1.
Victoria Abril
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Victoria Abril is a Spanish film actress and singer. She is best known to audiences for her performance in the movie ¡Átame. by director Pedro Almodóvar. Born in Madrid, Abril became widely known in Spain in 1976 when she appeared for two years in the show Un, dos, tres. responda otra vez, besides working in Spain, she also made films in France, where she resides, Italy, and Iceland. She has been nominated eight times for Goya Awards in the Lead Actress category and has won once and she won the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the 41st Berlin International Film Festival for her role in Amantes. Two years later, she was awarded with the Berlinale Camera at the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival, in 2005, she made her debut with a bossanova-jazz album called PutchEros do Brasil. She also tried to represent Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1979 with Bang-Bang-Bang, on 28 July 1977 Victoria Abril married Gustavo Laube, former footballer of the national team of Chile. The couple separated in early 1982, Victoria Abril has two sons with the French director Gérard de Battista. Official Website of Victoria Abril Victoria Abril at Allmovie Victoria Abril at the Internet Movie Database
2.
Damon Albarn
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Damon Albarn, OBE is an English musician, singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer. He is best known as the singer of the British rock band Blur as well as co-founder, vocalist, instrumentalist. After spending long periods of time touring the US, Albarns songwriting became influenced by British bands from the 1960s. The result of these came in the form of Modern Life Is Rubbish, Parklife. All three albums received critical acclaim while Blur gained mass popularity in the UK, aided by a Britpop rivalry with Oasis, subsequent albums such as Blur,13, Think Tank and The Magic Whip contained influences from lo-fi, electronic and hip hop music. Along with Tank Girl creator Jamie Hewlett, Albarn formed the virtual band Gorillaz in 1998, drawing influences from alternative rock, trip hop, hip hop, electronica, dub, reggae and pop music, the band released their self-titled debut album in 2001 to worldwide success. Although Albarn is the only permanent musical contributor, the albums feature collaborations from a range of artists. Gorillaz are cited by the Guinness Book of World Records as the Most Successful Virtual Band and he has also ventured into the world of opera with Dr Dee and Monkey, Journey to the West. In 2008 The Daily Telegraph ranked Albarn number 18 in their list of the 100 most powerful people in British culture, in a 2010 UK poll for Q magazine Albarn was voted the fourth-greatest frontman of all time. He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to music, Albarn was born on 23 March 1968, is the eldest child of artist Keith Albarn and his wife Hazel, née Dring. Their daughter Jessica, born in 1971, also went on to become an artist, Keith Albarn, originally from Nottinghamshire, was briefly the manager of Soft Machine and once a guest on BBCs Late Night Line-Up. He was head of The School of Art and Design at Colchester Institute, damons paternal grandfather Edward, an architect, had been a conscientious objector during the Second World War and was involved in a farming community in Lincolnshire, becoming a peace activist. In 2002 Edward Albarn died, Damon stated in an interview that Edward did not want to any longer. The Apollo Cumfycraft and The Tailendcharlie produced by his fathers company Keith Albarn & Partners Ltd under the trade-name of Playlearn, when Damon and Jessica were growing up, their family moved to Leytonstone, East London. The household was described as bohemian and their upbringing as liberal, Albarn agreed with his parents views, later claiming, I always thought my parents were absolutely dead right. I went against the grain in a weird way – by continually following them and his parents primarily listened to blues, Indian ragas and African music. The population of the area was predominantly white as opposed to the ethnically mixed part of London which he had used to. He described himself as not really fitting in with the politics of the place, Albarn was interested in music from an early age, attending an Osmonds concert at the age of six
3.
Iceland
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Iceland is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean. It has a population of 332,529 and an area of 103,000 km2, the capital and largest city is Reykjavík. Reykjavík and the areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active, the interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence still keeps summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate. According to the ancient manuscript Landnámabók, the settlement of Iceland began in the year 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island. In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, the island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the worlds oldest functioning legislative assemblies. Following a period of strife, Iceland acceded to Norwegian rule in the 13th century. The establishment of the Kalmar Union in 1397 united the kingdoms of Norway, Denmark, Iceland thus followed Norways integration to that Union and came under Danish rule after Swedens secession from that union in 1523. In the wake of the French revolution and the Napoleonic wars, Icelands struggle for independence took form and culminated in independence in 1918, until the 20th century, Iceland relied largely on subsistence fishing and agriculture, and was among the poorest in Europe. Industrialisation of the fisheries and Marshall Plan aid following World War II brought prosperity, in 1994, it became a part of the European Economic Area, which further diversified the economy into sectors such as finance, biotechnology, and manufacturing. Iceland has an economy with relatively low taxes compared to other OECD countries. It maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides health care. Iceland ranks high in economic, political and social stability and equality, in 2013, it was ranked as the 13th most-developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index. Iceland runs almost completely on renewable energy, some bankers were jailed, and the economy has made a significant recovery, in large part due to a surge in tourism. Icelandic culture is founded upon the nations Scandinavian heritage, most Icelanders are descendants of Germanic and Gaelic settlers. Icelandic, a North Germanic language, is descended from Old Norse and is related to Faroese
4.
Toronto International Film Festival
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The Toronto International Film Festival is one of the largest publicly attended film festivals in the world, attracting over 480,000 people annually. Year-round, TIFF Bell Lightbox offers screenings, lectures, discussions, festivals, workshops, industry support, TIFF Bell Lightbox is located on the north west corner of King Street and John Street in downtown Toronto. In 2015,397 films from 71 countries were screened at 28 screens in downtown Toronto venues, welcoming an estimated 480,000 attendees, TIFF starts the Thursday night after Labour Day and lasts for eleven days. Founded in 1976, TIFF is now one of the most prestigious events of its kind in the world, in 1998, Variety magazine acknowledged that TIFF is second only to Cannes in terms of high-profile pics, stars and market activity. In 2007, TIME noted that TIFF had grown from its place as the most influential film festival to the most influential film festival. This is partially the result of TIFFs ability and reputation for generating Oscar buzz, the Toronto International Festival’s Grolsch People’s Choice Award — which is based on popular vote by Festival filmgoers — has emerged as a beacon of awards-season success. Founded by Bill Marshall, Dusty Cohl and Henk Van der Kolk and that first year,35,000 filmgoers watched 127 films from 30 countries presented in ten programmes. Piers Handling has been the director and CEO since 1994. TIFF was once centred on the Yorkville neighbourhood, but the Toronto Entertainment District later gained a level of prominence. TIFF is known for the celebrity buzz it brings to the area with international media setting up near its restaurants and stores for photos and interviews with the stars. In 2010, TIFF opened its permanent headquarters, TIFF Bell Lightbox, TIFF has grown, steadily adding initiatives throughout the years. TIFF Cinematheque and the Film Reference Library opened in 1990, the TIFF Kids International Film Festival launched in 1998. Film Circuit began exhibiting independent and Canadian films in under-serviced cities across Canada in 1994, the festival was founded in 1976 at the Windsor Arms Hotel by Bill Marshall, Henk Van der Kolk and Dusty Cohl. Beginning as a collection of the films from film festivals around the world. Ironically, however, Hollywood studios withdrew their submissions from TIFF due to concerns that Toronto audiences would be too parochial for their products, in 1994, the decision was made to replace the name Festival of Festivals with Toronto International Film Festival. From 1994 to 2009, the organization running TIFF was named Toronto International Film Festival Group. In 2009, the umbrella organization TIFFG was renamed to TIFF, in 2001, Perspective Canada, the programme that had focused on Canadian films since 1984, was replaced by two programmes, Canada First. A forum for Canadian filmmakers presenting their first feature-length work, featuring eight to 15 films, and Short Cuts Canada, in 2004, TIFF was featured as the site of murder mystery in the film Jiminy Glick in Lalawood, a comedy film starring Martin Short
5.
Flamenco
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Flamenco, in its strictest sense, is a professionalized art-form based on the various folkloric music traditions of Southern Spain. It includes cante, toque, baile, jaleo, palmas, the oldest record of flamenco dates to 1774 in the book Las Cartas Marruecas by José Cadalso. The genre originated in the music and dance styles of Andalusia, Flamenco has been influenced by and become associated with the Romani people in Spain, however, unlike Romani music in Eastern Europe, its origin and style is uniquely Andalusian. In recent years, flamenco has become popular all over the world and is taught in many countries, especially the United States. In Japan, there are more flamenco academies than there are in Spain, on November 16,2010, UNESCO declared flamenco one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. There are many suggestions for the origin of the word flamenco as a musical term, the word was not recorded as a musical and dance term until the late 18th century. The Spanish word flamenco could have been a derivative of fire or flame, the word flamenco may have come to be used for fiery behaviour, which could have come to be applied to the Gitano players and performers. Palos are flamenco styles, classified by criteria such as rhythmic pattern, mode, chord progression, stanzaic form, there are over 50 different palos, some are sung unaccompanied while others have guitar or other accompaniment. Some forms are danced while others are not, there are many ways to categories Palos but they traditionally fall into three classes, the most serious is known as cante jondo, while lighter, frivolous forms are called cante chico. Forms that do not fit either category are classed as cante intermedio, Cante jondo has clear traces of Arabic and Spanish folk melodies, as well as vestiges of Byzantine, Christian and Jewish religious music. Each song of a set of verses, which are punctuated by guitar interludes called falsetas, the guitarist also provides a short introduction which sets the tonality, compás and tempo of the cante. Flamenco uses the Flamenco mode, in addition to the major and minor scales used in modern Western music. The Phrygian mode occurs in such as soleá, most bulerías, siguiriyas. A typical chord sequence, usually called the Andalusian cadence may be viewed as in a modified Phrygian, according to Manolo Sanlúcar E is here the tonic, F has the harmonic function of dominant while Am and G assume the functions of subdominant and mediant respectively. Guitarists tend to use two basic inversions or chord shapes for the tonic chord, the open 1st inversion E. Montoya also created a new palo as a solo for guitar, later guitarists have further extended the repertoire of tonalities, chord positions and scordatura. There are also palos in major mode, most cantiñas and alegrías, guajiras, some bulerías and tonás, the minor mode is restricted to the Farruca, the milongas, and some styles of tangos, bulerías, etc. In general traditional palos in major and minor mode are limited harmonically to two-chord or three-chord progressions, however modern guitarists have introduced chord substitution, transition chords, and even modulation
6.
Carpe diem
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Carpe diem is a Latin aphorism, usually translated seize the day, taken from book 1 of the Roman poet Horaces work Odes. Carpe is the second-person singular present active imperative of carpō pick or pluck used by Horace to mean enjoy, seize, use, Diem is the accusative case of the noun dies day. A more literal translation of carpe diem would thus be pluck the day —that is, in Horace, the phrase is part of the longer carpe diem, quam minimum credula postero, which can be translated as Seize the day, put very little trust in tomorrow. The ode says that the future is unforeseen and that one should not leave to chance future happenings and this phrase is usually understood against Horaces Epicurean background. The meaning of carpe diem as used by Horace is not to ignore the future, the phrase. ואם לא עכשיו, אימתי And if not now, then when. Collige, virgo, rosas appears at the end of the poem De rosis nascentibus attributed to Ausonius or Virgil. It encourages youth to life before it is too late, compare Gather ye rosebuds while ye may from Robert Herricks 1648 poem To the Virgins. De Brevitate Vitae, often referred to as Gaudeamus igitur, is a popular academic commercium song, on taking joy in student life and it is medieval Latin, dating to 1287. Related but distinct is the expression memento mori which carries some of the same connotation as carpe diem, for Horace, mindfulness of our own mortality is key in making us realize the importance of the moment. Remember that you are mortal, so seize the day, over time the phrase memento mori also came to be associated with penitence, as suggested in many vanitas paintings. Today many listeners will take the two phrases as representing almost opposite approaches, with carpe diem urging us to savour life and this is not the original sense of the memento mori phrase as used by Horace. In the 1989 movie Dead Poets Society, the English teacher John Keating, played by Robin Williams, famously says, later, this line was voted as the 95th greatest movie quote by the American Film Institute. The American progressive metal band Dream Theater released the 23-minute epic A Change of Seasons on their 1995 EP of the same name, the song numerously references the carpe diem or Seize the Day aphorism as part of its storyline. The American heavy metal band Metallica produced a song called Carpe Diem Baby on their 1997 album Reload, the chorus contains the line Come squeeze and suck the day. The soundtrack to the 2011 animated film Phineas and Ferb the Movie, the American punk rock band, Green Day, produced a song called Carpe Diem on their 2012 album ¡Uno. The chorus is Carpe Diem, a cry, are we all too young to die. Ask for reason, and no reply, are we all too young to die, the English alternative rock band, You Me at Six, produced a song called Carpe Diem on their 2014 album Cavalier Youth. The chorus is Carpe diem til the very end, Carpe diem til the bitter end
7.
Lola (song)
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Lola is a song written by Ray Davies and performed by English rock band the Kinks on their album Lola Versus Powerman and the Moneygoround, Part One. The song details an encounter between a young man and a possible transvestite, whom he meets in a club in Soho. In the song, the narrator describes his confusion towards a person named Lola who walked like a woman, although Ray Davies claims that the incident was inspired by a true encounter experienced by the bands manager, alternate explanations for the song have been given by drummer Mick Avory. The song was released in the United Kingdom on 12 June 1970, commercially, the single reached number two on the UK Singles Chart and number nine on the Billboard Hot 100. Due to its subject matter and use of the brand name Coca-Cola. The single version used the words cherry cola while the album uses the name Coca-Cola. Since its release, Lola has appeared on compilation and live albums. In 1980, a version of the song from the album One for the Road was released as a single in the US and some European countries. Other versions include live renditions from 1972s Everybodys in Show-Biz and 1996s To the Bone, the Lola character also made an appearance in the lyrics of the bands 1981 song, Destroyer. Ray Davies has claimed that he was inspired to write Lola after Kinks manager Robert Wace spent a night in Paris dancing with a transgender woman. Davies said of the incident, In his apartment, Robert had been dancing with this black woman, and it was okay until we left at six in the morning and then I said, Have you seen the stubble. He said Yeah, but he was too pissed to care, drummer Mick Avory has offered an alternate explanation for the songs lyrics, claiming that Lola was partially inspired by Avorys frequenting of trans bars in west London. Avory said, We used to know this character called Michael McGrath and he used to hound the group a bit, because being called The Kinks did attract these sorts of people. He used to come down to Top of the Pops, and he used to have this place in Earls Court, and he used to invite me to all these drag queen acts and transsexual pubs. And thats where Ray got the idea for Lola, when he was invited too, he wrote it while I was getting drunk. In his autobiography, Dave Davies said that he came up with the music for what would become Lola, noting that brother Ray added the lyrics after hearing it. Written in April 1970, Lola was cited by Ray Davies as the first song he wrote following a break he took to act in the 1970 Play for Today film The Long Distance Piano Player. Davies said that he had struggled with writing an opening that would sell the song
8.
Oedipus complex
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In psychoanalysis, the Oedipus complex is a childs desire, that the mind keeps in the unconscious via dynamic repression, to have sexual relations with the parent of the opposite sex. The Oedipal complex originally refers to the desire of a son for his mother. A childs identification with the parent is the successful resolution of the complex. Men and women who are fixated in the Oedipal and Electra stages of their psychosexual development might be considered mother-fixated and father-fixated, in adult life, this can lead to a choice of a sexual partner who resembles ones parent. Oedipus refers to a 5th-century BC Greek mythological character Oedipus, who kills his father, Laius. A play based on the myth, Oedipus Rex, was written by Sophocles, modern productions of Sophocles play were staged in Paris and Vienna in the 19th century and were phenomenally successful in the 1880s and 1890s. The Austrian psychiatrist, Sigmund Freud, attended. ”Freud described the character Oedipus, A six-stage chronology of Sigmund Freuds theoretic evolution of the Oedipus complex is, Stage 1. After his fathers death in 1896, and having seen the play Oedipus Rex, by Sophocles, as Freud wrote in a 1897 letter, I found in myself a constant love for my mother, and jealousy of my father. I now consider this to be an event in early childhood. Proposes that Oedipal desire is the complex of all neuroses. Complete Oedipus complex, identification and bisexuality are conceptually evident in later works, applies the Oedipal theory to religion and custom. Investigates the feminine Oedipus attitude and negative Oedipus complex, later the Electra complex, in the phallic stage, a boys decisive psychosexual experience is the Oedipus complex—his son–father competition for possession of mother. The boy directs his libido upon his mother, and directs jealousy, psycho-logic defense—In both sexes, defense mechanisms provide transitory resolutions of the conflict between the drives of the id and the drives of the ego. The first defense mechanism is repression, the blocking of memories, emotional impulses, the second defense mechanism is identification, in which the boy or girl child adapts by incorporating, to his or her ego, the personality characteristics of the same-sex parent. As a result of this, the boy diminishes his castration anxiety, in the case of the girl, this facilitates identifying with mother, who understands that, in being females, neither of them possesses a penis, and thus are not antagonists. Therefore, the satisfactory parental handling and resolution of the Oedipus complex are most important in developing the male infantile super-ego. This is because, by identifying with a parent, the boy internalizes Morality, thereby, he chooses to comply with societal rules, rather than reflexively complying in fear of punishment. Moreover, his admitting to wanting to procreate with mother was considered proof of the sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent
9.
Incest
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Incest is sexual activity between family members or close relatives. The incest taboo is and has one of the most widespread of all cultural taboos. Most modern societies have laws regarding incest or social restrictions on closely consanguineous marriages, in societies where it is illegal, consensual adult incest is seen by some as a victimless crime. Some cultures extend the incest taboo to relatives with no consanguinity such as milk-siblings, stepsiblings, third-degree relatives on average share 12. 5% genes, and sexual relations between them is viewed differently in various cultures, from being discouraged to being socially acceptable. The children of incestuous relationships were regarded as illegitimate, and are still so regarded in some societies today, in most cases, the parents did not have the option to marry to remove that status, as incestuous marriages were, and are, normally also prohibited. A common justification for prohibiting incest is avoiding inbreeding, a collection of genetic disorders suffered by the children of parents with a genetic relationship. But inbreeding is not the basis for the incest taboo for two reasons. First, most prohibitions on incest cover affinity relationships—that is, relationships created by marriage —as well as created by adoption. And second, the incest taboo also applies to non-procreative sex—for example, some societies, such as the Balinese and some Inuit tribes, have different views about what constitutes illegal and immoral incest. However, sexual relations with a first-degree relative are almost universally forbidden, the English word incest is derived from the Latin incestus, which has a general meaning of impure, unchaste. It was introduced into Middle English, both in the generic Latin sense and in the modern sense. The derived adjective incestuous appears in the 16th century, before the Latin term came in, incest was known in Old English as sib-leger or mǣġhǣmed but in time, both words fell out of use. In ancient China, first cousins with the surnames were not permitted to marry. Several of the Egyptian Pharaohs married their siblings and had children with them. For example, Tutankhamun married his half-sister Ankhesenamun, and was himself the child of an union between Akhenaten and an unidentified sister-wife. It is now accepted that sibling marriages were widespread among all classes in Egypt during the Graeco-Roman period. Numerous papyri and the Roman census declarations attest to many husbands and wives being brother and sister, in the sequel to Oedipus, Antigone, his four children are also punished for their parents incestuousness. Incest appears in the accepted version of the birth of Adonis
10.
Ritual
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A ritual is a sequence of activities involving gestures, words, and objects, performed in a sequestered place, and performed according to set sequence. Rituals may be prescribed by the traditions of a community, including a religious community, Rituals are characterized but not defined by formalism, traditionalism, invariance, rule-governance, sacral symbolism, and performance. Rituals are a feature of all human societies. Even common actions like hand-shaking and saying hello may be termed rituals, the field of ritual studies has seen a number of conflicting definitions of the term. One given by Kyriakidis is that a ritual is an outsiders or etic category for a set activity that, to the outsider, seems irrational, non-contiguous, or illogical. The term can be used also by the insider or emic performer as an acknowledgement that this activity can be seen as such by the uninitiated onlooker, the English word ritual derives from the Latin ritualis, that which pertains to rite. In Roman juridical and religious usage, ritus was the way of doing something, or correct performance. The word ritual is first recorded in English in 1570, there are hardly any limits to the kind of actions that may be incorporated into a ritual. Catherine Bell argues that rituals can be characterized by formalism, traditionalism, invariance, rule-governance, sacral symbolism, Ritual utilizes a limited and rigidly organized set of expressions which anthropologists call a restricted code. Maurice Bloch argues that ritual obliges participants to use this formal oratorical style, which is limited in intonation, syntax, vocabulary, loudness, in adopting this style, ritual leaders speech becomes more style than content. Because this formal speech limits what can be said, it induces acceptance, compliance, Bloch argues that this form of ritual communication makes rebellion impossible and revolution the only feasible alternative. Ritual tends to support forms of social hierarchy and authority. Rituals appeal to tradition and are concerned to repeat historical precedents accurately. Traditionalism varies from formalism in that the ritual may not be yet still makes an appeal to historical. An example is the American Thanksgiving dinner, which may not be formal, thus, the appeal to history is important rather than accurate historical transmission. Catherine Bell states that ritual is also invariant, implying careful choreography and this is less an appeal to traditionalism than a striving for timeless repetition. The key to invariance is bodily discipline, as in prayer and meditation meant to mold dispositions. This bodily discipline is frequently performed in unison, by groups, Rituals tend to be governed by rules, a feature somewhat like formalism
11.
Bloodbath
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Bloodbath is a Swedish death metal supergroup from Stockholm, formed in 1998. The band has released four albums, two EPs and two DVDs depicting their performances at Wacken Open Air and Bloodstock Open Air. The group comprises Martin Axenrot, Anders Nyström, Jonas Renkse, Nick Holmes, and Per Eriksson, the band named themselves after the song Blood Bath from the album To the Gory End by Cancer. In 2004, Åkerfeldt left Bloodbath to free up time for his primary band Opeth. To replace him, Bloodbath brought in Peter Tägtgren, the lineup changed further, with Swanö switching to play the guitar instead of drums. Martin Axenrot took his place and the band was now bigger and more serious, the bands second full release, Nightmares Made Flesh, was released in Europe in September 2004. In February 2005, Tägtgren left the band due to conflicting schedules and that same year, Åkerfeldt rejoined the band for a single live show at Germanys Wacken Open Air on August 5. Prior to the show, the band commented on the Wacken show, Not only the first, in September 2005, Bloodbath started searching for a new lead singer. In August 2006, the announced the departure of Swanö from their ranks due to musical differences. They simultaneously closed the vocal auditions, announcing that no suitable singer had been found. On March 27,2007, the announced that a new line-up would shortly be unveiled, along with news that they were producing new material. In August 2007, Renkse wrote a message on the official discussion forum which suggested that work was in progress. On January 30,2008, it was announced via the Bloodbath website that Åkerfeldt would be rejoining the line-up on vocals, in March 2008, the EP Unblessing the Purity was released. Also released in 2008 was the Wacken live CD/DVD The Wacken Carnage, Bloodbath released their third full-length album, The Fathomless Mastery, in October 2008. On April 25,2011, Bloodbath released their second DVD, Bloodbath over Bloodstock, on November 1,2011, during the final show of the American Opeth/Katatonia tour at Rams Head Live in Baltimore, MD, Bloodbath performed a surprise encore after Opeths set. On April 14,2012, Blakkheim announced that Åkerfeldt officially left the group, Blakkheim has said in multiple interviews that they have a new vocalist set, but they cannot reveal the identity at the moment due to the lack of contract. When asked in one interview whether the new vocalist was known or not, Blakkheim said, Oh, on September 16,2014, the band announced the new Bloodbath vocalist as Nick Holmes from Paradise Lost
12.
Thessaloniki International Film Festival
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The Thessaloniki International Film Festival has become one of the Southeast Europes primary showcases for the work of new and emerging filmmakers. The event features the International Section, a panorama of Greek films, the New Horizons program, the Balkan Survey, the Festival is competitive with the International Section jury awarding several prizes each year, most notably the Golden Alexander for Best Feature-Length Film. Since 1992, the International Thessaloniki Film Festival has striven to present the most innovative independent films from around the world, components of the Festival include, The International Competition section consists of new directors first or second films. The non-competitive panorama of Greek films, an overview of the recent local production is followed by the presentation of the State Film Awards by the Greek Ministry of Culture, the Independence Days non-competitive section is the cutting-edge showcase for the latest trends in independent film production. The Balkan Survey, created in 1994, stands as a program which offers audiences a window on the cinema of this region of the world. In March 2016, French film producer Élise Jalladeau was appointed as director of the Thessaloniki International Film Festival, in May 2016, film critic Orestis Andreadakis was named artistic director. Cinematographer Giorgos Arvanitis serves as president of the TIFF Board, retrospectives and tributes look at both historic masters, and emerging artists. The first period of Thessaloniki Film Festival starts in 1960 and finished in 1991, during this period the festival showed exclusively Greek films. The festival was first held in 1960 as a modest Week of Greek Cinema, from 1965 to 1991 the festival was named Festival of Greek Cinema. During these years the festival passed through various phases, the first years the festival was an important social event with flashy appearances of local showbiz stars. During the ], censorship made its appearance, during the Metapolitefsi the new generation of Greek directors dominated the awards, but at the same time the festival became increasingly politicized and two opposing groups of spectators appeared. The tension between two groups reached a peak in 1977, when the festival split in two different festivals. The split lasted only one year, during the 80s the importance of the festival declined until in 1992, when it was decided to upgrade the event to an international film festival. In 1992 the festival became a film festival, acknowledged by the International Federation of Film Producers Associations. The Greek movies competed in a different section of the festival with the name Greek State Film Awards, nowadays Thessaloniki International Film Festival is an annual event focused on the discovery and promotion of new directors from all over the world. For ten days in mid-November, audiences numbering approximately 70,000, as well as hundreds of Greek and foreign Festival guests, attend screenings of more than 150 films in the citys cinemas
13.
Locarno Festival
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The Locarno Festival is an international film festival held annually in August in the city of Locarno, Switzerland since 1946. Locarno is a film festival accredited by the FIAPF, the main feature of the festival is the open-air screening area at the Piazza Grande with room for over 8,000 spectators, having one of the largest open-air screens in the world. The top prize of the Festival is the Golden Leopard awarded to the best film in the international competition, other awards include the Leopard of Honour for outstanding career achievements, and the Prix du Public UBS, the public choice award. The Locarno Film Festival is well known worldwide as a festival of discovery, throughout its history the festival has discovered new trends and launched the careers of numerous directors and actors. The Festival del film Locarno kicked off on 23 August 1946, Grand Prize of the festival, awarded by the city and region of Locarno, for the best film in the concorso internazionale, that is shared equally between the director and the producer. Prize, awarded by cities of Ascona and Losone, for the second best film in the concorso internazionale, Prize, awarded by the city and region of Locarno, for the best directed film in the concorso internazionale. Prize awarded by a jury of critics to the first works presented in the sections concorso internazionale, concorso Cineasti del presente, Fuori concorso, Signs of Life. Prize awarded to the best film of competition, which is dedicated to first or second features. Ciné+ Special Jury Prize – Cineasti del presente, the French television channel Ciné+ Club offers the broadcast rights to the winning film and guarantees the broadcast on their channel. Pardo per il miglior regista emergente, Prize for the best new director, pardo per la migliore opera prima. Prize which has been awarded fro 2006 to 2009 to the best first work screened in the concorso internazionale or concorso Cineasti del presente. Pardino doro for the Best International Short Film – SRG SSR Prize, Prize awarded to the best short film in the international short film competition Pardi di domani. Pardino doro for the Best Swiss Short Film – Swiss Life Prize, Prize awarded to the best short film in the national short film competition Pardi di domani. Pardino dargento SSR SRG for the international competition, Prize awarded to a film in the international competition Pardi di domani. Pardino dargento Swiss Life for the national competition, Prize awarded to a film in the national competition Pardi di domani. Locarno short film nominee for the European Film Awards – Pianifica Prize, the prize, which is offered by the studio Pianifica, goes to a short film made by a European director, presented in one of the two competitions. The award includes an automatic nomination in the film category of the European Film Awards. The prize provides equipment offered by Cinegrell, Visuals SA, Freestudios SA, the winning film will be subtitled in three central European languages
14.
Pula Film Festival
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The Pula Film Festival is the oldest Croatian film festival which is held annually in a Roman amphitheater known as the Pula arena since 1954. The festival is held in the summer, in July or August. Apart from film screenings open to the public, the annual Croatian film industry awards are traditionally presented at the festival. The festival was started in 1954 and within a few years it became the centrepiece event of the Yugoslav film industry. This lasted until 1991, when the festival was cancelled due to the breakup of Yugoslavia and it has been held every year since. When it was established, it was known as the Festival of Yugoslav Film, over the following decades the festival gained considerable recognition internationally, along with the Yugoslav film industry which continued to thrive since the 1960s. Many film production companies were founded across the former Yugoslavia. These films competed for a number of awards at the festival, since the award categories, in 1991 the festival was cancelled because of the outbreak of the war and the related breakup of Yugoslavia. In 1992 the festival was restarted, but it was renamed Filmski festival u Puli, the 1992 edition was also the first one that was dedicated solely to Croatian films, since the unified Yugoslav film industry disappeared along with the former country. In 1995 it was renamed again and called Festival hrvatskog filma to emphasize its now exclusively Croatian character, however, since the Croatian film industry proved to be insufficiently productive, with only a handful of new titles being released each year, the festivals popularity rapidly plummeted. In order to rectify this, the festival opened for films for the first time in its history in 2001. From then on, apart from screenings of Croatian films, the festival also offers an international program, as well as various one-off theme programs. The national film industry awards called Golden Arena are always presented at the festival, therefore there are no Academy Award-style shortlists of nominees announced prior to the actual awarding ceremony. However, some editions in the past also had runner-up awards for some categories. The awards are given by the jury made up of prominent film critics, directors, actors, etc
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International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
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IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
17.
AllMovie
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AllMovie is an online guide service website with information about films, television programs, and screen actors. As of 2013, AllMovie. com and the AllMovie consumer brand are owned by All Media Network, AllMovie was founded by popular-culture archivist Michael Erlewine, who also founded AllMusic and AllGame. The AllMovie database was licensed to tens of thousands of distributors and retailers for point-of-sale systems, websites, the AllMovie database is comprehensive, including basic product information, cast and production credits, plot synopsis, professional reviews, biographies, relational links and more. AllMovie data was accessed on the web at the AllMovie. com website and it was also available via the AMG LASSO media recognition service, which can automatically recognize DVDs. In late 2007, Macrovision acquired AMG for a reported $72 million, the AMG consumer facing web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in August 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. The buyers also include the founders of SideReel and Ackrell Capital investor Mike Ackrell. All Media Network offices are located in San Francisco, California, AllMusic AllGame SideReel All Media Network Official website
18.
A Little Trip to Heaven
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A Little Trip to Heaven is an Icelandic-American noir-inspired drama and thriller film from 2005, directed by Icelandic director of The Sea, Baltasar Kormákur. The film is set in the U. S. in 1985, Icelandic musician Mugison composed and performed the soundtrack, except for the song A Little Trip to Heaven, which is originally by Tom Waits. Mugison performs the Waits song on the soundtrack, the very beginning of the film, before the opening credits, shows a new widow sitting in a life insurance office. Abe Holt looks on as his co-worker convinces the widow that shes lucky to leave with a fraction of the award she was expecting. The film centers around three vehicle crashes, which are first introduced to the one after another at the very beginning of the movie. The first shows a young couple flying through the roof of their convertible. They swim to shore, where the hits the leg of her fellow passenger with a pipe. The second involves a city bus and insurance adjustor Abe Holt, the third crash involves an unnamed young man who is stranded at the side of the road on a rainy night, after stopping in the local bar. He accepts a ride from the man who has drained his gas tank, the anonymous man is dragged to the front seat and buckled in before the gas is poured over the car and set ablaze. Isold’s husband, the cheerful and vaguely threatening Fred McBride. The most convincing evidence are photos of Kelvin, from his record and high school. Holt eventually determines that the body pulled from the car wreck is not Kelvins. A flashback reveals that the couple from the convertible seen at the opening of the movie was Isold and Kelvin, Isold leaves angrily, when Holt tells her shes lucky he hasnt exposed her as an accessory to murder, she tells him that her brother has taken Thor. Moved and concerned, Holt puts a hold on her check. The next day Isold cashes her check and opens a safety deposit box, in which she puts a childhood picture of her and her brother. She returns to the motel where Kelvin is staying with Thor, Kelvin doesnt buy it, and gets in his car with Thor—only to find hes held at gunpoint by Holt, in the backseat. Holt tells Isold to leave with the boy and Fred speeds off, Kelvin crashes the car, killing both men, and Isold is awarded the full benefits of the tampered life insurance policy
19.
Jar City (film)
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Jar City is a 2006 Icelandic film directed by Baltasar Kormákur. It is based on Mýrin, a written by Arnaldur Indriðason. Kormákur is in the midst of producing an English-language remake, also called Jar City, a world-weary cop comes to believe a recent murder of a middle-aged man is linked to a case of possible rape three decades earlier by a group of friends and a corrupt cop. Working through, he finds it linked to neurofibromatosis, a disease among Nordics. One thing leads to another and he puts the pieces together, a geneticist father loses his child to neurofibromatosis and his search for answers leads to his degenerate father and unravels many missing person cases during the decade. Like the book on which it is based, the film is implicitly a semi-critique to the work of the Icelandic company deCODE genetics. It also won the Breaking Waves Award at the 15th Titanic International Film Festival in Budapest with a €10,000 prize, a Blockbuster Exclusive Region 1 DVD was released in the U. S. and Canada. Otherwise, the film was not released commercially in America and it has also been released on DVD in Europe and is available on iTunes. Jar City at the Internet Movie Database Jar City at AllMovie
20.
White Night Wedding
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White Night Wedding is a 2008 Icelandic film directed by Baltasar Kormákur. The bittersweet comedy, about the search for love and happiness, takes place in Flatey, Breiðafjörður. The film is based on the play Ivanov by Anton Chekhov. The film opens with a rehearsal at a small church in an isolated barren landscape. At the altar groom-to-be Jon, a literature professor, is repeatedly interrupted by the ringing of his cell phone. The present narrative alternates with flashbacks that depiction the disintegration of Jons first marriage to sensitive artist Anna, Jons new bride-to-be, Thora, is a former student half his age, which triggers disapproval by some, including his future in-laws. The marriage finally takes place, and Jon and Thora settle down to a very much like the one he had with Anna. It received seven Edda Awards in 2008, Best film Best actor Best supporting actor Best supporting actress Best cimematographer, Bergsteinn Björgúlfsson Best costumes, stefansdottir Best set design, Gretar Reynisson and Atli Geir Gretarsson White Night Wedding at the Internet Movie Database
21.
Inhale (film)
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Inhale is a 2010 thriller film directed by Baltasar Kormákur. It stars Dermot Mulroney and Diane Kruger, Paul Stanton and his wife Diane are a couple whose daughter is dying from a rare degenerative lung condition. The only thing that can save her life is a transplant from an organ donor. The movie starts when the donated lung fails to arrive correctly, the movie goes back and forth between the present and the events leading up to it. In the present day, Paul goes to Juarez, Mexico to find a man called Dr. Navarro, after leaving his cell number at many local hospitals, somebody finally contacts Paul. Paul confronted Harrison and finally managed to get Dr. Navarros name from him, Harrison told him that he was contacted by Navarro and he didnt know how to reach him. Back in the present day, Paul is ambushed by a couple of Navarros guys that tell him to stay away, after an arduous search, Paul finally finds out that Dr. Navarro is actually Dr. Martinez from a local hospital that he visited previously for his wounds. Paul confronts Martinez and asks him to find a donor for his daughter. Martinez agrees to him for a $250,000 cash payment. The next day, Martinez tells Paul that he has found a donor for his daughter. Paul tells Diane to go to Juarez and prepare their daughter for the transplant operation, little does Paul know that the donor is actually a live person, Martinez and his men have planned a hit-and-run accident to get the lung implant from a local street boy. Paul discovers this fact and tells Diane about it, Diane tells him that she does not want to know where the donor comes from. Paul confronts Martinez at the operating table, Martinez tells Paul to make a choice, to go ahead with the operation or disband the operation knowing that they wont be able to find another match in time to save his daughters life. The next scene shows Paul and Diane at their daughters funeral, Diane gives Paul an accusing look blaming him for their daughters death. Meanwhile, elsewhere, the boy that was supposed to be the organ donor is alive
22.
Contraband (2012 film)
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The film is a remake of the 2008 Icelandic film Reykjavík-Rotterdam which Baltasar Kormákur starred in. It was released on January 13,2012 in the United States by Universal Pictures, Chris Farraday is an ex-smuggler who now has a peaceful life with his wife, Kate, and their two sons in New Orleans. They learn that Kates brother Andy was smuggling drugs, but dropped them into the Mississippi River during an inspection by U. S. Customs. Andys boss, mobster Tim Briggs, threatens to kill Chris family if Andy doesnt pay him back $700,000, Chris decides to raise the money by running contraband, working with his former smuggling partner, Sebastian Abney, who now owns a legitimate construction company. Promising Kate he will not run drugs, Chris joins a ship, planning to buy $10,000,000 in fake bills in Panama. He is joined by Andy, his good friend Danny Raymer, after Briggs broke into Chris house and intimidated his wife and children, Kate moves into Sebastians house for safety. In Panama, Chris discovers that the one who can provide high quality fake bills is crime lord Gonzalo. Leaving Andy in the van with the money for the fake bills, Briggs calls Andy, threatens to kill one of Chris sons and forces him to take the money and buy cocaine. With the money gone, Chris and Danny agree to help Gonzalo rob a car in exchange for the fake bills. After a shootout in which Gonzalos group along with police and security officers get killed. Chris and Danny barely make it back to the ship with the fake bills and they drive the van with contraband into a container, which is loaded onto their cargo ship. Chris hits and berates Andy for using the money to buy cocaine and it is revealed that Sebastian is working with Briggs, and he desperately needs money to pay gangster Jim Church. Sebastian calls Chris and learns that Chris plans to get rid of the cocaine Andy bought, Sebastian instructs Briggs to threaten Kate. Through Kate, Briggs warns Chris not to dump the cocaine, Chris realizes that Sebastian has betrayed him. Sebastian contacts the cargo ships Captain Camp, with whom he has a partnership and he tells Camp of Chris smuggled contraband, and promises him a share if he secures it. Unable to get Chris to give up the contraband, Camp calls U. S. Customs to inspect the ship in New Orleans, the Customs agents find the container with Chris van, which is empty except for the paint splattered tarp, which they ignore. Once Chris is on shore, Briggs and his thugs demand the drug package, Chris takes Briggs to Camps house, having made a duplicate key while on the ship, and knowingly activates the security system. Chris opens Camps carpet cleaner and retrieves the cocaine from it, while Briggs and his gang sit in Camps living room with the cocaine, Chris sneaks out
23.
2 Guns
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2 Guns is a 2013 American action comedy film directed by Icelandic film director Baltasar Kormákur in his American directorial debut. The film stars Denzel Washington and Mark Wahlberg, based on a comic book series of the same name created by Steven Grant and Mateus Santolouco, published in 2007 by Boom. The film was released in the United States on August 2,2013 and it marks Denzel Washingtons first American comedy film since 1996 Christmas comedy film The Preachers Wife. Criminals Robert Trench and Michael Stigman are questioned by the United States Border Patrol after a meeting with drug lord Manny Papi Greco in Mexico. Unknown to Stigman, Trench is an undercover DEA agent and reports to his superior, Jessup, during the heist, Trench and Stigman are surprised to find $43.125 million in the vault instead of the expected $3M. After the heist, Stigman follows orders to betray Trench and escape with the money, unwilling to kill Trench, Stigman wounds Trench in the shoulder, and then sees Trenchs DEA badge. Not sure what to think of Trench, he leaves Trench behind in the desert, Stigman meets with Quince, and after learning what happened, Quince attempts to have Stigman killed. Stigman escapes after learning the money will be transferred to a Navy base in Corpus Christi, meanwhile, a man named Earl aggressively interrogates the Tres Cruces bank manager about the stolen money and also questions the vet who treated Trenchs wounds as he tracks Trenchs movements. However, Trench goes to Stigmans apartment to find out where he took the money, a hit squad sent by Quince attacks the apartment but Trench and Stigman escape. Trench visits Jessup to tell him what happened, but Earl, Earl kills Jessup, frames Trench for the murder and lets him go, making a deal that if Trench returns the $43 million he will be cleared. Trench and Stigman kidnap Greco and interrogate him in the garage at Debs house and they find out Earl is a black ops operative to whom Greco reports, and that the money they stole belonged to the CIA. The garage is attacked by another hit squad, led by Quince, after beating them and receiving a visit from Earl, Greco gives the pair 24 hours to steal the money from the Navy and return it to him, or Deb will die. At the base, Trench infiltrates Quinces office, only to discover Quince is Debs boyfriend, meanwhile, Stigman asks Admiral Tuway for help. Tuway orders Quinces arrest, but disavows Stigman to prevent the scandal from tarnishing the Navys reputation, Quince evades arrest, as does Stigman. Unable to find the money, Trench is too late to prevent Greco from killing Deb and he later realizes that the money is in a motel room that he and Deb frequented and goes to help Stigman, who had returned to Grecos farm alone to exact vengeance. There, Stigman is surrounded by Grecos men until both Quince and Earl intervene, Trench arrives in a car filled with money, and then blows up the car, scattering the money everywhere, which leads to a massive shootout. During a standoff among Quince, Earl, Trench, and Stigman, Earl reveals that the CIA has 20 other secret banks, signaling Stigman with a phrase from an earlier conversation, Stigman shoots Earl, and Trench shoots Quince. Trench and Stigman kill Greco and the duo escapes, but not before Trench shoots Stigman in the leg as payback for shooting him in the desert
24.
Everest (2015 film)
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It stars an ensemble cast of Jason Clarke, Josh Brolin, John Hawkes, Robin Wright, Michael Kelly, Sam Worthington, Keira Knightley, Emily Watson, and Jake Gyllenhaal. It began a wide release in the United States on 25 September 2015, the film was a commercial blockbuster, grossing $203 million worldwide over a $55 million budget and received positive reviews from critics. Kormákur, Universal, Walden Media, Cross Creek and Working Title dedicated the 3D film to the late British actress Natasha Richardson, in May 1996 several commercial expeditions at base camp of Mount Everest prepare for a climb to the summit. Rob Hall, who popularized commercial Everest missions, leads Adventure Consultants, Scott Fischer is chief guide for Robs rival, Helen Wilton manages Robs base camp. A month earlier in New Zealand, Rob says goodbye to his pregnant wife Jan, at base camp Rob receives a fax from her, informing him their baby is a girl. He wants to name her Sarah, but Jan disagrees, worried about climber crowding, Rob persuades Scott to cooperate to reduce delays. On the summit attempt, Robs group departs Camp IV before dawn, planning to complete the ascent and turn around by 2 PM, the group is delayed over an hour after discovering guide ropes are not installed on upper reaches of the climb. Beck has eyesight problems and stops, Rob tells him to return if his condition does not improve in a half-hour. Scott hurries back down to camp to help another climber, Rob reaches the summit on time and is joined by other climbers including Yasuko, who jubilantly plants her Japan flag in the snow. Descending, Rob encounters Doug struggling just above the Hillary Step, Doug insists on continuing, saying he wont get the chance again. Rob reluctantly agrees and they reach the two hours later, well past safe return time. At the summit Scott is exhausted and increasingly suffering from altitude sickness, as Rob helps Doug descend, a blizzard strikes the mountain and Dougs oxygen bottle runs out, causing him to suffer hypoxia. No extra bottles are stored on the route where Rob asked, Doug, left alone briefly by Rob, semi-consciously unclips himself from the guide rope and walks unsteadily along the narrow path. He silently topples to his death a moment later and he tells fellow climbers to continue descending without him. He lies down and later dies, returning climbers reach Beck, his vision still impaired, but they all become lost as the blizzard obliterates the trail. Three climbers go for help, leaving Beck and Yasuko behind, guide Andy Harold Harris reaches Rob with spare oxygen, but it is frozen shut. They huddle in place in the storm, while Rob sleeps, Andy hallucinates, a danger the camp doctor warned of. He strips off his clothing and slides off the mountainside to his death
pronunciation (help·info)) is 2000 film based on the 1996 novel by Hallgrímur Helgason.[1] Both are set in Reykjavík, Iceland, the film was directed by Baltasar Kormákur and stars Victoria Abril and Hilmir Snær Guðnason. The title is taken from the postal code for down-town Reykjavík, "the old city", the film won nine B-class film awards and received ten nominations most notably winning the Discovery Film Award at the Toronto International Film Festival.