1.
103 series
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The 103 series is a commuter electric multiple unit type introduced in 1964 by Japanese National Railways, and currently operated by West Japan Railway Company and Kyushu Railway Company. They were also operated by East Japan Railway Company and Central Japan Railway Company, in 2004, some sets were shipped to Indonesia, where they operate on the KRL Jabodetabek system in Jakarta. The 103-0 series trains were built between 1963 and 1984 and this 8-car unit was built in 1963 without air-conditioning. The cars were withdrawn from service between 1988 and 1991, Moha 103, 901-902 Moha 102, 901-902 Kuha 103, 901-904 These were built between 1964 and 1970. While not originally fitted with air-conditioning, most of the cars were fitted with air conditioning from 1975, the bogies of the trailer cars were changed from TR201 to TR212 for the cars built from 1968. Cars fitted with TR212 bogies feature disc brakes, because they needed to run on higher speeds on the Jōban, KuMoHa 103, 1-155 MoHa 103, 1-278 MoHa 102, 1-433 KuHa 103, 1-177 & 501-638 SaHa 103, 1-305 This single 10-car unit was built in 1970. It was equipped with air conditioning units and tested on the Yamanote Line in Tokyo. It was subsequently modified to become a standard air-conditioned set in 1978, in 2000, four cars were scrapped at the Narashino Depot, the remaining six cars were scrapped at Keiyō Rolling Stock Center in 2005. MoHa 103, 279-281 MoHa 102, 434-436 KuHa 103, 178-179 SaHa 103, 306-307 Built during 1972 and 1973 and this type was used mainly in Osaka area. Most cars were fitted with air-conditioning from 1976, MoHa 103, 282-330 & 364-374 MoHa 102, 437-486 & 520-530 KuHa 103, 180-212 SaHa 103, 308-323 Built in 1973, they were similar to the air-conditioned prototype. They were fitted with motorized destination blinds on both sides, MoHa 103, 331-413 MoHa 102, 487-569 KuHa 103, 213-268 SaHa 103, 324-359 Built between 1974 and 1980. The front end design was changed with the drivers cab raised so that an ATC signalling system could be included, Kuha 103 of this version was used in the Tokyo area only. MoHa 103, 414-713 MoHa 102, 570-869 KuHa 103, 269-796,798,809,816 SaHa 103, the front end design was the same as the ATC-equipped sets, although this type was not fitted with ATC. Kuha 103-811 &816 were converted to include ATC in 1984, MoHa 103, 714-793 MoHa 102, 870-2050 KuHa 103,797, 799-850 SaHa 103, 472-503 Some 101 series trailer cars were converted to the 103-0 series. The cars bodies and bogies were 101 series originals as the conversions involved minimum modification, the last of these cars were withdrawn from service in 1999. SaHa 103, 751-780 KuHa 103, 2001-2004, 2051-2052160 103-1000 series cars were built in 1970 and 1971 for use on Jōban Line-Chiyoda Line inter-running services, originally painted in grey with a sea green stripe, they were subsequently displaced by new 203 series trains. Some sets were converted to become 105 series, and the rest of the fleet was reallocated to Jōban Line services from Ueno. The last set was retired in March 2006,5 sets were built between 1970 and 1978
2.
Japanese National Railways
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Japanese National Railways, abbreviated Kokutetsu or JNR, was the body which operated the national railway network of Japan from 1949 to 1987. As of June 1,1949, the date of establishment of JNR and this figure expanded to 21,421.1 km in 1981, but later reduced to 19,633.6 km as of March 31,1987, the last day of JNR. JNR operated both passenger and freight services, Shinkansen, the worlds first high-speed railway was debuted by JNR in 1964. Unlike railway operation, JNR Bus was not superior to local bus operators. The JR Bus companies are the successors of the bus operation of JNR, a number of unions represented workers at JNR, including the National Railway Workers Union, the National Railway Locomotive Engineers Union, and Doro-Chiba, a break-away group from Doro. Later, the Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of Transportation, the ministries used the name Japanese Government Railways to refer their network in English. During World War II, many JGR lines were dismantled to supply steel for the war effort, on June 1,1949 by a directive of the U. S. General HQ in Tokyo, JGR was reorganized into Japanese National Railways, JNR enjoyed many successes, including the October 1,1964 inauguration of high-speed Shinkansen service along the Tōkaidō Shinkansen line. However, JNR was not a corporation, its accounting was independent from the national budget. Rural sections without enough passengers began to press its management, pulling it further and further into debt, in 1983, JNR started to close its unprofitable 83 local lines. By 1987, JNRs debt was over ¥27 trillion and the company was spending ¥147 for every ¥100 earned. By an act of the Diet of Japan, on April 1,1987 JNR was privatized and divided into seven companies, six passenger and one freight. Long-term liabilities of JNR were taken over by the JNR Settlement Corporation and that corporation was subsequently disbanded on October 22,1998, and its remaining debts were transferred to the national budgets general accounting. By this time the debt has risen to ¥30 trillion, many lawsuits and labor commission cases were filed over the decades from the privatization in 1987. Kokuro and the National Railway Locomotive Engineers Union, both prominent Japanese railway unions, represented a number of the JNR workers, lists of workers to be employed by the new organizations were drawn up by JNR and given to the JR companies. There was substantial pressure on members to leave their unions, and within a year. Workers who had supported the privatization, or those who left Kokuro, were hired at substantially higher rates than Kokuro members. Around 7,600 workers were transferred in this way, and around 2,000 of them were hired by JR firms and this period ended in April 1990, and 1,047 were dismissed
3.
East Japan Railway Company
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East Japan Railway Company is a major passenger railway company in Japan and one of the seven Japan Railways Group companies. The company name is abbreviated as JR-EAST or JR East in English. The companys headquarters are in Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo, JR East was incorporated on 1 April 1987 after being spun off from the government-run Japanese National Railways. Following the breakup, JR East ran the operations on former JNR lines in the Greater Tokyo Area, the Tohoku region and its railway lines primarily serve Kanto and Tohoku regions, along with adjacent areas in Koshinetsu region and Shizuoka prefectures. JR East operates all of the Shinkansen, high-speed rail lines and these lines have sections inside the Tokyo Suburban Area designated by JR East. This does not necessarily mean that the lines are fully inside the Greater Tokyo Area, JR East aims to reduce its carbon emissions by half, as measured over the period 1990-2030. This would be achieved by increasing the efficiency of trains and company-owned thermal power stations, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department has stated that JR Easts official union is a front for an organized crime syndicate called the Japan Revolutionary Communist League. An investigation of this is ongoing, the East Japan Railway Culture Foundation is a non-profit organization established by JR East for the purpose of developing a richer railway culture. The Railway Museum in Saitama is operated by the foundation, EJRC has bid for the London Midland franchise in the United Kingdom. Winners will be announced on June 2017 and will start operating on October 2017, East Japan Railway Company Web Site JR East official apology for Inaho No.14 accident on 25 December 2005 Company history books. Wiki collection of works on East Japan Railway Company
4.
JR-West
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West Japan Railway Company, also referred to as JR-West, is one of the Japan Railways Group companies and operates in western Honshu. It has its headquarters in Kita-ku, Osaka, Hokuriku Shinkansen Sanyo Shinkansen Hakata Minami Line JR-Wests highest-grossing line is the Sanyo Shinkansen high-speed rail line between Osaka and Fukuoka. The Sanyo Shinkansen alone accounts for about 40% of JR-Wests passenger revenues, the company also operates Hakata Minami Line, a short commuter line with Shinkansen trains in Fukuoka. The Urban Network is JR-Wests name for its rail lines in the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area. These lines together comprise 610 km of track, have 245 stations, Urban Network stations are equipped to handle ICOCA fare cards. Train control on these lines is highly automated, and during peak hours trains run as often as two minutes. JR-Wests Urban Network competes with a number of commuter rail operators around Osaka, the Big 4 being Hankyu Railway/Hanshin Railway, Keihan Railway, Kintetsu. JR-Wests market share in the region is roughly equal to that of the Big 4 put together, largely due to its comprehensive network and those in italics are announcement names. These lines mainly handle business and leisure travel between cities and rural areas in western Japan. They account for about 20% of the companys passenger revenues, fukuchiyama Line Includes JR Takarazuka Line. Hakubi Line Hokuriku Main Line Includes Biwako Line, honshi-Bisan Line, Chayamachi — Kojima Nicknamed Seto-Ōhashi Line Kansai Main Line, Kameyama — JR Namba Includes Yamatoji Line. Kisei Main Line, Shingū — Wakayamashi Includes Kinokuni Line, sanin Main Line Includes Sagano Line. Sanyō Main Line, Kobe — Shimonoseki, Hyōgo — Wadamisaki, takayama Main Line, Inotani — Toyama Tōkaidō Main Line, Maibara — Kobe Includes Biwako Line, JR Kyoto Line, and JR Kobe Line. Initially, it was a wholly owned subsidiary of the JNR Settlement Corporation, for the first four years of its existence, JR-West leased its highest-revenue line, the Sanyō Shinkansen, from the separate Shinkansen Holding Corporation. JR-West purchased the line in October 1991 at a cost of 974.1 billion JPY in long-term payable debt, JNRSC sold 68. 3% of JR-West in an initial public offering on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in October 1996. JRTT offered all of its shares in JR-West to the public in an international IPO in 2004, JR-West is now listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, Nagoya Stock Exchange, Osaka Securities Exchange and the Fukuoka Stock Exchange
5.
Sakurai Line
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The Sakurai Line is a railway line operated by West Japan Railway Company in Nara Prefecture. It connects Nara on the Yamatoji Line to Takada on the Wakayama Line, with services continuing on the Wakayama Line to Ōji Station. Starting on March 13,2010, it is referred to by the nickname Manyō-Mahoroba Line in reference to the number of ancient landmarks along the lines route. The Osaka Railway Co. opened the Takada - Sakurai section in 1893, in 1900 the Osaka Railway Co. merged with the Kansai Railway Co. and the Nara Railway Co. did likewise in 1905. In 1907 the Kansai Railway Co. was nationalised, CTC signalling was commissioned in 1979, and the line was electrified in 1980. Sakurai station - The Osaka Electric Railway Co. operated a 6km line to Hatsuse between 1909 and 1938, the Yamoto Railway Co. line from Oji connected between 1923 and 1944, when that line closed beyond Tawaramoto station. Unebi station - The Kintetsu Railway Osa line connected here between 1924 and 1945, list of railway lines in Japan This article incorporates material from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia
6.
Kisei Main Line
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The Kisei Main Line is a railway line that parallels the coastline of the Kii Peninsula in Japan between Mie Prefecture and Wakayama Prefecture. The name takes the characters from the names of the old provinces of Kii. The line is operated by Central Japan Railway Company from Kameyama, the terminus, to Shingū, and by West Japan Railway Company from Shingū to Wakayamashi. The segment between Shingū and Wakayama is nicknamed as the Kinokuni Line, after the name of the Kii Province. The line has connections with through service, to the Kansai Main Line for Nagoya via Ise Railway, the Kuroshio runs between Kyoto/Shin-Osaka/Tennōji and Shingū with 16 return workings a day. The line is divided to five parts for local services, by Shingū, Kii-Tanabe, Gobō. In 1891, the Kansai Railway opened the Kameyama to Tsu section, at the western end, the Kiwa Railway opened the Wakayamashi to Wakayama section in 1903, and was acquired by the Kansai Railway the following year. The Kansai Railway and the Sangu Railway were nationalised in 1907, in 1912, the Shingu Railway opened the Kii-Katsuura to Miwasaki section, extending the line to Shingu the following year. The company was nationalised in 1934, in 1935, the Kii-Katsuura to Taiji section was opened by JGR, extended to Kushimoto the following year, and to Esumi in 1940, providing a link to Wakayama and Osaka. The successor to JGR, the Japanese National Railways, opened the Owase to Shingu section in stages between 1956 and 1959, completing the line, the Akogi to Takajaya section was double-tracked in 1909, with the Matsusaka to Tokuwa section double-tracked two years later. In 1944, both sections were returned to track and the recovered materials recycled for the Japanese war effort. The Wakayama to Kii-Tanabe section was double-tracked in stages between 1964 and 1978, the line was electrified between Wakayama and Shingu in 1978, with the Wakayama to Wakayamashi section being commissioned in 1984. CTC signalling was commissioned between Wakayama and Shingu in 1978, and extended to Kameyama in 1983, Akogi Station, The Chusei Railway operated a 6 km 762 mm gauge line between Iwatahashi and Hisai between 1909 and 1942. At Hisai, it connected to the Dainippon Railway 15 km 762 mm gauge line to Ise-Kawaguchi on the Meisho Line between 1925 and 1942, Matsusaka Station, Mie Kotsu operated 20 km 762 mm line to Oishi between 1912 and 1964. The line was electrified at 600 V DC in 1927, although steam locomotives continued to be used until 1938, Tokuwa Station, The Ise Electric Railway main line connected here between 1930 and 1941. Funatsu Station, The Osugidani forest railway connected here to haul cedar and it was opened between 1929 and 1952 utilising 762 mm gauge, and featured a 17 km main line and nine branches of between 1 km and 11 km in length, as well as two cable-hauled inclines. The last line closed in 1974, fujinami Station, The 9 km Arita Railway line between Yuasa and Kanaya which operated between 1915 and 2003 connected at this station. Kainan Station, The Nogami Electric Railway operated an 11 km line, electrified at 600 V DC, freight services operated between 1951 and 1971
7.
Fukuen Line
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The Fukuen Line is a railway line in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, operated by the West Japan Railway Company. It connects Fukuyama Station in Fukuyama and Miyoshi Station in Miyoshi,105 series 2-car EMUs KiHa 120-300 single-car DMUs The Ryobi Light Railway opened a 762 mm gauge line to Fuchu in 1914, and electrified it at 750 V DC in 1927. The company was nationalised in 1933, the year the Japanese Government Railway opened the Shiomachi to Kisa section of the line. The Fukuyama to Fuchu section was regauged to 1,067 mm in 1935, the two sections were connected with the opening of the Fuchu to Joge section in 1938. Freight services ceased in 1986, and in 1989, the 6,123 m Hattabara Tunnel and associated deviation were commissioned, wanman driver only operation commenced on the non-electrified section between Fuchū and Miyoshi on 1 April 1991, using KiHa 120-300 DMUs. Driver-only operation commenced on the section between Fukuyama and Fuchū on 14 March 1992, using 105 series EMUs
8.
Ube Line
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The Ube Line is a railway line in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, operated by the West Japan Railway Company. The line connects Shin-Yamaguchi Station in Yamaguchi and Ube Station in Ube, all stations are in Yamaguchi Prefecture. 105 series 2-car EMUs 123 series single-car EMUs The Ube Light Railway Co. opened the Ube - Ube-Shinkawa section in 1914, extending the line to Tokonami in 1923, the line was electrified at 1500 VDC in 1929. In 1928 the Ube Electric Railway Co. opened a 1km line from Ube-Shinkawa to Ubeko, with a 2km branch to the Okinoyama coal mine, both companies merged in 1941, becoming the Ube Railway Co. which was nationalised in 1943. Passenger services to Ubeko ceased in 1952, and both closed in 1961. CTC signalling was commissioned in 1983, and freight ceased in 1999. Wanman driver only operation commenced on the section between Ube-Shinkawa and Inō on 1 June 1990, using 105 and 123 series EMUs, the entire line was switched to driver only operation on 14 March 1992. Ube station - The Funaki Railway Co. opened a 6km 762mm gauge line in 1916, the line was converted to 1067mm gauge in 1922, and extended 12km to Kibe in 1926. The last 8km closed in 1944, and the balance of the line in 1961, list of railway lines in Japan This article incorporates material from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia
