretch musically, and, at least at first, Peter Garrett – lead vocals Peter Gifford – bass, vocals Rob Hirst – drums, vocals Jim Moginie – guitars, keyboards Martin Rotsey – guitars Midnight Oil
9.
Red Sails in the Sunset (album)
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Red Sails in the Sunset is a rock album by Australian group Midnight Oil which was released in October 1984 under the Columbia Records label. It was recorded and produced in Tokyo, Japan and is significant for becoming their first No.1 album in Australia – it also entered the United States Billboard 200, the cover image, by Japanese artist Tsunehisa Kimura, depicts Sydney Harbour after a hypothetical nuclear strike. In 2004 the film later became part of a DVD album. Red Sails in the Sunset contains the only Midnight Oil tracks with vocals provided by their drummer Rob Hirst, When the Generals Talk. The album spawned two singles, When the Generals Talk and Best of Both Worlds but neither appeared on the Australian singles chart, Midnight Oil released Red Sails in the Sunset in October 1984. It was recorded in June to August in Japan, and was produced by Nick Launay, Columbia asked the band to return to the studio and record a more commercial single that could chart in America, but the band refused. Drummer Rob Hirst said that the band told Columbia to take it or leave it and it peaked at No.1 for four weeks on the Australian charts, and charted on the Billboard 200. Singles from the album were released in the United States. Whilst the album showed an over-reliance on technical wizardry, their stance was positive. The band continued to expand their sound and explore themes of politics, consumerism, militarism, the album cover by Japanese artist Tsunehisa Kimura featured a photomontage of Sydney – both city and harbour – cratered and devastated after a hypothetical nuclear attack. Live concert footage of Short Memory was used in the Australian independent anti-nuclear war movie One Night Stand, a promotional video for Best of Both Worlds received airplay worldwide on cable music TV station MTV. The concert was filmed, simulcast on ABC-TV and Triple J, and released on video, however Garretts vocals showed an unrelentingly judgmental tone. Tended to douse the albums potential enjoyment, rolling Stones Don Shewey felt their music combines the postpunk abrasiveness of the Clash and Gang of Four with the Kinks music-hall variety and the pure pop of groups like Cheap Trick. Shewey wrote that their references to politics and history that stud the groups songs. Bill Wolfe of Spin wrote, Midnight Oil is not only the Australian band of the 80s, it may very well be the band of the 80s
10.
Columbia Records
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Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. the United States division of Sony Corporation. It was founded in 1887, evolving from an enterprise named the American Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the sound business. Columbia Records went on to release records by an array of singers, instrumentalists. It is one of Sony Musics three flagship record labels alongside RCA Records and Epic Records, rather, as above, it was connected to CBS, a broadcasting media company which had purchased the company in 1938, and had been co-founded in 1927 by Columbia Records itself. Though Arista Records was sold to Bertelsmann Music Group, it would become a sister label of Columbia Records through its mutual connection to Sony Music. The Columbia Phonograph Company was founded in 1887 by stenographer, lawyer and New Jersey native Edward Easton and it derived its name from the District of Columbia, where it was headquartered. At first it had a monopoly on sales and service of Edison phonographs and phonograph cylinders in Washington. As was the custom of some of the regional companies, Columbia produced many commercial cylinder recordings of its own. Columbias ties to Edison and the North American Phonograph Company were severed in 1894 with the North American Phonograph Companys breakup, thereafter it sold only records and phonographs of its own manufacture. In 1902, Columbia introduced the XP record, a brown wax record. According to Gracyk, the molded brown waxes may have sold to Sears for distribution. Columbia began selling records and phonographs in addition to the cylinder system in 1901, preceded only by their Toy Graphophone of 1899. For a decade, Columbia competed with both the Edison Phonograph Company cylinders and the Victor Talking Machine Company disc records as one of the top three names in American recorded sound. In order to add prestige to its catalog of artists. The firm also introduced the internal-horn Grafonola to compete with the extremely popular Victrola sold by the rival Victor Talking Machine Company, during this era, Columbia used the famous Magic Notes logo—a pair of sixteenth notes in a circle—both in the United States and overseas. Columbia was split into two companies, one to make records and one to make players, Columbia Phonograph was moved to Connecticut, and Ed Easton went with it. Eventually it was renamed the Dictaphone Corporation, in late 1923, Columbia went into receivership
11.
Kent Music Report
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The Kent Music Report was a weekly record chart of Australian music singles and albums which was compiled by music enthusiast David Kent from May 1974 through to 1988. After 1988, the Australian Recording Industry Association, who had been using the report under licence for a number of years, prior to the Kent Report, Go-Set magazine published weekly Top-40 Singles from 1966 and Album charts from 1970 until the magazines demise in August 1974. David Kent later publicised the Australian charts from 1940–1973 in a retrospective fashion using state by state chart data obtained from various Australian radio stations. Kent had spent a number of years working in the music industry at both EMI and Phonogram records and had developed the report initially as a hobby. The Kent Music Report was first released on a basis in July 1974 and was offered for subscription. The report data was based solely on radio station charts from around the country. These radio station charts were compiled using data collected from local record stores and. In 1976, as funding from subscriptions grew, Kent himself started collecting data from retail stores to supplement the radio station charts. His operation grew and staff were employed to assist with research, within a year or so, the major record companies started using the Report for their own marketing programs and it had established itself as the leading national chart publication. From 1982, retail sales data collected by Kent and his staff were used exclusively, some radio station chart data was used as supplementary information, however. At about the time, the Australian Recording Industry Association was established by the major record companies, being EMI, Festival Records, CBS, RCA, WEA. From 1983 until 1988 ARIA had an arrangement with Kent to use the Report under their own banner. The Kent Report continued however and in 1987 was rebadged as the Australian Music Report, in 1988 the arrangement with ARIA ended and the ARIA Charts were produced in-house by the Association. In April 1998, the AMR charts ceased publishing, leaving the ARIA charts as the nationally recognised chart publication. In 1993, David Kent published his Australian Chart Book 1970 -1992 and this was based on his chart data already published as the Kent Music Report from May 1974 onwards. He specially retro-calculated charts based on state-based Australian radio station available to him dated prior to May 1974. On this basis, he put together Australian national charts from 1940 -1969. Prior to 1949, radio music charts in Australia were only available on a monthly basis
12.
100 Best Australian Albums
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The 100 Best Australian Albums is a compendium of rock and pop albums of the past 50 years as compiled by music journalists Toby Creswell, Craig Mathieson and John ODonnell. The book was published on 25 October 2010 by Hardie Grant Books, Sony Music has released a five CD compilation to support the book. According to ODonnell, It wouldnt be a good list if it didnt polarise people and we also hope that it will get people sitting around comparing their favourites and discovering or re-discovering these great albums and others. Creswell wrote his first article on rock & roll for Nation Review in 1972 and he subsequently wrote articles about all aspects of popular culture and music for RAM, Billboard, Roadrunner and other national and international magazines and newspapers. He has worked for MTV and a variety of programs as a writer and presenter. In 1985 he became editor of the Australian edition of Rolling Stone and he continued to edit Rolling Stone until September 1992. He was an editor of Juice Magazine. ODonnell started out as a writer, worked as Music Editor at Rolling Stone, before leaving to co-found. In 1994 ODonnell created the Murmur label for Sony Music Australia and went on to successful artists, including Silverchair, Ammonia, Jebediah. He later worked for Sony at the level before leaving for EMI Australia in 2002. ODonnell was the CEO of EMI in the Oceania region from 2002 until September 2008, ODonnell is also active in a number of industry bodies such as ARIA and PPCA. In July 2009, ODonnell and some of his friends discussed their selections for the best Australian albums and he decided a book on the topic was required and contacted fellow journalists, Creswell and Mathieson, to pitch the idea to publishers with Hardie Grant being chosen. Over the latter part of 2009, the trio revisited numerous albums, ODonnell estimates he listened to 450–500
13.
Diesel and Dust
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Diesel and Dust is the sixth studio album by Australian rock band Midnight Oil, released in August 1987 by Spirit Music label under Columbia Records. Diesel and Dust was produced by Warne Livesey and the band and it is a concept album about the struggles of Indigenous Australians and environmental causes, issues important to the band. It drew inspiration from the Blackfella/Whitefella Tour of remote Indigenous communities with the Warumpi Band and Gondwanaland in 1986, the album peaked at No.1 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart for six weeks. In 1989, Rolling Stone magazine ranked it No.13 on their list of the 100 best albums of the 1980s, in October 2010 it was listed at No.1 in the book 100 Best Australian Albums. The tour was criticised by journalists for being a one-off event instead of a long-term attempt to build bridges between communities. The band was galvanised by the experiences and made them the basis of their album, Diesel and Dust, which was released in August 1987 and produced by Warne Livesey. The album focused on the need for recognition by white Australia of past injustices involving the Aboriginal nation, Peter Gifford left the band before the albums release due to extensive touring schedules, and was replaced on bass guitar by Bones Hillman, formerly of The Swingers. Diesel and Dust peaked at No.1 on the Australian albums charts for six weeks, No.21 on the US Billboard 200 in 1988, and No.19 on the UK Albums Chart. Beds Are Burning was their biggest international hit single, peaking at No.6 in Australia, No.17 on the US Billboard Hot 100, the Dead Heart peaked at No.6 in Australia, and charted on the Hot 100 and in the UK. Put Down that Weapon also charted in Australia, while Dreamworld charted on Billboards Mainstream Rock Tracks, at the Australian Recording Industry Association 1988 Awards ceremony, Midnight Oil won Best Cover Artist for Diesel and Dust and both Best Single and Best Song for Beds Are Burning. There were concerns about Diesel and Dust and Midnight Oils attempts to express indigenous issues to white urban audiences - namely, the lyrics of The Dead Heart tell the story of colonisation from an indigenous point of view but some critics felt they reinforced the primitive stereotype. Use of the bullroarer was criticised as belonging to sacred rituals, Midnight Oil requested that all royalties from the song go to indigenous communities. In addition, two groups, Warumpi Band and Gondwanaland, toured with them. All sales proceeds were donated to the National Coalition of Aboriginal Organisations, arctic World was written by Jim Moginie and Peter Garrett and runs for 4 minutes,21 seconds. The song is about mining and oil drilling in Greenland and Alaska, according to Australian rock music historian, Ian McFarlane, Diesel and Dust showed Midnight Oil reached the peak of its powers with the release of the groundbreaking. Album. is arguably one of the greatest Australian albums of all time, in 1989, Rolling Stone magazine ranked it No.13 on their list of the 100 best albums of the 1980s. In October 2010 it was listed at No.1 in the book,100 Best Australian Albums, track 11 was included on some CD releases only, not on the vinyl and cassette releases or the original US CD release. Warakurna is a town in Western Australia, close to the Northern Territory border
14.
Unusual types of gramophone records
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The overwhelming majority of records manufactured have been of certain sizes, playback speeds, and appearance. However, since the adoption of the gramophone record, a wide variety of records have also been produced that do not fall into these categories. The most common sizes for gramophone records are 12-inch, 10-inch. Early American shellac records were all 7-inch until 1901, when 10-inch records were introduced, 12-inch records joined them in 1903. By 1910, other sizes were retired and nearly all discs were either 10-inch or 12-inch, in Europe, early 10-inch and 12-inch shellac records were produced in the first three decades of the twentieth century. 7-inch childrens records were sold before World War II but nearly all were made of brittle shellac, in the late 1940s, small plastic records, including some small picture discs, replaced them. Ten-inch childrens records were made as well, but the 7-inch size was more compatible with small hands, the 7-inch size was also used for flexi discs which were popular in Japan where they were known as sound-sheets and were often in traditional round format. In other areas, flexi discs were usually square and often included in a magazine, numerous unusual diameters have been produced since the early 1900s ranging from 2 to 19.7 inches. Oddly shaped discs were also produced, the most common rotational speeds for gramophone records are 33 1⁄3 revolutions per minute,45 RPM, and 78 RPM. Throughout the history of the industry, however, numerous unusual turn-speeds ranging from 3 to 130 RPM have been utilized for a variety of purposes. In the early 1920s, the World Record Company in the U. K. introduced longer-playing records with speeds measured in inches per second rather than revolutions per minute and this is known as the CLV format, as opposed to the usual CAV format. Of course, only special World records could be used, the World system was a commercial failure. The principle, first proposed in a fundamental U. S, compact discs and DVDs use the CLV format to make efficient use of their surface areas. Both machines recorded at a pitch, but the Grey Audograph could only record at one linear speed allowing 15 minutes per side of a 7-inch disc. The CGS or Memovox, on the hand, had a High Fidelity speed as well as a Speech speed. In the 1970s, Atlantic Records started producing a series of albums later designated on a known as Syntonic Research. Each album consisted of two tracks, usually at least half an hour long per side, of sounds recorded of various locations. There were a few dozen made and these were mostly used for soundscape or relaxation purposes
15.
Diamond Dogs
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Diamond Dogs is the eighth studio album by the English musician David Bowie, released on 24 May 1974 on the label RCA. Thematically, it was a marriage of the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell, Bowie had wanted to make a theatrical production of Orwells book and began writing material after completing sessions for his 1973 album Pin Ups, but the authors estate denied the rights. The songs wound up on the half of Diamond Dogs instead where, as the titles indicated. As was the case with some songs on Aladdin Sane, the influence of the Rolling Stones was also evident, the original vinyl album ended with a juddering refrain Bruh/bruh/bruh/bruh/bruh, the first syllable of Brother, repeats incessantly. Sweet Thing was Bowies first try at William S. Burroughs cut-up style of writing, in the studio, however, Herbie Flowers played bass with drums being shared between Aynsley Dunbar and Tony Newman. Diamond Dogs was also a milestone in Bowies career as it reunited him with Tony Visconti, Visconti would go on to co-produce much of Bowies work for the rest of the decade. The cover artwork features Bowie as a striking half-man, half-dog grotesque painted by Belgian artist Guy Peellaert and it was controversial as the full image on the gatefold cover showed the hybrids genitalia. Very few copies of original cover made their way into circulation at the time of the albums release. At the time of its release Bowie described Diamond Dogs as a political album. More me than anything Ive done previously, disc magazine compared the album to The Man Who Sold the World, while Rock and Sounds both described it as his most impressive work. It made No.1 in the UK charts and No.5 in the US, in Canada, it was able to repeat its British chart-topping success, hitting No.1 on the RPM100 national albums chart in July 1974 and holding it for two weeks. Bowie himself described the Diamond Dogs, introduced in the song, as, all little Johnny Rottens. And, in my mind, there was no means of transport, so they were all rolling around on these roller-skates with huge wheels on them, and they squeaked because they hadnt been oiled properly. So there were these gangs of squeaking, roller-skating, vicious hoods, with Bowie knives and furs on, and they were all skinny because they hadnt eaten enough, in a way it was a precursor to the punk thing. Bowie played all of the songs except We Are the Dead on his 1974 Diamond Dogs Tour. All tracks written by David Bowie, except where noted, Diamond Dogs was first released on CD by RCA in 1985 with censored cover art. The German and Japanese masters were sourced from different tapes and are not identical for each region, dr. Future Legend stops at 1,01 and Diamond Dogs has 6,04 in this version. Bonus tracks Dodo –2,53 Candidate –5,09 The album was remastered by Peter Mew at Abbey Road Studios, the third in a series of 30th Anniversary 2CD Editions, this release included a remastered version of Diamond Dogs on the first disc
16.
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
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Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band is the eighth studio album by English rock band the Beatles. Released on 1 June 1967, it was an commercial and critical success. Time magazine declared it a departure in the progress of music. It won four Grammy Awards in 1968, including Album of the Year, in August 1966, the Beatles permanently retired from touring and began a three-month holiday from recording. During a return flight to London in November, Paul McCartney had an idea for a song involving an Edwardian era military band that would form the impetus of the Sgt. In February 1967, after recording the Sgt, Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band song, McCartney suggested that the Beatles should release an entire album that would represent a performance by the fictional Sgt. This alter ego group would give them the freedom to experiment musically, during the recording sessions, the band furthered the technological progression they had made with their 1966 album Revolver. Recording was completed on 21 April 1967, the cover, depicting the Beatles posing in front of a tableau of celebrities and historical figures, was designed by the British pop artists Peter Blake and Jann Haworth. Pepper is regarded by musicologists as a concept album that advanced the use of extended form in popular music while continuing the artistic maturation seen on the Beatles preceding releases. It has been described as one of the first art rock LPs, aiding the development of progressive rock, and credited with marking the beginning of the Album Era. An important work of British psychedelia, the album incorporates a range of influences, including vaudeville, circus, music hall, avant-garde. In 2003, the Library of Congress placed Sgt, Pepper in the National Recording Registry, honouring the work as culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. That same year, Rolling Stone magazine ranked it one in its list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. As of 2011, it has more than 32 million copies worldwide. Professor Kevin J. Dettmar, writing in the Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature, described it as the most important and influential rock and it is the best selling album worldwide of the 1960s. By 1966, the Beatles had grown weary of live performance, in John Lennons opinion, they could send out four waxworks. and that would satisfy the crowds. Beatles concerts are nothing to do with music anymore, in June that year, two days after finishing the album Revolver, the group set off for a tour that started in Germany. While in Hamburg they received a telegram stating, Do not go to Tokyo
17.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
18.
Rolling Stone
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Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors
19.
The Rolling Stone Album Guide
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The Rolling Stone Album Guide, previously known as The Rolling Stone Record Guide, is a book that contains professional music reviews written and edited by staff members from Rolling Stone magazine. Its first edition was published in 1979 and its last in 2004, the guide can be seen at Rate Your Music, while a list of albums given a five star rating by the guide can be seen at Rocklist. net. The Rolling Stone Record Guide was the first edition of what would later become The Rolling Stone Album Guide and it was edited by Dave Marsh and John Swenson, and included contributions from 34 other music critics. It is divided into sections by musical genre and then lists artists alphabetically within their respective genres, Albums are also listed alphabetically by artist although some of the artists have their careers divided into chronological periods. Dave Marsh, in his Introduction, cites as precedents Leonard Maltins book TV Movies and he gives Phonolog and Schwanns Records & Tape Guide as raw sources of information. The first edition included black and white photographs of many of the covers of albums which received five star reviews and these titles are listed together in the Five-Star Records section, which is coincidentally five pages in length. The edition also included reviews for many artists including Lenny Bruce, Lord Buckley, Bill Cosby, The Firesign Theatre, Spike Jones. Comedy artists were listed in the catch-all section Rock, Soul, Country and Pop, which included the genres of folk, bluegrass, funk, traditional pop performers were not included, with the notable exceptions of Frank Sinatra and Nat King Cole. Included too were some artists who might now be considered as world music. Big band jazz was handled selectively, with certain band leaders omitted, many other styles of jazz did appear in the Jazz section. The book was notable for the time in the provocative, in your style of many of its reviews. For example, writing about Neil Youngs song, Down by the River and his colleague, Dave Marsh, in reviewing the three albums of the jazz fusion group Chase, gave a one-word review, Flee. Good, a record of average worth, but one that might possess considerable appeal for fans of a particular style, mediocre, a record that is artistically insubstantial, though not truly wretched. Poor, a record where even technical competence is at question or it was remarkably ill-conceived, worthless, a record that need never have been created. Reserved for the most bathetic bathwater, Dave Marsh John Swenson Billy Altman Bob Blumenthal Georgia Christgau Jean-Charles Costa Chet Flippo Russell Gersten Mikal Gilmore Alan E. Like the first edition, it was edited by Dave Marsh and it included contributions from 52 music critics and featured chronological album listings under the name of each artist. In many cases, updates from the first edition consist of short, the only difference is that in addition to a rating, the second edition employs the pilcrow mark to indicate a title that was out of print at the time the guide was published. Many records had their ratings lowered as the book now offered a revisionist slant to rocks history and it included contributions from 16 music critics and featured alphabetical album listings under the name of each artist
20.
The Village Voice
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The Village Voice is an American news and culture paper, known for being the countrys first alternative newsweekly. Founded in 1955 by Dan Wolf, Ed Fancher and Norman Mailer, since its founding, The Village Voice has received three Pulitzer Prizes, the National Press Foundation Award and the George Polk Award. Among news sources, The Village Voice is known for its combination of news reporting and arts & culture coverage. The Village Voice has hosted a variety of writers and artists, including writer Ezra Pound, cartoonist Lynda Barry. In addition to daily coverage through its website and a print edition that circulates in New York City. In the 1960s the offices were located at Sheridan Square, then, from the 70s through 1980, at 11th Street and University Place, in 1991 they moved to Cooper Square in the East Village, and in 2013, to the Financial District. John Wilcock wrote a column every week for the papers first ten years, another regular from that period was the cartoonist Kin Platt, who did weekly theatrical caricatures. Other prominent regulars have included Peter Schjeldahl, Ellen Willis, Tom Carson, Wayne Barrett, the Voice has published investigations of New York City politics, as well as reporting on national politics, with arts, culture, music, dance, film, and theater reviews. Writers for the Voice have received three Pulitzer Prizes, in 1981,1986 and 2000, almost since its inception the paper has recognized alternative theater in New York through its Obie Awards. The papers Pazz & Jop music poll, started by Robert Christgau in the early 1970s, is released annually, in 1999, film critic J. Hoberman and film section editor Dennis Lim began a similar Village Voice Film Poll for the year in film. In 2001 the paper sponsored its first music festival, Siren Festival, in 2011, the event moved to the lower tip of Manhattan and re-christened the 4knots Music Festival, a reference to the speed of the East Rivers current. Today, the Voice is known for its support for the civil rights of gays. However, early in its history, the newspaper had a reputation as having an anti-homosexuality slant, while reporting on the Stonewall riots of 1969, the newspaper referred to the riots as The Great Faggot Rebellion. Two reporters, Smith and Truscott, both used the words faggot and dyke in their articles about the riots, the newspaper changed their policy after the GLF petitioned the newspaper to do so. Over time, the Voice has changed its stance, and in 1982, as a testament to the Voices popularity in New York City, the paper is mentioned in the musical Rent during the song La Vie Boheme. The line states To riding your bike midday past the three suits, to fruits, to no absolutes, to Absolut, to choice, to The Village Voice. Seventeen alternative weeklies around the United States are owned by the Voices parent company Village Voice Media, in 2005, the Phoenix alternative weekly chain New Times Media purchased the company and took the Village Voice Media name. After The Village Voice was acquired by New Times Media in 2005, the Voice was then managed by two journalists from Phoenix, Arizona
21.
US Forces (song)
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US Forces is the third single released by Australian rock band, Midnight Oil, from their fourth studio album,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1. The music video was filmed in the Central Coast of New South Wales at the Vales Point Power Station, the song denounces American military intervention in foreign affairs. And so we became aware of the thing, and when we got back here we started to think about it. US Forces -3,50 Outside World -4,32 US Forces was later released on 20,000 Watt R. S. L. which was released in 1997. The Australian satire show, the Chasers War On Everything, made a parody of US Forces, named US Bases, US Bases is set to the tune of US Forces. It was featured in Episode 17, Season Two, the song features Andrew Hansen as Peter Garrett
22.
Power and the Passion (song)
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Power and the Passion was the second single by Midnight Oil from their 1982 album 10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1. The song is one of the bands most famous, and it was performed on every Midnight Oil tour since the issue of 10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1 as well as at the WaveAid concert. It was issued as the second single in 1983. The video for song was filmed in 1982 amongst the Woolloomooloo Mural Project in Sydney, NSW. The song includes a solo by Rob Hirst, it is the only studio recording by Midnight Oil to feature a drum solo. In May 2001 the Australasian Performing Right Association, as part of its 75th Anniversary celebrations, named Power and it was the second Midnight Oil song in the list with Beds Are Burning declared third behind the Easybeats Friday on My Mind and Daddy Cools Eagle Rock. It was performed by the band at the 2009 Sound Relief concert in Melbourne, on 5 June 2012, the song was released as downloadable content for the video game Rock Band 3. The lyrics mention former Australian prime minister Gough Whitlam and his dismissal in 1975, as well as the Pine Gap spy base, which remain controversial issues in Australia to this day. The song also reference to the McDonalds Big Mac and paraphrases Emiliano Zapata with the line Its better to die on your feet than to live on your knees. Power and the Passion -4,45 Power and the Passion -4,39 This track was placed on the bands collection 20,000 Watt R. S. L. More recently, the title of the collection Flat Chat was derived from the lyrics of this song, however, this song was not featured on that collection. The US 12-inch single release features a specially remixed version, mixed by Francois Kevorkian. The remix features echo effects added to Peter Garretts vocals and a continuation or reprise of Rob Hirsts drum solo after the ending of the song. Surprisingly, the song was not featured on the Scream in Blue live album. Live versions were not available legally until 2004, when the Best of Both Worlds CD/two-DVD set, the songs drum solo was often performed significantly faster
23.
Peter Garrett
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Peter Robert Garrett AM is an Australian musician, environmentalist, activist and former politician. Garrett is the singer of the Australian rock band Midnight Oil. He was the Australian Labor Party member of the House of Representatives for the seat of Kingsford Smith, New South Wales, after the Labor Party won in the November 2007 election, Garrett was appointed Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd. On 8 March 2010, his title was changed to Environment Protection, Heritage. He continued in this role in Julia Gillards first Ministry and he was re-elected at the 2010 election and was appointed Minister for School Education, Early Childhood and Youth by Prime Minister Julia Gillard. He later announced that he would not be contesting his seat at the federal election. Garrett became a Member of the Order of Australia in 2003 For service to the community as a prominent advocate for conservation and protection. In 2009, the French Government appointed Garrett an Officer of the Order of Arts, in 2010, the World Wide Fund for Nature presented him with their Leaders for a Living Planet award. His father died while he was still at school and his mother died in a fire at the family home, during his period at university. About the same time he became a singer with the Australian rock band Midnight Oil in 1973, after responding to an advertisement placed by one of the founding members. In tandem with their musical and commercial success, the band were long identified with environmental causes and they were particularly critical of United States military and foreign policies during the 1980s. Garrett was president of the Australian Conservation Foundation and he joined the international board of Greenpeace in 1993 for a two-year term. He served as adviser and patron to various cultural and community organisations, including Jubilee Debt Relief, on and off stage, Midnight Oil often made political statements. This referred to the Howard Governments refusal to apologise to Aboriginal Australians for the policy of removing of Aboriginal children from their families. In 2000, Garrett was awarded the Australian Humanitarian Foundation Award in the environment category and he left Midnight Oil in 2002 to concentrate on his environmental and social activism, effectively spelling the end for the group. Following the Asian Tsunami of Boxing Day 2004, Garrett and the members of Midnight Oil performed for two gigs as part of the fund-raising event WaveAid. On 7 July 2007, Garrett presented Crowded House at the Australian leg of Live Earth, on 14 March 2009, Garrett performed live at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, as part of Midnight Oil, for Sound Relief, to raise money for the Victorian bushfire appeal. In November 2012, Garrett and Paul Kelly inducted Yothu Yindi in the ARIA Hall of Fame, on 5 May 2016, Peter Garrett announced that Midnight Oil would be reforming and stated that they would be touring in 2017, including a trip to the United States
24.
Rob Hirst
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Robert George Rob Hirst is an Australian musician from Camden, New South Wales. He is a member of rock band Midnight Oil on drums, percussion. He also wrote a book, Willies Bar & Grill, recounting the experiences on the tour Midnight Oil embarked on shortly after the 11 September terrorist attacks in 2001. By 1976 the band had changed their name to Farm, and Hirst, now a student at University of Sydney, placed an advertisement in The Sydney Morning Herald for a singer to join the trio. The new line up of Peter Garrett, Hirst, Moginie, the band changed their name to Midnight Oil. With a blistering intensity to their performances, the band’s early music was a unique brand of surf punk. However, by the early 1980s the key songwriters in the band, Hirst, Moginie, in 1979 James left to be replaced by Peter Gifford. In 1987, after touring the outback and recording the band’s best-known album Diesel and Dust, Gifford suffered ill health, New bass player Bones Hillman brought a new vocal dimension to the band. In the mid-1990s, while Midnight Oil were taking a break, Hirst joined up with guitarist Andrew Dickson and Hoodoo Gurus bass guitarist Rick Grossman to form a side project, Ghostwriters. So far, the band has released four albums, Ghostwriters, Second Skin, Fibromoon, in the year 2000, Hirst joined Backsliders, an Australian Blues group formed in 1986 whose members include founding member Dom Turner and harmonica players Brod Smith, Ian Collard and Joe Glover. The line-up with Hirst has released six albums, one EP. Their only album Beat the House was released in 2008 and featured performances by Midnight Oils Martin Rotsey. Hirst and Rotsey also play on the track All Around the World on Jim Moginies 2006 solo album Alas Folkloric, Hirst and Greene have released an album, In the Stealth of Summer, and a DVD, Hirst and Greene - Live at the Basement. In 2010 Hirst, Moginie and Rotsey teamed up with Violent Femmes bass player Brian Ritchie and Hunters & Collectors trumpet player Jack Howard to form a new rock band. Their debut album, Church of the Open Sky, was released on 16 April 2010 on the independent label Bombora and their second album, Space Farm, was released on 15 March 2013, again followed by an Australian tour. In 2015, Hirst collaborated on music with his eldest daughter Jay OShea of the band OShea, Jay had been adopted at a young age and it was through her birth mother and Robs band-mate from Midnight Oil Bones Hillman that the two eventually connected. The song The Truth Walks Slowly is the second time Rob has collaborated with his children after previously having his two daughters complete backing vocals on his solo album. He has two daughters with his wife, Leslie Holland and he also has another daughter, Jay OShea, who was born to a former girlfriend and was later adopted
25.
Jim Moginie
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James Jim Moginie is an Australian musician. He is best known for his work with Midnight Oil, of which he was a member, guitarist, keyboardist. Moginie has two children, Samuel Moginie and Alice Moginie, Moginie has also played live with his band The Family Dog comprising different members at times, including Trent Williamson, Kent Steedman, Paul Loughhead and Tim Kevin. He has also released three solo works, alas Folkloric is Moginies first full-length solo album and first release after Midnight Oil disbanded. The album features contributions from Martin Rotsey and Rob Hirst, as well as Paul Dempsey in Something for Kate on the track Halfway Home, no Vans Mary by Shameless Seamus was released in 2010. His interested in the music of Ireland has deepened and his 7 piece band Shameless Seamus. Both are available through the Reverberama label, Moginie also sings and plays bouzouki and guitar with a smaller group, The Tinkers, with core members Alan Healy and Evelyn Finnerty. With Brian Ritchie Moginie in 2013 and 2014 has been performing live with the ACO Underground performing in Sydney, Banff, Midnight Oil – official website Reverberama – Jim Moginies website - official Facebook page - Jim Moginie Twitter feed
26.
Gary Barnacle
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Gary Barnacle is an English saxophonist, flautist, brass instrument arranger, composer and producer, primarily noted for session work, live work incl. C. He was also in a duo called Leisure Process from 1982–83, with ex-Positive Noise singer. Gary Barnacle was born in Dover, England in 1959 and he started playing in bands in and around the Dover area, with his father Bill Barnacle, his brothers Steve Barnacle and Pete Barnacle and their friend Topper Headon. Then he moved, with his two brothers, to London in 1976 and began a career as a session musician, Barnacle performed the saxophone part in many songs and albums by The Clash. Both songs can also be heard on the 1993 compilation album and he also played on their later albums Sandinista. Released on 12 December 1980 as an album, the single This Is Radio Clash released on 20 November 1981. He was introduced to The Clash through their drummer, and school friend of Barnacles, Topper Headon, Barnacle formed a horn section in 1978 with trumpeter Luke Tunney, called the Hit And Run Horns. In 1979 they added Annie Whitehead on trombone and these three played on many sessions together for the next 3 years or so. Barnacle collaborated with The Ruts on their first two albums, both on Virgin label, The Crack, released in September 1979, and Grin & Bear It, released in October 1980. After the death of their frontman, Malcolm Owen, found dead from an overdose on 14 July 1980 at the age of 26. Barnacle became a member of the band and they released two other albums, Animal Now in May 1981 on Virgin, and Rhythm Collision released in July 1982 on Bohemian Records. During 1979–1980 he also contributed to Ms debut album, New York • London • Paris • Munich, released in 1979 and that year he also played saxophone on the Black Snake Diamond Röle debut solo album by former Soft Boys frontman Robyn Hitchcock. From 1990 to 1994 Barnacle toured with Level 42 and recorded two of the albums, Guaranteed and Forever Now. The horn section he formed with British trumpet and fluegelhorn player, John Thirkell and they also recorded a widely acclaimed brass-sample CD Phantom Horns, which was re-issued by Zero-G as a double CD-rom in 2011. Equally impressive, and more comprehensive, was Brit Horns brass-sample CD featuring Gary Barnacle, Peter Thoms and Stuart Brooks, both of these sample CDs have, and continue to be, widely used on commercial recordings worldwide. In 1982, he and ex-Positive Noise singer, Ross Middleton, formed an electropop duo called Leisure Process. The Band released four singles on Epic label, two in 1982, Love Cascade and A Way Youll Never Be, which featured Mark King and Phil Gould of Level 42, all four singles were produced by Martin Rushent. A decision to make Visage a live band instead of a strictly studio-based project failed, in 1983, he contributed to Catch as Catch Can by pop singer, Kim Wilde, and also to In Strict Tempo by Dave Ball, Private Dancer by Tina Turner
27.
Australian Recording Industry Association
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It oversees the collection, administration and distribution of music licenses and royalties. The association has more than 100 members, including small labels typically run by one to five people, medium size organisations, ARIA is administered by a Board of Directors comprising senior executives from record companies, both large and small. As of October 2010, the directors were Denis Handlin, George Ash, Mark Poston, Sebastian Chase, David Vodica, in 1956, the Association of Australian Record Manufacturers was formed by Australias major record companies. It later included smaller record companies representing independent acts/labels and has over 100 members, by 1997, the six major labels provided 90% of all recordings made in Australia. ARIA is administered by a Board of Directors comprising senior executives from record companies, as of October 2010, the directors were Denis Handlin, George Ash, Mark Poston, Sebastian Chase, David Vodica and Tony Harlow. Australian TV pop music show Countdown presented its own awards ceremony, Countdown Music and Video Awards. ARIA provided peer voting for awards, while Countdown provided coupons in the related Countdown Magazine for viewers to vote for populist awards. At the 1985 Countdown awards ceremony, held on 14 April 1986, fans of INXS and Uncanny X-Men scuffled during the broadcast and as a result ARIA decided to hold their own awards. Since 2 March 1987, ARIA administered its own entirely peer-voted ARIA Music Awards, to recognise excellence, initially included in the same awards ceremonies, it established the ARIA Hall of Fame in 1988 and has held separate annual ceremonies since 2005. The ARIA Hall of Fame honours Australian musicians achievements have had a significant impact in Australia or around the world, in February 2004, the Australian Record Industry Association announced its own legal action against Kazaa, alleging massive copyright breaches. The trial began on 29 November 2004, on 6 February 2005, the homes of two Sharman Networks executives and the offices of Sharman Networks in Australia were raided under a court order by ARIA to gather evidence for the trial. In 2006, ARIA formed sponsorship deals with Motorola and Nova and changed the appearance, Motorola took naming-rights sponsorship seeing the charts referred to in the media as the Motorola ARIA Charts. ARIA, have commented that as part of the same marketing printed charts would be reintroduced into media retailing shops, as part of the deal Nova began broadcasting the charted singles in reverse order on a Sunday afternoon show before it was released on the ARIA charts website. The ARIA Charts is the main Australian music sales charts, issued weekly by the Australian Recording Industry Association, the charts are a record of the highest selling singles and albums in various genres. All charts are compiled from data of both physical and digital sales from retailers in Australia, the ARIA No.1 Chart Awards were established in 2002 to recognise Australian recording artists, who reached number one on the ARIA albums, singles and music DVDs charts. The ARIA Music Awards is a series of awards nights celebrating the Australian music industry. This criticism is stauncher in Australia due to the absence of an equivalent Digital Millennium Copyright Act or state crimes acts which clearly establish copyright infringement as a crime, in February 2004, the Australian Record Industry Association took legal action against Kazaa, alleging massive copyright breaches. The trial began on 29 November 2004, on 6 February 2005, the homes of two Sharman Networks executives and the offices of Sharman Networks in Australia were raided under a court order by ARIA to gather evidence for the trial
28.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
29.
St Ives, New South Wales
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St Ives Chase is a separate suburb, to the north. The St Ives area was first explored by Governor Arthur Phillip, the area produced a small scale timber felling industry. There are still examples of the thirty metre and higher trees in nearby Pymble in the Dalrymple Hay forest. Native turpentine trees were once abundant and provided useful timber for cabinet making. It was once known for its apple orchards but due to residential demand, during World War II there were significant numbers of troops barracked in the area, which provided the impetus to build Archbold Road as a supplementary and emergency route to the city. St Ives Post Office opened on 10 November 1885 and the first public school opened on 6 May 1889, the school was formally opened by Mr. J. P. Burns, M. L. A. on Saturday 8 June. After inspecting the neat and well-designed school and teachers residence the party had a luncheon to mark the occasion, St Ives was initially slow to develop due to the perceived remoteness from the city. Settlement increased in the late 1890s, when St Ives was populated by market gardeners, the suburb since the end of WW2 has seen its most rapid period of expansion and a steady growth in families moving to the area. St Ives Shopping Village is a shopping centre opened in the 1960s. The centre has over 110 stores, its tenants are Harris Farm Markets, Romeos Supa IGA. Village Green is a park in St Ives. Village Green is directly opposite of St Ives Shopping Village. The park is bordered on three streets, Memorial Avenue, Village Green Parade and Cowan Road, the park includes sporting fields, baseball fields, tennis courts and a skate park. St Ives Wahroonga Cricket Club, who play at Hassell Park, Pymble Golf Club, Cowan Road, St Ives. St Ives Soccer Club, who play at Warrimoo Oval, St Ives Chase, St Ives Saints Australian Football Club, who play at Acron Oval. Northside Monash Soccer Club, who play at Mimosa Oval, north St Ives Scouts whose hall lies adjacent to Warrimoo Oval, St Ives Chase. St Ives Radio Control Car Club, racing at St Ives Showgrounds, dalrymple-Hay Nature Reserve is situated on the east side of Mona Vale Road and covers 10.7 hectares. It consists of an open forest and is used as a recreation area by locals, in spite of having problems with weeds. It is listed on the Register of the National Estate, St Ives Softball Club, who play at St Ives Village Green
30.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
31.
ARIA Charts
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The ARIA Charts are the main Australian music sales charts, issued weekly by the Australian Recording Industry Association. The charts are a record of the highest selling singles and albums in various genres in Australia, ARIA became the official Australian music chart in June 1988, succeeding the Kent Music Report which had been Australias national charts since 1974. The Go-Set charts were Australias first national singles and albums charts published from 5 October 1966 until 24 August 1974, succeeding Go-Set, the Kent Music Report began issuing the national top 100 charts in Australia from May 1974. The compiler, David Kent, also published Australias national charts from 1940–1974 in a retrospective fashion using state based data, in mid 1983, the Australian Recording Industry Association commenced licensing the Kent Music Report chart. The first printed national top 50 chart available in record stores, ARIA began compiling its own charts in-house from the chart dated week ending 26 June 1988. Various artists compilation albums were included in the albums chart, as they had been on the Kent Report chart, until 2 July 1989. The ARIA Report, detailing the top 100 singles and albums charts, was first available via subscription in January 1990, the printed top 50 chart ceased publication in June 1998, but resumed publication later in the year. The printed top 50 chart again ceased publication at the end of 2000, the ARIA charts are based on data collected from physical and digital retailers in Australia. Data of physical sales come from such as Sanity and JB Hi-Fi, while data of digital sales come from online retailers such as iTunes, Bandit FM, GetMusic. Since 17 February 1997, all physical sales data contributing towards the chart has been recorded electronically at point of sale. In March 1991, Do the Bartman by The Simpsons was the first single to reach #1 in Australia that was not available on 7 inch vinyl, but cassingle only. Starting from 8 October 2006, due to low physical single sales at the time, in 2006, it was announced that the Brazin retailing group, comprising major retailers HMV, Sanity and Virgin music/DVD stores would no longer contribute sales data to the ARIA charts. However, after an absence, Brazin reportedly re-commenced contributing sales figures to the ARIA Charts on 26 November 2006. The ARIA website publishes the top 50 singles and albums charts, top 40 digital tracks chart, the ARIA Report lists all charts in full and is available via paid e-mail subscription each week. These reports are uploaded to the Pandora Archive periodically, on 5 February 2006, the ARIA Chart Show was a radio program launched on the Nova network and broadcast throughout Australia, playing the official ARIA top 50 singles. The live music program was hosted by Jabba each Sunday afternoon at 3, the show was aired before the top 50 chart, dated for the following Monday, is published on the ARIA website at 6,00 pm. The charts were published online at 6,00 pm each Sunday. The diamond certification was created for albums in November 2015 to mark 500,000 sales/shipments, for music DVDs, a gold accreditation originally represented 7,500 copies shipped, with a platinum accreditation representing 15,000 units shipped. co. uk
32.
Prahran, Victoria
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Prahran is an inner suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,5 km south-east of Melbournes Central Business District. Its local government area is the City of Stonnington, at the 2011 Census, Prahran had a population of 11,191. Prahran is a part of Greater Melbourne, with shops, restaurants. The area of Prahran, centred along Commercial Road was one of Melbournes gay villages, the shopping street Chapel Street is a mix of upscale fashion boutiques and cafes. Greville Street, once the centre of the Melbournes hippie community, has many cafés, bars, restaurants, bookstores, clothing shops, Prahran takes its name from Pur-ra-ran, a compound of two Aboriginal words, meaning land partially surrounded by water, in 1837 by George Langhorne. The proximity of the Yarra River and a swamp to the southwest explains that description, in 1837 George Langhorne named the area Pur-ra-ran, a compound of two Aboriginal words, meaning land partially surrounded by water. When he informed the Surveyor-General Robert Hoddle of the name, it was written as Prahran, Prahran Post Office opened on 1 April 1853. Large emporiums sprang up along Chapel Street, Prahran also became a major entertainment area. The Lyric theatre, built on the corner of Victoria Street in 1911, the Royal was the second old theatre built. The Empress, another theatre on Chapel Street, was destroyed by fire in 1971. The site was operated by the clothes and homewares chain Waltons for the next decade and was later developed into the Chapel Street Bazaar. Further complementing the high rise developments was a low density development between Bangs and Bendigo Streets, in the 1970s, the suburb began to gentrify, with much of the remaining old housing stock being renovated and restored. The area had a substantial Greek population and many took advantage of the rise in property values during the 1980s, paving the way for further development and it was during the 1990s that solidification of the areas homosexual community occurred. Many gay and gay-friendly businesses, including bars, clubs and bookstores were found along Commercial Road, in Prahran,61. 2% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England 4. 2%, Greece 3. 5%, New Zealand 3. 4%, China 1. 6%, Prahran is home to a large collection of architecturally significant commercial buildings, with many on the Victorian Heritage Register. Retains the original arcade, but decorative roof was removed in the 1950s, also known locally as Birdland due to pigeons which once bred in the recessed balconies of the building and the large eagles which adorn the facade, but are now screened by chicken wire. Was a Dan Murphys cellar for many years, but currently a JB HiFi store, reads Emporium - Built in 1914 on the corner of Chapel Street and Commercial Road. Its twin beacons, which sit atop large copper domes, were once visible like lighthouses for miles around
33.
Simon & Schuster
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Simon & Schuster, Inc. a subsidiary of CBS Corporation, is an American publishing company founded in New York City in 1924 by Richard Simon and Max Schuster. As of 2016, Simon & Schuster publishes 2,000 titles annually under 35 different imprints, in 1924, Richard Simons aunt, a crossword puzzle enthusiast, asked whether there was a book of New York World crossword puzzles, which were very popular at the time. After discovering that none had been published, Simon and Max Schuster decided to launch a company to exploit the opportunity, at the time, Simon was a piano salesman and Schuster was editor of an automotive trade magazine. They pooled US$8,000 to start a company to publish crossword puzzles, fad publishing became the business model for the new publishing house, which set out to exploit current fads and trends and publish books with commercial appeal. Instead of signing authors with a manuscript, they came up with their own ideas. In the 1930, the moved to what was known as Publishers Row on Park Avenue in Manhattan. In 1939, with Robert Fair de Graff, Simon & Schuster founded Pocket Books, in 1942, Simon & Schuster, or Essandess as it is called in the initial announcement, launched the Little Golden Books series in cooperation with the Artists and Writers Guild. Simon & Schusters partner in the venture was the Western Printing and Lithographing Company, Western Printing bought out Simon & Schusters interest in 1958. In 1944, Marshall Field III, owner of the Chicago Sun, purchased Simon & Schuster, following Fields death in 1957, his heirs sold the company back to Richard Simon and Max Schuster, while Leon Shimkin and James Jacobson acquired Pocket Books. In the 1950s and 1960s, many publishers including Simon & Schuster turned toward educational publishing due to the boom market. Pocket Books focused on paperbacks for the market instead of textbooks. By 1964 it had published over 200 titles and was expected to put out another 400 by the end of that year, Books published under the imprint included classic reprints such as Lorna Doone, Ivanhoe, Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn, and Robinson Crusoe. In 1966, Max Schuster retired and sold his half of Simon & Schuster to Leon Shimkin, Shimkin then merged Simon & Schuster with Pocket Books under the name of Simon & Schuster. Among his many bestsellers was Joseph Hellers Catch-22, in 1976, Gulf+Western headed by Charles Bluhdorn acquired S&S, which was grossing about US$50 million a year for $11 million, most of it in Gulf+Western stock. After the death of Bluhdorn in 1983, Simon & Schuster made the decision to diversify, bluhdorns successor Martin Davis told The New York Times, Society was undergoing dramatic changes, so that there was a greater need for textbooks, maps and educational information. We saw the opportunity to diversify into areas, which are more stable. In 1984, CEO Richard E. Snyder acquired Esquire Corporation, buying everything, Prentice Hall was brought into the company fold in 1985 for over $700 million and Martin Davis said that Prentice Hall became the road map for remodeling the company and a catalyst for change. This acquisition was followed by Silver Burdett in 1986, mapmaker Gousha in 1987, part of the acquisition included educational publisher Allyn & Bacon which according to Michael Korda became the nucleus of S&Ss educational and informational business
34.
Robert Christgau
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Robert Thomas Christgau is an American essayist, music journalist, and self-proclaimed Dean of American Rock Critics. One of the earliest professional rock critics, he spent 37 years as the music critic and senior editor for The Village Voice. He has also covered popular music for Esquire, Creem, Newsday, Playboy, Rolling Stone, Billboard, NPR, Blender, and MSN Music, and is a visiting arts teacher at New York University. Christgau is known for his terse capsule reviews, first published in his Consumer Guide columns during his tenure at The Village Voice from 1969 to 2006 and he has written three books based on those columns, along with two collections of essays. He continued writing capsule reviews in MSN Music, Cuepoint, Christgau was born in Greenwich Village and grew up in Queens, the son of a fireman. He has said he became a rock and roll fan when disc jockey Alan Freed moved to the city in 1954. After attending a school in New York City, he left New York for four years to attend Dartmouth College. While at college his musical interests turned to jazz, but he returned to rock after moving back to New York. Christgau has said that Miles Davis 1960 album Sketches of Spain initiated in him one phase of the disillusionment with jazz that resulted in my return to rock and he was deeply influenced by New Journalism writers such as Gay Talese and Tom Wolfe. My ambitions when I went into journalism were always, to an extent, literary, Christgau initially wrote short stories, before giving up fiction in 1964 to become a sportswriter, and later, a police reporter for the Newark Star-Ledger. He became a writer after a story he wrote about the death of a woman in New Jersey was published by New York magazine. He was asked to take over the dormant music column at Esquire, after Esquire discontinued the column, Christgau moved to The Village Voice in 1969, and he also worked as a college professor. In early 1972, he accepted a job as music critic for Newsday. Christgau returned to the Village Voice in 1974 as music editor and he remained there until August 2006, when he was fired shortly after the papers acquisition by New Times Media. Two months later, Christgau became an editor at Rolling Stone. Late in 2007, Christgau was fired by Rolling Stone, although he continued to work for the magazine for three months. Starting with the March 2008 issue, he joined Blender, where he was listed as senior critic for three issues and then contributing editor, Christgau had been a regular contributor to Blender before he joined Rolling Stone. He continued to write for Blender until the magazine ceased publication in March 2009, in 1987, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in the field of Folklore and Popular Culture to study the history of popular music
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