1.
Milan
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Milan is a city in Italy, capital of the Lombardy region, and the most populous metropolitan area and the second most populous comune in Italy. The population of the city proper is 1,351,000, Milan has a population of about 8,500,000 people. It is the industrial and financial centre of Italy and one of global significance. In terms of GDP, it has the largest economy among European non-capital cities, Milan is considered part of the Blue Banana and lies at the heart of one of the Four Motors for Europe. Milan is an Alpha leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, design, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, services, research, and tourism. Its business district hosts Italys Stock Exchange and the headquarters of the largest national and international banks, the city is a major world fashion and design capital, well known for several international events and fairs, including Milan Fashion Week and the Milan Furniture Fair. The city hosts numerous cultural institutions, academies and universities, with 11% of the national total enrolled students, Milans museums, theatres and landmarks attract over 9 million visitors annually. Milan – after Naples – is the second Italian city with the highest number of accredited stars from the Michelin Guide, the city hosted the Universal Exposition in 1906 and 2015. Milan is home to two of Europes major football teams, A. C. Milan and F. C. Internazionale, the etymology of Milan is uncertain. One theory holds that the Latin name Mediolanum comes from the Latin words medio, however, some scholars believe lanum comes from the Celtic root lan, meaning an enclosure or demarcated territory in which Celtic communities used to build shrines. Hence, Mediolanum could signify the central town or sanctuary of a Celtic tribe, indeed, the name Mediolanum is borne by about sixty Gallo-Roman sites in France, e. g. Saintes and Évreux. Alciato credits Ambrose for his account, around 400 BC, the Celtic Insubres settled Milan and the surrounding region. In 222 BC, the Romans conquered the settlement, renaming it Mediolanum, Milan was eventually declared the capital of the Western Roman Empire by Emperor Diocletian in 286 AD. Diocletian chose to stay in the Eastern Roman Empire and his colleague Maximianus ruled the Western one, immediately Maximian built several monuments, such as a large circus 470 m ×85 m, the Thermae Herculeae, a large complex of imperial palaces and several other buildings. With the Edict of Milan of 313, Emperor Constantine I guaranteed freedom of religion for Christians, after the city was besieged by the Visigoths in 402, the imperial residence was moved to Ravenna. In 452, the Huns overran the city, in 539, the Ostrogoths conquered and destroyed Milan during the Gothic War against Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. In the summer of 569, a Teutonic tribe, the Lombards, conquered Milan, some Roman structures remained in use in Milan under Lombard rule. Milan surrendered to the Franks in 774 when Charlemagne took the title of King of the Lombards, the Iron Crown of Lombardy dates from this period
2.
Kris Ruhs
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Kris Ruhs is an American painter and sculptor. He also works on drawing, graphic arts, jewelry, ceramics, Kris Andrew Ruhs was born in Queens, New York, on March 7,1952 from a family of German extraction. He grew up in New York City and from 1970 to 1973 attended The School of Visual Arts with Richard Artschwager, in the 1970s works on commercial assignments for various New York publications and emporiums. Has a group show with Art Consultant Elisabeth Ives Bartholet and a first solo show at Caravan House, during this time Ruhs begins the exploration of found materials that would remain one of the hallmarks of his work going forward. Moves studio from 168 East 66th Street to 45 West 18th Street, in the 1980s, solo show at Richard Greene Gallery and begins showing with Gary Lajeski and the Tower Gallery, New York and South Hampton. Several solo and group shows through the decade and he begins his first series of sculptures inspired by the wood discarded in the streets next to his studio on lower Broadway. Discards of various shapes and sizes become favored materials for him, old wood is cut, scraped, carved, painted over and burned to give a new surface and shape that carries a deep, metaphorical weight. These initial works of the Eighties will go on to create the template of future work, collaborates with Cynthia Lennon on Atlanta mural. Develops ARTWEAR branding with friend Robert Lee Morris and starts making jewellery himself, in the early 90s Ruhs moves his studio from Chelsea to Lower Broadway and began his transition to Europe. In the mid 1990s Ruhs closed his studio in New York, the new location giving him space to work on the big sculptural pieces and installation. At this time he begins his experiments with ceramics and startes a cycle of large metal sculptures and he makes editorial illustrations for Italian Vogue. Works on different design assignments in Berlin, Seoul and Tokyo, as well as on big sculptural pieces and installation. He designs furniture art pieces, first produced in 1991 by Giulio Cappellini for Cappellini Arte and creates architectural installations and he creates jewelry art pieces in ebony, brass, silver and gold for collectors and designers with the same dimensional aspects as his other artworks. In the late 90s Ruhs starts a studio in Paris in the 18th district, as he continued to pursue his personal art, his reputation as a designer leads to several assignments around the world Kris Ruhs, Jewellery, Carla Sozzani Editore. Photographs by Vanni Burkhart and Ilvio Gallo, printed by Nava web spa, Milan,2009. ISBN 978-88-7942-846-0 Kris Ruhs, Oil on Paper and Collages 1999–2000, printed by Nava web spa, Milan,2007. 66 pages - 30x40 cm.39 illustrations, ISBN 978-88-7942-845-3 Kris Ruhs, Ceramics, Carla Sozzani Editore. Printed by Nava web spa, Milan,2006,114 pages -24, 5x26 cm.104 illustrations
3.
Samsung
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Samsung Group is a South Korean multinational conglomerate headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul. It comprises numerous affiliated businesses, most of them united under the Samsung brand, Samsung was founded by Lee Byung-chul in 1938 as a trading company. Over the next three decades, the group diversified into areas including food processing, textiles, insurance, securities, Samsung entered the electronics industry in the late 1960s and the construction and shipbuilding industries in the mid-1970s, these areas would drive its subsequent growth. Following Lees death in 1987, Samsung was separated into four business groups – Samsung Group, Shinsegae Group, CJ Group, since 1990, Samsung has increasingly globalised its activities and electronics, in particular, its mobile phones and semiconductors have become its most important source of income. Notable Samsung industrial affiliates include Samsung Electronics, Samsung Heavy Industries, other notable subsidiaries include Samsung Life Insurance, Samsung Everland and Cheil Worldwide. Samsung has an influence on South Koreas economic development, politics, media. Its affiliate companies produce around a fifth of South Koreas total exports, Samsungs revenue was equal to 17% of South Koreas $1,082 billion GDP. On 17 February 2017, Vice Chairman Lee Jae-yong was arrested for bribery, embezzlement, hiding assets overseas, according to Samsungs founder, the meaning of the Korean hanja word Samsung is tri-star or three stars. The word three represents something big, numerous and powerful, in 1938, Lee Byung-chull of a large landowning family in the Uiryeong county moved to nearby Daegu city and founded Samsung Sanghoe. Samsung started out as a trading company with forty employees located in Su-dong. It dealt in dried-fish, locally-grown groceries and made noodles, the company prospered and Lee moved its head office to Seoul in 1947. When the Korean War broke out, he was forced to leave Seoul and he started a sugar refinery in Busan named Cheil Jedang. In 1954, Lee founded Cheil Mojik and built the plant in Chimsan-dong and it was the largest woollen mill ever in the country. Samsung diversified into different areas. Lee sought to establish Samsung as leader in a range of industries. Samsung moved into lines of such as insurance, securities. President Park Chung Hee placed great importance on industrialization and he focused his economic development strategy on a handful of large domestic conglomerates, protecting them from competition and assisting them financially. In 1947, Cho Hong-jai, the Hyosung groups founder, jointly invested in a new company called Samsung Mulsan Gongsa, or the Samsung Trading Corporation, the trading firm grew to become the present-day Samsung C&T Corporation
4.
Nanjing Road
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Nanjing Road is the main shopping street of Shanghai, China, and is one of the worlds busiest shopping streets. The street is named after the city of Nanjing, capital of Jiangsu province neighbouring Shanghai, todays Nanjing Road comprises two sections, Nanjing Road East and Nanjing Road West. In some contexts, Nanjing Road refers only to what was pre-1945 Nanjing Road, todays Nanjing Road East, before the adoption of the pinyin romanisation in the 1950s, its name was rendered as Nanking Road in English. Nanjing Road is located in the city center, running in a west-east direction and its eastern section is in Huangpu District and extends from The Bund west to Peoples Square. The western section begins at Peoples Square and continues westward towards Jingan District, the history of Nanjing Road can be traced back to the year 1845. At that time it was called “Park Lane”, which stretched from the Bund to He’nan Road, in 1854, it was extended to Zhejiang Road, and eight years later, once more extended to Xizang Road. In 1862, it was named formally “Nanking Road” by the Municipal Council, in Chinese it was usually referred to as the Main Road. Around 1930 it was a street with at least one reported casino. At the beginning of the 20th century, eight big department stores were established along the street, a series of franchised stores were also set up at that time. On 23 August 1937 a bomb was dropped on Nanjing Road by a Chinese plane in an attempt to lighten its load while being pursued by Japanese planes, the bomb hit two department stores, killing 612 people and injuring another 482. In 2000, as a part of the development plan held by the local government, the width is about 28 meters and the total length is 1,200 meters, which extends from Middle Henan Road to Middle Xizang Road. In 2007, the Jingan and Huangpu governments agreed to coordinate their policy to enhance the development of Nanjing Road and this agreement followed a request by the committee of Champs-Elysees in the perspective of a friendship agreement between both famous streets. Nanjing Road is the worlds longest shopping district, around 5. 5km long, East Nanjing Road is a dedicated commercial zone. At its eastern end is the section of the Bund. Close by is the Central Market, an outdoor market today specialising in electronic components. Further west is the Nanjing Road pedestrian mall, located here are most of Shanghais oldest and largest department stores, as well as a variety of domestic retail outlets, and some traditional eateries with a long history. The pedestrian mall, and East Nanjing Road, ends at Peoples Park, opposite the park are some of Shanghais prestigious historic hotels, including Park Hotel. West Nanjing Road begins here, and features a number of malls, office buildings, the Shanghai Exhibition Centre
5.
Cheongdam-dong
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Cheongdam-dong is a ward of Gangnam District in Seoul, South Korea. The area epitomizes the wealthy lifestyle of Koreans, especially for professionals who have studied overseas. It is known as a shopping area, with the main shopping street dubbed Cheongdam Fashion Street. Along with Apgujeong’s Rodeo Street in Apgujeong-dong and Garosu-gil in Sinsa-dong and this area was originally named Chungsutgol which means clean water valley, for a clean pond that existed here during the Joseon Dynasty. On January 1,1963, Cheongdam-dong was incorporated into Seoul, on October 1,1973, it became one of the 26 dong of the Gangnam District or Gangnam-gu. Gangnam-gu is one of the 25 gu in Seoul, since 1988, Cheongdam-dong has been divided into two sub-regions, Cheongdam 1 dong and Cheongdam 2 dong. Cheongdam-dong was underdeveloped up till 10 years ago, during which time and it formed the existing gallery street, near the Galleria Department Store in Apgujeong-dong towards Cheongdam Park. The area is the location for the headquarters of K-pop management companies S. M, Entertainment, JYP Entertainment, Cube Entertainment, and J. Tune Entertainment. Since January 2012, the area is home to FNC Entertainment. The MCM Haus flagship store is located in the area. One half of the facade is designed by British artist Richard Woods. It also has an Italian restaurant in the basement, furnished with Woods designs, shopping and dining complex 10 Corso Como, opened in 2008, opposite the Galleria Department Store. Also in September 2008, French jeweler Cartier opened its first flagship store in South Korea, named Cartier Maison, located on Apgujeong-ro, with its facade inspired by Korean Bojagi wrapping cloth. Helmed by Managing Director Philippe Galtie, he said It is the largest in Korea, in June 2012, luxury bridal gown designer Vera Wang opened her third global and first Asian flagship store Vera Wang Bridal Korea, helmed by President Jung Mi-ri, in Cheongdam-dong. In December 2012, the area was the setting for SBS weekend drama series and it stars Moon Geun-young, Park Si-hoo, So Yi-hyun and Kim Ji-seok, and is based on the novel, Cheongdamdong Audrey. In May 2013, the 10 Corso Como store was used as a location for the music video of Psys 2013 single Gentleman. In media coverage, Cheongdam-dong is often portrayed as a luxury town, the Fasion Street area is also called new-money neighborhood, a place where the most immaculately dressed, beautiful, and yet curiously unhappy-looking women in Korean can be seen. While it is true that a part of Cheongdam-dong is full of luxury stores, K-Pop hubs, and galleries
6.
Psy
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Park Jae-sang, known professionally as Psy, stylized PSY, is a South Korean singer, rapper, songwriter, and record producer. Psy is known domestically for his humorous videos and stage performances, the songs refrain Oppan Gangnam Style was entered into The Yale Book of Quotations as one of the most famous quotations of 2012. On October 23,2012, Psy met United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon at the UN Headquarters where Ban expressed his desire to work with the singer because of his unlimited global reach. On December 21,2012, his video for Gangnam Style exceeded one billion views on YouTube. Psy was subsequently recognized by the media as the King of YouTube, on May 31,2014, the video for Psys Gangnam Style hit two billion views. As of April 2017, it is still the most viewed video on YouTube, Park Jae-sang was born on December 31,1977, to an affluent family in the Gangnam District of Seoul, South Korea. His father, Park Won-Ho, is the chairman of DI Corporation. His mother, Kim Young-hee, owns several restaurants in Gangnam, Park attended Banpo Elementary and Middle Schools and Sehwa High School. He disliked school and bothered some of his classmates, although he sometimes made them laugh. In an interview on South Koreas Seoul Broadcasting System, a teacher of Park said. He had such a big influence that he would drive the entire class to his jokes, I disliked him at the time, but looking back, I see that he added a great energy to the class. Park told CNNs Alina Cho that when he was 15 years old, one particular episode showed a concert at Wembley Stadium held by the British rock band Queen where they performed their 1975 hit single Bohemian Rhapsody. Park said it was this footage that sparked his love for music. As part of preparations to take over DI Corporation from his father, after attending an English-language summer course and studying for one semester, Park dropped out of Boston University and applied to study at Berklee College of Music instead. In South Korea, Psy made his first appearance on Korean national television in 2000 after his dancing caught the eye of a TV producer, in January 2001, Psy debuted his full-length album Psy from the Psycho World. For which he was fined by South Korean government authorities due to his albums inappropriate content and his second album Sa 2 also created controversy upon its release in 2002, earning complaints from civil groups due to the potentially negative influence his album would have on children and teenagers. Since then, Psy has been thought of as a controversial artist, in September of the same year, Psy released his third album 3 Psy. The albums title song, Champion, saw great success due to the hype from the World Cup games held in Seoul
7.
Gentleman (Psy song)
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Gentleman is a K-pop song by South Korean musician Psy released on April 12,2013, serving as his 19th single. The song serves as the follow-up to his hit single Gangnam Style. The first public performance of the song, with its dance, was unveiled at 6,30 pm on April 13 at Seoul World Cup Stadium in Seoul. A poster and Twitter message was released containing the line of the song Im a mother f••••• gentleman. As of March 2017, the video has been viewed more than 1 billion times, the song has reached number one on charts in three countries and has topped iTunes charts in 40 countries. Psy first announced a new single would be forthcoming by Twitter on March 8 and he originally intended to follow up Gangnam Style with a song called Assarabia, which is Korean slang for Oh Yeah. But changed course upon realizing that the title might be offensive to Arab listeners, for the April 13 debut of the dance, Psy instructed fans to attend in white attire. 50,000 people attended the April 13 World Cup Stadium performance, the 6,30 pm Seoul time/2,30 am U. S. ET performance was broadcast live on YouTube. Psy felt a lot of pressure to satisfy his growing fanbase, saying Of course I feel more burden than before, the new dance is characterized by fast, hip-swinging movements in Stuff. Or motherf***er depending on the interpretation of PSYs accent, a poster was also released containing the main line of the song Im a mother fxxxxx gentleman. At a press conference for the Happening concert, PSY mentioned that he chose the phrase because it was easy to pronounce and he also chose alangamola as a common lyric in the song as it was easy to sing along to. The song features more English than Gangnam Style, the website The Huffington Post classifies the song as electropop, while Time describes it as K-pop. He described the song as a sort of a mash-up of my previous 10 tracks and 10 hooks, I made a surgery with those 10 songs. Initial reactions were mixed as critics acknowledged the catchy tunes of Gentleman, cNNs Jake Tapper asserted that Psys concern about being left behind as a one-hit wonder is completely founded. Simon Vozick-Levinson, associate editor at Rolling Stone, pointed out that Its almost impossible to create another hit like Gangnam Style, Psy responded to these concerns and says, I’ve been doing this for 12 years. Would it be fair to me a one-hit wonder just because my next song falls flat. I gained international fame almost by accident but that not mean that I will make desperate efforts to maintain that global popularity. I will just continue to do what I have been doing for all these years, if it satisfies people’s appetite it will
