1.
Transportation in Edmonton
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The metropolitan area covers over 9,418 km2. This has resulted in a heavily private transportation-oriented transportation network typical of any city of its size in North America. The Edmonton Transit System is the public transportation agency, covering most parts of the city. The smaller city of Fort Saskatchewan contracts out bus services there to ETS, in 1978, Edmonton became the first city with a population of under one million to operate a light rail transit system in North America. The LRT currently runs on two lines - the Capital Line and the Metro Line - extending 24.3 km, the system runs from Clareview Station in northeast Edmonton, across the North Saskatchewan River, to Century Park in the south, and northwest from downtown to NAIT. Of the 18 stations on the network, six are underground running through the downtown core, the ETS operates a fleet of well over 960 buses across the city with 180 regular routes. Edmonton was one of two cities in Canada that operated a bus system until service was discontinued in May 2009. The ETS also operates a system for disabled people called DATS. Commuter service to Edmontons suburbs is provided by Strathcona County Transit, Edmonton is connected to British Columbia and Saskatchewan via the Yellowhead Highway, and to Calgary and Red Deer via the Queen Elizabeth II Highway. Anthony Henday Drive is a 78 km ring road encircling the City of Edmonton completed on October 1,2016, in a clockwise direction, the 78 km of free-flowing road spans from the Yellowhead Trail /Meridian Street in the east to Manning Drive Highway 15 in the northeast. The southeast leg from Calgary Trail/Gateway Boulevard to Highway 14 opened on October 23,2007, the northwest leg of Anthony Henday Drive from Yellowhead Trail in the west to Manning Drive in the northeast opened on November 1,2011. West of Queens Avenue, the avenues also switched, although, unlike the streets and this led to a confusing situation with avenues becoming streets despite no change in direction. For example, MacKenzie Avenue became Boyle Street west of Queens Avenue, the city of Strathcona had adopted a grid and quadrant system before its amalgamation with Edmonton, with the city being centred on Main Street and Whyte Avenue. This street system was similar to that of present-day Calgarys system, having NW, NE, SW, strathconas grid/quadrant system was abandoned in 1914. In 1914, following amalgamation with Strathcona, Edmonton adopted a new numbering system. The centre of the city, Jasper Avenue and 101 Street, was set as the starting point, Jasper Avenue was one of the few streets that was not assigned a number. The other avenues were numbered as if Jasper Avenue had been 101 Avenue, Avenues run east and west, streets run north and south. Avenue numbers increase to the north, street numbers increase to the west, when a street lies between two numbered streets, letters are appended as suffixes
2.
Edmonton
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Edmonton /ˈɛdməntən/ is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Capital Region, the city anchors the north end of what Statistics Canada defines as the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The city had a population of 932,546 in 2016, making it Albertas second-largest city, also in 2016, Edmonton had a metropolitan population of 1,321,426, making it the sixth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada. Edmonton is North Americas northernmost city with a population over one million. A resident of Edmonton is known as an Edmontonian, Edmontons historic growth has been facilitated through the absorption of five adjacent urban municipalities and a series of annexations ending in 1982. Known as the Gateway to the North, the city is a point for large-scale oil sands projects occurring in northern Alberta. Edmonton is a cultural, governmental and educational centre and it hosts a year-round slate of festivals, reflected in the nickname Canadas Festival City. It is home to North Americas largest mall, West Edmonton Mall, in 1754, Anthony Henday, an explorer for the Hudsons Bay Company, may have been the first European to enter the Edmonton area. By 1795, Fort Edmonton was established on the north bank as a major trading post for the Hudsons Bay Company. The new forts name was suggested by John Peter Pruden after Edmonton, London, the home town of both the HBC deputy governor Sir James Winter Lake, and Pruden. In 1876, Treaty 6, which includes what is now Edmonton, was signed between the Aboriginal peoples in Canada and Queen Victoria as Queen of Canada, as part of the Numbered Treaties of Canada. The agreement includes the Plains and Woods Cree, Assiniboine, and other governments of First Nations at Fort Carlton, Fort Pitt. The area covered by the treaty represents most of the area of the current provinces of Saskatchewan. The arrival of the CPR and the C&E Railway helped bring settlers and entrepreneurs from eastern Canada, Europe, U. S. the Edmonton areas fertile soil and cheap land attracted settlers, further establishing Edmonton as a major regional commercial and agricultural centre. Some people participating in the Klondike Gold Rush passed through South Edmonton/Strathcona in 1897, in November 1905, the Canadian Northern Railway arrived in Edmonton, accelerating growth. During the early 1900s, Edmontons rapid growth led to speculation in real estate, in 1912, Edmonton amalgamated with the City of Strathcona, south of the North Saskatchewan River, as a result, the city extended south of the North Saskatchewan River for the first time. Just prior to World War I, the boom ended, many impoverished families moved to subsistence farms outside the city, while others fled to greener pastures in other provinces. Recruitment to the Canadian army during the war contributed to the drop in population
3.
Jasper Avenue
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Downtown Edmonton is the central business district of Edmonton, Alberta. Surrounding neighbourhoods include Oliver to the west, Queen Mary Park, Central McDougall, and McCauley to the north, Boyle Street and Riverdale to the east, and Rossdale to the south. The arts district is in the part of the core with many award winning institutions like the Francis Winspear Centre for Music. Edmonton City Hall is also located here with all buildings facing onto Sir Winston Churchill Square. It is also the site of the new Art Gallery of Alberta, which opened in early 2010, Churchill Square is the main downtown square in Edmonton, and is the heart of the Arts District. The square plays host to a majority of festivals and events in Greater Edmonton. It is bordered on the north by 102A Avenue, on the west by 100 Street, on the south by 102 Avenue, Government Centre is an informal district located at the southwest corner of the downtown core and is the home of the Alberta provincial government. The most notable feature of this part of downtown is the Alberta Legislature Building and its parks, fountains. An underground pedway system connects the Legislature to several of the buildings, including the historic Bowker Building. Federal government offices were housed in the Federal Building at the north-east corner of Government Centre until they relocated to Canada Place, located at the east edge of downtown, in the 1980s. The Federal Building is undergoing a $356 million renovation due to be completed in 2015 for provincial government offices, Transit service is provided by the Government Centre Transit Centre located near the Federal Building and by Grandin LRT Station located just to the west. Jasper Avenue is the main street. It starts at 77 Street in the east, running south west along the edge of Boyle Street until it reaches the downtown core. It then runs due west through downtown and the neighbourhood of Oliver until it reaches 125 Street, Jasper Avenue is a major public transit route as several of Edmontons busiest bus routes travel along it. The LRT travels underneath Jasper Avenue between 99 and 110 Streets, Jasper Avenue has no street number but sits where 101 Avenue would otherwise be. Rice Howard Way comprises 100A Street between Jasper Avenue and 102 Avenue and 101A Avenue between 100 St and 101 St, the portion of 101A Avenue between 100A Street and 101 Street was closed to traffic, making it an open air pedestrian walkway. The rest of Rice Howard Way is open to vehicular traffic, Rice Howard Way has a few prominent office towers like Scotia Place and some restaurants. Rice Howard Ways southern edge has an entrance to the Central LRT Station, the Warehouse District is located between Jasper Avenue and 104 Avenue and between 102 Street and 109 Street
4.
Downtown Edmonton
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Downtown Edmonton is the central business district of Edmonton, Alberta. Surrounding neighbourhoods include Oliver to the west, Queen Mary Park, Central McDougall, and McCauley to the north, Boyle Street and Riverdale to the east, and Rossdale to the south. The arts district is in the part of the core with many award winning institutions like the Francis Winspear Centre for Music. Edmonton City Hall is also located here with all buildings facing onto Sir Winston Churchill Square. It is also the site of the new Art Gallery of Alberta, which opened in early 2010, Churchill Square is the main downtown square in Edmonton, and is the heart of the Arts District. The square plays host to a majority of festivals and events in Greater Edmonton. It is bordered on the north by 102A Avenue, on the west by 100 Street, on the south by 102 Avenue, Government Centre is an informal district located at the southwest corner of the downtown core and is the home of the Alberta provincial government. The most notable feature of this part of downtown is the Alberta Legislature Building and its parks, fountains. An underground pedway system connects the Legislature to several of the buildings, including the historic Bowker Building. Federal government offices were housed in the Federal Building at the north-east corner of Government Centre until they relocated to Canada Place, located at the east edge of downtown, in the 1980s. The Federal Building is undergoing a $356 million renovation due to be completed in 2015 for provincial government offices, Transit service is provided by the Government Centre Transit Centre located near the Federal Building and by Grandin LRT Station located just to the west. Jasper Avenue is the main street. It starts at 77 Street in the east, running south west along the edge of Boyle Street until it reaches the downtown core. It then runs due west through downtown and the neighbourhood of Oliver until it reaches 125 Street, Jasper Avenue is a major public transit route as several of Edmontons busiest bus routes travel along it. The LRT travels underneath Jasper Avenue between 99 and 110 Streets, Jasper Avenue has no street number but sits where 101 Avenue would otherwise be. Rice Howard Way comprises 100A Street between Jasper Avenue and 102 Avenue and 101A Avenue between 100 St and 101 St, the portion of 101A Avenue between 100A Street and 101 Street was closed to traffic, making it an open air pedestrian walkway. The rest of Rice Howard Way is open to vehicular traffic, Rice Howard Way has a few prominent office towers like Scotia Place and some restaurants. Rice Howard Ways southern edge has an entrance to the Central LRT Station, the Warehouse District is located between Jasper Avenue and 104 Avenue and between 102 Street and 109 Street
5.
Alberta
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Alberta is a western province of Canada. With an estimated population of 4,196,457 as of July 1,2015, it is Canadas fourth-most populous province and its area is about 660,000 square kilometres. Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1,1905, the premier has been Rachel Notley since May 2015. Alberta is bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the U. S. state of Montana to the south. Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to only a single U. S. state and one of only two landlocked provinces. About 290 km south of the capital is Calgary, the largest city in Alberta, Calgary and Edmonton centre Albertas two census metropolitan areas, both of which have populations exceeding one million, while the province has 16 census agglomerations. Tourist destinations in the province include Banff, Canmore, Drumheller, Jasper, Alberta is named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, the fourth daughter of Victoria, Queen of Canada, and Albert, Prince Consort. Princess Louise was the wife of John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, Lake Louise and Mount Alberta were also named in her honour. Alberta, with an area of 661,848 km2, is the fourth largest province after Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. To the south, the borders on the 49th parallel north, separating it from the US state of Montana. The province extends 1,223 km north to south and 660 km east to west at its maximum width, with the exception of the semi-arid steppe of the south-eastern section, the province has adequate water resources. There are numerous rivers and lakes used for swimming, fishing, there are three large lakes, Lake Claire in Wood Buffalo National Park, Lesser Slave Lake, and Lake Athabasca which lies in both Alberta and Saskatchewan. The longest river in the province is the Athabasca River which travels 1,538 km from the Columbia Icefield in the Rocky Mountains to Lake Athabasca, the largest river is the Peace River with an average flow of 2161 m3/s. The Peace River originates in the Rocky Mountains of northern British Columbia and flows through northern Alberta and into the Slave River, Albertas capital city, Edmonton, is located approximately in the geographic centre of the province. It is the most northerly city in Canada, and serves as a gateway. The region, with its proximity to Canadas largest oil fields, has most of western Canadas oil refinery capacity, Calgary is located approximately 280 km south of Edmonton and 240 km north of Montana, surrounded by extensive ranching country. Almost 75% of the population lives in the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The land grant policy to the served as a means to populate the province in its early years
6.
North Saskatchewan River
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The North Saskatchewan River is a glacier-fed river that flows east from the Canadian Rockies to central Saskatchewan. It is one of two rivers that join to make up the Saskatchewan River. The Saskatchewan River system is the largest shared between the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan and it includes most of southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan, before crossing into central Manitoba. North Saskatchewan River has a length of 1,287 kilometres, at its end point at Saskatchewan River Forks it has a mean discharge of 245 cubic metres per second. The yearly discharge at the Alberta–Saskatchewan border is more than 7 cubic kilometres, the river begins above 1,800 metres at the toe of the Saskatchewan Glacier in the Columbia Icefield, and flows southeast through Banff National Park alongside the Icefields Parkway. At the junction of the David Thompson Highway, it turns northeast for 10 kilometres before switching to a more direct eastern flow for about 30 kilometres. At this point, it turns north where it arrives at Abraham Lake. Bighorn Dam constricts the north end of Abraham Lake, where the North Saskatchewan emerges to track eastward to Rocky Mountain House, at Rocky Mountain House, the river abruptly turns north again for 100 kilometres where it switches east towards Edmonton, Alberta. From the border, the river flows southeast between North Battleford and Battleford and on in the direction of Saskatoon, about 40 kilometres northwest of Saskatoon, near Langham, the river veers to the northeast where it passes through the City of Prince Albert. About 30 kilometres downstream of Prince Albert, the North Saskatchewan River joins the South Saskatchewan River at Saskatchewan River Forks to become the Saskatchewan River, from there, the river flows east to Tobin Lake and into Manitoba, eventually emptying into Lake Winnipeg. The river course can be divided into five distinct sections, the first, the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, is the smallest area geographically, although the largest in terms of run-off and contributed water flow. The glaciers and perpetual snows of the mountain feed the river year-round. Mountains, with vegetation, experience fast-melting snow cover. The second section of the river comprises the foothills region, the terrain is hilly and rough, with a deeper and more defined valley. This area is covered with forest and muskeg, and run-off into the river is much more constant. From Edmonton to the mouth of the Vermilion River, the North Saskatchewan flows through the plains-parkland divide, the North Saskatchewan River valley parks system, the largest expanses of urban parkland in Canada. Cutting across Edmonton and the Capital Region, the valley of the river is much wider, and the river itself spreads out across shallow water and flows over many shifting sand bars. Low-lying, flat areas, border the river for much of this section, the final section of the river, from Prince Albert to the Saskatchewan River Forks, has many rapids
7.
MacEwan University
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MacEwan University is a post-secondary educational institution located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. MacEwan University is the largest transfer-in post-secondary institution in Alberta and it offers nine baccalaureate degrees, two applied degrees and more than 40 diploma and certificate programs. The university’s five faculties and schools offer programming in fine arts and communications, health and community studies, liberal arts and sciences, nursing, during the 2014-2015 academic year,19,606 full- and part-time students were registered in credit programs. Established in 1971 as Grant MacEwan Community College, the institution was named after Dr. J. W. Grant MacEwan, author, educator, the college was established by the Government of Alberta to fill a perceived need for college-level programs that focused on career development. Initial educational offerings included one and two-year certificate and diploma programs, in 1988 the college was granted approval to offer university transfer credit. In 2004, MacEwan became an accredited degree-granting institution offering its first baccalaureate degrees, on September 24,2009, the institution became Alberta’s sixth university and was officially renamed Grant MacEwan University. In September 2013, the university rebranded itself as MacEwan University for all public communication and marketing purposes, legally. The university states it “provides student-focused instruction in a warm and supportive atmosphere and it also says, We focus on teaching, so our students can focus on learning. It’s been a cornerstone of who we are for more than 40 years, and we continue to build on that reputation. ”MacEwan University offers many scholarships, awards, and bursaries to program students pursuing post-secondary education. In the 2014/2015 academic year, the Student Awards Office managed the distribution of $7.4 million dollars, from internal and external sources, MacEwan Universitys sports teams are known as the Griffins. Mens and womens sports include, basketball, hockey, volleyball, soccer, cross country, curling, the Griffins compete in the Alberta Colleges Athletics Conference, against 16 other post-secondary institutions in Alberta as well as in the Canada West conference of U Sports. Student-athletes on all teams are expected to meet requirements and adhere to sport-specific athletic requirements. In 2011, MacEwan’s athletic department submitted an application to Canada West Universities Athletic Association in an effort to transfer to the national U Sports level of competition, MacEwan University was admitted as a probationary member in 2013. As of 2016, MacEwan University has three campuses, City Centre Campus is the largest of the three campuses, currently spanning six city blocks in downtown Edmonton. The Alberta College Campus is also located downtown, in its early years, MacEwan operated out of a number of small store-front-style campuses in Edmonton. The facilities included Old Scona School, the Workmens Compensation building, construction on City Centre Campus began in 1991 on the former site of the Canadian National rail yards on the northern fringe of the downtown Edmonton core. The land was donated by CN, in September 2009, MacEwan Universitys Board of Governors approved a plan to move all of the university’s operations—spread across four campuses at the time—to the main City Centre Campus. The first step of this consolidation was taken with the opening of the University Service Centre in April 2011
8.
Alberta Highway 2
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Running primarily north to south for approximately 1,273 kilometres, it is the longest and busiest highway in the province carrying nearly 170,000 vehicles per day in central Calgary. The majority of Albertas 4 million residents live in the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor that is bisected by Highway 2. U. S. Route 89 enters Alberta from Montana and becomes Highway 2, in Calgary, the route is a busy freeway named Deerfoot Trail that continues into central Alberta as the Queen Elizabeth II Highway, bypassing Red Deer and bisecting Leduc. In Edmonton, it is concurrent with freeway sections of Highways 216 and 16. It exits the Capital Region through the city of St. Albert, Highway 2 was originally numbered as Highway 1 and is one of the oldest major highways in Alberta, historical names include the Calgary and Edmonton Trail, Sunshine Trail, and the Blue Trail. In southern Alberta, the highway comprised a portion of the proposed Glacier-to-Gulf Motorway that ran from Calgary to Mexico. Major changes include the construction of an expressway between Calgary and Edmonton in the 1960s, realignment along Deerfoot Trail in the 1980s. A1998 Highway 43 realignment shortened Highway 2 by nearly 90 km to its current northern terminus in Grande Prairie, bypasses of Fort Macleod, Claresholm, and Nanton are planned as part of Albertas effort to make its portion of the CANAMEX Corridor free-flowing from border to border. Highway 2 is a route in the National Highway System of Canada. As the main access in Alberta, Highway 2 is the preferred path of the CANAMEX Corridor. Highway 2 begins at the United States border, as the two lane U. S. Route 89 crosses into Canada at Carway, the road proceeds north through the Rocky Mountain Foothills to a brief concurrency with Highway 501, before bisecting the town of Cardston. Less than 1 km before meeting Highway 3 southeast of Fort Macleod, Highway 3 splits east to Lethbridge, and the combined Highways 2 and 3 turn due west through town as a divided highway at a speed limit of 50 km/h. It continues approximately 25 km north to Granum from which Highway 519 splits to the east, in tandem with Highway 23, Highway 519 is often used by CANAMEX traffic to bypass Fort Macleod. Further north on Highway 2, the towns of Claresholm and Nanton are each bisected at reduced speed limit of 50 km/h, the highway is concurrent with Highway 533 for its brief distance through Nanton. North of Nanton, the highway continues into the Municipal District of Foothills to a junction with Highways 23. From its split with Macleod Trail, Highway 2 becomes a major freeway named Deerfoot Trail that descends to cross the Bow River before entering Calgary city limits, in the city it crosses the river twice more, jogging back and forth between its east and west bank. Deerfoot Trail then merges with the routes of Anderson Road. The Deerfoot Trail designation is dropped, and the highway carries on north into Rocky View County, Highway 2 exits north Calgary as a six lane freeway called the Queen Elizabeth II Highway, a name it retains until the southern city limit of Edmonton
9.
Edmonton International Airport
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Edmonton International Airport is the primary air passenger and air cargo facility in the Edmonton region of the Canadian province of Alberta. The airport offers scheduled flights to major cities in Canada, the United States, Mexico. It is a hub facility for Northern Alberta and Northern Canada and it is Canadas largest major airport by total land area, the 5th busiest airport by passenger traffic and by aircraft movements. Operated by Edmonton Airports and located 26 kilometres south southwest of downtown Edmonton in Leduc County on highway 2 opposite of the city of Leduc and it served 7,981,074 passengers in 2015. Transport Canada selected the current site for Edmonton International Airport and purchased over 7,000 acres of land, when the airport opened on November 15,1960, its first terminal was an arch hangar. Today, it is in use by Canadian North, in 1963, a passenger terminal, built in the international style, was opened. It remains in use as the North Terminal, artwork, fired by Alberta Natural Gas, adorned the departures area exterior. A large mural, commissioned by the Canadian government in 1963 for CAD$18,000 titled Bush Pilot in Northern Sky by Jack Shadbolt, an appraisal in 2005 indicated that the mural was worth $750,000, and a restoration of the mural was undertaken in 2007. During the 1970s, the experienced a rapid growth in traffic as the city of Edmonton grew. However, from the early 1980s until 1995, traffic declined and this decline was attributed to the continued usage of Edmonton City Centre Airport as well as to a slowing economy. In a municipal plebiscite in that year, 77% of voting Edmontonians voted to consolidate all scheduled jet service at Edmonton International Airport. In 1998, the airport underwent a $282 million 1998–2005 Redevelopment Project, the three-phase project included the construction of a south terminal and central hall concept, a commuter facility, doubling of the apron, and a multi-storey parkade. This redevelopment project expanded the capacity to 5.5 million. By the time the project was completed in 2005, continued passenger growth triggered planning for another expansion. A new 107, 000-square-foot control and office tower was added in 2009, further expansion was completed in 2013. Functional highlights include seven new gates,14 boarding bridges, six new elevators and moving walkways, over 100 security doors. Incremental improvements like improving de-icing capacity and implementing common use systems for airlines were also delivered, the Renaissance Hotel and the iconic snow-drift inspired control and office tower are recent major additions to the airport landscape. In 2016, the Edmonton International Airport expected to begin twinning Highway 19, the realignment of the highway will allow for the airport to finalize engineering and begin construction on the airports third runway - runway 11/29
10.
Hairpin turn
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The hairpin turns are commonly seen in mountaineous area, and often appear continuously. Such turns in ramps and trails may be called switchbacks in American English, in British English switchback is more likely to refer to a heavily undulating road—a use extended from the rollercoaster and the other type of switchback railway. Hairpin turns are often built when a route climbs up or down a slope, so that it can travel mostly across the slope with only moderate steepness. Highways of this style are generally less costly to build. On occasion, the road may loop completely, using a tunnel or bridge to cross itself at a different elevation, when this routing geometry is used for a rail line, it is called a spiral, or spiral loop. In trail building, an alternative to switchbacks is the stairway, the Geiranger road from Geirangerfjord to the mountain pass won the gold medal on the world exhibition, Paris 1900, the original design included a 270° spiral. Norwegian National Road 7 through Måbødalen has a spiral partly within tunnels, the road from Frangokastello to Kallikratis in Crete has 27 tight bends. Due to mountainous profile of the country are many streets in Greece having tight bends. US441 through Great Smoky Mountains National Park on the Tennessee/North Carolina border, US40 over Berthoud Pass in Colorado. It forms half of the Mount Evans Scenic Byway, pikes Peak Highway in Colorado Springs includes numerous hairpins and switchbacks which are known as Ws. Mexican Autopista 95D has a hairpin turn which is known as La Pera. The Crowsnest Highway in British Columbia, Canada east of Osoyoos has several hairpin turns, a sharp hairpin turn on British Columbia Highway 97 alongside Vaseux Lake near Oliver, British Columbia has been the scene of many accidents and deaths. Nova Scotia Highway 105, part of the Trans-Canada Highway in Cape Breton has a turn after peaking Kellys Mountain before descending to cross the Seal Island Bridge. The Duffy Lake Road in British Columbia descending into Pemberton from Lillooet, 50°184. 31N, 122°354. 50W The Paso Internacional Los Libertadores has several switchbacks on the Chilean side of the pass. 26 below the tunnel entrance alone, in Japan, there is the known Nikkō Irohazaka, a one-way switchback mountain road, located at Nikko, Tochigi. This road plays a significant role in Japanese history, The route was popular with Buddhist pilgrims on their way to Lake Chuzenji, iroha-Zaka ascends more than 1,300 feet. In Macau, a part of the Guia Circuit is a hairpin turn, in India, the Gata Loops, a part of the route from Manali to Leh. And the Agumbe Ghat road from Udupi to Teerthahalli in Karnataka have 13 hairpin turns, in fact, most of the Ghats include at least one hairpin turn
11.
109 Street, Edmonton
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109 Street is an arterial road in central Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It takes travelers out of Downtown to the south to Old Strathcona and it passes several Edmonton landmarks including the Garneau Theatre, Alberta Legislature Building, MacEwan University, RCMP K Division Headquarters, and Kingsway Mall. It is a street, southbound, from 97 Avenue to Saskatchewan Drive. Before Edmontons amalgamation with Strathcona in 1912, the Edmonton portion was known as 9 Street
12.
Fort Edmonton
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Fort Edmonton was the name of a series of trading posts of the Hudsons Bay Company from 1795 to 1891, all of which were located in central Alberta, Canada. From 1795 to 1821 it was paired with the North West Companys Fort Augustus, the fifth and final Fort Edmonton was the one that evolved into present-day Edmonton. Fort Edmonton was also called Fort-des-Prairies, by French-Canadians trappers and coureurs des bois, in the late 18th century, the Hudsons Bay Company was in fierce competition with the North West Company for the trade of animal furs in Ruperts Land. As one company established a fur trading post, the other would counter by building another post in close proximity, expansion down the Saskatchewan River began in the 1790s. In the summer of 1795, the North West Company constructed Fort Augustus where the Sturgeon River meets the North Saskatchewan River near the city of Fort Saskatchewan. In the following autumn, Hudsons Bay constructed Edmonton House nearby, Fort Edmonton was named by John Peter Pruden, clerk to the HBCs George Sutherland. The Fort was named after Edmonton, Middlesex, England, birthplace of both Pruden and HBC Deputy Governor Sir James Winter Lake and this area had been a gathering place for aboriginals in the region for thousands of years. The first woman of European descent to live in this region was the French-Canadian Marie-Anne Gaboury and she had accompanied her fur trader husband, Jean-Baptiste Lagimodière, into the west, and was known to take part in hunting expeditions. They lived in Fort Augustus from 1807 to 1811, John Rowand, chief factor at Fort Edmonton from 1823 to 1854, first worked at Fort Augustus from 1804 to 1806, he was stationed there again from 1808 onward. The two posts shared a palisade from this time forward, Fort Edmonton and Fort Augustus moved back to the second site at the Rossdale flats, it having proven to be a site more amenable for the tribes to visit. The name Fort Augustus was dropped following the merger of the Hudsons Bay Company, the former Nor Wester John Rowand was placed in charge of Edmonton in 1821 as chief trader. In 1823, Rowand was promoted to chief factor, Rowand managed Saskatchewan District from Fort Edmonton until his death in 1854. Due to floods in the late 1820s, the Fort on the Rossdale flats had to be moved to higher ground and this fifth and final fort was built on the site that is now inhabited by the Alberta Legislature Building. At this time, a member of the HBC, John Edward Harriott. The two gained family ties when Harriott married one of Rowands daughters, on a couple of occasions when Rowand joined HBC Inland Governor George Simpson for travel abroad, Harriott acted as chief factor. Rowands administration from the 1830s onward coincided with a change in the Saskatchewan District. For the first time, missionaries, artists, and curious travellers came to Edmonton to visit, sometimes for extended periods, prior to this time, the only Europeans to come that far into the west were men on some sort of company business. With Rowand having made Edmonton his home, the became an important centre in the west
105 Avenue – MacEwan station
