1.
Transportation in Edmonton
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The metropolitan area covers over 9,418 km2. This has resulted in a heavily private transportation-oriented transportation network typical of any city of its size in North America. The Edmonton Transit System is the public transportation agency, covering most parts of the city. The smaller city of Fort Saskatchewan contracts out bus services there to ETS, in 1978, Edmonton became the first city with a population of under one million to operate a light rail transit system in North America. The LRT currently runs on two lines - the Capital Line and the Metro Line - extending 24.3 km, the system runs from Clareview Station in northeast Edmonton, across the North Saskatchewan River, to Century Park in the south, and northwest from downtown to NAIT. Of the 18 stations on the network, six are underground running through the downtown core, the ETS operates a fleet of well over 960 buses across the city with 180 regular routes. Edmonton was one of two cities in Canada that operated a bus system until service was discontinued in May 2009. The ETS also operates a system for disabled people called DATS. Commuter service to Edmontons suburbs is provided by Strathcona County Transit, Edmonton is connected to British Columbia and Saskatchewan via the Yellowhead Highway, and to Calgary and Red Deer via the Queen Elizabeth II Highway. Anthony Henday Drive is a 78 km ring road encircling the City of Edmonton completed on October 1,2016, in a clockwise direction, the 78 km of free-flowing road spans from the Yellowhead Trail /Meridian Street in the east to Manning Drive Highway 15 in the northeast. The southeast leg from Calgary Trail/Gateway Boulevard to Highway 14 opened on October 23,2007, the northwest leg of Anthony Henday Drive from Yellowhead Trail in the west to Manning Drive in the northeast opened on November 1,2011. West of Queens Avenue, the avenues also switched, although, unlike the streets and this led to a confusing situation with avenues becoming streets despite no change in direction. For example, MacKenzie Avenue became Boyle Street west of Queens Avenue, the city of Strathcona had adopted a grid and quadrant system before its amalgamation with Edmonton, with the city being centred on Main Street and Whyte Avenue. This street system was similar to that of present-day Calgarys system, having NW, NE, SW, strathconas grid/quadrant system was abandoned in 1914. In 1914, following amalgamation with Strathcona, Edmonton adopted a new numbering system. The centre of the city, Jasper Avenue and 101 Street, was set as the starting point, Jasper Avenue was one of the few streets that was not assigned a number. The other avenues were numbered as if Jasper Avenue had been 101 Avenue, Avenues run east and west, streets run north and south. Avenue numbers increase to the north, street numbers increase to the west, when a street lies between two numbered streets, letters are appended as suffixes
2.
Edmonton
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Edmonton /ˈɛdməntən/ is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Capital Region, the city anchors the north end of what Statistics Canada defines as the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The city had a population of 932,546 in 2016, making it Albertas second-largest city, also in 2016, Edmonton had a metropolitan population of 1,321,426, making it the sixth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada. Edmonton is North Americas northernmost city with a population over one million. A resident of Edmonton is known as an Edmontonian, Edmontons historic growth has been facilitated through the absorption of five adjacent urban municipalities and a series of annexations ending in 1982. Known as the Gateway to the North, the city is a point for large-scale oil sands projects occurring in northern Alberta. Edmonton is a cultural, governmental and educational centre and it hosts a year-round slate of festivals, reflected in the nickname Canadas Festival City. It is home to North Americas largest mall, West Edmonton Mall, in 1754, Anthony Henday, an explorer for the Hudsons Bay Company, may have been the first European to enter the Edmonton area. By 1795, Fort Edmonton was established on the north bank as a major trading post for the Hudsons Bay Company. The new forts name was suggested by John Peter Pruden after Edmonton, London, the home town of both the HBC deputy governor Sir James Winter Lake, and Pruden. In 1876, Treaty 6, which includes what is now Edmonton, was signed between the Aboriginal peoples in Canada and Queen Victoria as Queen of Canada, as part of the Numbered Treaties of Canada. The agreement includes the Plains and Woods Cree, Assiniboine, and other governments of First Nations at Fort Carlton, Fort Pitt. The area covered by the treaty represents most of the area of the current provinces of Saskatchewan. The arrival of the CPR and the C&E Railway helped bring settlers and entrepreneurs from eastern Canada, Europe, U. S. the Edmonton areas fertile soil and cheap land attracted settlers, further establishing Edmonton as a major regional commercial and agricultural centre. Some people participating in the Klondike Gold Rush passed through South Edmonton/Strathcona in 1897, in November 1905, the Canadian Northern Railway arrived in Edmonton, accelerating growth. During the early 1900s, Edmontons rapid growth led to speculation in real estate, in 1912, Edmonton amalgamated with the City of Strathcona, south of the North Saskatchewan River, as a result, the city extended south of the North Saskatchewan River for the first time. Just prior to World War I, the boom ended, many impoverished families moved to subsistence farms outside the city, while others fled to greener pastures in other provinces. Recruitment to the Canadian army during the war contributed to the drop in population
3.
97/98/101 Avenue, Edmonton
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Downtown Edmonton is the central business district of Edmonton, Alberta. Surrounding neighbourhoods include Oliver to the west, Queen Mary Park, Central McDougall, and McCauley to the north, Boyle Street and Riverdale to the east, and Rossdale to the south. The arts district is in the part of the core with many award winning institutions like the Francis Winspear Centre for Music. Edmonton City Hall is also located here with all buildings facing onto Sir Winston Churchill Square. It is also the site of the new Art Gallery of Alberta, which opened in early 2010, Churchill Square is the main downtown square in Edmonton, and is the heart of the Arts District. The square plays host to a majority of festivals and events in Greater Edmonton. It is bordered on the north by 102A Avenue, on the west by 100 Street, on the south by 102 Avenue, Government Centre is an informal district located at the southwest corner of the downtown core and is the home of the Alberta provincial government. The most notable feature of this part of downtown is the Alberta Legislature Building and its parks, fountains. An underground pedway system connects the Legislature to several of the buildings, including the historic Bowker Building. Federal government offices were housed in the Federal Building at the north-east corner of Government Centre until they relocated to Canada Place, located at the east edge of downtown, in the 1980s. The Federal Building is undergoing a $356 million renovation due to be completed in 2015 for provincial government offices, Transit service is provided by the Government Centre Transit Centre located near the Federal Building and by Grandin LRT Station located just to the west. Jasper Avenue is the main street. It starts at 77 Street in the east, running south west along the edge of Boyle Street until it reaches the downtown core. It then runs due west through downtown and the neighbourhood of Oliver until it reaches 125 Street, Jasper Avenue is a major public transit route as several of Edmontons busiest bus routes travel along it. The LRT travels underneath Jasper Avenue between 99 and 110 Streets, Jasper Avenue has no street number but sits where 101 Avenue would otherwise be. Rice Howard Way comprises 100A Street between Jasper Avenue and 102 Avenue and 101A Avenue between 100 St and 101 St, the portion of 101A Avenue between 100A Street and 101 Street was closed to traffic, making it an open air pedestrian walkway. The rest of Rice Howard Way is open to vehicular traffic, Rice Howard Way has a few prominent office towers like Scotia Place and some restaurants. Rice Howard Ways southern edge has an entrance to the Central LRT Station, the Warehouse District is located between Jasper Avenue and 104 Avenue and between 102 Street and 109 Street
4.
Jasper Avenue
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Downtown Edmonton is the central business district of Edmonton, Alberta. Surrounding neighbourhoods include Oliver to the west, Queen Mary Park, Central McDougall, and McCauley to the north, Boyle Street and Riverdale to the east, and Rossdale to the south. The arts district is in the part of the core with many award winning institutions like the Francis Winspear Centre for Music. Edmonton City Hall is also located here with all buildings facing onto Sir Winston Churchill Square. It is also the site of the new Art Gallery of Alberta, which opened in early 2010, Churchill Square is the main downtown square in Edmonton, and is the heart of the Arts District. The square plays host to a majority of festivals and events in Greater Edmonton. It is bordered on the north by 102A Avenue, on the west by 100 Street, on the south by 102 Avenue, Government Centre is an informal district located at the southwest corner of the downtown core and is the home of the Alberta provincial government. The most notable feature of this part of downtown is the Alberta Legislature Building and its parks, fountains. An underground pedway system connects the Legislature to several of the buildings, including the historic Bowker Building. Federal government offices were housed in the Federal Building at the north-east corner of Government Centre until they relocated to Canada Place, located at the east edge of downtown, in the 1980s. The Federal Building is undergoing a $356 million renovation due to be completed in 2015 for provincial government offices, Transit service is provided by the Government Centre Transit Centre located near the Federal Building and by Grandin LRT Station located just to the west. Jasper Avenue is the main street. It starts at 77 Street in the east, running south west along the edge of Boyle Street until it reaches the downtown core. It then runs due west through downtown and the neighbourhood of Oliver until it reaches 125 Street, Jasper Avenue is a major public transit route as several of Edmontons busiest bus routes travel along it. The LRT travels underneath Jasper Avenue between 99 and 110 Streets, Jasper Avenue has no street number but sits where 101 Avenue would otherwise be. Rice Howard Way comprises 100A Street between Jasper Avenue and 102 Avenue and 101A Avenue between 100 St and 101 St, the portion of 101A Avenue between 100A Street and 101 Street was closed to traffic, making it an open air pedestrian walkway. The rest of Rice Howard Way is open to vehicular traffic, Rice Howard Way has a few prominent office towers like Scotia Place and some restaurants. Rice Howard Ways southern edge has an entrance to the Central LRT Station, the Warehouse District is located between Jasper Avenue and 104 Avenue and between 102 Street and 109 Street
5.
Stony Plain Road
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Stony Plain Road is a major arterial road in west Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Parkland Highway is a route to the corresponding section of Alberta Highway 16 in Parkland County. Stony Plain Road enters Edmonton city limits at 231 Street, soon after entering the city limits, the westbound and eastbound traffic lanes separate into two separate one-way streets. Stony Plain Road at this time only to the westbound street. Both sections cross Edmontons ring road, Anthony Henday Drive and this is especially true near the intersection with 170 Street, however, Stony Plain Road is primarily a westbound road, and the eastbound lanes end at 175 Street. After 170 Street the road again carries both directions of traffic, but 100 Avenue remains a street until 163 Street. East of 170 Street the road passes by the Mayfield Common strip mall, and through some mixed residential-commercial areas, at 142 Street, Stony Plain Road becomes 102 Avenue, and continues through downtown. Stony Plain Road begins again as an outshoot of 102 Avenue into the quiet, upscale residential neighbourhoods of Glenora and, after passing over Groat Road, after crossing 121 Street, the roads name changes to 104 Avenue. 104 Avenue passes in front of the old Molsons brewery, prior to 1989,104 Avenue formed the south boundary of the Old Canadian National rail yard. After the railway yards closure,104 Avenue became a site of redevelopment. Here the road passes a block south of the boundary between Oliver and Downtown and the neighbourhoods of Queen Mary Park and Central McDougall, the so-called North Edge of downtown. From 112 Street to 104 Street,104 Avenue runs along the side of MacEwan University City Centre Campus. Continuing east,104 Avenue passes the 104 Street Promenade in Edmontons warehouse district, the Bacarat Casino, eventually it merges into Jasper Avenue. 102 Avenue is a arterial road west of downtown Edmonton. The 102 Avenue is first occupied by Stony Plain Road at 149 Street and it then changes name to 102 Avenue at 142 Street. Before flying over Groat Road it passes by the Royal Alberta Museum, then it sees the start of Jasper Avenue at 125 Street. At 124 Street it goes from being an arterial to a collector road,102 Avenue comes to an end at 111 Street. 102 Avenue begins again after 110 Street as a local road, and continues through Downtown Edmonton
6.
107 Avenue, Edmonton
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107 Avenue is a major arterial road in west-central Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It serves Edmontons west side industrial distract, the old town of Jasper Place, the area north of Downtown Edmonton, Commonwealth Stadium. Also, Chinatown lies just south of Avenue of Nations,107 Avenue changes names at 101 Street to 107A Avenue. 107A Avenue changes names at 92 Street to Stadium Road, Stadium Road changes names at 112 Avenue to 86 Street. List of neighbourhoods 107 Avenue runs through, in order from west to east
7.
Arterial road
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An arterial road or arterial thoroughfare is a high-capacity urban road. The primary function of a road is to deliver traffic from collector roads to freeways or expressways. As such, many arteries are limited-access roads, or feature restrictions on private access, though the design of arterial roads varies from country to country, city to city, and even within cities, they share a number of common design characteristics. For example, in cities, arteries are arranged in concentric circles or in a grid. Many jurisdictions also classify arterial roads as either principal or minor, in traffic engineering hierarchy, an arterial road delivers traffic between collector roads and freeways. For new arterial roads, intersections are often reduced to increase traffic flow, in California, arterial roads are usually spaced every half mile, and have intersecting collector and streets. The Traffic Engineering Handbook describes Arterials as being either principal or minor, both classes serve to carry longer-distance flows between important centers of activity. Arterials are laid out as the backbone of a network and should be designed to afford the highest level of service, as is practical. The construction and development of roads is achieved through two methods. By far the most common is the upgrading of an existing right-of-way during subdivision development, when existing structures prohibit the widening of an existing road however, bypasses are often constructed. Because of the placement and general continuity of arterial road corridors, sewers, water mains, conduits, in North America, traffic signals are used at most intersections. In Europe, large roundabouts are more commonly seen at the busier junctions, speed limits are typically between 30 and 50 mph, depending on the density of use of the surrounding development. In school zones, speeds may be reduced, likewise, in sparsely developed or rural areas. The width of arterial roads can range from four lanes to ten or more, some are divided at the center, while others share a common center lane, such as a contraflow lane or central turning lane. As with other types, environmental consequences derive from arterial roadways, including air pollution generation, noise pollution
8.
Downtown Edmonton
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Downtown Edmonton is the central business district of Edmonton, Alberta. Surrounding neighbourhoods include Oliver to the west, Queen Mary Park, Central McDougall, and McCauley to the north, Boyle Street and Riverdale to the east, and Rossdale to the south. The arts district is in the part of the core with many award winning institutions like the Francis Winspear Centre for Music. Edmonton City Hall is also located here with all buildings facing onto Sir Winston Churchill Square. It is also the site of the new Art Gallery of Alberta, which opened in early 2010, Churchill Square is the main downtown square in Edmonton, and is the heart of the Arts District. The square plays host to a majority of festivals and events in Greater Edmonton. It is bordered on the north by 102A Avenue, on the west by 100 Street, on the south by 102 Avenue, Government Centre is an informal district located at the southwest corner of the downtown core and is the home of the Alberta provincial government. The most notable feature of this part of downtown is the Alberta Legislature Building and its parks, fountains. An underground pedway system connects the Legislature to several of the buildings, including the historic Bowker Building. Federal government offices were housed in the Federal Building at the north-east corner of Government Centre until they relocated to Canada Place, located at the east edge of downtown, in the 1980s. The Federal Building is undergoing a $356 million renovation due to be completed in 2015 for provincial government offices, Transit service is provided by the Government Centre Transit Centre located near the Federal Building and by Grandin LRT Station located just to the west. Jasper Avenue is the main street. It starts at 77 Street in the east, running south west along the edge of Boyle Street until it reaches the downtown core. It then runs due west through downtown and the neighbourhood of Oliver until it reaches 125 Street, Jasper Avenue is a major public transit route as several of Edmontons busiest bus routes travel along it. The LRT travels underneath Jasper Avenue between 99 and 110 Streets, Jasper Avenue has no street number but sits where 101 Avenue would otherwise be. Rice Howard Way comprises 100A Street between Jasper Avenue and 102 Avenue and 101A Avenue between 100 St and 101 St, the portion of 101A Avenue between 100A Street and 101 Street was closed to traffic, making it an open air pedestrian walkway. The rest of Rice Howard Way is open to vehicular traffic, Rice Howard Way has a few prominent office towers like Scotia Place and some restaurants. Rice Howard Ways southern edge has an entrance to the Central LRT Station, the Warehouse District is located between Jasper Avenue and 104 Avenue and between 102 Street and 109 Street
9.
Alberta
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Alberta is a western province of Canada. With an estimated population of 4,196,457 as of July 1,2015, it is Canadas fourth-most populous province and its area is about 660,000 square kilometres. Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1,1905, the premier has been Rachel Notley since May 2015. Alberta is bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the U. S. state of Montana to the south. Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to only a single U. S. state and one of only two landlocked provinces. About 290 km south of the capital is Calgary, the largest city in Alberta, Calgary and Edmonton centre Albertas two census metropolitan areas, both of which have populations exceeding one million, while the province has 16 census agglomerations. Tourist destinations in the province include Banff, Canmore, Drumheller, Jasper, Alberta is named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, the fourth daughter of Victoria, Queen of Canada, and Albert, Prince Consort. Princess Louise was the wife of John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, Lake Louise and Mount Alberta were also named in her honour. Alberta, with an area of 661,848 km2, is the fourth largest province after Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. To the south, the borders on the 49th parallel north, separating it from the US state of Montana. The province extends 1,223 km north to south and 660 km east to west at its maximum width, with the exception of the semi-arid steppe of the south-eastern section, the province has adequate water resources. There are numerous rivers and lakes used for swimming, fishing, there are three large lakes, Lake Claire in Wood Buffalo National Park, Lesser Slave Lake, and Lake Athabasca which lies in both Alberta and Saskatchewan. The longest river in the province is the Athabasca River which travels 1,538 km from the Columbia Icefield in the Rocky Mountains to Lake Athabasca, the largest river is the Peace River with an average flow of 2161 m3/s. The Peace River originates in the Rocky Mountains of northern British Columbia and flows through northern Alberta and into the Slave River, Albertas capital city, Edmonton, is located approximately in the geographic centre of the province. It is the most northerly city in Canada, and serves as a gateway. The region, with its proximity to Canadas largest oil fields, has most of western Canadas oil refinery capacity, Calgary is located approximately 280 km south of Edmonton and 240 km north of Montana, surrounded by extensive ranching country. Almost 75% of the population lives in the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The land grant policy to the served as a means to populate the province in its early years
10.
North Saskatchewan River
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The North Saskatchewan River is a glacier-fed river that flows east from the Canadian Rockies to central Saskatchewan. It is one of two rivers that join to make up the Saskatchewan River. The Saskatchewan River system is the largest shared between the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan and it includes most of southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan, before crossing into central Manitoba. North Saskatchewan River has a length of 1,287 kilometres, at its end point at Saskatchewan River Forks it has a mean discharge of 245 cubic metres per second. The yearly discharge at the Alberta–Saskatchewan border is more than 7 cubic kilometres, the river begins above 1,800 metres at the toe of the Saskatchewan Glacier in the Columbia Icefield, and flows southeast through Banff National Park alongside the Icefields Parkway. At the junction of the David Thompson Highway, it turns northeast for 10 kilometres before switching to a more direct eastern flow for about 30 kilometres. At this point, it turns north where it arrives at Abraham Lake. Bighorn Dam constricts the north end of Abraham Lake, where the North Saskatchewan emerges to track eastward to Rocky Mountain House, at Rocky Mountain House, the river abruptly turns north again for 100 kilometres where it switches east towards Edmonton, Alberta. From the border, the river flows southeast between North Battleford and Battleford and on in the direction of Saskatoon, about 40 kilometres northwest of Saskatoon, near Langham, the river veers to the northeast where it passes through the City of Prince Albert. About 30 kilometres downstream of Prince Albert, the North Saskatchewan River joins the South Saskatchewan River at Saskatchewan River Forks to become the Saskatchewan River, from there, the river flows east to Tobin Lake and into Manitoba, eventually emptying into Lake Winnipeg. The river course can be divided into five distinct sections, the first, the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, is the smallest area geographically, although the largest in terms of run-off and contributed water flow. The glaciers and perpetual snows of the mountain feed the river year-round. Mountains, with vegetation, experience fast-melting snow cover. The second section of the river comprises the foothills region, the terrain is hilly and rough, with a deeper and more defined valley. This area is covered with forest and muskeg, and run-off into the river is much more constant. From Edmonton to the mouth of the Vermilion River, the North Saskatchewan flows through the plains-parkland divide, the North Saskatchewan River valley parks system, the largest expanses of urban parkland in Canada. Cutting across Edmonton and the Capital Region, the valley of the river is much wider, and the river itself spreads out across shallow water and flows over many shifting sand bars. Low-lying, flat areas, border the river for much of this section, the final section of the river, from Prince Albert to the Saskatchewan River Forks, has many rapids
11.
MacEwan University
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MacEwan University is a post-secondary educational institution located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. MacEwan University is the largest transfer-in post-secondary institution in Alberta and it offers nine baccalaureate degrees, two applied degrees and more than 40 diploma and certificate programs. The university’s five faculties and schools offer programming in fine arts and communications, health and community studies, liberal arts and sciences, nursing, during the 2014-2015 academic year,19,606 full- and part-time students were registered in credit programs. Established in 1971 as Grant MacEwan Community College, the institution was named after Dr. J. W. Grant MacEwan, author, educator, the college was established by the Government of Alberta to fill a perceived need for college-level programs that focused on career development. Initial educational offerings included one and two-year certificate and diploma programs, in 1988 the college was granted approval to offer university transfer credit. In 2004, MacEwan became an accredited degree-granting institution offering its first baccalaureate degrees, on September 24,2009, the institution became Alberta’s sixth university and was officially renamed Grant MacEwan University. In September 2013, the university rebranded itself as MacEwan University for all public communication and marketing purposes, legally. The university states it “provides student-focused instruction in a warm and supportive atmosphere and it also says, We focus on teaching, so our students can focus on learning. It’s been a cornerstone of who we are for more than 40 years, and we continue to build on that reputation. ”MacEwan University offers many scholarships, awards, and bursaries to program students pursuing post-secondary education. In the 2014/2015 academic year, the Student Awards Office managed the distribution of $7.4 million dollars, from internal and external sources, MacEwan Universitys sports teams are known as the Griffins. Mens and womens sports include, basketball, hockey, volleyball, soccer, cross country, curling, the Griffins compete in the Alberta Colleges Athletics Conference, against 16 other post-secondary institutions in Alberta as well as in the Canada West conference of U Sports. Student-athletes on all teams are expected to meet requirements and adhere to sport-specific athletic requirements. In 2011, MacEwan’s athletic department submitted an application to Canada West Universities Athletic Association in an effort to transfer to the national U Sports level of competition, MacEwan University was admitted as a probationary member in 2013. As of 2016, MacEwan University has three campuses, City Centre Campus is the largest of the three campuses, currently spanning six city blocks in downtown Edmonton. The Alberta College Campus is also located downtown, in its early years, MacEwan operated out of a number of small store-front-style campuses in Edmonton. The facilities included Old Scona School, the Workmens Compensation building, construction on City Centre Campus began in 1991 on the former site of the Canadian National rail yards on the northern fringe of the downtown Edmonton core. The land was donated by CN, in September 2009, MacEwan Universitys Board of Governors approved a plan to move all of the university’s operations—spread across four campuses at the time—to the main City Centre Campus. The first step of this consolidation was taken with the opening of the University Service Centre in April 2011
12.
North Saskatchewan River valley parks system
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The North Saskatchewan River valley parks system is a continuous collection of urban parks in the North Saskatchewan River valley of Edmonton, Alberta. Edmontons river valley comprises over 20 major parks and attractions and forms the largest expanses of urban parkland in Canada, the public river valley parks provide a unique urban escape area with park styles ranging from fully serviced urban parks to campsite-like facilities with few amenities. At 7,400 ha in size and 48 km in length, the valley parks system consists of 22 ravines. Most of the city has bike and walking trail connections and these trails are also part of the 235 km Waskahegan walking trail. Several golf courses, both public and private, are located in the river valley. The long summer daylight hours of this northern city provide for extended play well into the evening, golf courses and the park system become a winter recreation area during this season. Cross-country skiing and skating are popular during the long winter, four downhill ski slopes are located in the river valley as well, two within the city and two immediately outside. The City of Edmonton has named five parks in its river valley system in honour of each of The Famous Five. The river valley parks in particular are part of the Waskahegan, Edmontons river valley park system is home to porcupines, deer, coyotes, skunks, muskrats, rabbits, and beavers. Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, White Spruce, White Birch, Aspen, Green Ash, Basswood, various poplars and willows, introduced tree species include Blue Spruce, Norway Maple, Red Oak, Sugar Maple, Common Horse-chestnut, McIntosh Apple, and Evans Cherry. Three walnut species -- Butternut, Manchurian Walnut and Black Walnut—have survived in Edmonton, the idea of uniting the parks of the river valley into one parks system dates back to at least the 1970s. The River Valley Alliance is a grouping of municipal governments in the Edmonton region that have committed to expanding the River Valley Parks System outside of Edmontons city limits. The plan calls for a 18, 000-acre zone to be called the Capital Region Valley Park stretched over 88 kilometres running from Devon to Fort Saskatchewan. In January 2008, the City of Edmonton paid a record C$7 million to buy a parcel of land to fill in a gap in the continuous chain of parks. The city further promised to spend C$20 million of pedestrian bridges and trails, but said that the as yet unnamed park would be left in an undeveloped state
13.
Alberta Highway 2
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Running primarily north to south for approximately 1,273 kilometres, it is the longest and busiest highway in the province carrying nearly 170,000 vehicles per day in central Calgary. The majority of Albertas 4 million residents live in the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor that is bisected by Highway 2. U. S. Route 89 enters Alberta from Montana and becomes Highway 2, in Calgary, the route is a busy freeway named Deerfoot Trail that continues into central Alberta as the Queen Elizabeth II Highway, bypassing Red Deer and bisecting Leduc. In Edmonton, it is concurrent with freeway sections of Highways 216 and 16. It exits the Capital Region through the city of St. Albert, Highway 2 was originally numbered as Highway 1 and is one of the oldest major highways in Alberta, historical names include the Calgary and Edmonton Trail, Sunshine Trail, and the Blue Trail. In southern Alberta, the highway comprised a portion of the proposed Glacier-to-Gulf Motorway that ran from Calgary to Mexico. Major changes include the construction of an expressway between Calgary and Edmonton in the 1960s, realignment along Deerfoot Trail in the 1980s. A1998 Highway 43 realignment shortened Highway 2 by nearly 90 km to its current northern terminus in Grande Prairie, bypasses of Fort Macleod, Claresholm, and Nanton are planned as part of Albertas effort to make its portion of the CANAMEX Corridor free-flowing from border to border. Highway 2 is a route in the National Highway System of Canada. As the main access in Alberta, Highway 2 is the preferred path of the CANAMEX Corridor. Highway 2 begins at the United States border, as the two lane U. S. Route 89 crosses into Canada at Carway, the road proceeds north through the Rocky Mountain Foothills to a brief concurrency with Highway 501, before bisecting the town of Cardston. Less than 1 km before meeting Highway 3 southeast of Fort Macleod, Highway 3 splits east to Lethbridge, and the combined Highways 2 and 3 turn due west through town as a divided highway at a speed limit of 50 km/h. It continues approximately 25 km north to Granum from which Highway 519 splits to the east, in tandem with Highway 23, Highway 519 is often used by CANAMEX traffic to bypass Fort Macleod. Further north on Highway 2, the towns of Claresholm and Nanton are each bisected at reduced speed limit of 50 km/h, the highway is concurrent with Highway 533 for its brief distance through Nanton. North of Nanton, the highway continues into the Municipal District of Foothills to a junction with Highways 23. From its split with Macleod Trail, Highway 2 becomes a major freeway named Deerfoot Trail that descends to cross the Bow River before entering Calgary city limits, in the city it crosses the river twice more, jogging back and forth between its east and west bank. Deerfoot Trail then merges with the routes of Anderson Road. The Deerfoot Trail designation is dropped, and the highway carries on north into Rocky View County, Highway 2 exits north Calgary as a six lane freeway called the Queen Elizabeth II Highway, a name it retains until the southern city limit of Edmonton
14.
Edmonton International Airport
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Edmonton International Airport is the primary air passenger and air cargo facility in the Edmonton region of the Canadian province of Alberta. The airport offers scheduled flights to major cities in Canada, the United States, Mexico. It is a hub facility for Northern Alberta and Northern Canada and it is Canadas largest major airport by total land area, the 5th busiest airport by passenger traffic and by aircraft movements. Operated by Edmonton Airports and located 26 kilometres south southwest of downtown Edmonton in Leduc County on highway 2 opposite of the city of Leduc and it served 7,981,074 passengers in 2015. Transport Canada selected the current site for Edmonton International Airport and purchased over 7,000 acres of land, when the airport opened on November 15,1960, its first terminal was an arch hangar. Today, it is in use by Canadian North, in 1963, a passenger terminal, built in the international style, was opened. It remains in use as the North Terminal, artwork, fired by Alberta Natural Gas, adorned the departures area exterior. A large mural, commissioned by the Canadian government in 1963 for CAD$18,000 titled Bush Pilot in Northern Sky by Jack Shadbolt, an appraisal in 2005 indicated that the mural was worth $750,000, and a restoration of the mural was undertaken in 2007. During the 1970s, the experienced a rapid growth in traffic as the city of Edmonton grew. However, from the early 1980s until 1995, traffic declined and this decline was attributed to the continued usage of Edmonton City Centre Airport as well as to a slowing economy. In a municipal plebiscite in that year, 77% of voting Edmontonians voted to consolidate all scheduled jet service at Edmonton International Airport. In 1998, the airport underwent a $282 million 1998–2005 Redevelopment Project, the three-phase project included the construction of a south terminal and central hall concept, a commuter facility, doubling of the apron, and a multi-storey parkade. This redevelopment project expanded the capacity to 5.5 million. By the time the project was completed in 2005, continued passenger growth triggered planning for another expansion. A new 107, 000-square-foot control and office tower was added in 2009, further expansion was completed in 2013. Functional highlights include seven new gates,14 boarding bridges, six new elevators and moving walkways, over 100 security doors. Incremental improvements like improving de-icing capacity and implementing common use systems for airlines were also delivered, the Renaissance Hotel and the iconic snow-drift inspired control and office tower are recent major additions to the airport landscape. In 2016, the Edmonton International Airport expected to begin twinning Highway 19, the realignment of the highway will allow for the airport to finalize engineering and begin construction on the airports third runway - runway 11/29
15.
Hairpin turn
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The hairpin turns are commonly seen in mountaineous area, and often appear continuously. Such turns in ramps and trails may be called switchbacks in American English, in British English switchback is more likely to refer to a heavily undulating road—a use extended from the rollercoaster and the other type of switchback railway. Hairpin turns are often built when a route climbs up or down a slope, so that it can travel mostly across the slope with only moderate steepness. Highways of this style are generally less costly to build. On occasion, the road may loop completely, using a tunnel or bridge to cross itself at a different elevation, when this routing geometry is used for a rail line, it is called a spiral, or spiral loop. In trail building, an alternative to switchbacks is the stairway, the Geiranger road from Geirangerfjord to the mountain pass won the gold medal on the world exhibition, Paris 1900, the original design included a 270° spiral. Norwegian National Road 7 through Måbødalen has a spiral partly within tunnels, the road from Frangokastello to Kallikratis in Crete has 27 tight bends. Due to mountainous profile of the country are many streets in Greece having tight bends. US441 through Great Smoky Mountains National Park on the Tennessee/North Carolina border, US40 over Berthoud Pass in Colorado. It forms half of the Mount Evans Scenic Byway, pikes Peak Highway in Colorado Springs includes numerous hairpins and switchbacks which are known as Ws. Mexican Autopista 95D has a hairpin turn which is known as La Pera. The Crowsnest Highway in British Columbia, Canada east of Osoyoos has several hairpin turns, a sharp hairpin turn on British Columbia Highway 97 alongside Vaseux Lake near Oliver, British Columbia has been the scene of many accidents and deaths. Nova Scotia Highway 105, part of the Trans-Canada Highway in Cape Breton has a turn after peaking Kellys Mountain before descending to cross the Seal Island Bridge. The Duffy Lake Road in British Columbia descending into Pemberton from Lillooet, 50°184. 31N, 122°354. 50W The Paso Internacional Los Libertadores has several switchbacks on the Chilean side of the pass. 26 below the tunnel entrance alone, in Japan, there is the known Nikkō Irohazaka, a one-way switchback mountain road, located at Nikko, Tochigi. This road plays a significant role in Japanese history, The route was popular with Buddhist pilgrims on their way to Lake Chuzenji, iroha-Zaka ascends more than 1,300 feet. In Macau, a part of the Guia Circuit is a hairpin turn, in India, the Gata Loops, a part of the route from Manali to Leh. And the Agumbe Ghat road from Udupi to Teerthahalli in Karnataka have 13 hairpin turns, in fact, most of the Ghats include at least one hairpin turn
16.
109 Street, Edmonton
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109 Street is an arterial road in central Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It takes travelers out of Downtown to the south to Old Strathcona and it passes several Edmonton landmarks including the Garneau Theatre, Alberta Legislature Building, MacEwan University, RCMP K Division Headquarters, and Kingsway Mall. It is a street, southbound, from 97 Avenue to Saskatchewan Drive. Before Edmontons amalgamation with Strathcona in 1912, the Edmonton portion was known as 9 Street
17.
High Level Bridge (Edmonton)
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The High Level Bridge is a bridge that spans the North Saskatchewan River in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Located next to the Alberta Legislature Building, the bridge linked the communities of Edmonton and Strathcona. It was designed from the outset to accommodate rail, streetcar, automobile, the bridge was designated a Municipal Historic Resource in 1995. Trucks are prohibited on the due to the low clearance of 3.2 metres. Currently street traffic is one-way southbound, at the north end of the bridge,109 Street becomes the left lane, and 110 Street becomes the right lane. The next bridge downstream, the Walterdale Bridge, is a bridge with one-way northbound traffic into the downtown. The Canadian Pacific Railway, responsible for the design of the bridge, extensive repairs and the addition and widening of pedestrian sidewalks were completed in 1994–95. The original lead paint on the bridge was removed. The Edmonton-area Ritual of the Calling of an Engineer uses a rivet hammer purportedly used in the construction as part of its ceremony. In June 2009 the electrical wires supporting trolley bus operation on 109 Street were removed as part of the City of Edmontons plan to retire trolley buses from service, every year at the end of October, CHBN-FM strings bras across the bridge for breast cancer awareness and research donation. In April 2013, a campaign called Light the Bridge was launched, the campaign raised approximately $2.5 million for the project, which was unveiled on July 1,2014. The official lighting of the bridge was synchronized to the tune of O Canada, played by the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra and broadcast on CKUA radio. The lights are capable of displaying different colours and are often programmed to coordinate with local events, such as green. In 1980 the Great Divide Waterfall by artist Peter Lewis was added to the structure for Albertas 75th anniversary, the man-made waterfall dropped 64 m from the top of the bridge, into the North Saskatchewan River at a rate of 50,000 litres per minute. It operated during holiday weekends in the months until 2009 when it was shut off after consultation with Environment Canada.6 million price tag as too high. The final decision to decommission the waterfall was stayed until fall 2014, as public reaction was gauged, in 2016, city council voted against the removal of the pipes for the waterfall. While there are no current plans to reactivate the falls, the decision to leave the pipes in place allows for that possibility in the future, the waterfall remains a part of the City of Edmontons Public Art Collection. High Level Bridge Streetcar Herzog, Lawrence
18.
Fort Edmonton
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Fort Edmonton was the name of a series of trading posts of the Hudsons Bay Company from 1795 to 1891, all of which were located in central Alberta, Canada. From 1795 to 1821 it was paired with the North West Companys Fort Augustus, the fifth and final Fort Edmonton was the one that evolved into present-day Edmonton. Fort Edmonton was also called Fort-des-Prairies, by French-Canadians trappers and coureurs des bois, in the late 18th century, the Hudsons Bay Company was in fierce competition with the North West Company for the trade of animal furs in Ruperts Land. As one company established a fur trading post, the other would counter by building another post in close proximity, expansion down the Saskatchewan River began in the 1790s. In the summer of 1795, the North West Company constructed Fort Augustus where the Sturgeon River meets the North Saskatchewan River near the city of Fort Saskatchewan. In the following autumn, Hudsons Bay constructed Edmonton House nearby, Fort Edmonton was named by John Peter Pruden, clerk to the HBCs George Sutherland. The Fort was named after Edmonton, Middlesex, England, birthplace of both Pruden and HBC Deputy Governor Sir James Winter Lake and this area had been a gathering place for aboriginals in the region for thousands of years. The first woman of European descent to live in this region was the French-Canadian Marie-Anne Gaboury and she had accompanied her fur trader husband, Jean-Baptiste Lagimodière, into the west, and was known to take part in hunting expeditions. They lived in Fort Augustus from 1807 to 1811, John Rowand, chief factor at Fort Edmonton from 1823 to 1854, first worked at Fort Augustus from 1804 to 1806, he was stationed there again from 1808 onward. The two posts shared a palisade from this time forward, Fort Edmonton and Fort Augustus moved back to the second site at the Rossdale flats, it having proven to be a site more amenable for the tribes to visit. The name Fort Augustus was dropped following the merger of the Hudsons Bay Company, the former Nor Wester John Rowand was placed in charge of Edmonton in 1821 as chief trader. In 1823, Rowand was promoted to chief factor, Rowand managed Saskatchewan District from Fort Edmonton until his death in 1854. Due to floods in the late 1820s, the Fort on the Rossdale flats had to be moved to higher ground and this fifth and final fort was built on the site that is now inhabited by the Alberta Legislature Building. At this time, a member of the HBC, John Edward Harriott. The two gained family ties when Harriott married one of Rowands daughters, on a couple of occasions when Rowand joined HBC Inland Governor George Simpson for travel abroad, Harriott acted as chief factor. Rowands administration from the 1830s onward coincided with a change in the Saskatchewan District. For the first time, missionaries, artists, and curious travellers came to Edmonton to visit, sometimes for extended periods, prior to this time, the only Europeans to come that far into the west were men on some sort of company business. With Rowand having made Edmonton his home, the became an important centre in the west
19.
Walterdale Bridge
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The Walterdale Bridge is a steel grating-decked bridge that spans the North Saskatchewan River in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It was built in 1913 by the Dominion Bridge Company and was named after John Walter, the neighbourhood Walterdale at this location was also named after John Walter. The bridge is scheduled for replacement, construction began in early 2013, and was scheduled to be completed in late 2015, however, it is now delayed until mid-2017. The old bridge is scheduled to be demolished and removed after the new bridge is opened, the new bridge will feature three northbound traffic lanes and enhanced pedestrian and cyclist crossings. Roadway and trail links north and south of the river will also be enhanced and this signature bridge will be the first of its kind in Edmonton, with two 56-metre tall arches spanning the river just east of the current bridge. The new bridge arches will be supported by thrust blocks on both banks, eliminating permanent in-river piers
20.
Metro Line
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The line uses 3.3 kilometres of new track, three new stations, and eleven stations on the existing Capital Line. The cost of the project is $665 million, jointly funded by the City of Edmonton, Province of Alberta, and it is the first new line that is not an extension of the existing line. The line is expected to add 13,200 riders per weekday, a trip from NAIT Station to Churchill is expected to take nine minutes. A number of roadworks are under construction or completed to revitalize the surrounding community, an extension to the northwest city limits has completed conceptual design, and a further extension is proposed through the city of St. Albert on Highway 2/St. In spring 2007, the funding for a plan and preliminary engineering was commissioned. The remainder of the tunnel, under Downtown Edmonton, was bored, in 2009 the City approved the relocation of funds from the Gorman extension to the Metro Line, as the City felt northwest was a higher priority. In 2010 the City began preparation work, including utility relocation, the permanent closure of 105 Avenue between 102 Street and 105 Street was performed so MacEwan Station could be built. 104 Street was closed between 108 Avenue and Kingsway in a similar fashion, testing began in July 2013, and the line began operation in September 2015 using an interim signalling system, with trains running at a frequency of 15 minutes, rather than 5. There have been three delays in beginning operations on the line, one from April to June 2014, one from June to December 2014, the delays have been caused by issues with the signalling system built by Thales. Thales gave control of the system to the City of Edmonton in March 2015, the public plaza surrounding MacEwan Station, except for the area required to build Rogers Place, opened for use by people other than the construction crew in December 2014. In February 2017, trains were cleared to travel at 50 km/h, an extension from the permanent NAIT station is in the planning phases by the City of Edmonton. The extension would have eight stations, including stops in Blatchford, Rosslyn, Griesbach, Castle Downs, The Palisades and this extension is 11 km long, and will have 8 new stations and a rebuilt NAIT station slightly to the west of its current location. This section of the line is not planned to use arms, bells. The City of St. Albert began studying extending Edmontons LRT in early 2013, the City is looking at funding from all levels of government, 66% from Alberta GreenTRIP Fund and 8% from the City of St. Albert. On November 12,2013, St. Albert council decided to continue studying LRT alignment options, the selected corridor was approved by St. Albert city council on December 2,2014, which will run on St. Albert Trail and proposed four possible station locations. The line is proposed to be aligned to the east of St. Albert Trail. As well, there are three new bridges proposed along the St. Albert extension to span Anthony Henday Drive, Sir Winston Churchill Avenue, and the Sturgeon River. Notes ^1, The Metro Line does not stop at stations on weekdays after 10 PM
21.
Edmonton Light Rail Transit
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Edmonton Light Rail Transit, commonly referred to as the LRT, is a light rail system in Edmonton, Alberta. Part of the Edmonton Transit System, the system has 18 stations on two lines and 24.3 km of track, ETS designates the first line as the Capital Line. The 21-kilometre line starts at Clareview in Edmontons northeast and ends at Century Park in Edmontons south end, the Metro Line is a 3. 3-kilometre extension of the system from Churchill LRT Station in downtown Edmonton northwest to NAIT LRT Station. It had been scheduled to open in spring 2014, but was delayed to September 6,2015. The first phase of the 27 kilometres Valley Line, which is planned to run from downtown Edmonton to Mill Woods, in 1962, Canadian Bechtel Ltd. was commissioned to develop a plan for Edmontons rapid transit system. Construction began in 1974 with a budget of $65 million, Edmonton became the first city in North America with a metropolitan population of less than one million to build a modern light rail system. The population was just over 445,000 when construction started on the route in 1974 and it also became the first city in Western Canada to operate a rapid transit system. Testing of the new line started in 1977 with regular service starting April 22,1978, the original line was 6.9 km long. When the line opened, fare collection was modelled on traditional rapid transit lines, low volumes of activity at some entrances led to weekend closures of alternate station entrances. In November 1980, Edmonton Transit switched to a modified European-style proof of payment system, fares were now collected by automated ticket vending machines with irregular proof of payment inspectors, which permitted keeping all entrances open and required fewer staff. On April 26,1981, ETS opened an extension of 2.2 km on the CN right-of-way to Clareview Station. In June 1983, the rail tunnel downtown was extended by 0.8 km to Bay. The D. L. MacDonald Yard, between Belvedere and Clareview, opened in December 1983 to store and service the vehicles, the line was extended in September 1989 by 0.8 km to Grandin Station. On August 23,1992, the extension opened from Grandin to University Station. Menzies Bridge, crossing the North Saskatchewan River with a level for pedestrians and cyclists. Major upgrades to the Belvedere and Clareview stations were made in 1998 and 2001 respectively, on January 1,2006, the line was extended 0.6 km south through the University Campus to Health Sciences Station, which is located at street level. On April 25,2009, McKernan/Belgravia and South Campus stations were opened as part of the south LRT expansion, with Southgate and Century Park opening on April 24,2010. The first of the new Siemens SD-160 light rail vehicle train cars for the new extension were shipped by rail from Florin, California, on April 24,2008, arriving in Edmonton on May 9,2008
22.
Three-way junction
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A 3-way junction is a type of road intersection with three arms. A Y junction generally has 3 arms of equal size, a T junction also has 3 arms, but one of the arms is generally a minor road connecting to larger road. Some T junctions are controlled by lights, but others rely upon drivers to obey right-of-way rules. In Taiwan, when at least two vehicles reach a T intersection without a traffic light, the vehicle on the side road is to yield to any other vehicle straight on the main road. If two vehicles want to turn left, the vehicle on the left is to yield, when one road at a 3-way junction has a higher traffic volume than the other, turns are characterized as right-in, right-out, left-in and left-out. A turn in represents a turn from the road into the minor road. A turn out represents a turn out of the road onto the major road. A 3-way junction allowing all four of these turns is characterized as full-movement and these terms also apply to turns between roads and driveways. An experiment was done in Illinois, United States to allow going straight on red when approaching a T junction on the main road, with the intersecting road on the left
23.
One-way traffic
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One-way traffic is traffic that moves in a single direction. A one-way street is a street either facilitating only one-way traffic, one-way streets typically result in higher traffic flow as drivers may avoid encountering oncoming traffic or turns through oncoming traffic. Residents may dislike one-way streets due to the route required to get to a specific destination. Some studies even challenge the original motivation for one-way streets, in that the circuitous routes negate the claimed higher speeds. Signs are posted showing which direction the vehicles can move in, commonly an upward arrow, or on a T junction where the road is one-way. Sometimes one portion of a street is one-way, another portion two-way, an advantage of one-way streets is that drivers do not have to watch for vehicles coming in the opposite direction on this type of street. The abstract No Entry sign was adopted for standardization at the League of Nations convention in Geneva in 1931. The sign was adapted from Swiss usage, derived from the practice of former European states that marked their boundaries with their formal shield symbols, restrictions on entry were indicated by tying a blood-red ribbon horizontally around the shield. The sign is known as C1, from its definition in the Vienna Convention on Road Signs. The European No Entry sign was adopted into North American uniform signage in the 1970s, in addition to the standardized graphic symbol, the US version still retains the wording Do Not Enter, while the European and Canadian versions typically have no text. Since Unicode 5.2, the Miscellaneous Symbols block contains the glyph ⛔, representable in HTML as ⛔, or ⛔. One-way streets may be part of a system, which facilitates a smoother flow of motor traffic through, for example. This is achieved by arranging one-way streets that cross in such a fashion as to eliminate right turns or left turns, traffic light systems at such junctions may be simpler and may be coordinated to produce a green wave. In the United States,37 states and Puerto Rico allow left turns on red only if both the origin and destination streets are one way, see South Carolina law Section 56-5-970 C3, for example. Five other states, namely Alaska, Idaho, Michigan, Oregon, an attempt was apparently made in 1617 to introduce one-way streets in alleys near the River Thames in London. The next one-way street in London was Albemarle Street in Mayfair and it was so designated in 1800 because the public science lectures were so popular there. The first one-way streets in Paris were the Rue de Mogador, one story of the origin of the one-way street in the United States originated in Eugene, Oregon. On 9 September 1934, the on-fire SS Morro Castle was towed to the shore near the Asbury Park Convention Center, the Asbury Park Police Chief decided to make the Ocean Avenue one-way going north and the street one block over in one-way going south, creating a circular route
24.
RE/MAX Field
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Edmonton Ballpark is a baseball stadium in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. In 2016 the Prospects were granted naming rights to the facility as the old name had expired, the facility is located in the North Saskatchewan River Valley, in the neighbourhood of Rossdale. Opened in 1995, Telus Field replaced the 60-year-old John Ducey Park on the same site, the stadiums naming rights were purchased by the Telus telecommunications company in September 1995 for a 14-year deal. It has 12 feet walls all the way around except in centre field, three players, Matthew LeCroy, Michael Cuddyer, and Todd Sears have hit home runs over it. Despite Teluss naming rights expiring in 2009 the stadium continued to use the name Telus Field until opening the 2016 season as Edmonton Ballpark, being displaced by the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire, the Fort McMurray Giants played their inaugural season at Edmonton Ballpark. Edmonton Ballpark uses natural grass in the outfield and FieldTurf in the infield, originally AstroTurf was used, the park has ground-level luxury suites with box and general seating built on top. The Home Plate VIP Lounge on the concourse is located directly behind the plate, incorporating a bar. The lounge includes trophies and pictures of the early Edmonton baseball teams, the dimensions are 340 feet to left field,378 feet to left centre,420 feet to centre field,395 feet to right centre and 320 feet to right field. The stadium concourse features pictures of historic moments in Trapper history, there are also pictures from every Trapper championship and trophies. Concerts have been held at the stadium on occasion,1995 concerts included Tom Cochrane, Jeff Healey, The Beach Boys, The Village People, july 15,2000, Briefcase Blues in concert following an Edmonton Trappers game - after which the band members signed baseballs for fans
25.
Alberta Legislature Building
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The Alberta Legislature Building is located in Edmonton, Alberta, and is the meeting place of the Legislative Assembly and the Executive Council. It is known to Edmontonians as the Ledge, the building is located on a promontory which was once the location of Fort Edmonton, Mark V, a Hudsons Bay Company fur-trading post. It is just up the hill from the finds at Rossdale Flats to the east. The legislatures location was selected shortly after Edmonton was confirmed as the capital by the first session of the Legislature in 1906. To the north lies the Government Centre district within Downtown Edmonton, south of Jasper Avenue, here are found several provincial government office buildings including the recently renovated Federal Building. A short section of 108 Street, called Capital Boulevard, is anchored by two terminating vistas, the legislature and MacEwan Universitys City Centre Campus, MacEwan is a part of the Old Canadian National rail yard redevelopment. Immediately east is the Legislature Annex Building and the Government Centre transit centre, montreal architect Percy Nobbs helped with the final revisions. Allan Merrick Jeffers served as the Alberta Provincial Architect from September 1907 to 1910, the Alberta Archives hold drawings for virtually all provincial buildings executed under his supervision. Jeffers may have influenced by the State House of Rhode Island. The style was associated originally with the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and was fashionable in North America between 1895 and 1920, the use of Greek, Roman, and Egyptian architectural influences was considered appropriate for a public building, as they suggested power, permanence, and tradition. The dome has made by Gibbs and Canning of Tamworth, Staffordshire. The building is supported on piles and constructed around a steel skeleton. The first floor is faced with Vancouver Island granite, upper floors feature sandstone from the Glenbow Quarry in Calgary, the interior fittings include imported marble, mahogany, oak, and brass. The building is about 57 metres in height, the project cost over $2 million at the time. The security of the Legislature building and surrounding grounds are the responsibility of the Alberta Sheriffs Branch, the Alberta Legislature Building is located at 1080197 Avenue NW, Edmonton. Free tours of the facility are offered throughout the week, the building is also connected via underground walkway to the Grandin/Government Centre LRT station. Also, for the centennial, the Queen unveiled in the same structure a series of stained glass windows that highlight the role of the monarchy in Alberta over the previous century
26.
Edmonton City Centre
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Edmonton City Centre is a shopping mall in downtown Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, across the street from Churchill Square. In 1974, the City Centre Place office tower was completed within the larger Edmonton Centre development, in 1978, Oxford Tower and the Sutton Place Hotel were built on the north edge of the site. Across the street a new development was in planning, the original plan for what was then called Eatons Centre, announced in 1980, called for several large office and apartment towers. None of the originally designed five towers was built but the multi-level Eatons Centre mall. On June 27,2013, Empire Theatres announced that it would be selling this theatre location along with 22 others in Western Canada, on October 29,2013, Empire Theatres closed and reopened as Landmark Cinemas on October 31,2013. Construction was scheduled to begin in November 2015, the new food court was expected to open in November 2016, and the property revitalization project would be complete by November 2017. These office properties combine for a total of approximately 665,000 square feet with the towers ranging from 24 to 28 storeys in height, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporations English and French services in Edmonton are located at Edmonton City Centre. CBC operations based at ECC include television stations CBXT-DT and CBXFT-DT, as well as the radio stations CBX, CBX-FM, eaton Centre Edmonton City Centre Oxford Leasing - Edmonton City Centre
27.
Rogers Place
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Rogers Place is a multi-use indoor arena in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It is mainly used for ice hockey and other indoor sports, construction started in March 2014, and the building officially opened on September 8,2016. The arena has a capacity of 18,347 as a hockey venue and 20,734 as a concert venue. It replaced Northlands Coliseum as the home of the NHLs Edmonton Oilers, the arena is located at the block between 101st and 104th Street and 104th and 105th Ave. Public transit access to the arena is provided by the Edmonton Light Rail Transit system, the arena building was initially estimated to cost $450 million. The City of Edmonton was to pay $125 million, the Katz Group of Companies was to contribute $100 million, the remaining money was expected to come from the province or federal agencies. Estimated cost then increased substantially during continued discussions to a current estimated price of $480 million for the arena, on October 26,2011, the Edmonton City Council approved a funding framework for the arena by a vote of 10 to 3. Katz chipped in an additional $15 million through the Edmonton Arena Corporation, on December 3,2013, Rogers Communications announced a 10-year naming rights deal for the new arena, henceforth known as Rogers Place. On February 11,2014, it was announced that the project was completely funded, construction of the new arena broke ground in March 2014. Rogers Place officially opened on September 8,2016, as of December 8,2014, $2.5 billion in downtown development has been directly connected to Rogers Place. In March 2014 Brad J. Lamb announced $225 million of investment planned to build two new condo towers, the towers are directly correlated to the arena going ahead. These towers would accommodate approximately 1,300 dwellings, Rogers Place is estimated to increase the value of real estate within a 1.6 kilometre radius by hundreds of millions of dollars, according to University of Alberta economist Brad Humphreys. In early 2014 there were far fewer options to lease or purchase as competition mounted, the name was discussed by stakeholders, partners, and vetted by focus groups. Official website City website, Arena and Entertainment District
28.
Route number
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The numbers chosen may be used solely for internal administrative purposes, however, in most cases they are also displayed on roadside signage and indicated on maps. In the United Kingdom, the number consists of a letter followed by a number of up to 4 digits. For example, the main road from London to Edinburgh is called the A1. The A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 also radiate out from London to points around the coast, all classified roads starting in the zone between the A1 and the A2 begin with the figure 1, etc. Scotland is similarly divided into zones by the A7, A8, motorways are marked by an M, for example the M25, which forms a ring road around London. Motorways are fast freeways and are larger than A roads. Motorways follow different zoning and numbering systems from A and B roads, a similar clock-face zonal system is used in many other European countries. Common route number used in the United States In the United States. There are two national-level route numbering systems, the older United States Numbered Highway System laid out in 1920s, additionally, every state in the U. S. maintains its own set of numbered state highways. Some states have other systems as well, either a system of numbered county highways or secondary state highways, a few cities also have numbered city highways, for example, the city of Charlotte, North Carolina, maintains Charlotte Route 4. The U. S. Highway System, indicated by a shield with black numbers, is based on a numbering grid, with odd routes running generally north–south. Primary routes have a one- or two-digit number, and are supplemented by spur routes that add a digit to their parent route. Routes increase from east-to-west and north-to-south, such that U. S. Route 1 follows the Atlantic Seaboard fall line, likewise U. S. Route 2 runs near the Canadian border, while U. S. Route 98 follows the Gulf Coast. Major cross-country routes end in either a 1 or a 0, Routes like U. S. Route 141 and U. S. Route 441 branch off U. S. Route 41. The now defunct U. S. Route 66, known as the Mother Road, was a cultural touchstone that inspired literature, songs, the Interstate Highway System, indicated by a red and blue shield with white numbers, is a system of entirely freeways. The Interstate System is also based on a grid, with east–west routes bearing even numbers, like with U. S. Highways, subsidiary routes are numbered by adding a hundreds digit to the parent route. Because of the number of these routes, three-digit numbers may be repeated within the system. The numbering system for state highways varies widely from state to state, each state decides how to number its own routes
29.
Google
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Google is an American multinational technology company specializing in Internet-related services and products. These include online advertising technologies, search, cloud computing, software, Google was founded in 1996 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph. D. students at Stanford University, in California. Together, they own about 14 percent of its shares, and they incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4,1998. An initial public offering took place on August 19,2004, in August 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Inc. Google, Alphabets leading subsidiary, will continue to be the company for Alphabets Internet interests. Upon completion of the restructure, Sundar Pichai became CEO of Google, replacing Larry Page, rapid growth since incorporation has triggered a chain of products, acquisitions, and partnerships beyond Googles core search engine. The company leads the development of the Android mobile operating system, the Google Chrome web browser, and Chrome OS, the new hardware chief, Rick Osterloh, stated, a lot of the innovation that we want to do now ends up requiring controlling the end-to-end user experience. Google has also experimented with becoming an Internet carrier, alexa, a company that monitors commercial web traffic, lists Google. com as the most visited website in the world. Several other Google services also figure in the top 100 most visited websites, including YouTube, Googles mission statement, from the outset, was to organize the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful, and its unofficial slogan was Dont be evil. In October 2015, the motto was replaced in the Alphabet corporate code of conduct by the phrase Do the right thing, Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in Stanford, California. They called this new technology PageRank, it determined a websites relevance by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages, Page and Brin originally nicknamed their new search engine BackRub, because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site. Originally, Google ran under Stanford Universitys website, with the domains google. stanford. edu, the domain name for Google was registered on September 15,1997, and the company was incorporated on September 4,1998. It was based in the garage of a friend in Menlo Park, craig Silverstein, a fellow PhD student at Stanford, was hired as the first employee. The first funding for Google was an August 1998 contribution of $100,000 from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, given before Google was incorporated. At least three other investors invested in 1998, Amazon. com founder Jeff Bezos, Stanford University computer science professor David Cheriton. Author Ken Auletta claims that each invested $250,000, early in 1999, Brin and Page decided they wanted to sell Google to Excite. They went to Excite CEO George Bell and offered to sell it to him for $1 million, vinod Khosla, one of Excites venture capitalists, talked the duo down to $750,000, but Bell still rejected it. Googles initial public offering took place five years later, on August 19,2004, at that time Larry Page, Sergey Brin, and Eric Schmidt agreed to work together at Google for 20 years, until the year 2024
30.
Google Maps
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Google Maps is a web mapping service developed by Google. It offers satellite imagery, street maps, 360° panoramic views of streets, real-time traffic conditions, Google maps began as a C++ desktop program designed by Lars and Jens Eilstrup Rasmussen at Where 2 Technologies. In October 2004, the company was acquired by Google, which converted it into a web application, after additional acquisitions of a geospatial data visualization company and a realtime traffic analyzer, Google Maps was launched in February 2005. The services front end utilizes JavaScript, XML, and Ajax, Google Maps offers an API that allows maps to be embedded on third-party websites, and offers a locator for urban businesses and other organizations in numerous countries around the world. Google Map Maker allows users to expand and update the services mapping worldwide. Much of the satellite imagery is no more than three years old and is updated on a regular basis. Google Maps uses a variant of the Mercator projection. The current redesigned version of the application was made available in 2013. Google Maps for mobile was released in September 2008 and features GPS turn-by-turn navigation, in August 2013, it was determined to be the worlds most popular app for smartphones, with over 54% of global smartphone owners using it at least once. In 2012, Google reported having over 7,100 employees, Google Maps provides a route planner under Get Directions. Up to four modes of transportation are available depending on the area, driving, public transit, walking, in combination with Google Street View, issues such as parking, turning lanes, and one-way streets can be viewed before traveling. China mainland, Hong Kong, Macau, Jordan, Lebanon, only public transit directions are provided for South Korea. All countries of mainland North and Central America are covered contiguously, all countries of mainland South America are covered. All countries including Trinidad and Tobago* are treated contiguously, all inhabited countries and territories in the Caribbean are covered, though in general there are no connections between islands. Like many other Google web applications, Google Maps uses JavaScript extensively, as the user drags the map, the grid squares are downloaded from the server and inserted into the page. When a user searches for a business, the results are downloaded in the background for insertion into the panel and map. Locations are drawn dynamically by positioning a red pin on top of the map images, a hidden IFrame with form submission is used because it preserves browser history. The site also uses JSON for data rather than XML
31.
Sherwood Park
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Sherwood Park is a large hamlet in Alberta, Canada within Strathcona County that is recognized as an urban service area. It is located adjacent to the City of Edmontons eastern boundary, generally south of Highway 16, west of Highway 21 and north of Highway 630. Other portions of Sherwood Park extend beyond Yellowhead Trail and Wye Road, Sherwood Park was established in 1955 on farmland of the Smeltzer family, east of Edmonton. With a population of 68,782 in 2015, Sherwood Park has enough people to be Albertas seventh largest city, the Government of Alberta recognizes the Sherwood Park Urban Service Area as equivalent to a city. The first homes within the community were marketed to the public in 1955, Canada Post intervened on the name of Campbelltown due to the existence of several other communities in Canada within the same name, so the communitys name was changed to Sherwood Park in 1956. The Sherwood Park Urban Service Area is located in the Edmonton Capital Region along the edge of central Strathcona County adjacent to the City of Edmonton. The majority of the community is bound by Highway 16 to the north, Highway 21 to the east, Highway 630 to the south, the Refinery Row portion of Sherwood Park is located across Anthony Henday Drive to the west, between Sherwood Park Freeway and Highway 16. Numerous developments fronting the south side of Wye Road, including Wye Gardens, Wye Crossing, Salisbury Village and the Estates of Sherwood Park, are also within the community. Lands north of Highway 16 and south of Township Road 534/Oldman Creek between Range Road 232 to the west and Highway 21 to the east are also within the Sherwood Park urban service area, the industrial area known as Refinery Row is west of Anthony Henday Drive. At least 49 neighbourhoods are located within the portion of the Sherwood Park Urban Service Area east of Anthony Henday Drive. The population of Sherwood Park according to Strathcona Countys 2015 municipal census is 68,782, in the 2011 Census, Sherwood Park had a population of 64,733, a 13. 9% change from its 2006 population of 56,845. Sherwood Park has an economy with over $9.0 billion worth of major projects completed, announced. A district known as Refinery Row lies west of Sherwood Park and includes some of the largest industrial facilities in Western Canada, according to RCMP collected data in 2012, crime in Sherwood Park has been on the rise especially impaired driving and domestic violence. Domestic violence reports rose by 32 percent, impaired driving went up 10 percent, other facts released also pointed out that sexual offenses went up by 20 percent and drug trafficking charges went up 55 percent. Facilities for visual and performing arts in Sherwood Park include the A. J, ottewell Community Centre, Art Gallery @501, Festival Place and Smeltzer House Centre for Visual Arts. The community also has 37 parks and sportsfields, the most significant local sports team is a hockey squad, the Sherwood Park Crusaders. The Crusaders play in the Alberta Junior Hockey League, the Sherwood Park Kings Athletic Club includes levels from Peewee to Midget and with the highest level being the Midget AAA program. Sherwood Park is a significant football community, at least one Sherwood Park high school football team has been to the Alberta provincial final since the 1999 season
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St. Albert, Alberta
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St. Albert is a city in Alberta, Canada, on the Sturgeon River northwest of the City of Edmonton. It was originally settled as a Métis community, and is now the second-largest city in the Edmonton Capital Region, St. Albert first received its town status in 1904 and was reached by the Canadian Northern Railway in 1906. St. Albert was founded in 1861 as a Métis settlement by Father Albert Lacombe, OMI, who built a small chapel and this chapel still stands to this day on Mission Hill in St. Albert. The original settlement was named Saint Albert by Bishop Alexandre-Antonin Taché, although Lacombe had originally intended to found the mission at Lac Ste. Anne, the soil proved infertile and he moved the settlement to what would become St. Albert, a few years later, a group of Grey Nuns would follow Lacombe from Lac Ste. Anne arrived in 1863 and by December 1864, the population was roughly 300, by 1870, St. Albert had approximately 1000 residents, the vast majority of whom were Métis. During the late 20th and early 21st century it was assumed that the community had been named after St. Albert the Great. This was due to information in the 1985 history of St. Albert, The Black Robes Vision. This led to the City of St. Albert erroneously promoting St. Albert the Great as the patron saint. This misconception was not corrected until 2008, the original chapel has since become an historic site staffed with historical interpreters and is open to the public in the summer season. Also in St. Albert is the St. Albert Grain Elevator Park, there are two historic grain elevators there, one constructed in 1906 by the Brackman-Ker Milling Company, the other was built later in 1929 by The Alberta Wheat Pool company. The original grain elevator constructed in 1906 was originally red in colour, there is also a reproduction of the original 1909 railway station housed at the Grain Elevators Park, the reproduction was constructed in 2005. On Madonna Drive stands the Little White School House which is open to the public, Arts and Heritage - St. Albert maintain this site as well as the Grain Elevators and other heritage buildings and sites under restoration in the city. In June 2009, the City Council approved a plan for the heritage sites. The plan features the restoration of the elevators and the opening of both a Métis and French Canadian farm on adjacent lots by the River. St. Albert has an active and skilled labour force, with a low unemployment rate of 4. 3%. In 2011,67. 5% of the 40,560 adults aged 25 years and over in St. Albert had completed some form of postsecondary education, of the population aged 25 years and over in St. Albert,31. 7% had a university certificate or degree. An additional 24. 3% had a diploma and 11. 6% had a trades certificate
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Wayne Gretzky Drive
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Wayne Gretzky Drive is a freeway in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Originally Capilano Drive, it was officially renamed October 1,1999 after NHL hockey player Wayne Gretzky, the same day, Wayne Gretzkys number 99 jersey was retired, at the then Skyreach Centre, which lies just west of Wayne Gretzky Drive, at 118 Avenue. The freeway portion of Wayne Gretzky Drive was opened in 1969 by widening and connecting the streets of 75 Street south of the river. It starts as arterial road 75 Street, then changes its name and it crosses the North Saskatchewan River valley, by passing under 106 Avenue and Ada Boulevard. As it approaches Northlands and the Alberta Avenue area, it returns into an arterial. The exits to Northlands at 112 and 116 Avenues are clearly marked with overhead street signs in blue, and with the Northlands logo. Because of property constraints, to maintain the number of lanes, the northbound and southbound then converge again before crossing the LRT lines. Fort Road, which runs to the west, meets up with Wayne Gretzky Drive at an at-grade intersection, then runs concurrently along with it for approximately 180 metres to Yellowhead Trail. The single-point urban interchange at Yellowhead Trail, allows the Yellowhead to run as a freeway, and has the benefit of one traffic light. At this interchange, Wayne Gretzky Drive changes its name to Fort Road, because of their short lengths, Wayne Gretzky Drive and Groat Road will be the only freeways in Edmonton not to have a highway designation, until the completion of Terwillegar Drive. 53. 54667°N113. 44222°W /53.54667, -113. 44222 Capilano Bridge takes Wayne Gretzky Drive over the North Saskatchewan River, spanning 290 metres. 53. 55556°N113. 43861°W /53.55556, -113. 43861 Grant Moellmann Bridge, takes Wayne Gretzky Drive over the LRT tracks and it was opened in 1995 bridging the gap between 120 Avenue and Fort Road. It is named after Edmontonian ironworker Grant Moellmann who fell to his placing the bridges last girder on November 24,1994. A plaque was placed on the bridge in September 1998 to mark the significance of this naming
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83 Street, Edmonton
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For the village in Victoria, Australia see Bonnie Doon, Victoria Bonnie Doon is a neighbourhood in south-central Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The western part of Bonnie Doon was originally part of the City of Strathcona, the rest of the land in the neighbourhood was incorporated by Edmonton the following year. The neighbourhood is home to one of Edmontons first major shopping malls. There are two schools in the neighbourhood, Rutherford Elementary School and École Maurice-Lavallée, surrounding neighbourhoods include, Strathearn to the north, Idylwylde and Holyrood to the east, and King Edward Park to the south. These neighbourhoods are sometimes referred to as the Bonnie Doon area. In the river valley to the north of Bonnie Doon is the neighbourhood of Cloverdale. In the City of Edmontons 2012 municipal census, Bonnie Doon had a population of 4,550 living in 2,446 dwellings, with a land area of 1.5 km2, it had a population density of 3,033.3 people/km2 in 2012. Bonnie Doon Neighbourhood Profile Edmonton Federation of Community Leagues Bonnie Doon Community League
105 Avenue – MacEwan station
