1.
BBC
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The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, the BBC is the worlds oldest national broadcasting organisation and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees. It employs over 20,950 staff in total,16,672 of whom are in public sector broadcasting, the total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, and fixed contract staff are included. The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBCs radio, TV, britains first live public broadcast from the Marconi factory in Chelmsford took place in June 1920. It was sponsored by the Daily Mails Lord Northcliffe and featured the famous Australian Soprano Dame Nellie Melba, the Melba broadcast caught the peoples imagination and marked a turning point in the British publics attitude to radio. However, this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By late 1920, pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licensing authority, the General Post Office, was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts. But by 1922, the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests, John Reith, a Scottish Calvinist, was appointed its General Manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the company made its first official broadcast. The company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved manufacturers, to this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate and entertain. The financial arrangements soon proved inadequate, set sales were disappointing as amateurs made their own receivers and listeners bought rival unlicensed sets. By mid-1923, discussions between the GPO and the BBC had become deadlocked and the Postmaster-General commissioned a review of broadcasting by the Sykes Committee and this was to be followed by a simple 10 shillings licence fee with no royalty once the wireless manufactures protection expired. The BBCs broadcasting monopoly was made explicit for the duration of its current broadcast licence, the BBC was also banned from presenting news bulletins before 19.00, and required to source all news from external wire services. Mid-1925 found the future of broadcasting under further consideration, this time by the Crawford committee, by now the BBC under Reiths leadership had forged a consensus favouring a continuation of the unified broadcasting service, but more money was still required to finance rapid expansion. Wireless manufacturers were anxious to exit the loss making consortium with Reith keen that the BBC be seen as a service rather than a commercial enterprise. The recommendations of the Crawford Committee were published in March the following year and were still under consideration by the GPO when the 1926 general strike broke out in May. The strike temporarily interrupted newspaper production and with restrictions on news bulletins waived the BBC suddenly became the source of news for the duration of the crisis. The crisis placed the BBC in a delicate position, the Government was divided on how to handle the BBC but ended up trusting Reith, whose opposition to the strike mirrored the PMs own
2.
London
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London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
3.
Mexico
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Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern half of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States, to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean, to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea, and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometers, Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area, Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city. Other metropolises include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana, pre-Columbian Mexico was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations, such as the Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec, Maya and Aztec before first contact with Europeans. In 1521, the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Three centuries later, this territory became Mexico following recognition in 1821 after the colonys Mexican War of Independence. The tumultuous post-independence period was characterized by instability and many political changes. The Mexican–American War led to the cession of the extensive northern borderlands, one-third of its territory. The Pastry War, the Franco-Mexican War, a civil war, the dictatorship was overthrown in the Mexican Revolution of 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the countrys current political system. Mexico has the fifteenth largest nominal GDP and the eleventh largest by purchasing power parity, the Mexican economy is strongly linked to those of its North American Free Trade Agreement partners, especially the United States. Mexico was the first Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and it is classified as an upper-middle income country by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country by several analysts. By 2050, Mexico could become the fifth or seventh largest economy. The country is considered both a power and middle power, and is often identified as an emerging global power. Due to its culture and history, Mexico ranks first in the Americas. Mexico is a country, ranking fourth in the world by biodiversity. In 2015 it was the 9th most visited country in the world, Mexico is a member of the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the G8+5, the G20, the Uniting for Consensus and the Pacific Alliance. Mēxihco is the Nahuatl term for the heartland of the Aztec Empire, namely, the Valley of Mexico, and its people, the Mexica and this became the future State of Mexico as a division of New Spain prior to independence. It is generally considered to be a toponym for the valley became the primary ethnonym for the Aztec Triple Alliance as a result. After New Spain won independence from Spain, representatives decided to name the new country after its capital and this was founded in 1524 on top of the ancient Mexica capital of Mexico-Tenochtitlan
4.
2012 Delhi gang rape
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The 2012 Delhi gang rape case involved a rape and fatal assault that occurred on 16 December 2012 in Munirka, a neighbourhood in South Delhi. There were six others in the bus, including the driver, all of whom raped the woman, eleven days after the assault, she was transferred to a hospital in Singapore for emergency treatment, but died from her injuries two days later. The incident generated widespread national and international coverage and was widely condemned, similar protests took place in major cities throughout the country. All the accused were arrested and charged with assault and murder. One of the accused, Ram Singh, died in custody from possible suicide on 11 March 2013 in the Tihar Jail. According to some published reports, the police say Ram Singh hanged himself, the rest of the accused went on trial in a fast-track court, the prosecution finished presenting its evidence on 8 July 2013. The juvenile was convicted of rape and murder and given the sentence of three years imprisonment in a reform facility. On 10 September 2013, the four remaining adult defendants were guilty of rape and murder. On 13 March 2014, Delhi High Court in the reference case and hearing appeals against the conviction by the lower Court, upheld the guilty verdict. After considering about 80,000 suggestions, the committee submitted a report indicated that failures on the part of the government. In 2013, the Criminal Law Ordinance,2013 was promulgated by President Pranab Mukherjee, several new laws were passed, a BBC documentary titled Indias Daughter based on the attack was broadcast in the UK on 4 March 2015. Indian-Canadian filmmaker Deepa Mehtas 2016 film Anatomy of Violence was also based on the incident, exploring the social conditions and values in Indian society that made it possible. The victims, a 23-year-old woman, Jyoti Singh, and her friend, Awindra Pratap Pandey, were returning home on the night of 16 December 2012 after watching the film Life of Pi in Saket, South Delhi. They boarded an off-duty charter bus at Munirka for Dwarka that was being driven by joyriders at about 9,30 pm, There were only six others on the bus, including the driver. One of the men, a minor, had called for passengers telling them that the bus was going towards their destination, Pandey became suspicious when the bus deviated from its normal route and its doors were shut. When he objected, the group of six men already on board, including the driver, taunted the couple, during the argument, a scuffle ensued between Pandey and the group of men. He was beaten, gagged and knocked unconscious with an iron rod, the men then dragged Jyoti to the rear of the bus, beating her with the rod and raping her while the bus driver continued to drive. That rod was later described by police as being a rusted, L-shaped implement of the used as a wheel jack handle
5.
Amy Cuddy
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Cuddy is an Associate Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School, in the Negotiation, Organizations & Markets Unit. Her TED talk, delivered at TEDGlobal 2012 in Edinburgh, Scotland, Cuddy has studied the origins and outcomes of how people judge and influence each other. In December 2015 Cuddy published the book, Presence, Bringing Your Boldest Self to Your Biggest Challenges, as a lecturer Cuddy has spoken about the psychology of power, influence, nonverbal communication, and prejudice. Cuddy graduated from Conrad Weiser High School, Cuddy holds a PhD in Social Psychology from Princeton University, an MA in Social Psychology from Princeton University and a BA in Social Psychology from the University of Colorado. At Harvard Business School, she has taught MBA courses on negotiation, along with Susan Fiske and Peter Glick, Cuddy developed the Stereotype Content Model and the Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes Map. Cuddy carried out an experiment with Dana Carney and Andy Yap on how nonverbal expressions of power affect people’s feelings, behaviors and this was widely reported in popular media. David Brooks summarized the findings, “If you act powerfully, you begin to think powerfully. In 2014, Eva Ranehill and other researchers tried to replicate this experiment with a group of participants. Ranehill et al. found that power posing increased subjective feelings of power and they published their results in Psychological Science. Carney, Cuddy, & Yap responded in the issue of Psychological Science. Almost all had reported significant effects of some kind, the overview noted methodological differences between their 2010 study and the Ranehill replication, which may have moderated the effects of posing. Two researchers at the Wharton School, Simmons & Simonsohn, later shared a meta-analysis of the same 33 studies on their statistics blog. Based on the distribution of p-values reported across the studies, they concluded that studies so far have demonstrated little to no effect of power posing. ”The book reached at least as high as #3 on The New York Times Best Seller list. Cuddy also wrote a book, translated into the German language, Dein Körper spricht für dich and she is a classically trained ballet dancer and worked as a roller-skating waitress when she was an undergraduate at the University of Colorado at Boulder. When she was a sophomore in college she sustained a head injury in a car accident. Her doctors told her she was not likely to fully recover and her IQ fell temporarily by two standard deviations, which is about 30 points in IQ test. She eventually completed her studies and went on to earn a PhD at Princeton. Cuddy has often tweeted of her love for music
6.
Michelle Mone, Baroness Mone
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Michelle Georgina Mone, Baroness Mone, OBE is a British entrepreneur, global speaker, designer, innovator and parliamentarian. She was awarded an OBE for her contribution to business in 2010 by Her Majesty the Queen. She was appointed to conduct a 2 part government review for the PM David Cameron on business start-ups in deprived areas, born in 1971, Michelle Allan grew up in Glasgows East End. She left school aged 15 to help support her mother and father after her father was confined to a wheelchair, Mone is an only child after losing her younger brother to Spina Bifida. Michelle Allan went on to marry Michael Mone aged 19 and 20 years later got divorced after having 3 children, Rebecca, Declan, Mone strived to return to employment and obtained a marketing job with the Labatt brewing company. Within two years she had risen to become its head of marketing in Scotland, Michelle was made redundant by Labatt prompting her to set up her own business. She has since admitted that she exaggerated qualifications on her CV in order to get the job, while wearing a very uncomfortable cleavage enhancing brassière at a dinner dance, Mone realised she could improve the design. Her stated aims were to create a brassière that was more comfortable and better looking, whilst enhancing more cleavage. Mone had read about a new product while on holiday in Florida. In November 1996 with her husband Michael she founded MJM International, in August 1999, Mone launched Ultimo at Selfridges department store in London. The couple built up MJM firm a into £39m business, Mone ranks among the UKs most successful businesswomen and her designs can still be found in department stores worldwide. Following the breakdown of her relationship with her husband, Mone left the company briefly in 2013 and she then bought her husband out of MJM International. The business was transferred to a new joint venture company Ultimo Brands International Ltd, MJM International was then wound up. In November 2014, Mone sold down her stake in Ultimo Brands International to 20% to partner MAS Holdings, and established fake-tan company UTan & Tone. In August 2015, Lady Mone resigned her directorships of both MJM International Ltd and Ultimo Brands International Ltd citing that she had Hung up her bra and sold 80% of Ultimo”. Mone described her 17 years of building up the Ultimo brand as a coaster ride. Lady Mone has since launched tanning brand UTan And Tone, has a 5% share in new tech start-up business Social Superstore, Mone is one of the highest paid business speakers in the UK seeking up to £25,000 per speech within the UK. Mone is set to tour the globe with Success Resources, the company who tour with Tony Robins
7.
Susi Pudjiastuti
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Susi Pudjiastuti is an Indonesian entrepreneur. She is Indonesias Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries under President Joko Widodos 2014-2019 Working Cabinet and she is also the owner of PT ASI Pudjiastuti Marine Product, a seafood export company, and PT ASI Pudjiastuti Aviation, which operates Susi Air charter airline. Pudjiastuti was born January 15,1965, in Pangandaran, West Java and she is Javanese, but her family are fifth-generation settlers of Pangandaran which is predominantly Sundanese. Her family business engaged primarily in real estate and livestock trade, Pudjiastuti is the first Indonesian minister to have never completed a High School education. Susi Pudjiastuti has three children, Panji Hilmansyah, Nadine Kaiser, and Alvy Xavier and her first son, Panji Hilmansyah, died aged 31 at January 2016 in Florida due to heart failure. Susi is divorced and is known to have tattoos and be a chain-smoker, in 1983 Pudjiastuti embarked on a career as an entrepreneur, starting as a seafood distributor at a Fish Auction Facility in Pangandaran. Her distributorship evolved into a processing plant in 1996 named PT ASI Pudjiastuti Marine Product which specialized in export-quality lobsters packaged as Susi Brand. PT ASI Pudjiastuti Marine Product expanded and began exporting its products to Asia, the growing demand for PT ASI Pudjiastuti Marine Products fresh seafood lead to rapid air transport as a necessity for the business. In 2004, Pudjiastuti acquired a Cessna 208 Caravan and established PT ASI Pudjiastuti Aviation, the Cessna was given the call-sign Susi Air and was used to transport fresh Indonesian seafood to Jakarta as well as overseas to Singapore, Hong Kong, and Japan. During this period, Susi Air was routinely chartered in Aceh by NGOs for humanitarian relief missions, the revenues earned from the NGO Aceh missions enabled Susi Air to acquire new airplanes and expand its fleet to routes in Papua and Kalimantan. Prior to accepting her appointment, Pudjiastuti relinquished her position as President Director of PT ASI Pudjiastuti Marine Product, on 16 September 2016, WWF awarded her as one of the Leaders for a Living Planet Award
8.
Teen Vogue
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Teen Vogue is a US magazine which was launched in 2004 as a sister publication to Vogue, targeted at teenage girls. Like Vogue, it includes stories about fashion and celebrities, since 2015, the magazine has moved its focus away from shopping and fashion features into more topical content, including politics and current affairs. Teen Vogue was established in 2003, as a spinoff of Vogue, the magazine is published in a smaller 6¾x9 format to afford it more visibility on shelves and some flexibility getting into a digest size slot at checkout stands. In May 2016, Elaine Welteroth was appointed as editor, replacing the founding editor-in-chief Amy Astley and her appointment at 29 saw her become the youngest editor-in-chief in Condé Nasts history, and the second African-American. She works closely with digital editorial director Phillip Picardi and creative director Marie Suter, in November 2016, it was announced Teen Vogue would start publishing quarterly, following the Dec/Jan 2017 issue. In December 2016, the published an opinion article by Lauren Duca. List of Teen Vogue cover models Official website Teen Vogue – magazine profile at Fashion Model Directory
9.
Ira Trivedi
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Ira Trivedi is an Indian born author, columnist, and yoga acharya. Her works include India in Love, Marriage and Sexuality in the 21st century, the Great Indian Love Story and Theres No Love on Wall Street. She writes both fiction and non fiction and her non fiction and journalism focus on issues of women and gender in India. Her recent book My Book of Yoga, a book of yoga for children introducing the character of Om the Yoga Dog, India in Love, Marriage and Sexuality in the 21st Century is a 2014 non-fiction book about Indias new social revolution in marriage and sexuality. India in Love is her first work of non-fiction, and it is divided into two parts, sexuality, and marriage, Trivedi wrote this book when she was 18 years old. Written from the perspective of Riya, a contestant in the pageant, though a work of fiction, it draws inspiration from real-life characters, many of whom are painted vividly in the book. It has also been termed as An entertaining first novel, with an analysis of the social phenomenon known as South Bombay. The Great Indian Love story is a satire on Delhi high society. The book begins with Riya, returning to New Delhi after failing to find a job in the US after finishing college, in Delhi, Riya meets Serena, a troubled young woman whom she befriends and through whose eyes Riya sees Delhis high life and its accompanying dark side. As an intern at Goldenstein Smith, Riya works long, tedious hours, gets caught up in an insider trading scam and she finds solace in an unreachable love, Jonathan, a Vice President at Goldenstein Smith. This book took five years of planning and writing, revealed Trivedi, during her talk at the literary festival of IIT Delhi. When asked about her fascination with the name Riya, Trivedi said that such a fascination did not exist, Theres no Love on Wall Street was released at the Jaipur Literature Festival. Theres no Love on Wall Street was released at the Jaipur Literature Festival by Pulitzer Prize winning author Junot Diaz, according to a DNA review, the books microscopic look at banking is severely convincing. Plus, the BlackBerry is where it belongs, in banking. Ira did an internship at investment bank JP Morgan Chase in the summer of 2005 and my Book of Yoga was released on the International Yoga Day,21 June 2016. The book covers asanas, pranayama and mindfulness practices for children, the book introduces the characters of Om the yoga dog, Prana the frog and Moksha the meditating elephant. Her writing is mostly on issues of gender and culture in India, Trivedi regularly appears on news channels in India and internationally speaking on issues of gender, women and youth. She speaks at colleges across India, including Indian Institutes of Management, Indian Institutes of Technology and she has delivered a TED talk and several TEDx talks, Iras father Vishwapati Trivedi has held several senior positions in the Indian Government including Chairman of Air India
10.
Michelle Bachelet
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Verónica Michelle Bachelet Jeria is a Chilean politician who has been President of Chile since 11 March 2014. She was previously president from 2006 to 2010, becoming the first woman in her country to do so, in December 2013, Bachelet was re-elected president with over 62% of the vote, bettering the 53. 5% she obtained in 2006. She is the first person since 1932 to win the presidency of Chile twice in competitive elections, Bachelet, a physician with studies in military strategy, was Health Minister and Defense Minister under her predecessor, Ricardo Lagos. She is a mother of three and describes herself as an agnostic. Aside from her native Spanish, she speaks, with varying levels of fluency, English, German, Portuguese. She is a member of the Socialist Party of Chile, Bachelet is the second child of archaeologist Ángela Jeria Gômez and Air Force Brigadier General Alberto Bachelet Martínez. He married Lely Johnson, the daughter of an English physician working in Chile and their son, Máximo Jeria Johnson, married Angela Gómez Zamora. Their union produced five children, the fourth of whom is Bachelet’s mother, Bachelet was born in La Cisterna, a middle class suburb of Santiago. She was named after French actress Michèle Morgan, Bachelet spent many of her childhood years traveling around her native Chile, moving with her family from one military base to another. She lived and attended school in Quintero, Cerro Moreno, Antofagasta. In 1962 she moved with her family to the United States and her family lived for almost two years in Bethesda, Maryland, where she attended Western Junior High School and learned to speak English fluently. Returning to Chile in 1964, she graduated high school in 1969 at Liceo Nº1 Javiera Carrera. In 1970, after obtaining a high score in the university admission test, she entered medical school at the University of Chile. She originally intended to study sociology or economics, but was prevailed upon by her father to study medicine instead and she has said she opted for medicine because it was a concrete way of helping people cope with pain and a way to contribute to improve health in Chile. Facing growing food shortages, the government of Salvador Allende placed Bachelets father in charge of the Food Distribution Office, when General Augusto Pinochet suddenly came to power via the 11 September 1973 coup détat, Bachelets father was detained at the Air War Academy under charges of treason. Following months of torture at Santiagos Public Prison, he suffered a cardiac arrest that resulted in his death on 12 March 1974. In 2013 Bachelet revealed she had been interrogated by DINA chief Manuel Contreras there, some days later, Bachelet was transferred to Cuatro Álamos detention center, where she was held until the end of January. Thanks to the assistance of Roberto Kozak, Bachelet was able to go into exile in Australia, of her torture, Bachelet said in 2004 that it was nothing in comparison to what others suffered
11.
Peggy Whitson
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Peggy Annette Whitson is an American biochemistry researcher, NASA astronaut, and former NASA Chief Astronaut. Her first space mission was in 2002, with a stay aboard the International Space Station as a member of Expedition 5. Her second mission launched October 10,2007, as the first female commander of the ISS with Expedition 16, with her two long-duration stays aboard the ISS, Whitson is NASAs most experienced female astronaut, with just over 376 days in space, as of her second mission. This also places her twenty-ninth among all space flyers and she is currently in space on her third long-duration space flight as part of the crew of Expedition 50, and will command Expedition 51. The flight of Space Shuttle mission STS-120, commanded by astronaut Pam Melroy, was the first time two female mission commanders have been in orbit at the same time. Whitsons cumulative EVA time is 53 hours,22 minutes, which placed her in 5th place for total EVA time, in 2017, Whitson will become the first female astronaut to command the International Space Station twice. Whitson was born in Mount Ayr, Iowa, and grew up on a farm outside the town of Beaconsfield. Whitson graduated from Mount Ayr Community High School in 1978 and received a bachelor of degree in biology. She is married to Clarence F. Sams, Ph. D, following her fellowship at Rice, she began working at Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, as a National Research Council Resident Research Associate. From April 1988 until September 1989, Whitson served as the Supervisor for the Biochemistry Research Group at KRUG International, in 1997, Whitson began a position as adjunct assistant professor at Rice University in the Maybee Laboratory for Biochemical and Genetic Engineering. From 1989 to 1993, Whitson worked as a research biochemist in the Biomedical Operations, from 1991 to 1993, she served as technical monitor of the Biochemistry Research Laboratories in the Biomedical Operations and Research Branch. From 1991 through 1992, she was the payload element developer for Bone Cell Research Experiment aboard SL-J, in 1992, she was named the project scientist of the Shuttle-Mir Program, and served in this capacity until the conclusion of the Phase 1A Program in 1995. From 1993 through 1996, Whitson held the additional responsibilities of the deputy chief of the Medical Sciences Division at NASA-JSC. From 1995–1996, she served as co-chair of the U. S. -Russian Mission Science Working Group, in April 1996, Whitson was selected as an astronaut candidate and started training in August 1996. In June 2003, Whitson served as the commander of the NEEMO5 mission aboard the Aquarius underwater laboratory, from November 2003 to March 2005, she served as deputy chief of the Astronaut Office. From March 2005 to November 2005, she served as chief of the Station Operations Branch, Whitson trained as the backup ISS commander for Expedition 14 from November 2005 through September 2006, and as the ISS commander for Expedition 16, launched October 2007, on the Soyuz TMA-11. During Expedition 16 she surpassed Sunita Williams for woman with the most spacewalks, Whitson served as Chief of the Astronaut Office until July 2012 and, as such, was responsible for mission preparation activities of International Space Station crews and their support personnel. The Expedition 5 crew launched on June 5,2002, aboard STS-111, Whitson was named the first NASA science officer during her stay, and she conducted 21 investigations in human life sciences and microgravity sciences, as well as commercial payloads
12.
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
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Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala is a Nigerian politician. She served two terms as Finance Minister of Nigeria and was previously Managing Director of the World Bank and she currently chairs the Board of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization and the African Risk Capacity. She is also a Senior Adviser at Lazard, Dr. Okonjo-Iweala is renowned as the first female and black candidate to contest for the presidency of the World Bank Group in 2012. Okonjo-Iweala is from Ogwashi-Ukwu, Delta State, where her father Professor Chukwuka Okonjo is the Eze from the Obahai Royal Family of Ogwashi-Ukwu and she received an International Fellowship from the American Association of University Women that supported her doctoral studies. She is married to Dr. Ikemba Iweala, a neurosurgeon from Umuahia, Abia State, Dr. Okonjo-Iweala served twice as Nigeria’s Finance Minister and also as Minister of Foreign Affairs. She was the first female to hold both positions and she also introduced the practice of publishing each states monthly financial allocation from the Federal Government of Nigeria in the newspapers. This action went a way in increasing transparency in governance. As at 31 December 2014, the IPPIS platform for example had eliminated 62,893 ghost workers from the system, Dr. Okonjo-Iweala was also instrumental in helping Nigeria obtain its first ever sovereign credit rating from Fitch Ratings and Standard & Poors in 2006. Following her first term as Minister of Finance, she returned to the World Bank as a Managing Director in December 2007, Dr. Okonjo-Iweala had also previously spent the first 21 years of her career as a development economist at the World Bank. As Managing Director, she had responsibility for the World Bank’s $81 billion operational portfolio in Africa, South Asia, Europe. Dr. Okonjo-Iweala spearheaded several World Bank initiatives to assist low-income countries during the 2008 –2009 food crises and later during the financial crisis. In 2010, she was chair of the IDA replenishment, World Bank’s successful drive to raise $49.3 billion in grants, in 2011, Okonjo-Iweala was reappointed as Minister of Finance in Nigeria with the expanded portfolio of the Coordinating Minister for the Economy by President Goodluck Jonathan. Her legacy includes strengthening Nigeria’s public financial systems, stimulating the housing sector with the establishment of the Nigerian Mortgage Refinance Corporation and this program has been evaluated by the World Bank as one of the most effective programmes of its kind globally. Under her leadership, the National Bureau of Statistics carried out an exercise, the first in 24 years. She took a lot of heat, more-so than any government official for the fuel subsidy removal policy by the Nigerian government which led to protests in January 2012. In May 2016, the new Nigerian administration eventually removed the fuel subsidy after it became apparent that it was unsustainable, in September 2015, she joined Lazard as a Senior Advisor and in January 2016 she was appointed Chair of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization. Dr. Okonjo-Iweala is Chair of the Board of the African Unions African Risk Capacity, previously, she served as the co-Chair of the Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation and Chair of the World Bank’s Development Committee. She has served on the board of the Clinton Global Initiative
13.
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
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Ellen Johnson Sirleaf is a Liberian politician who has served as the 24th and current President of Liberia since 2006. Sirleaf is the first elected head of state in Africa. Sirleaf was born in Monrovia to a Gola father and Kru-German mother and she was educated at the College of West Africa before moving to the United States where she studied at Madison Business College and Harvard University. She returned to Liberia to work in William Tolberts government as Assistant Minister of Finance from 1973–74, after Samuel Doe seized power in a coup détat and executed Tolbert, Sirleaf fled to the U. S. She worked for the World Bank before moving to Nairobi, where she worked for Citibank and she placed second in the 1997 presidential election won by Charles Taylor. She won the 2005 presidential election and took office on 16 January 2006, in June 2016, she was elected as the Chair of the Economic Community of West African States, making her the first woman to occupy that position since it was formed. Sirleaf was jointly awarded the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize with Leymah Gbowee of Liberia, the women were recognized for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for womens rights to full participation in peace-building work. Sirleaf was conferred the Indira Gandhi Prize by President of India Pranab Mukherjee on 12 September 2013, as of 2016, she is listed as the 83rd most powerful woman in the world by Forbes. Sirleafs father was Gola and her mother had mixed Kru and German ancestry, while not Americo-Liberian in terms of ancestry, Sirleaf is considered culturally Americo-Liberian by some observers or assumed to be Americo-Liberian. However, Sirleaf does not identify as such, Sirleafs father, Jahmale Carney Johnson, was born into an impoverished rural region. He was the son of a minor Gola chief named Jahmale and one of his wives, Jenneh, in Julijuah, Bomi County. Her father was sent to Monrovia, where he changed his surname to Johnson due to his fathers loyalty to President Hilary R. W. Johnson and he grew up in Monrovia, where he was raised by an Americo-Liberian family with the surname McCritty. Sirleafs father later became the first Liberian from an ethnic group to sit in the countrys national legislature. Sirleafs mother was born into poverty in Greenville. Her grandmother, Juah Sarwee, sent Sirleafs mother to Monrovia when Sirleafs German grandfather had to flee the country after Liberia declared war on Germany during World War I, a member of a prominent Americo-Liberian family, Cecilia Dunbar, adopted and raised Sirleafs mother. Sirleaf was born in Monrovia in 1938 and attended the College of West Africa from 1948 to 1955 and she married James Sirleaf when she was 17 years old, later divorcing in 1960 or 1961 due to his abusive nature. The marriage resulted in four sons and left Sirleaf in the role of homemaker, early on in their marriage, James worked for the Department of Agriculture and Sirleaf worked as a bookkeeper for an auto-repair shop. She traveled with James to the United States in 1961 to continue her studies and earned a degree in accounting at Madison Business College, in Madison
14.
Tiwa Savage
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Tiwatope Savage-Balogun, better known by her stage name Tiwa Savage, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter, performer and actress. She currently has a deal with Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Savage signed a contract with Mavin Records in 2012. Savage also signed a management and publishing deal with Roc Nation in June 2016 and she co-wrote the track Collard Greens & Cornbread off Fantasia Barrinos Grammy-nominated album, Back to Me. Savage was featured on Solar Plexus, a compilation album released by Mavin Records. Her debut studio album, Once Upon a Time, was released on 3 July 2013 and it was supported by the singles Kele Kele Love, Love Me, Without My Heart, Ife Wa Gbona, Folarin, Olorun Mi and Eminado. Savages second studio album, R. E. D, was released on 19 December 2015 and it produced the singles My Darlin, African Waist and If I Start To Talk. Savage sings in English and Yoruba, Tiwa Savage was born in Ikeja, the capital of Lagos State. Her family relocated to London when she was 11 years old, while attending high school, she was a trombone player for her schools orchestra band. Savage had an upbringing, she grew up in a multicultural setting due to her migration from Nigeria to the United Kingdom. After graduating with a degree in Business administration from the University of Kent, furthermore, she has performed on stage with Sting,50 Cent, The Black Eyed Peas, Eminem, Robbie Williams and Destinys Child, to name a few. Savage enrolled at Berklee College of Music and graduated with a degree in music at the age of 27. While reminiscing about her experiences there, she said she was motivated by the drive and she also said she needed the schools atmosphere. Savage spoke briefly on the musicians face during their transition from backup to lead. Her business background has helped her understand the scope of the Nigerian music industry. Savage spoke about her business background and said that her level of professionalism does not make her susceptible to deception, in 2006, Savage participated in the UK edition of The X Factor and advanced to the final 24 while attending the aforementioned music school. While participating in the music competition franchise, she had difficulty dealing with the limelight. Savage was quoted as saying, You have to realize that people are watching. When I got the bad news that I wasnt getting through it was a painful time
15.
Adriana Behar
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Adriana Brandão Behar is one of the most outstanding volleyball players of her generation. She moved to beach volleyball in 1993, after playing in the Brazilian womens national indoor volleyball squad, pairing with Shelda Bede, she has won more than 30 international tournaments of beach volleyball as well as two Olympic medals. Together, they have wo more than 1,000 matches and 114 titles, list of notable Jewish volleyball players
16.
Mithali Raj
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Mithali Dorai Raj is captain of the Indian Womens cricket team in Tests and ODI. She is the second highest run scorer in international cricket. Mithali Raj was born on 3 December 1982 in a Tamil family in Jodhpur, mithalis Mother tongue is Tamil, her father, Dorai Raj, was an officer in the Indian Air Force and her mother is Leela Raj. Mithali started to play the game at the age of 10 and at the age of 17 and her ODI debut was against Ireland at Milton Keynes in the year 1999. She attended St. Johns school, Hyderabad for cricket coaching in her school days along with her elder brother, Mithali practised in Keyes Girls High School, Secunderabad often playing male cricketers in the nets. She has practiced classical dance for eight years and she quit dance to pursue her cricket career, Raj has played both Test and One Day International cricket for Indias womens cricket team. She made her One Day International debut in 1999 against Ireland at Milton Keynes and she made her Test debut in the 2001-02 season against South Africa at Lucknow. The record has since surpassed by Kiran Baluch of Pakistan who scored 242 against West Indies in March 2004. Mithali was taken ill with a strain of typhoid in the CricInfo Womens World Cup in 2002, however, she then led them to their first World Cup final in 2005, in South Africa, where they met Australia who proved just too strong. In August 2006, she led the side to their first ever Test and series victory in England and she led the Indian team to the finals in the Womens Cricket World Cup of 2005 where the team lost to Australia. She is a leg break bowler as well. She is a recipient of the Arjuna award for the year 2003 and she currently tops the batting table with 703 ratings points. Her composure when at the crease and ability to score briskly make her a dangerous cricketer, in addition to her ability with the bat, Mithali rolls her arm over bowling leg-spinners and providing variety to the attack. At the 2013 Womens World Cup, Mithali Raj starred as the No.1 Cricketer in the ODI chart among women. She scored 100s,1 and 50s,4 in Test cricket, 100s,5 and 50s,40 with best bowling of 3/4 in ODIs and 50s,10 in T20s. in February 2017, Raj most matches captained player for india in ODI and T20I. Playing for Railways in the competition, Mithali began by playing with stars like Purnima Rau, Anjum Chopra. Mithali Raj held the record for the highest individual score by an Indian Woman Cricketer in a World Cup match against New Zealand in Womens World Cup 2005, harmanpreet Kaur overtook Mithali Raj by scoring a century in second match of ICC Womens World Cup 2013 against England. Mithali is nicknamed as the Tendulkar of Indian womens cricket, as she is currently the all-time leading run-scorer for India in all formats, including Tests,2003 – Arjuna award, by the Government of India in recognition of her achievement in sports
17.
Steph Houghton
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Stephanie Jayne Houghton, MBE is an English footballer, who both plays for and captains Manchester City and the England womens national football team. Since her debut in 2007, Houghton has played over 50 times for the England national team and she suffered serious injuries immediately before the 2007 World Cup and Euro 2009, but recovered to play in the 2011 World Cup and Euro 2013. She was made England captain in January 2014, Houghton came to prominence at the 2012 London Olympics, scoring three goals in Great Britains four games, including winners against New Zealand and Brazil. At club level Houghton started at Sunderland in her native North East England before moving on to Leeds United in 2007 then Arsenal Ladies in 2010, an extremely versatile player, she broke into the Sunderland team as a striker before moving back into midfield and later into defence. Houghton was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to football and she began her career five years at Sunderland. She helped Sunderland to win promotion from the Northern Division in 2005–06, when Sunderland were relegated that season, Houghton became a target for Arsenal and Everton. She eventually joined Leeds United Ladies, after helping Leeds win the 2010 FA Womens Premier League Cup, Houghton signed for Arsenal in August of that year. In April 2012 Houghton was appointed as one of eight digital media ambassadors, one each team. On 5 December 2013 it was announced that Houghton had signed an agreement to leave Arsenal for new WSL side Manchester City on 1 January 2014, Houghton was involved with England at U16 schools, U19, U20, U21 and U23 level. She was called into the squad for a match against Germany on 25 October 2006. She was a substitute in the 5–1 defeat in Aalen. Houghton made her debut in the match, replacing Emily Westwood after 73 minutes of a 6–0 win over Russia in Milton Keynes on 8 March 2007. Her first start three days later, in a 1–0 win over Scotland at Adams Park. She missed the 2007 World Cup with a leg and Euro 2009 with a damaged cruciate ligament. In May 2009, Houghton was one of the first 17 female players to be given central contracts by The Football Association, Houghton played in all three games at UEFA Womens Euro 2013 as England finished in last place, a massive disappointment personally and collectively as a squad. In January 2014 she was named the new captain for Englands team under coach Mark Sampson, for the 2015 FIFA Womens World Cup in Canada, Houghton was again named Englands team captain. Houghton was called up to the first Great Britain womens side for the 2012 Summer Olympics as a defender, Houghton was also named left back of the tournament due to her outstanding performance during the games. For England Scores and results list Englands goal tally first, for Great Britain Scores and results list Great Britains goal tally first
18.
Hou Yifan
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Hou Yifan is a Chinese chess grandmaster and former chess prodigy. She has been the Womens World Chess Champion three times, the youngest ever to win the title, as well as the youngest female ever to qualify for the title of Grandmaster. At the age of 12, Hou became the youngest player ever to participate in the FIDE Womens World Championship, in June 2007, she became Chinas youngest National Womens Champion ever. She achieved the titles of Woman FIDE Master in January 2004, Woman Grandmaster in January 2007, in 2010, she became the youngest Womens World Chess Champion in history by winning the 2010 Womens World Championship in Hatay, Turkey at age 16. Hou is the third ever to be rated among the worlds top 100 players, after Judit Polgár and Maia Chiburdanidze. She is widely regarded as the best active female player, leaps. Hou is undefeated in Womens World Chess Championship match play, with ten wins to losses and 14 draws against three different opponents. She is the current top-rated female player,68 points ahead of Ju Wenjun, Hou started playing chess regularly at the age of five, but was already fascinated by the game when she was three years old. Hous father, Hou Xuejian, a magistrate, often took his daughter to a bookstore after dinner. He noticed that the girl liked to stare at glass chess pieces behind the window. He later bought his daughter her first chess set, the 3-year-old was able to beat her father and grandmother after a few weeks. In 1999, her father engaged a chess mentor, IM Tong Yuanming, Tong later said that Hou was an unusual talent, showing strong confidence, distinguished memory, calculating ability and fast reaction. In 2003, Hou played against the coach of the Chinese National mens and womens chess teams, Ye Jiangchuan. The chess master was surprised that the 9-year-old could identify almost all of his weak moves, then I knew she was an exceptional genius, Ye said. That year, Hou became the youngest member of the national team, in June 2007, she became Chinas youngest ever national champion. In order to support her chess career, her family relocated to Beijing in 2003. Hous mother, a nurse, accompanies her daughter on the international tournament circuit. Hou is homeschooled and lists her interests as reading and studying and her mother Wang Qian accompanied her to many international tournaments when she was young
19.
Mexico City
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Mexico City, or City of Mexico, is the capital and most populous city of Mexico. As an alpha global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas and it is located in the Valley of Mexico, a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres. The city consists of sixteen municipalities, the 2009 estimated population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people, with a land area of 1,485 square kilometres. The Greater Mexico City has a domestic product of US$411 billion in 2011. The city was responsible for generating 15. 8% of Mexicos Gross Domestic Product, as a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America—five times as large as Costa Ricas and about the same size as Perus. Mexico’s capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Amerindians, the other being Quito. In 1524, the municipality of Mexico City was established, known as México Tenochtitlán, Mexico City served as the political, administrative and financial center of a major part of the Spanish colonial empire. After independence from Spain was achieved, the district was created in 1824. Ever since, the left-wing Party of the Democratic Revolution has controlled both of them, in recent years, the local government has passed a wave of liberal policies, such as abortion on request, a limited form of euthanasia, no-fault divorce, and same-sex marriage. On January 29,2016, it ceased to be called the Federal District and is now in transition to become the countrys 32nd federal entity, giving it a level of autonomy comparable to that of a state. Because of a clause in the Mexican Constitution, however, as the seat of the powers of the federation, it can never become a state, the city of Mexico-Tenochtitlan was founded by the Mexica people in 1325. According to legend, the Mexicas principal god, Huitzilopochtli indicated the site where they were to build their home by presenting an eagle perched on a cactus with a snake in its beak. Between 1325 and 1521, Tenochtitlan grew in size and strength, eventually dominating the other city-states around Lake Texcoco, when the Spaniards arrived, the Aztec Empire had reached much of Mesoamerica, touching both the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean. After landing in Veracruz, Spanish explorer Hernán Cortés advanced upon Tenochtitlan with the aid of many of the native peoples. Cortés put Moctezuma under house arrest, hoping to rule through him, the Aztecs thought the Spaniards were permanently gone, and they elected a new king, Cuitláhuac, but he soon died, the next king was Cuauhtémoc. Cortés began a siege of Tenochtitlan in May 1521, for three months, the city suffered from the lack of food and water as well as the spread of smallpox brought by the Europeans. Cortés and his allies landed their forces in the south of the island, the Spaniards practically razed Tenochtitlan during the final siege of the conquest. Cortés first settled in Coyoacán, but decided to rebuild the Aztec site to erase all traces of the old order and he did not establish a territory under his own personal rule, but remained loyal to the Spanish crown
20.
Alicia Keys
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Alicia Augello Cook, known professionally as Alicia Keys, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, pianist and actress. Keys released her album with J Records, having had previous record deals first with Columbia. Keys debut album, Songs in A Minor was released in 2001, producing her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one single Fallin, the album earned Keys five Grammy Awards in 2002. Her sophomore album, The Diary of Alicia Keys, was released in 2003, spawning successful singles You Dont Know My Name, If I Aint Got You and Diary, the duet song My Boo with Usher scored her a second number-one single in 2004. The album garnered her an additional four Grammy Awards in 2005, later that year, she released her first live album, Unplugged, becoming the first woman to have an MTV Unplugged album debut at number one. As I Am was released in 2007, producing the Hot 100 number-one single No One, selling 5 million copies worldwide, the Element of Freedom was released in 2009, becoming her first chart-topping album in the UK, and selling 4 million copies worldwide. Keys additionally collaborated with Jay Z on Empire State of Mind as her fourth number-one single, Girl on Fire was released in 2012 as her fifth Billboard 200 topping album, spawning the successful title track. Her second live album, VH1 Storytellers was released in 2013, Here was released in 2016, becoming her seventh R&B/Hip-Hop chart topping album. Keys made her first television appearance on The Cosby Show in 1985 as a four year old child and she made her film debut in Smokin Aces and later in The Nanny Diaries in 2007. Keys then had a NAACP Image Award nominated appearance in The Secret Life of Bees in 2008, Keys also made an appearance on season 2 of Empire in 2015. She is currently a coach on The Voice as of 2016, Keys has won numerous awards such as 15 Grammy Awards and 17 NAACP Image Awards. She has sold over 35 million albums and 30 million singles worldwide, considered a pop icon, Billboard magazine named her the top R&B artist of the 2000s decade and placed her number 10 on their list of Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years. Time named her in their 100 list of most influential people in 2005, Keys was born Alicia Augello Cook on January 25,1981, in the Hells Kitchen area of Manhattan, New York City. She is the child of Teresa, a paralegal and part-time actress, and Craig Cook. Keys father is African American and her mother is of Italian, Scottish, Keys has expressed that she was comfortable with her multiracial heritage because she felt she was able to relate to different cultures. Her parents separated when she was two and she was raised by her mother during her formative years in Hells Kitchen. Keys has 2 younger half brothers, Clay Cook and Cole Cook, in 1985, Keys made an appearance on The Cosby Show at the age of four, where she and a group of girls played the parts of Rudy Huxtables sleepover guests in the episode Slumber Party. Throughout her childhood, Keys was sent to music and dance classes by her mother and she graduated in four years as valedictorian at the age of 16
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