1.
Music of Australia
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The music of Australia has an extensive history made of music societies. Indigenous Australian music is a part of the heritage of a 40. Contemporary fusions of Indigenous and Western styles mark distinctly Australian contributions to world music, tastes have diversified along with post-World War II multicultural immigration to Australia. Indigenous Australian music refers to the music of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders, Music forms an integral part of the social, cultural and ceremonial observances of these peoples, and has been so for over 60,000 years. Traditional Indigenous music is best characterised by the didgeridoo, the best-known instrument, archaeological studies of rock art in the Northern Territory suggest people of the Kakadu region were playing the instrument 15,000 years ago. Contemporary Indigenous Australian music has covered numerous styles, including rock and roll, country, hip hop, Jimmy Little is regarded as the first Aboriginal performer to achieve mainstream success, with his debut 1964 song The Royal Telephone highly popular and successful. In 2005, Little was presented with a doctorate in music by the University of Sydney. It would be Yothu Yindi that would bring Indigenous music to the mainstream, with their 1991 song Treaty, from the album Tribal Voice, would go on to reach No.11 on the ARIA Singles Chart. The bands performances were based on the traditional Yolngu dance, the success of Yothu Yindi—winners of eight ARIA Awards—was followed in by Kev Carmody, Tiddas, Christine Anu, and numerous other Indigenous Australian musicians. For much of its history, Australias bush music belonged to an oral and folkloric tradition, early Australian ballads sing of the harsh ways of life of the epoch and of such people and events as bushrangers, swagmen, drovers, stockmen and shearers. Convict and bushranger verses often railed against government tyranny, Classic bush songs on such themes include, The Wild Colonial Boy, Click Go The Shears, The Eumeralla Shore, The Drovers Dream, The Queensland Drover, The Dying Stockman and Moreton Bay. Later themes which endure to the present include the experiences of war, of droughts and flooding rains, of Aboriginality and of the railways, isolation and loneliness of life in the Australian bush has been another theme. Waltzing Matilda, often regarded as Australias unofficial National anthem, is a quintessential Australian folk song, Celtic, English, German and Scandinavian folk traditions predominated in this first wave of European immigrant music. The Australian tradition is, in sense, related to the traditions of other countries with similar ethnic, historical and political origins, such as New Zealand, Canada. The Australian indigenous tradition brought to this mix novel elements, including new instruments, some of which are now internationally familiar, such as the didgeridoo of Northern Australia. A number of British singers have spent periods in Australia and have included Australian material in their repertoires, e. g. A. L. Lloyd, Martin Wyndham-Read and Eric Bogle. Kellys lyrics capture the vastness of the culture and landscape of Australia by chronicling life about him for over 30 years, david Fricke from Rolling Stone calls Kelly one of the finest songwriters I have ever heard, Australian or otherwise. In the 1970s, Australian Folk Rock brought both familiar and less familiar traditional songs, as well as new compositions, to live venues, notable artists include The Bushwacker Band and Redgum
2.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
3.
Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
4.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
5.
OCLC
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The Online Computer Library Center is a US-based nonprofit cooperative organization dedicated to the public purposes of furthering access to the worlds information and reducing information costs. It was founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center, OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat, the largest online public access catalog in the world. OCLC is funded mainly by the fees that libraries have to pay for its services, the group first met on July 5,1967 on the campus of the Ohio State University to sign the articles of incorporation for the nonprofit organization. The group hired Frederick G. Kilgour, a former Yale University medical school librarian, Kilgour wished to merge the latest information storage and retrieval system of the time, the computer, with the oldest, the library. The goal of network and database was to bring libraries together to cooperatively keep track of the worlds information in order to best serve researchers and scholars. The first library to do online cataloging through OCLC was the Alden Library at Ohio University on August 26,1971 and this was the first occurrence of online cataloging by any library worldwide. Membership in OCLC is based on use of services and contribution of data, between 1967 and 1977, OCLC membership was limited to institutions in Ohio, but in 1978, a new governance structure was established that allowed institutions from other states to join. In 2002, the structure was again modified to accommodate participation from outside the United States. As OCLC expanded services in the United States outside of Ohio, it relied on establishing strategic partnerships with networks, organizations that provided training, support, by 2008, there were 15 independent United States regional service providers. OCLC networks played a key role in OCLC governance, with networks electing delegates to serve on OCLC Members Council, in early 2009, OCLC negotiated new contracts with the former networks and opened a centralized support center. OCLC provides bibliographic, abstract and full-text information to anyone, OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat—the OCLC Online Union Catalog, the largest online public access catalog in the world. WorldCat has holding records from public and private libraries worldwide. org, in October 2005, the OCLC technical staff began a wiki project, WikiD, allowing readers to add commentary and structured-field information associated with any WorldCat record. The Online Computer Library Center acquired the trademark and copyrights associated with the Dewey Decimal Classification System when it bought Forest Press in 1988, a browser for books with their Dewey Decimal Classifications was available until July 2013, it was replaced by the Classify Service. S. The reference management service QuestionPoint provides libraries with tools to communicate with users and this around-the-clock reference service is provided by a cooperative of participating global libraries. OCLC has produced cards for members since 1971 with its shared online catalog. OCLC commercially sells software, e. g. CONTENTdm for managing digital collections, OCLC has been conducting research for the library community for more than 30 years. In accordance with its mission, OCLC makes its research outcomes known through various publications and these publications, including journal articles, reports, newsletters, and presentations, are available through the organizations website. The most recent publications are displayed first, and all archived resources, membership Reports – A number of significant reports on topics ranging from virtual reference in libraries to perceptions about library funding
6.
Music journalism
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Music journalism is media criticism and reporting about popular music topics, including pop music, rock music, and related styles. Journalists began writing music in the eighteenth century, providing commentary on what is now thought of as classical music. An influential English 19th-century music critic, for example, was James William Davison of The Times, the composer Hector Berlioz also wrote reviews and criticisms for the Paris press of the 1830s and 1840s. The 1840s could be considered a point, in that music critics after the 1840s generally were not also practicing musicians. However, counterexamples include Alfred Brendel, Charles Rosen, Paul Hindemith, in the early 1980s, a decline in the quantity of classical criticism began occurring when classical-music criticism visibly started to disappear from the media. Also of concern in classical music journalism was how American reviewers can write about ethnic and folk music from other than their own, such as Indian ragas. The performers be treated as human beings and their music be treated as human activity rather than a mystical or mysterious phenomenon, the review should show an understanding of the musics cultural backgrounds and intentions. A key finding in a 2005 study of journalism in America was that the profile of the average classical music critic is a white, 52-year old male. Demographics indicated that the group was 74% male, 92% white, davis, one of the most respected voices of the craft, said he had been forced out after 26 years. Music writers only started treating pop and rock music seriously in 1964 after the breakthrough of the Beatles, one of the early music magazines in Britain, Melody Maker, complained in 1967 about how newspapers and magazines are continually hammering pop music. Melody Maker magazine advocated the new forms of pop music of the late 1960s, by 1999, the quality press was regularly carrying reviews of popular music gigs and albums, which had a key role in keeping pop in the public eye. As more pop music critics began writing, this had the effect of legitimating pop as an art form, as a result, in the world of pop music criticism, there has tended to be a quick turnover. In the realm of music, as in that of classical music. Frank Zappa declared that, Most rock journalism is people who cant write, interviewing people who cant talk, in the 2000s, online music bloggers began to supplement, and to some degree displace, music journalists in print media. In 2006, Martin Edlund of the New York Sun criticized the trend, arguing that while the Internet has democratized music criticism, slate magazine writer Jody Rosen discussed the 2000s-era trends in pop music criticism in his article The Perils of Poptimism. Rosen noted that much of the debate is centered on a perception that rock critics regard rock as normative … the standard state of popular music … to which everything else is compared. At a 2006 pop critic conference, attendees discussed their guilty pop pleasures, reconsidering musicians and genres which rock critics have dismissed as lightweight. Rosen stated that this new paradigm is called popism — or, more evocatively
7.
Prahran, Victoria
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Prahran is an inner suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,5 km south-east of Melbournes Central Business District. Its local government area is the City of Stonnington, at the 2011 Census, Prahran had a population of 11,191. Prahran is a part of Greater Melbourne, with shops, restaurants. The area of Prahran, centred along Commercial Road was one of Melbournes gay villages, the shopping street Chapel Street is a mix of upscale fashion boutiques and cafes. Greville Street, once the centre of the Melbournes hippie community, has many cafés, bars, restaurants, bookstores, clothing shops, Prahran takes its name from Pur-ra-ran, a compound of two Aboriginal words, meaning land partially surrounded by water, in 1837 by George Langhorne. The proximity of the Yarra River and a swamp to the southwest explains that description, in 1837 George Langhorne named the area Pur-ra-ran, a compound of two Aboriginal words, meaning land partially surrounded by water. When he informed the Surveyor-General Robert Hoddle of the name, it was written as Prahran, Prahran Post Office opened on 1 April 1853. Large emporiums sprang up along Chapel Street, Prahran also became a major entertainment area. The Lyric theatre, built on the corner of Victoria Street in 1911, the Royal was the second old theatre built. The Empress, another theatre on Chapel Street, was destroyed by fire in 1971. The site was operated by the clothes and homewares chain Waltons for the next decade and was later developed into the Chapel Street Bazaar. Further complementing the high rise developments was a low density development between Bangs and Bendigo Streets, in the 1970s, the suburb began to gentrify, with much of the remaining old housing stock being renovated and restored. The area had a substantial Greek population and many took advantage of the rise in property values during the 1980s, paving the way for further development and it was during the 1990s that solidification of the areas homosexual community occurred. Many gay and gay-friendly businesses, including bars, clubs and bookstores were found along Commercial Road, in Prahran,61. 2% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England 4. 2%, Greece 3. 5%, New Zealand 3. 4%, China 1. 6%, Prahran is home to a large collection of architecturally significant commercial buildings, with many on the Victorian Heritage Register. Retains the original arcade, but decorative roof was removed in the 1950s, also known locally as Birdland due to pigeons which once bred in the recessed balconies of the building and the large eagles which adorn the facade, but are now screened by chicken wire. Was a Dan Murphys cellar for many years, but currently a JB HiFi store, reads Emporium - Built in 1914 on the corner of Chapel Street and Commercial Road. Its twin beacons, which sit atop large copper domes, were once visible like lighthouses for miles around
8.
Sony Music
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Sony Music Entertainment is an American music company owned by Sony. It is incorporated as a partnership of Sony Music Holdings Inc. through Sony Entertainment. The company was first founded in 1929 as American Record Corporation and renamed Columbia Recording Corporation in 1938, in 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. Sony Corporation bought the company in 1987 and renamed it Sony Music Entertainment in 1991, the buyout led to the dissolution of BMG, which relaunched as BMG Rights Management. Sony Music Entertainment is one of the Big Three record companies, being the second largest after Universal Music Group, in 1929, ARC was founded through a merger of several record companies. In 1934, in the midst of Great Depression, the Columbia Phonograph Company, ARC was acquired in 1938 by the Columbia Broadcasting System, which, in turn, had been formed by the Columbia Phonograph Company, but then sold off. ARC was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein convinced CBS head William S. Paley to buy ARC and Paley made Wallerstein head of the newly acquired record company. The renamed company made Columbia its flagship label and Okeh its subsidiary label and this allowed ARCs leased labels Brunswick Records and Vocalion Records to revert to their former owner Warner Bros. which sold them to Decca Records. Columbia kept the Brunswick catalogue recorded from December 1931 onward on the Columbia label and he was succeeded by James Conkling as head of Columbia Records. In 1951, Columbia severed its ties with the EMI-owned record label of the same name, Okeh Records continued to be distributed by EMI on the Columbia label. Columbia founded Epic Records in 1953 and in 1956, Conkling left Columbia and he would help establish the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences before eventually becoming the first president of the newly launched Warner Bros. His successor, Goddard Lieberson began the first of two stints as head of the record company, and in 1958, Columbia founded another label, Date Records, which initially issued rockabilly music. In 1960, Columbia/CBS began negotiations with its international distributor Philips Records with the goal of starting its own global record company. Philips acquisition of US-based Mercury Records in 1961 paved the way for this, elsewhere, CBSs Mexican record company, Discos Columbia, was renamed Discos CBS by 1963. In 1964, Columbia set out acquiring record companies in countries for its CBS Records International Unit. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution. In late 1965, the Date subsidiary label was revived and this label released the first string of hits for Peaches & Herb and scored a few minor hits from various other artists. Dates biggest success was Time of the Season by the Zombies, the label was discontinued in 1970
9.
Compact disc
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Compact disc is a digital optical disc data storage format released in 1982 and co-developed by Philips and Sony. The format was developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data. The first commercially available Audio CD player, the Sony CDP-101, was released October 1982 in Japan, standard CDs have a diameter of 120 millimetres and can hold up to about 80 minutes of uncompressed audio or about 700 MiB of data. The Mini CD has various diameters ranging from 60 to 80 millimetres, they are used for CD singles, storing up to 24 minutes of audio. At the time of the introduction in 1982, a CD could store much more data than a personal computer hard drive. By 2010, hard drives commonly offered as much space as a thousand CDs. In 2004, worldwide sales of audio CDs, CD-ROMs and CD-Rs reached about 30 billion discs, by 2007,200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide. In 2014, revenues from digital music services matched those from physical format sales for the first time. American inventor James T. Russell has been credited with inventing the first system to record information on an optical transparent foil that is lit from behind by a high-power halogen lamp. Russells patent application was first filed in 1966, and he was granted a patent in 1970, following litigation, Sony and Philips licensed Russells patents in the 1980s. The compact disc is an evolution of LaserDisc technology, where a laser beam is used that enables the high information density required for high-quality digital audio signals. Prototypes were developed by Philips and Sony independently in the late 1970s, although originally dismissed by Philips Research management as a trivial pursuit, the CD became the primary focus for Philips as the LaserDisc format struggled. In 1979, Sony and Philips set up a joint task force of engineers to design a new audio disc. After a year of experimentation and discussion, the Red Book CD-DA standard was published in 1980, after their commercial release in 1982, compact discs and their players were extremely popular. Despite costing up to $1,000, over 400,000 CD players were sold in the United States between 1983 and 1984, by 1988 CD sales in the United States surpassed those of vinyl LPs, and by 1992 CD sales surpassed those of prerecorded music cassette tapes. The success of the disc has been credited to the cooperation between Philips and Sony, who came together to agree upon and develop compatible hardware. The unified design of the disc allowed consumers to purchase any disc or player from any company. In 1974, L. However, due to the performance of the analog format
10.
Rock and roll
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While elements of rock and roll can be heard in blues records from the 1920s and in country records of the 1930s, the genre did not acquire its name until the 1950s. For the purpose of differentiation, this deals with the first definition. The beat is essentially a blues rhythm with an accentuated backbeat, classic rock and roll is usually played with one or two electric guitars, a double bass or string bass or an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. Beyond simply a style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and on television, influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes. In addition, rock and roll may have contributed to the civil rights movement because both African-American and white American teens enjoyed the music and it went on to spawn various genres, often without the initially characteristic backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply rock music or rock. The term rock and roll now has at least two different meanings, both in common usage, the American Heritage Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary both define rock and roll as synonymous with rock music. Encyclopædia Britannica, on the hand, regards it as the music that originated in the mid-1950s. In 1934, the song Rock and Roll by the Boswell Sisters appeared in the film Transatlantic Merry-Go-Round, in 1942, Billboard magazine columnist Maurie Orodenker started to use the term rock-and-roll to describe upbeat recordings such as Rock Me by Sister Rosetta Tharpe. By 1943, the Rock and Roll Inn in South Merchantville, in 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing this music style while popularizing the phrase to describe it. The origins of rock and roll have been debated by commentators. The migration of former slaves and their descendants to major urban centers such as St. The immediate roots of rock and roll lay in the rhythm and blues, then called race music, particularly significant influences were jazz, blues, gospel, country, and folk. The 1940s saw the use of blaring horns, shouted lyrics. In the same period, particularly on the West Coast and in the Midwest, similarly, country boogie and Chicago electric blues supplied many of the elements that would be seen as characteristic of rock and roll. Rock and roll arrived at a time of technological change, soon after the development of the electric guitar, amplifier and microphone. It was the realization that relatively affluent white teenagers were listening to music that led to the development of what was to be defined as rock. Because the development of rock and roll was a process, no single record can be identified as unambiguously the first rock. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
11.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
12.
MTV
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MTV is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks and headquartered in New York City. Launched on August 1,1981, the originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as video jockeys. In its early years, MTVs main target demographic was young adults and it has received criticism towards this change of focus, both by certain segments of its audience and musicians. MTVs influence on its audience, including issues involving censorship and social activism, has also been a subject of debate for several years, in recent years, MTV had struggled with the secular decline of music-related cable media. In April 2016, MTV announced it would start to return to its original music roots with the reintroduction of the classic MTV series MTV Unplugged. It was also reported that the series MTV Cribs would be making a return on Snapchat, MTV has spawned numerous sister channels in the US and affiliated channels internationally, some of which have gone independent. As of July 2015, approximately 92,188,000 US households have received MTV, several earlier concepts for music video-based television programming had been around since the early 1960s. The Beatles had used music videos to promote their records starting in the mid-1960s, CBS rejected the idea, but Williams premiered his own musical composition Classical Gas on the Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, where he was head writer. The series featured clips from various popular artists, but was canceled by its distributor in 1971. The channel, which featured video disc jockeys, signed a deal with US Cable in 1978 to expand its audience from retail to cable television, the service was no longer active by the time MTV launched in 1981. The QUBE system offered many specialized channels, One of these specialized channels was Sight on Sound, a music channel that featured concert footage and music-oriented television programs. With the interactive QUBE service, viewers could vote for their favorite songs, the original programming format of MTV was created by media executive Robert W. Pittman, who later became president and chief executive officer of MTV Networks. Pittman had test-driven the music format by producing and hosting a 15-minute show, Album Tracks, the inspiration for PopClips came from a similar program on New Zealands TVNZ network named Radio with Pictures, which premiered in 1976. The concept itself had been in the works since 1966, when record companies began supplying the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation with promotional music clips to play on the air at no charge. Few artists made the trip to New Zealand to appear live. A shortened version of the shuttle launch ID ran at the top of hour in various forms. The first music video shown on MTV was The Buggles Video Killed the Radio Star and this was followed by the video for Pat Benatars You Better Run. Sporadically, the screen would go black when an employee at MTV inserted a tape into a VCR, MTVs lower third graphics that appeared near the beginning and end of music videos would eventually use the recognizable Kabel typeface for about 25 years
13.
Rolling Stone Australia
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Rolling Stone Australia is the Australian edition of the United States Rolling Stone magazine devoted to music, politics, and popular culture, published monthly. The Australian version of Rolling Stone was initially published in 1970 as a supplement in Revolution magazine published by Monash University student Phillip Frazer and it was launched as a fully fledged magazine in 1972 by Frazer and is the longest surviving international edition of Rolling Stone. Go-Set introduced a supplement called Core on 13 December 1969. From its fourth issue onward Revolution included a supplement of Rolling Stone pages under an agreement Frazer made with its Californian owner and publisher Jann Wenner, in August 1971 Revolution became High Times, which featured Australian underground cartoons curated by co-editors Pat Woolley and Macy McFarland. Rolling Stone Australia was published fortnightly, devoted to music, politics, in August 1972 Frazer launched an Australian counter-culture magazine The Digger which was published fortnightly, then monthly, until December 1975, when Frazer left Australia for the United States. The first edition I saw was just so quirky and it was basically a tabloid format, A3-sized, folded so that it looked the size of an A4 page. It was on newsprint and because it was folded you could have the image on the front cover. The first Australian act on the cover was Skyhooks in 1976, who hated the photo. Together Gardiner, Mathieson and Comrie-Thompson built Rolling Stone Australia up as a player in terms of circulation. Gardiner and his wife Mathieson were in control until 1987, when they too pulled out amid mounting debts, after remaining dormant for six months, Phillip Keir acquired the rights to publish it in 1987 in partnership with his wife Lisa-Belle Furhagen and his friend Toby Creswell. The three university friends having virtually no publishing experience decided to pool their money and buy the license from the Americans, Creswell and Keir were old friends dating back to their school days at Sydney Grammar School, whilst Keir and Furhagen were married. In 1992 when the friendship fell out and the broke up, Keir retained the magazine. The following year Creswell and Furhagen started the publishing company Terraplane Press/Terraplanet, kathy Bail took over the magazine as Editor, and writer Clinton Walker was the only contributor to traverse both regimes. Australian Rolling Stone celebrated its 25th year with a collectors edition in May 1998. In 2008 Next Media Pty Ltd was purchased by Worseley Media, in a deal that saw ACP Magazines acquire Rolling Stone magazine in exchange for ACP titles Tracks, a few months later, ACP relaunched Rolling Stone, with a new look and size. Year after year, Rolling Stone Australia has made me proud and they have executed the Rolling Stone mission with style, intelligence and energy. My hat is off to everyone who has contributed to success over the years. In 2008 the magazine averaged sales of 27,051 copies a month, down from 29,372 the year before and about 40,000 at the time of its 30th anniversary issue six years previous
14.
Juice (magazine)
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Juice is a well known German hip hop magazine and the biggest of its kind in Europe. In every issue readers find interviews with rappers and record reviews, in the magazine, records are rated with crowns on a scale from one to six. Juice is published 11 times per year by Piranha Media, in the first quarter of 2007,28,757 copies were sold. Other rubrics include the All Time Classic, a report about rappers or groups that have influenced hip hop culture or have released albums that are considered classics by todays standards. Featured performers are, among others, Amp Fiddler, Kano, the magazine includes a sampler with 15 tracks, sometimes tracks only released on the Juice sampler
15.
The Age
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The Age is a daily newspaper that has been published in Melbourne, Australia, since 1854. It is delivered in both hardcopy and online formats, the newspaper shares many articles with other Fairfax Media metropolitan daily newspapers, such as The Sydney Morning Herald. As at February 2017, The Age had a weekday circulation of 88,000. The Sunday Age had a circulation of 123,000 and these represented year-on-year declines of 8% to 9%. The Ages website, according to third-party web analytics providers Alexa and SimilarWeb, is the 44th and 58th most visited website in Australia respectively, SimilarWeb rates the site as the seventh most visited news website in Australia, attracting more than 7 million visitors per month. The newspaper went compact in March 2013, with the Saturday and Sunday editions retaining the broadsheet format, on 22/23 February 2014, the final weekend edition were produced in broadsheet format with these too converted to compact format on 1/2 March 2014. The Ages parent company Chief executive officer, Greg Hywood, has foreshadowed the end of the print edition of the newspaper, with some analysts saying this will occur during 2017. The Age was founded by three Melbourne businessmen, the brothers John and Henry Cooke, who had arrived from New Zealand in the 1840s, the first edition appeared on 17 October 1854. The first edition under the new owners was on 17 June 1856, Ebenezer Syme was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly shortly after buying The Age, and his brother David Syme soon came to dominate the paper, editorially and managerially. When Ebenezer died in 1860, David became editor-in-chief, a position he retained until his death in 1908, in 1891, Syme bought out Ebenezers heirs and McEwans and became sole proprietor. He built up The Age into Victorias leading newspaper, in circulation, it soon overtook its rivals The Herald and The Argus, and by 1890 it was selling 100,000 copies a day, making it one of the worlds most successful newspapers. Under Symes control The Age exercised enormous political power in Victoria, Syme was originally a free trader, but converted to protectionism through his belief that Victoria needed to develop its manufacturing industries behind tariff barriers. In the 1890s, The Age was a supporter of Australian federation. After Symes death the paper remained in the hands of his three sons, with his eldest son Herbert Syme becoming general manager until his death in 1939, by the 1940s, the papers circulation was smaller than it had been in 1900, and its political influence also declined. Although it remained more liberal than the extremely conservative Argus, it lost much of its political identity. The historian Sybil Nolan writes, Accounts of The Age in these years generally suggest that the paper was second-rate, walker described a newspaper which had fallen asleep in the embrace of the Liberal Party, querulous, doddery and turgid are some of the epithets applied by other journalists. In 1942, David Symes last surviving son, Oswald Syme and he modernised the papers appearance and standards of news coverage. A takeover attempt by the Warwick Fairfax family, publishers of The Sydney Morning Herald, was beaten off and this new lease on life allowed The Age to recover commercially, and in 1957 it received a great boost when The Argus ceased publication
16.
The Sydney Morning Herald
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The Sydney Morning Herald is a daily compact newspaper published by Fairfax Media in Sydney, Australia. Founded in 1831 as the Sydney Herald, the SMH is the oldest continuously published newspaper in Australia, the newspaper is published six days a week. It is available at outlets in Sydney, regional New South Wales, Canberra, the Sydney Morning Herald includes a variety of supplements, including the magazines Good Weekend, and Sunday Life. By February 2016, average circulation had fallen to 104,000, similarWeb rates the site as the fifth most visited news website in Australia and as the 42nd newspapers website globally, attracting more than 15 million visitors per month. In 1931 a Centenary Supplement was published, the original four-page weekly had a print run of 750. In 1840, the newspaper began to publish daily, in 1841, an Englishman named John Fairfax purchased the operation, renaming it The Sydney Morning Herald the following year. Fairfax, whose family were to control the newspaper for almost 150 years, based his editorial policies upon principles of candour, honesty and we have no wish to mislead, no interest to gratify by unsparing abuse or indiscriminate approbation. During the decade 1890, Donald Murray worked there, the SMH was late to the trend of printing news rather than just advertising on the front page, doing so from 15 April 1944. Of the countrys metropolitan dailies, only The West Australian was later in making the switch, in 1949, the newspaper launched a Sunday edition, The Sunday Herald. Four years later, this was merged with the newly acquired Sun newspaper to create The Sun-Herald, in 1995, the company launched the newspapers web edition smh. com. au. The site has grown to include interactive and multimedia features beyond the content in the print edition. Around the same time, the organisation moved from Jones Street to new offices at Darling Park and built a new printing press at Chullora, the SMH has since moved with other Sydney Fairfax divisions to a building at Darling Island. In May 2007, Fairfax Media announced it would be moving from a format to the smaller compact or tabloid-size, in the footsteps of The Times. Fairfax Media dumped these plans later in the year, however, in June 2012, Fairfax Media again announced it planned to shift both broadsheet newspapers to tabloid size, in March 2013. Fairfax also announced it would cut staff across the group by 1,900 over three years and erect paywalls around the papers websites. The subscription type is to be a model, limiting readers to a number of free stories per month, with a payment required for further access. In July 2013 it was announced that the SMHs news director, Darren Goodsir, would become Editor-in-Chief, on 22 February 2014, the final Saturday edition was produced in broadsheet format with this too converted to compact format on 1 March 2014. Ahead of the decommissioning of the plant at Chullora in June 2014
17.
Silverchair
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The group got their big break in mid-1994 when they won a national demo competition conducted by SBS TV show Nomad and ABC radio station, Triple J. The band were signed by Murmur, and were successful on the Australian, as of 2011, Silverchair have won a record number of 21 ARIA Music Awards from 49 nominations. The band have received six APRA Awards with Johns winning three songwriting awards at the 2008 ceremony. All five of their albums have peaked at number-one on the ARIA Albums Chart, Frogstomp, Freak Show, Neon Ballroom, Diorama. Three of the singles have reached number-one on the related ARIA Singles Chart, Tomorrow, Freak. The songwriting and singing of Johns had evolved steadily while the band had developed an increased element of complexity. In 2003, following the release of Diorama, the band announced a hiatus, during which time members recorded with side projects The Dissociatives, The Mess Hall, Silverchair were reunited at the 2005 Wave Aid concerts. In 2007, they released their album, Young Modern. In May 2011, Silverchair announced an indefinite hiatus, as of 2016, Silverchair have sold 9 million albums worldwide. Silverchairs founders, Ben Gillies and Daniel Johns, attended the primary school in the Newcastle suburb of Merewether. As teenagers, singer-guitarist Johns and drummer Gillies, started playing music together – in one class they built a stage out of desks, when they moved on to Newcastle High School, a fellow student, Chris Joannou, joined the pair on bass guitar. In 1992, they formed Death Rides a Sandwich with Tobin Finane as a second guitarist – and they played numerous shows around the Hunter Region in their early teens, their repertoire was cover versions of Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple and Black Sabbath. In 1994 Innocent Criminals entered YouthRock, a competition for school-based bands. Early in the year they recorded demos of Acid Rain, Cicada, Pure Massacre, in April, the bands mainstream breakthrough came when they won a national competition called Pick Me, using their demo of Tomorrow. The competition was conducted by the SBS TV show Nomad and Australian Broadcasting Corporation alternative radio station Triple J, as part of the prize, Triple J recorded the song and ABC filmed a video, which was aired on 16 June. For the videos broadcast, they had changed their name to Silverchair, in a 1994 interview with Melbourne magazine Buzz, the band claimed the name derived from a radio request for Sliver by Nirvana and Berlin Chair by You Am I being mixed up as Silver Chair. It was later revealed they were named for the C. S. Lewis-penned novel The Silver Chair from The Chronicles of Narnia series, following a bidding war between rival labels, Silverchair signed a three-album recording contract with Sony Music subsidiary Murmur Records. Initially the group were managed by their parents, Sony A&R manager John Watson, who was jointly responsible for signing the group, subsequently left the label to become their band manager
18.
Spiderbait
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In 2004 the groups cover version of the 1930s Lead Belly song Black Betty reached number one on the ARIA Singles Chart. They have five top 20 albums, The Unfinished Spanish Galleon of Finley Lake, Ivy and the Big Apples, Grand Slam, Tonight Alright, and Greatest Hits. The group have won two ARIA Music Awards with the first in 1997 as Best Alternative Release for Ivy and the Big Apples, since late 2004, the band has been on hiatus to concentrate on solo projects and their personal lives—although periodically returning for occasional gigs. The band released their first studio album in nine years, the self-titled Spiderbait in November 2013. In 1989, the three members of Spiderbait were performing together with Janet English on bass guitar and lead vocals, Mark Maher on lead vocals and drums. All grew up in the town of Finley in southern New South Wales where Kram. With English on board, early rehearsals were held in sheds or barns, Kram later recalled, I mean Janet had never played a note of music in her life. Kram taught English to play bass, initial gigs included a friends party as an unnamed band where they played Freak Scene and an AC/DC cover song. They performed at the combined 21st birthday party for Kram and Whitty under the name Candy Spuds and they used that name for only one gig and then used Spiderbaby. In 1990, the moved to Melbourne, where Kram was studying at the Victorian College of the Arts School of Music. They soon became part of Melbournes punk scene, playing gigs at venues like The Tote Hotel in Collingwood, fellow alternative rockers The Meanies were an early influence and helped the band get gigs and a recording contract. They signed with Au-Go-Go Records and were renamed as Spiderbait – Spiderbaby was already being used by an American band, Spiderbait released their first single, Circle K, in 1991. A seven-track EP titled Ptang Yang Kipper Bang Uh. followed in January 1992, during 1992 they supported United States groups Rollins Band and Beastie Boys on their tour of Australia. Spiderbaits first album, Shashavaglava, was released in May 1993, shashava glava means crazy head in Serbian or possibly dickhead. The album included all the tracks from Ptang Yang Kipper Bang Uh. and featured the songs Old Man Sam, allmusics David Colon found the album agitating where its thrashing and pounding may be meant to energize, but in the end, only enervates. Run was released as a CD single in March 1994 and was followed by Jesus, the group supported US band Primus on their Australia 1994 tour. The album reached number 14 on the Australian charts, with singles Monty, the album title refers to a then-unfinished project by the Finley community, an artificially-made lake included a replica sailing ship. Spiderbait promoted themselves by playing to predominantly under-18 audiences, at the ARIA Music Awards of 1996, the album received two nominations, Best Alternative Release, and Best Cover Art for English and George Stajsic
19.
You Am I
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You Am I are an Australian alternative rock band, fronted by lead singer-songwriter-guitarist, Tim Rogers. Nine of their tracks appeared on the related ARIA Singles Chart top 50 with What I Dont Know bout You, their highest charting and you Am I have received ten ARIA Music Awards from thirty one nominations. The band have supported artists, such as The Who, The Rolling Stones, Sonic Youth. You Am Is second studio album, Hi Fi Way, appeared in the position in the book,100 Best Australian Albums. Their third album, Hourly, Daily was listed at number fifty five, the same two releases were also voted into the Hottest 100 Australian Albums of All Time list compiled by Australian youth radio station, Triple J, in 2011. Fourteen of their songs have been placed on the related annual Hottest 100 lists with Heavy Heart, the highest at No.9. You Am I were formed in Sydney in December 1989 by Tim Rogers on vocals, guitar, mellotron and Hammond organ, his older brother Jaimme Rogers on drums, Tim Rogers and Tischler were old school mates. At an early gig, a fan provided a big spiritual spiel about, the band took that as the inspiration for the working title for the groups name. This initial line-up was short-lived, Jaimme left before the end of the year after a fight with Tim. In the bands 1993 song, Jaimmes Got a Gal, Tim explained why his brother left and you Am I signed with an independent label, Timberyard Records, and in May 1991 issued a six-track extended play, Snake Tide. It was recorded in February at Electric Avenue Studios with Phil Punch as engineer, mixer and co-producer with the group, Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, described the EP as rough hewn. You Am I appeared at the inaugural Big Day Out concert, by April 1992 Tischler had left the band because he didnt think he could fulfill Tims vision. He was replaced by their previous live sound mixer, Andy Kent, in May they released a five-track EP, Goddamn, which was produced by Tom Kazas. An alternate nine-track version of Goddamn, which was expanded by adding four tracks from Snake Tide, was also issued, McFarlane declared that By that stage, Rogers had established his credentials as a fine songwriter and the band a reputation as an exciting, dynamic live act. By mid-1992 they had signed with independent label, rooArt Records, on their subsidiary rA Records. The group released their third EP, Cant Get Started, as a set in October 1992. Before the end of the year You Am I supported Hoodoo Gurus on a national tour, late in 1992 Tim Rogers sent samples of You Am Is releases to Lee Ranaldo of American rock group, Sonic Youth. In January of the year both groups appeared at the second Big Day Out festival in Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide
20.
Jebediah
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Jebediah are an Australian alternative rock band formed in 1994 in Perth, Western Australia. They were formed by Chris Daymond on lead guitar, Kevin Mitchell on lead vocals and rhythm guitar and they were joined a year later by Kevins older brother, Brett Mitchell, on drums. The band released four albums by 2004, three entered the top ten on the ARIA Albums Chart, their second album, Of Someday Shambles, is the highest charting at number two. After touring to celebrate their anniversary, the band went on hiatus in 2005. Kevin Mitchell continued solo work under his pseudonym, Bob Evans, Kevin also appeared on a self-titled album in July 2010 by the Basement Birds, a supergroup which he formed with fellow musicians, Kavyen Temperley, Josh Pyke and Steve Parkin. Jebediah reconvened in 2010 and released their studio album, Kosciuszko, in the following year. Jebediah was formed in Perth in 1994 by Chris Daymond on lead guitar, Almin Fulurija on drums, Kevin Mitchell on vocals and rhythm guitar and they are named after Jebediah Springfield, the fictional founder of Springfield on the American TV cartoon series, The Simpsons. Daymond and Mitchell had met in a class at Leeming High School in their final year, while Daymond. By early 1995, Kevins older brother, Brett Mitchell, replaced Fulurija because the latter would not turn up to practice sessions and they won the Western Australian semi-finals of the 1995 Australian National Campus Band Competition and in October they won the national final in Lismore. This led to a slot on the Summersault Music Festival before high-profile bands, Beastie Boys, Foo Fighters. Brett explained in a 2011 interview, In the very early days, everything was just a bit of a shock. To us, it was like, it was either a shock, if it, if it happened, or it was, it seemed kind of absurd if someone was, ah, you know. In August 1996 Jebediah issued their debut extended play, Twitch. According to Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, Twitch contained quirky tracks like Mister Masonic, in April that year they had signed to Murmur, a subsidiary label of Sony Music, on the basis of their live performances. They followed with a tour alongside Snout, and Automatic. In 2004 Daymon recalled our very first EP came out through Murmur, right from the very start we never really self-financed any of our early material. Thinking about it now, over the years, a lot of being in a band – for us – is touring and playing the shows, at the West Australian Music Industry Awards of 1996 they won their first WAMi for Best Stage Presence. Twitch debuted at one on the local Perth singles chart
21.
Something for Kate
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Something for Kate are an Australian alternative rock band, which formed in 1994 with Paul Dempsey on lead vocals and guitar, and Clint Hyndman on drums. They were joined in 1998 by Stephanie Ashworth on bass guitar, two of their singles have reached the ARIA top 20, Monsters and Déjà Vu. The band have received a total of 11 nominations for ARIA Music Awards in 1999,2001 and 2003, Something for Kate have toured extensively in Australia and internationally, supporting Pavement, Swervedriver, Powderfinger, David Bowie and You Am I. They have been supported, in turn, by Caustic Soda, Big Heavy Stuff, Augie March, Crooked Fingers, Angus & Julia Stone, in 2005 Ashworth and Dempsey married. Something for Kate were formed in 1994 in Melbourne by Julian Carroll on bass guitar, Paul Dempsey on lead guitar and lead vocals, Dempsey and Hyndman were school friends from Padua College, Mornington Peninsula, Carroll successfully answered their advertisement in music stores. The trio played their first gig on 12 September 1994 at the Punters Club in Melbourne, changing their name from Fish of the Day at the suggestion of the venues booking agent. Dempsey recalled that they performed because they just wanted to make an abrasive, staccato racket and he explained that the groups new name was inspired by his dog, Kate – he had been left a shopping note, to buy Something for Kate. As for the dog, Dempseys mother sold Kate, the familys Jack Russell, I think they were a bit tired of her escaping out of the back fence. My mum let it slip about a year later and she let the dog out of the bag. The band built a fan base in Melbourne and recorded a demo tape that sold out of multiple pressings. In 1995 Sony Musics A&R, Chris Dunn, signed them to the Murmur label, Dunn said he was impressed by their age, If they had been a bit older I probably wouldve not been as interested. But because they were 19, I investigated it more and went out and he said one song, Slow, was particularly appealing, That really triggered the whole thing in me. I kept on playing this song over and over again, I just thought it was a really good song for such a young person. Something for Kate released an extended play. The Answer to Both Your Questions. It was produced by Greg Atkinson and appeared both on CD and as a hand decorated mini-LP, an Oz Music Project reviewer described it as a critically acclaimed debut release and started catching the ears of punters around the country. During August and September of that year they undertook the Unipaloser Tour of national universities with label mates Jebediah, in October they followed with a single, Dean Martin, also produced by Atkinson, which received frequent airplay on youth radio network, Triple J. A limited edition five-track EP, Intermission, was assembled from leftover recordings and released in March 1997. Jasper Lee of Oz Music Project declared that it shows the vast potential for Melbourne band, Dempseys voice proves that under the thick layer of the morbid rock guy, that a emotionally-brittle heart lies within
22.
EMI
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EMI was a British multinational conglomerate founded in March 1931 and was based in London. At the time of its break-up in 2012, it was the fourth-largest business group and its EMI Records Ltd. group of record labels included EMI Records, Parlophone, Virgin Records and Capitol Records. EMI also had a publishing arm, EMI Music Publishing—also based in London with offices globally. The company was once a constituent of the FTSE100 Index, other members of the Sony consortium include the Estate of Michael Jackson, The Blackstone Group, and Abu Dhabi–owned investment fund Mubadala Development Company. The new vertically integrated company produced sound recordings as well as recording, the companys gramophone manufacturing led to forty years of success with larger-scale electronics and electrical engineering. He was killed in 1942 whilst conducting flight trials on an experimental H2S radar set, post-war, the company resumed its involvement in making broadcasting equipment, notably providing the BBCs second television transmitter at Sutton Coldfield. It also manufactured broadcast television cameras for British television production companies as well as for the BBC, the commercial television ITV companies also used them alongside cameras made by Pye and Marconi. Exports of this piece of equipment were low, however, the company was also for many years an internationally respected manufacturer of photomultipliers. This part of the business was transferred to Thorn as part of Thorn-EMI, in 1958 the EMIDEC1100, the UKs first commercially available all-transistor computer, was developed at Hayes under the leadership of Godfrey Hounsfield, an electrical engineer at EMI. In 1973 EMI was awarded a prestigious Queens Award for Technological Innovation for what was called the EMI scanner. After brief, but brilliant, success in the imaging field, EMIs manufacturing activities were sold off to other companies. Subsequently, development and manufacturing activities were sold off to companies and work moved to other towns such as Crawley. Emihus Electronics, based in Glenrothes, Scotland, was owned 51% by Hughes Aircraft, of California, US and it manufactured integrated circuits electrolytic capacitors and, for a short period in the mid-1970s, hand-held calculators under the Gemini name. Early in its life, the Gramophone Company established subsidiary operations in a number of countries in the British Commonwealth, including India, Australia. Over 150,000 78-rpm recordings from around the world are held in EMIs temperature-controlled archive in Hayes, in 1931, the year the company was formed, it opened the legendary recording studios at Abbey Road, London. During the 1930s and 1940s, its roster of artists included Arturo Toscanini, Sir Edward Elgar, during this time EMI appointed its first A&R managers. These included George Martin, who brought the Beatles into the EMI fold. When the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company in 1931, at this point RCA had a majority shareholding in the new company, giving RCA chair David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board
23.
Oceania
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Oceania, also known as Oceanica, is a region centred on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean. The term is used more specifically to denote a continent comprising Australia. The term was coined as Océanie circa 1812 by geographer Conrad Malte-Brun, the word Océanie is a French word derived from the Latin word oceanus, and this from the Greek word ὠκεανός, ocean. Natives and inhabitants of this region are called Oceanians or Oceanicans, as an ecozone, Oceania includes all of Micronesia, Fiji, and all of Polynesia except New Zealand. New Zealand, along with New Guinea and nearby islands, part of the Philippine islands, Australia, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, in geopolitical terms, however, New Zealand, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia are almost always considered part of Oceania. Australia and Papua New Guinea are usually considered part of Oceania along with the Maluku Islands, puncak Jaya in Papua is often considered the highest peak in Oceania. Oceania was originally conceived as the lands of the Pacific Ocean and it comprised four regions, Polynesia, Micronesia, Malaysia, and Melanesia. The area extends to Sumatra in the west, the Bonin Islands in the northwest, the Hawaiian Islands in the northeast, Rapa Nui and Sala y Gómez Island in the east, and Macquarie Island in the south. Not included are the Pacific islands of Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands and the Japanese archipelago, all on the margins of Asia, and the Aleutian Islands of North America. The islands at the extremes of Oceania are Bonin, a politically integral part of Japan, Hawaii, a state of the United States. There is also a geographic definition that excludes land on the Sunda Plate. Biogeographically, Oceania is used as a synonym for either the Australasian ecozone or the Pacific ecozone, Oceania is one of eight terrestrial ecozones, which constitute the major ecological regions of the planet. The Oceania ecozone includes all of Micronesia, Fiji, and all of Polynesia except New Zealand, New Zealand, New Guinea, Melanesia apart from Fiji, and Australia constitute the separate Australasian ecozone. The Malay Archipelago is part of the Indomalaya ecozone, related to these concepts are Near Oceania, that part of western Island Melanesia which has been inhabited for tens of millennia, and Remote Oceania which is more recently settled. The term is used to denote a continent comprising Australia. New Zealand forms the corner of the Polynesian Triangle. Its indigenous Māori constitute one of the cultures of Polynesia. It is also, however, considered part of Australasia, the history of Oceania in the medieval period was synonymous with the history of the indigenous peoples of Australasia, Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia
24.
Australian Recording Industry Association
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It oversees the collection, administration and distribution of music licenses and royalties. The association has more than 100 members, including small labels typically run by one to five people, medium size organisations, ARIA is administered by a Board of Directors comprising senior executives from record companies, both large and small. As of October 2010, the directors were Denis Handlin, George Ash, Mark Poston, Sebastian Chase, David Vodica, in 1956, the Association of Australian Record Manufacturers was formed by Australias major record companies. It later included smaller record companies representing independent acts/labels and has over 100 members, by 1997, the six major labels provided 90% of all recordings made in Australia. ARIA is administered by a Board of Directors comprising senior executives from record companies, as of October 2010, the directors were Denis Handlin, George Ash, Mark Poston, Sebastian Chase, David Vodica and Tony Harlow. Australian TV pop music show Countdown presented its own awards ceremony, Countdown Music and Video Awards. ARIA provided peer voting for awards, while Countdown provided coupons in the related Countdown Magazine for viewers to vote for populist awards. At the 1985 Countdown awards ceremony, held on 14 April 1986, fans of INXS and Uncanny X-Men scuffled during the broadcast and as a result ARIA decided to hold their own awards. Since 2 March 1987, ARIA administered its own entirely peer-voted ARIA Music Awards, to recognise excellence, initially included in the same awards ceremonies, it established the ARIA Hall of Fame in 1988 and has held separate annual ceremonies since 2005. The ARIA Hall of Fame honours Australian musicians achievements have had a significant impact in Australia or around the world, in February 2004, the Australian Record Industry Association announced its own legal action against Kazaa, alleging massive copyright breaches. The trial began on 29 November 2004, on 6 February 2005, the homes of two Sharman Networks executives and the offices of Sharman Networks in Australia were raided under a court order by ARIA to gather evidence for the trial. In 2006, ARIA formed sponsorship deals with Motorola and Nova and changed the appearance, Motorola took naming-rights sponsorship seeing the charts referred to in the media as the Motorola ARIA Charts. ARIA, have commented that as part of the same marketing printed charts would be reintroduced into media retailing shops, as part of the deal Nova began broadcasting the charted singles in reverse order on a Sunday afternoon show before it was released on the ARIA charts website. The ARIA Charts is the main Australian music sales charts, issued weekly by the Australian Recording Industry Association, the charts are a record of the highest selling singles and albums in various genres. All charts are compiled from data of both physical and digital sales from retailers in Australia, the ARIA No.1 Chart Awards were established in 2002 to recognise Australian recording artists, who reached number one on the ARIA albums, singles and music DVDs charts. The ARIA Music Awards is a series of awards nights celebrating the Australian music industry. This criticism is stauncher in Australia due to the absence of an equivalent Digital Millennium Copyright Act or state crimes acts which clearly establish copyright infringement as a crime, in February 2004, the Australian Record Industry Association took legal action against Kazaa, alleging massive copyright breaches. The trial began on 29 November 2004, on 6 February 2005, the homes of two Sharman Networks executives and the offices of Sharman Networks in Australia were raided under a court order by ARIA to gather evidence for the trial
25.
Pirate Party of Canada
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The Pirate Party of Canada, is a minor party in federal Canadian politics. Founded in 2009, the party registered with Elections Canada in 2010. The PPCA is modelled on the Swedish Pirate Party and advocates intellectual property reform, privacy protection, network neutrality, no member of the party has been elected to Parliament. The Pirate Party drew its inspiration from the Piratpartiet, the Swedish Pirate Party, in 2001, the copyright industry established the Antipiratbyrån — The Anti-Piracy Bureau. In 2003, to combat this legislation, a group of artists, musicians, in selecting that name, the Bureau was signalling that they were the progressive, while the antis were the regressive. In 2005, when laws were harshened again in Sweden. Because of past successes of the Bureau, the name immediately conveyed all the ideas the party stood for. Under that banner, the Pirate Party came 5th in the 2009 European Parliament elections with 7, the Canadian Pirate Party was ideologically founded out of that movement, retaining much of the political thought of its parent party. In June 2009, the PPCA was founded by a handful of Canadian supporters active on the web forums of the Pirate Parties International collective. The party established its own forums and removed membership fees, as part of a campaign to gain the 250 members necessary for registration, in October 2009, the party selected university student Jacob Daynes as its interim leader and established an interim council. On April 12,2010, the party was granted status by Canadas chief electoral officer. On August 19,2010, the party held its first leadership elections, on September 1,2010, the partys first Federal Council was elected, with Mikkel Paulson as party leader. According to Elections Canada, the Pirate Party became eligible to field candidates on April 12,2010 and was registered on November 6,2010, as of November 2010, the party claims to have over 2,000 members. Following the 2011 election, the party examined issues that had arose with its constitution, issues included a hard-to-reach quorum for General Meetings and the difficulties of the Federal Council members running for office while also handling party paperwork and administration. On December 19, the party adopted the new constitution and held elections for the new Executive Board, in June 2012, the party began the process of crowdsourcing its 2015 election platform and opened sections of its forums to guests. In July 2012, the party failed to produce its financial report for Elections Canada. However, internal party documents demonstrate that the membership have been advocating for a public release of the partys financial information since the 2011 federal election. Despite these claims, Elections Canada has all of the partys Statements of Assets and Liabilities, on September 27,2009, the party launched a BitTorrent tracker, named the Canadian Pirate Tracker or CaPT, with the aim of promoting its position on works being released online
26.
Midnight Oil
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Midnight Oil are an Australian rock band, who originally performed as Farm from 1972 with drummer Rob Hirst, bass guitarist Andrew James and keyboard player/lead guitarist Jim Moginie. While vocalist Peter Garrett was studying at Australian National University in Canberra, he answered an advertisement for a spot in Farm, and by 1975 the band was touring the east coast. By late 1976, Garrett moved to Sydney to complete his law degree, important to their development was manager Gary Morris who was able to negotiate favourable contracts with tour promoters and record companies and frustrate rock journalists. Founding bass guitarist James, forced to leave due to illness in 1980, was replaced by Peter Gifford, Gifford was himself replaced by Bones Hillman in 1987. S. L. Redneck Wonderland, The Real Thing, Capricornia and Flat Chat, Australian Top Ten singles were Power and the Passion, The Dead Heart, Beds Are Burning and Blue Sky Mine. In December 2002, Garrett announced that he would seek to further his political career, Midnight Oil won eleven Australian Recording Industry Association Awards during its career, including induction into the Hall of Fame in 2006. In 2010, their album Diesel and Dust ranked no.1 in the book The 100 Best Australian Albums by Toby Creswell, Craig Mathieson, in 1971, drummer Rob Hirst, bass guitarist Andrew James, and keyboard player/lead guitarist Jim Moginie were performing together. They adopted the name Farm in 1972, and played covers of Cream, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Garrett was studying at Australian National University in Canberra, so Farm was only a part-time band. They played for the northern Sydney surfing community, and by 1975 the band was touring the east coast, in late 1976, Garrett moved to Sydney to complete his Law degree. Farm then became a group and so changed its name to Midnight Oil by drawing a name out of a hat, leaving behind Television, Sparta. Midnight Oil came from the Jimi Hendrix song, Burning of the Midnight Lamp, after changing its name to Midnight Oil, the group began to develop an aggressive, punk-hard rock sound for their pub rock audiences. Guitarist Martin Rotsey joined in 1977 and Midnight Oil, with their manager Gary Morris,43 on the Australian albums charts. Midnight Oils first single Run by Night followed in December, but had little chart success. The band built a fan base, initially restricted to Sydney. The Midnight Oil LP disappointed some critics as it did not capture their live performances, with undemanding playing. Their second album Head Injuries, released on Powderworks in October 1979, was produced by former Supercharge member Leszek Karski and it mixed solid guitar rock with progressive flourishes and was an improvement by highlighting the groups strengths and growth. It peaked at No.36 and by mid-1980 had achieved gold status, in April 1980 founding bass guitarist Andrew James left because of ill-health and was replaced by Peter Gifford. Further interest in Midnight Oil was generated by the popular Bird Noises EP, also produced by Karski, One of its four tracks was the surf-instrumental Wedding Cake Island named after the rock outcrop in the ocean off Sydneys Coogee Beach
27.
Diesel and Dust
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Diesel and Dust is the sixth studio album by Australian rock band Midnight Oil, released in August 1987 by Spirit Music label under Columbia Records. Diesel and Dust was produced by Warne Livesey and the band and it is a concept album about the struggles of Indigenous Australians and environmental causes, issues important to the band. It drew inspiration from the Blackfella/Whitefella Tour of remote Indigenous communities with the Warumpi Band and Gondwanaland in 1986, the album peaked at No.1 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart for six weeks. In 1989, Rolling Stone magazine ranked it No.13 on their list of the 100 best albums of the 1980s, in October 2010 it was listed at No.1 in the book 100 Best Australian Albums. The tour was criticised by journalists for being a one-off event instead of a long-term attempt to build bridges between communities. The band was galvanised by the experiences and made them the basis of their album, Diesel and Dust, which was released in August 1987 and produced by Warne Livesey. The album focused on the need for recognition by white Australia of past injustices involving the Aboriginal nation, Peter Gifford left the band before the albums release due to extensive touring schedules, and was replaced on bass guitar by Bones Hillman, formerly of The Swingers. Diesel and Dust peaked at No.1 on the Australian albums charts for six weeks, No.21 on the US Billboard 200 in 1988, and No.19 on the UK Albums Chart. Beds Are Burning was their biggest international hit single, peaking at No.6 in Australia, No.17 on the US Billboard Hot 100, the Dead Heart peaked at No.6 in Australia, and charted on the Hot 100 and in the UK. Put Down that Weapon also charted in Australia, while Dreamworld charted on Billboards Mainstream Rock Tracks, at the Australian Recording Industry Association 1988 Awards ceremony, Midnight Oil won Best Cover Artist for Diesel and Dust and both Best Single and Best Song for Beds Are Burning. There were concerns about Diesel and Dust and Midnight Oils attempts to express indigenous issues to white urban audiences - namely, the lyrics of The Dead Heart tell the story of colonisation from an indigenous point of view but some critics felt they reinforced the primitive stereotype. Use of the bullroarer was criticised as belonging to sacred rituals, Midnight Oil requested that all royalties from the song go to indigenous communities. In addition, two groups, Warumpi Band and Gondwanaland, toured with them. All sales proceeds were donated to the National Coalition of Aboriginal Organisations, arctic World was written by Jim Moginie and Peter Garrett and runs for 4 minutes,21 seconds. The song is about mining and oil drilling in Greenland and Alaska, according to Australian rock music historian, Ian McFarlane, Diesel and Dust showed Midnight Oil reached the peak of its powers with the release of the groundbreaking. Album. is arguably one of the greatest Australian albums of all time, in 1989, Rolling Stone magazine ranked it No.13 on their list of the 100 best albums of the 1980s. In October 2010 it was listed at No.1 in the book,100 Best Australian Albums, track 11 was included on some CD releases only, not on the vinyl and cassette releases or the original US CD release. Warakurna is a town in Western Australia, close to the Northern Territory border
28.
AC/DC
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AC/DC are an Australian rock band, formed in 1973 by brothers Malcolm and Angus Young. A hard rock/blues rock band, they have also considered a heavy metal band, although they have always dubbed their music simply rock. AC/DC underwent several changes before releasing their first album, High Voltage, in 1975, Malcolm. Membership subsequently stabilised until bassist Mark Evans was replaced by Cliff Williams in 1977 for the album Powerage, within months of recording the album Highway to Hell, lead singer and co-songwriter Bon Scott died on 19 February 1980 after a night of heavy alcohol consumption. The group considered disbanding, but buoyed by support from Scotts parents, decided to continue, ex-Geordie singer Brian Johnson was auditioned and selected to replace Scott. Later that year, the released the new album, Back in Black. The album launched them to new heights of success and became their all-time best-seller, the bands next album, For Those About to Rock We Salute You, was their first album to reach number one in the United States. Drummer Phil Rudd was fired in 1983 and replaced by ex-A II Z drummer Simon Wright, the band experienced a resurgence in the early 1990s with the release of The Razors Edge. Phil Rudd returned in 1994 after Chris Slade, who was with the band from 1989 to 1994, was asked to leave in favour of him, Stiff Upper Lip, released in 2000, was well received by critics. The bands line-up remained the same until 2014 with Malcolm Youngs retirement, in 2016, Johnson was advised to stop touring on account of worsening hearing loss and Guns N Roses frontman Axl Rose stepped in as the bands vocalist for the remainder of that years dates. Long-term bass player Cliff Williams subsequently indicated that he would retire from the band on the completion of their current world tour, Back in Black has sold an estimated 50 million units worldwide, making it the second-highest-selling album by any artist – and the highest-selling album by any band. The album has sold 22 million units in the US alone, AC/DC ranked fourth on VH1s list of the 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock and were named the seventh Greatest Heavy Metal Band of All Time by MTV. In 2004, AC/DC ranked No.72 on the Rolling Stone list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. Producer Rick Rubin, who wrote an essay on the band for the Rolling Stone list, referred to AC/DC as the greatest rock, in 2010, AC/DC were ranked number 23 in the VH1 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. Brothers Malcolm, Angus, and George Young were born in Glasgow, Scotland, George was the first to learn to play the guitar. He became a member of The Easybeats, one of Australias most successful bands of the 1960s, in 1966, they became the first local rock act to have an international hit, with the song Friday on My Mind. Malcolm followed in Georges footsteps by playing with a Newcastle, New South Wales and their oldest brother Alex Young chose to remain in Britain to pursue musical interests. Malcolm and Angus Young developed the idea for the name after their sister, Margaret Young
29.
Back in Black
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Back in Black is the seventh studio album by Australian rock band AC/DC. Produced by Robert John Mutt Lange, the album was released on 25 July 1980 by Albert Productions, by the late 1970s, AC/DC began to achieve significant popularity outside their native Australia, with high-energy live performances and a string of successful albums. In 1979, they paired with producer Lange and recorded their international breakthrough, shortly before the recording of their follow-up, lead vocalist Bon Scott died after a night of heavy alcohol consumption. The group continued with ex-Geordie singer Brian Johnson, Back in Black was recorded over seven weeks in the Bahamas in spring 1980. The area was hit by storms at the time, making the sessions difficult at times. Johnson penned the lyrics and melodies, while guitarists Angus. Its musical content consists of hard rock-styled numbers, Lange demanded perfection in the bands recordings, particularly on Johnsons vocals. Following its completion, the group mixed Back in Black at Electric Lady Studios in New York City, the albums all-black cover was designed as a sign of mourning for Scott. Their sixth international release, Back in Black was an unprecedented success and its enormous sales figures have made it the second-highest-selling album in history. The band supported the album with a world tour, cementing them among the most popular music acts of the early 1980s. Back in Black received positive reception at the time of its release. Since its initial release, the album has been reissued and remastered multiple times, by 1979, AC/DC were poised to receive a significant level of success with their sixth studio album, Highway to Hell. AC/DC, formed in 1973, first broke into international markets in 1977 with their fourth record and they were notable for their high-energy live performances, in which lead guitarist Angus Young would don a schoolboy outfit, and for singer Bon Scotts distinctive raspy voice. As the new decade approached, the set off for the UK. They planned to begin recording a follow-up shortly after its completion, on 19 February 1980, Scott went on a drinking binge in a London pub that caused him to lose consciousness, so a friend let him rest in the back of his Renault 5 overnight. The next morning, Scott was found unresponsive and rushed to Kings College Hospital where medical personnel pronounced him dead on arrival, Scott was cremated and his ashes were interred by his family at Fremantle Cemetery in Fremantle, Western Australia. The loss devastated the band, who considered breaking up, however, friends and family persuaded them to carry on. After Bon Scotts funeral, the band began auditions for a replacement frontman
30.
Crowded House
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Crowded House is a rock band formed in Melbourne, Australia, in 1985. The founding members were New Zealander Neil Finn and Australians Paul Hester, later band members included Neil Finns brother, Tim Finn, and Americans Mark Hart and Matt Sherrod. Queen Elizabeth II bestowed an OBE on both Neil and Tim Finn, in June 1993, for their contribution to the music of New Zealand. Founding drummer Hester left in May 1994 citing family reasons, but briefly returned for their Farewell to the World concerts in Melbourne, Neil Finn had decided to end the band to concentrate on his solo career and the Finn Brothers project with Tim. On 26 March 2005 Hester died by suicide, aged 46, in 2006 the group re-formed with a new drummer Matt Sherrod and released two further albums, both of which reached number one on Australias album chart. As of July 2010 the group has sold 10 million albums, in November 2016 they were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame. Neil Finn and drummer Paul Hester were former members of New Zealand band Split Enz, Neil Finn is the younger brother of Split Enz founding member Tim Finn, who joined Crowded House in 1990 on vocals, guitars and keyboards for the album Woodface. Bassist Nick Seymour is the brother of singer-songwriter and guitarist Mark Seymour of the now defunct Australian rock group Hunters & Collectors. Finn and Hester decided to form a new band during the first Split Enz farewell tour, Enz with a Bang, Seymour approached Finn during the after party for the Melbourne show and asked if he could audition for the new band. The Mullanes formed in Melbourne in early 1985 with Finn, Hester, Seymour and guitarist Craig Hooper and they secured a record contract with Capitol Records, but Hooper left the band before the remaining trio moved to Los Angeles to record their debut album. At Capitols behest, the name was changed to Crowded House. Former Split Enz keyboardist Eddie Rayner produced the track Cant Carry On and was asked to join the band and he toured with them in 1988, but was unable to become a full member due to family commitments. Thanks to their Split Enz connection, the newly formed Crowded House had an established Australasian fanbase and they began by playing at festivals in Australia and New Zealand and released their debut album, Crowded House, in June 1986. Capitol Records initially failed to see the potential and gave them only low-key promotion, forcing the band to play at small venues to try. The albums first single, Mean to Me, reached the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart top 30 in June and it failed to chart in the US, but moderate American airplay introduced US listeners to the group. A single, Dont Dream Its Over, was released in December 1986 and proved an international hit, New Zealand radio stations initially gave the song little support until months later when it became successful internationally. Ultimately, the reached number one on the New Zealand singles chart. It remains the groups most commercially successful song, in March 1987, the group were awarded Best New Talent, along with Song of the Year and Best Video awards for Dont Dream Its Over at the inaugural ARIA Music Awards
31.
Woodface
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Woodface is the third studio album by the band Crowded House. The album was produced by Mitchell Froom and released by Capitol in July 1991 and it features five singles Chocolate Cake, Fall at Your Feet, Weather with You, Four Seasons in One Day, and Its Only Natural. Woodface was a hit in Australia and New Zealand as well as giving the band their first top ten hit album in the UK. It was listed at No.3 in the book,100 Best Australian Albums and these songs were originally intended for a Finn Brothers album. Once these sessions were complete, Neil teamed back up with Nick Seymour and Paul Hester to write, Capitol Records rejected most of the new Crowded House songs, so Neil asked Tim if the band could use some of the new Finn Brothers songs. Tim agreed, on condition that he would join the band, whatever the truth of that claim, the group that returned to the studio included Tim as a full band member. The album was titled Woodface and was released in July 1991 and it was co-produced by Mitchell Froom and Neil Finn, and mixed by Bob Clearmountain. Five other tracks were solo compositions by Neil Finn and the two were written by Paul Hester, including Im Still Here, a hidden track. Former Beach Boys drummer Ricky Fataar is credited on three of the Finn Brothers songs, All I Ask, There Goes God and Weather With You, during the UK leg of the Woodface tour, Tim left the band. The band were due to perform at King Tuts Wah-Wah Hut in Glasgow, after performing several songs, the crowd began chanting wheres Tim. to which Neil replied hes left the band. Tim Finn later discussed in an interview that he had gone out for a walk in Glasgow in the afternoon and made the decision, multi-instrumentalist Mark Hart, who had played some keyboards on Woodface, was recruited to replace Tim for the remaining dates. All tracks written by Neil Finn, Tim Finn, except where noted, Im Still Here follows How Will You Go in track 14 as a hidden track at 3,37 after 30 seconds silence. The version released as a track in 1991 is an excerpt containing the first minute of the full track. The following songs were recorded by Crowded House for Woodface before Tim Finn became involved but were not included on the album. Seven appeared on the 1999 rarities collection Afterglow, Fields Are Full of Your Kind and my Legs are Gone had previously been released on I Like it Rare, a rarities compilation available through Frenz of the Enz, the official Crowded House fan club. Fields are Full of Your Kind remained unreleased until the deluxe edition of Woodface. Anyone Can Tell Left Hand Dr. Livingstone Sacred Cow I Love You Dawn My Tellys Gone Bung Time Immemorial Fields Are Full of Your Kind My Legs Are Gone Includes the original album for the first disc, All tracks written by Neil Finn, except where noted. Their continued diminishing success in the US was countered by increased sales in Europe where the album reached several national charts, the album was certified platinum in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the UK
32.
Cold Chisel
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Cold Chisel are an Australian rock band that formed in Adelaide, Australia. They had chart success in the 70s, 80s and 90s, Cold Chisel are regarded as having a distinctly Australian popularity and musicianship, exemplifying pub rock and highlighting the working class life in Australia. The group changed its name several times before settling on Cold Chisel in 1974 after writing a song with that title, Barnes relationship with other band members was volatile, as a Scot he often came to blows with Liverpool-born Prestwich and he left the band several times. During these periods Moss would handle vocals until Barnes returned, Walker soon emerged as Cold Chisels primary songwriter. Walker spent 1974 in Armidale, completing his studies and in 1975 Kaczmarek left the band and was replaced by Phil Small, Barnes older brother John Swan was a member of Cold Chisel around this time, providing backing vocals and percussion but after several violent incidents he was fired. In May 1976, Cold Chisel relocated to Melbourne but found little success, six months later, in May 1977, Barnes announced he would quit Cold Chisel in order to join Swan in Feather, a hard-rocking blues band that had evolved from an earlier group called Blackfeather. A farewell performance in Sydney went so well that the singer changed his mind, the following month the Warner Music Group picked up Cold Chisel. In the early months of 1978, Cold Chisel recorded its debut album with producer Peter Walker. All tracks were written by Don Walker except Juliet, for which Barnes wrote the melody, khe Sanh has since become Cold Chisels signature tune and arguably its most popular among fans. The song was remixed, with re-recorded vocals, for inclusion on the international version of 1980s East. The bands next release was a live EP titled Youre Thirteen, Youre Beautiful and this had been recorded at a show at Sydneys Regent Theatre in 1977 that had featured Midnight Oil as one of the support acts. One of the EPs tracks, Merry Go Round was later recorded on the follow-up and this album was recorded between July 1978 and January 1979 with experienced producer Richard Batchens, who had previously worked with Richard Clapton, Sherbet and Blackfeather. Batchens smoothed out many of the rough edges and attempted to give their songs a sophisticated sound. This approach has made the album sit a little uncomfortably with the band ever since, once again, the majority of the songs were penned by Walker, with Barnes collaborating with Walker on the first single Goodbye and Moss contributing to Dresden. Goodbye became a favourite for the band, and even went on to be performed by U2 during Australian tours in the 1980s. By now the band stood at the verge of national success, even without significant radio airplay or support from Countdown. In spite of the subject matter, the track became a hit. Recorded over two months in early-1980, East reached #2 on the Australian album charts and was the second-highest selling album by an Australian artist for the year, Cold Chisel is the only Australian rock band to score hits with songs written by every member of the group
33.
Circus Animals
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Circus Animals is the fourth studio album by Australian band Cold Chisel, released in 1982. It was recorded and mixed at Paradise Studios and EMI Studio 301 and it reached number one on the Australian charts, remaining in the charts for 40 weeks, and also topped the New Zealand charts. The working title for the album was Tunnel Cunts, many of the albums songs were written as a direct reaction to the pop success of the bands previous LP East and feature unusual, experimental arrangements. Singer Barnes said, the band, particularly Don, decided to revolt against the pop formula when we made Circus Animals. Walker said, There was no way of improving what wed done on East, Barnes had noted, Its not way out, not ridiculously experimental. Its all been done before, just not by us, in the lead up to the recording, the band was playing concerts in pubs and clubs in regional centres such as Wollongong and Newcastle. Band members were encouraged to improvise and change song structures, Barnes said, It was a really loose free-form thing. We were developing and changing the songs every night to suit the atmosphere we were in. Producer Opitz said of the reaction to East, Don came to me six months later and said, “I never want to have another commercial album again. ”Which I thought was really funny. Don said he want to do another commercial album. The first single You Got Nothing I Want was written by singer Jimmy Barnes about the lack of interest shown in them by their American label rep during the bands 1981 US tour. Bow River was a song by guitarist Ian Moss, written about a sheep station in the Northern Territory where his brother Peter had once worked. The song was included as the B-side to one of the albums singles, when the War Is Over was written by drummer Steve Prestwich and has been covered numerous times by Little River Band, John Farnham, Uriah Heep, Cosima De Vito and Something for Kate. Letter to Alan was dedicated to a member of the bands road crew, Alan Dallow. Mark Opitz later said, We were doing a mountain of coke during the Circus Animals sessions and we would do monster lines of coke and then the band members would go in to do their parts. I remember one time my head turned into a helicopter and I was about to lift off, the album cover was shot by Peter Levy. Barnes said, This caravan we towed out to Lake Eyre for the photo shoot and it was about 40 degrees, it was brutal. Don Walker said of the location, I wanted something that was Australian, a wide flat space with a caravan on it
34.
The Triffids
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The Triffids were an Australian alternative rock and pop band, formed in Perth in Western Australia in May 1978 with David McComb as singer-songwriter, guitarist, bass guitarist and keyboardist. They achieved negligible success in Australia, but greater success in the UK, some of their best-known songs include Wide Open Road and Bury Me Deep in Love. The Australian Recording Industry Association recognised The Triffids importance on 1 July 2008 when inducting them into the Hall of Fame, few songwriters managed to capture the feeling of isolation and fatalistic sense of despair of the Australian countryside. The Triffids and The Go-Betweens were two of the most literate and evocative Australian bands of the 1980s, both formed outside the mainstream Sydney-Melbourne pop/rock nexus and they wrote and performed songs with Phil Kakulas on guitars and vocals, then soon became Blök Musik and Logic. In May 1978, they became The Triffids, taking their name from the novel by John Wyndham. They were soon joined by Andrew McGowan on guitar and Julian Douglas-Smith on piano, when Byron Sinclair joined on bass guitar in September, McComb switched to rhythm guitar. The Triffids began partly in response to the rock movement. The multimedia group Dalsy had come into being, Dalsy did paintings, sculptures and poetry, and wrote a book named Lunch. They were tinny and quirky, obsessive and manic, versatile, the members of Dalsy grew to hate their audience. They still do, and this hate is an part of their music. Dalsy split up towards the end of 1977 and they launched into 1978 as Blok Musik, with their famous Blok Musik tape. In April, they played at the Leederville Town Hall Punk Fest, alongside Perths punk rock contingent but, as usual, after that they went home and metamorphosised into Logic. Within a day they changed their minds, and metamorphosised into the Triffids. Between 1978 and 1981, McComb had written over 100 original songs and The Triffids had recorded and independently released six cassette tapes, simply called, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, Tape 5 and Sixth. By 1979, Kakulas and Sinclair had left and were replaced by Davids older brother, Robert McComb on violin and guitar, and Will Akers on bass guitar, MacDonald had briefly left the band for two months, and the single was recorded with Mark Peters as drummer. Gillard and Akers left in February 1982 and were replaced by Jill Yates on keyboards, April saw the release of Reverie, a four-track EP on Resonant Records. By mid-year Sinclair had left again, and Martyn P, Casey joined the band on bass guitar in September 1982. For $150 a night, The Triffids services as an act were procured by The Reels, The Sunnyboys, The Church
35.
Born Sandy Devotional
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Born Sandy Devotional is an album by The Triffids, released in March 1986. All the songs on the album were written by David McComb, the album was recorded at Mark Angelo Studios in London in August 1985 with Gil Norton co-producing with the band, and mixed at Amazon Studios in Liverpool in September 1985. The cover photo shows Mandurah, Western Australia — now an urban centre — as it appeared in 1961. When we finished Born Sandy Devotional I knew it was the best thing ever done. The writing was much more autobiographical than anything I’d done before, I found myself almost following the idea of fidelity as a complete all-consuming faith, to give you some sort of direction or something. Born Sandy Devotional is the culmination of our efforts trying to capture our more considered lyrical approach with a physical intensity… well not really, David McComb - Born Sandy Devotional reached No.37 on the Australian Album Charts and No.18 on the Swedish Album Charts in 1986. On 12 June 2006, Domino Records released an edition including eight bonus tracks. The bonus tracks were selected by Graham Lee, the album was remastered from the original analogue recordings in Melbourne in February 2006. The remastered edition of Born Sandy Devotional reached No.39 on the Belgium Album Charts in July 2006, on 11 August 2007, SBS in Australia aired a one-hour documentary on the Triffids and Born Sandy Devotional as the 1980s representative of their Great Australian Albums series. In October 2010 it was listed at No.5 in the book 100 Best Australian Albums, all songs written by David McComb. The 107 and When a Man Turns Bad run into each other on the recording, probably accidentally. When a Man Turns Bad -4,35 Of the Plaza -2,40, according to the album liner notes it appeared once in an early list of possible songs for Born Sandy Devotional. White Shawl -1,08, Was also found on the cassette as the previous track. Convent Walls -4,04, A song that appeared in early track lists for Born Sandy Devotional but was relegated to B side status. Recorded in Albert Studios in Sydney,1985 with Margaret Labi guesting on backing vocals and this version of the song was recorded live by Mitch Jones on 23 November 1985 at the Graphic Arts Club in Sydney and mixed by Rob Muir in Perth. Born Sandy Devotional -5,07, This version has been reworked, as it only appeared as a truncated version on the album. Wish to See No More -1,59, This is another song that was listed for inclusion on Born Sandy Devotional, tender Is the Night Alt. vers. -3,40, Was recorded on the cassette as the first two songs, The 107 and When a Man Turns Bad, with McComb and Birt singing this as a duet
36.
The Easybeats
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The Easybeats were an Australian rock band which formed in Sydney, Australia, in late 1964, and disbanded at the end of 1969. The band formed at the former Villawood Migrant Hostel, later renamed the Villawood Detention Centre, the families of the band members spent their first years in Australia housed at the Villawood Migrant Hostel in the early and mid-sixties. The Easybeats began their career in late 1964 at the teen hangout, Beatle Village, located in the basement of a pub at Taylor Square on Oxford Street, in Darlinghurst. The band was inspired by the British Invasion spearheaded by the Beatles, the Easybeats quickly rose to become one of the most popular groups in the city. Real estate agent turned pop music entrepreneur Mike Vaughan took over as their manager, through his efforts, they were signed to a contract with Albert Productions, one of Australias first independent record production companies. The company was established by Ted Albert whose family owned J. Albert & Sons, Albert signed the band to a recording contract with EMIs Parlophone label. The group recorded a number of songs at the abandoned 2UW Theatre, owned by the parent company of Albert Productions, J. Albert and they chose the bluesy For My Woman as their first single. It was picked up by local radio Sydney radio and proved to be a minor hit, although For My Woman gained them some attention, the band felt they needed a more uptempo song to break through commercially. Their next single, Shes So Fine, gave them commercial success, reaching #3 on the Australian charts. Their concerts and public appearances were marked by intense fan hysteria similar to Beatlemania. The bands follow-up single, the high-energy Wedding Ring, released on 26 August, was also a hit, on 23 September 1965, the group released their first album Easy. It was one of the earliest albums of all material that was written by an Australia rock group. Most of the songs were written by the already established songwriters, vocalist Stevie Wright. For the next single, Sad and Lonely and Blue, the returned to the blues based feel of For My Woman. However, like For My Woman, it failed to make the top 10, both Wedding Ring and Sad and Lonely and Blue were included on the groups second album, Its 2 Easy, released 24 March 1966. The lead singles from album, Women and Come and See Her, put the group back in the top 10, reaching #4. The Wright-Young song-writing team also wrote songs for artists, including Step Back. In early 1966, while the group were still touring Australia, their manager, Mike Vaughan, despite an initial lack of interest, Vaughan was able to convince United Artists Records to sign the band
37.
Paul Kelly (Australian musician)
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Paul Maurice Kelly AO is an Australian rock music singer-songwriter, guitarist, and harmonica player. He has performed solo, and has led numerous groups, including the Dots, the Coloured Girls, and he has worked with other artists and groups, including associated projects Professor Ratbaggy and Stardust Five. Kellys music style has ranged from bluegrass to studio-oriented dub reggae, but his core output straddles folk, rock and his lyrics capture the vastness of the culture and landscape of Australia by chronicling life about him for over 30 years. David Fricke from Rolling Stone calls Kelly one of the finest songwriters I have ever heard, Kelly has said, Song writing is mysterious to me. I still feel like a total beginner, I dont feel like I have got it nailed yet. After growing up in Adelaide, Kelly travelled around Australia before settling in Melbourne in 1976 and he became involved in the pub rock scene and drug culture, and recorded two albums with Paul Kelly and the Dots. Kelly moved to Sydney by 1985, where he formed Paul Kelly, the band was renamed Paul Kelly and the Messengers, initially only for international releases, to avoid possible racist interpretations. At the end of the 1980s, Kelly returned to Melbourne, Kelly has been married and divorced twice, he has three children and resides in St Kilda, a suburb of Melbourne. Dan Kelly, his nephew, is a singer and guitarist in his own right, Dan performed with Kelly on Ways and Means and Stolen Apples. Both were members of Stardust Five, which released an album in 2006. His biographical film, Paul Kelly, Stories of Me, directed by Ian Darling, was released to cinemas in October 2012, Kellys Top 40 singles include Billy Baxter, Before Too Long, Darling It Hurts, To Her Door, Dumb Things, and Roll on Summer. Top-20 albums include Gossip, Under the Sun, Comedy, Songs from the South. Nothing but a Dream, Kelly has won ten Australian Recording Industry Association Music Awards, including his induction into their Hall of Fame in 1997. In 2001 the Australasian Performing Rights Association listed the Top 30 Australian songs of all time, which included Kellys To Her Door, aside from Treaty, Kelly has written or co-written several songs on Indigenous Australian social issues and historical events. He has provided songs for other artists, tailoring them to their particular vocal range. The album Women at the Well from 2002 had 14 female artists record his songs in tribute, Paul Maurice Kelly was born on 13 January 1955 in Adelaide, to John Erwin Kelly, a lawyer, and Josephine, the sixth of eight surviving children. According to Rip It Up magazine, legend has it that Kellys mother gave birth to him in a taxi outside North Adelaides Calvary Hospital and he is the great great grandson of Jeremiah Kelly, who emigrated from Ireland in 1852 and settled in Clare, South Australia. His paternal grandfather, Francis Kelly, established a law firm in 1917, John Kelly died in 1968 at the age of 52, after being diagnosed with Parkinsons disease three years earlier. Paul Kelly was thirteen years old when his father died, Kelly described his father, I have good memories, he was the kind of father that, well, I missed him when he died very much
38.
Gossip (album)
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Gossip is the double LP debut album by Australian rock group Paul Kelly and the Coloured Girls. Produced by Alan Thorne and Paul Kelly, it was released on Mushroom Records in September 1986, which peaked at No.15 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart, and achieved gold record status. There was commercial success for Before Too Long which peaked at No.15, Darling It Hurts peaked at No.19 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Chart in 1987. The initial 1987 Australian CD release contained 21 tracks, in 2005, in October 2010, it was listed at No.7 in the book,100 Best Australian Albums. After relocating from Melbourne to Sydney in 1985, Paul Kelly had recorded and released a solo album Post, through a joke based on Lou Reeds song Walk on the Wild Side, the band became known as Paul Kelly and the Coloured Girls. Their first release was From St Kilda to Kings Cross but it did not chart, the line-up of the Coloured Girls changed rapidly with some stability late in 1985 as Barclay, Bull, Connolly and Schofield. Stuart Coupe, Kellys manager, advised him to sign with Regular Records due to difficulty re-signing with Mushrooms Michael Gudinski, in September 1986 Paul Kelly and the Coloured Girls released the 24-track double LP Gossip. Gossip peaked at No.15 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Charts, with chart success for Before Too Long which peaked at No.15. A single LP version of Gossip featuring 15 tracks was released in North America, due to possible racist connotations the band changed its name, for international releases, to Paul Kelly and the Messengers. They made an American tour, initially supporting Crowded House and then head-lining, travelling across the United States by bus, Darling It Hurts peaked at No.19 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart in 1987. The New York Times rock critic, John Pareles wrote Mr. Kelly sang one smart, following the bands performance at the Bottom Line Club in New York. All tracks written by Paul Kelly unless otherwise indicated, Art work Cover Art — Ann Redmond Photography — Wayne OFarrell
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Hi Fi Way
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Hi Fi Way is an album by the Australian rock band, You Am I, released in 1995. In 2008, it was voted the sixth greatest Australian album of all time in The Age newspapers 50 Greatest Aussie Albums poll, in October 2010, it was listed at No.8 in the book,100 Best Australian Albums. Hi Fi Way was You Am Is first release with new drummer Rusty Hopkinson after the departure of former drummer Mark Tunaley, the album included the singles Cathys Clown, Jewels and Bullets and Purple Sneakers. Tim Rogers later said of the album, I was really high and my ambition for it was always huge, but were more suited to a scrappier sounding thing, with the way that I sing and play guitar. We had seven days to make it, living in New York, rolling Stone Australia said the album was, a truly exceptional album, topping many peoples list for Best of the Year. Tim Rogers has an ear for melody, a telling eye for detail
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Skyhooks (band)
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Skyhooks were an Australian rock band formed in Melbourne in March 1973 by mainstays Greg Macainsh on bass guitar and backing vocals, and Imants Freddie Strauks on drums. They were soon joined by Bob Bongo Starkie on guitar and backing vocals, according to music historian, Ian McFarlane made an enormous impact on Australian social life. Skyhooks had #1 albums on the Australian Kent Music Report with their 1974 debut, Living in the 70s and their #1 singles were Horror Movie and Jukebox in Siberia. Symons left Skyhooks in 1977 and became a radio and television personality, Strachan had solo releases since 1976 and finally left the band in 1978 and was also a radio and television presenter. With altered line-ups, Skyhooks continued until disbanded on 8 June 1980. In 1992, Skyhooks were inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association Hall of Fame, lead singer, Strachan died on 29 August 2001, aged 49, in a helicopter crash while solo piloting. Their original lead singer, Steve Hill, died in October 2005, aged 52, in 2011, the Skyhooks album Living in the 70s was added to the National Film and Sound Archive of Australias Sounds of Australia registry. Greg Macainsh and Imants Freddie Strauks both attended Norwood High School in the Melbourne suburb of Ringwood and formed Spare Parts in 1966 with Macainsh on bass guitar, Spare Parts was followed by Sound Pump in 1968, Macainsh formed Reuben Tice in Eltham, with Tony Williams on vocals. By 1970 Macainsh was back with Strauks, now on drums, first in Claptrap, Frame also included Pat OBrien on guitar and Cynthio Ooms on guitar. Strachan had befriended Strauks earlier—he sang with Strauks on the way to parties—and was asked to join Claptrap which was renamed as Frame, Strachan stayed in Frame for about 18 months but left for a career in carpentry and a hobby of surfing in Phillip Island. The name, Skyhooks, came from an organisation in the 1956 film Earth vs. the Flying Saucers. Their first gig was on 16 April 1973 at St Judes Church hall in Carlton, at a later gig, former Daddy Cool frontman, Ross Wilson was playing in his group Mighty Kong with Skyhooks as a support act. Wilson was impressed with the band and signed Macainsh to a publishing deal. In August, Bob Bongo Starkie on guitar replaced his older brother Peter and Ingliss was replaced by Red Symons on guitar, vocals, the two new members added a touch of theatre and humour to the bands visual presence. By late 1973, Wilson had convinced Michael Gudinski to sign the band to his agency, Australian Entertainment Exchange. Two tracks from their set, Hey Whats the Matter. After seeing his performance on TV, Hill phoned Macainsh and resigned, to replace Hill, in March, Macainsh recruited occasional singer, surfer and carpenter Strachan from his Frame era. Strachan had been dubbed Shirley by fellow surfers due to his blond hair a la Shirley Temple
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Living in the 70's
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Living in the 70s is the debut album by Melbourne band Skyhooks. Released in October 1974 on the Mushroom Records label, the album achieved little success until early 1975. It spent 16 weeks at the top of the Australian album charts from late February 1975, in October 2010, it was listed at No.9 in the book 100 Best Australian Albums. The album was produced by former Daddy Cool lead singer Ross Wilson, Two singles were lifted from the album, Living in the 70s/Youre a Broken Gin Bottle, Baby and Horror Movie/Carlton. The latter spent 2 weeks at the top of the Australian singles chart in 1975, Broken Gin Bottle, the B-side of the original Living in the 70s single, was included as track 11 on the 2004 CD remaster. In 2011 the album featured at number 75 on the Triple J Hottest 100 Albums of All Time, in the same year, the album was added to the National Film and Sound Archive of Australias Sounds of Australia registry. All tracks written by Greg Macainsh, except where noted, Side One Living in the 70s –3,42 Whatever Happened to the Revolution. –4,08 Balwyn Calling –3,44 Horror Movie –3,47 You Just Like Me Cos Im Good in Bed –3,44 Side Two Carlton –3,56 Toorak Cowboy –3,45 Smut –5,19 Hey, Whats the Matter. –2,47 Motorcycle Bitch –3,5611, Broken Gin Bottle –4,14 Earlier CD versions contain a live version of Saturday Night and a version of Why Dontcha All Get Fucked, but the above version is todays standard
