1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Hip hop music
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It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
3.
Los Angeles Times
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The Los Angeles Times, commonly referred to as the Times or LA Times, is a paid daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California, since 1881. It was the largest metropolitan newspaper in circulation in the United States in 2008, the Times is owned by tronc. The Times was first published on December 4,1881, as the Los Angeles Daily Times under the direction of Nathan Cole Jr. and it was first printed at the Mirror printing plant, owned by Jesse Yarnell and T. J. Unable to pay the bill, Cole and Gardiner turned the paper over to the Mirror Company. Mathes had joined the firm, and it was at his insistence that the Times continued publication, in July 1882, Harrison Gray Otis moved from Santa Barbara to become the papers editor. Otis made the Times a financial success, in an era where newspapers were driven by party politics, the Times was directed at Republican readers. As was typical of newspapers of the time, the Times would sit on stories for several days, historian Kevin Starr wrote that Otis was a businessman capable of manipulating the entire apparatus of politics and public opinion for his own enrichment. Otiss editorial policy was based on civic boosterism, extolling the virtues of Los Angeles, the efforts of the Times to fight local unions led to the October 1,1910 bombing of its headquarters, killing twenty-one people. Two union leaders, James and Joseph McNamara, were charged, the American Federation of Labor hired noted trial attorney Clarence Darrow to represent the brothers, who eventually pleaded guilty. Upon Otiss death in 1917, his son-in-law, Harry Chandler, Harry Chandler was succeeded in 1944 by his son, Norman Chandler, who ran the paper during the rapid growth of post-war Los Angeles. Family members are buried at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery near Paramount Studios, the site also includes a memorial to the Times Building bombing victims. The fourth generation of family publishers, Otis Chandler, held that position from 1960 to 1980, Otis Chandler sought legitimacy and recognition for his familys paper, often forgotten in the power centers of the Northeastern United States due to its geographic and cultural distance. He sought to remake the paper in the model of the nations most respected newspapers, notably The New York Times, believing that the newsroom was the heartbeat of the business, Otis Chandler increased the size and pay of the reporting staff and expanded its national and international reporting. In 1962, the paper joined with the Washington Post to form the Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Service to syndicate articles from both papers for news organizations. During the 1960s, the paper won four Pulitzer Prizes, more than its previous nine decades combined, eventually the coupon-clipping branches realized that they could make more money investing in something other than newspapers. Under their pressure the companies went public, or split apart, thats the pattern followed over more than a century by the Los Angeles Times under the Chandler family. The papers early history and subsequent transformation was chronicled in an unauthorized history Thinking Big and it has also been the whole or partial subject of nearly thirty dissertations in communications or social science in the past four decades. In 2000, the Tribune Company acquired the Times, placing the paper in co-ownership with then-WB -affiliated KTLA, which Tribune acquired in 1985
4.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
5.
Del the Funky Homosapien
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Teren Delvon Jones, better known as Del the Funky Homosapien or Sir DZL, is an alternative American hip hop MC, producer and singer. Born in Oakland, California, he is the cousin of seminal west coast rapper Ice Cube, in 1991, with the help of Ice Cube, Del released his first solo album, I Wish My Brother George Was Here, at the age of 18. The album was a success largely due to the popularity of the hit single. Ultimately Del, who was not pleased with the musical range of the album, severed his production-artist relationship with Ice Cube for his next album. No Need for Alarm saw the introduction of the Oakland clique Hieroglyphics, whose members included Souls of Mischief, Casual, Pep Love, Del. No Need for Alarm helped to both the regional Oakland sound of hip hop, as well as the freestyle based, golden era 90s style of hip hop being expanded at the time. Del would not produce another album for five years, about a month before the release of his third album, Future Development, Del received a letter from his label, Elektra, stating that his contract had been terminated. Future Development became available in 1998, the album was only available on the Hieroglyphics website in tape form, but was re-released in 2002 under the Hieroglyphics Imperium label. Del also released another collaborative work with the Hieroglyphics crew in 1998, two years later, Del released his fourth solo album, Both Sides of the Brain, as well as Deltron 3030 which was a collaborative work with artists Dan the Automator and Kid Koala. With Nakamura and Koala, Del was also a guest performer for Gorillaz 2001 eponymous album Gorillaz and he appeared on the singles Clint Eastwood and Rock the House. 2003 saw the release of Full Circle, the second album from the Hieroglyphics crew. In 2004 Elektra released The Best of Del tha Funkee Homosapien, the CD only includes songs from his first two albums, along with a handful of b-sides from that era. Del was not pleased and advised people to not buy the CD, on March 11,2008 Del released Eleventh Hour through Definitive Jux. On March 31,2009 Dels next album Funk Man was made available for download on the internet. The album is available at his page on Bandcamp, though he gave away some hard copies on his supporting Funk Man tour, in September of the same year, he released a new album, Automatik Statik, for an unfixed rate with a minimum of $3. Del released his next album It Aint Illegal Yet on August 6,2010, there is no fixed price for the album, allowing listeners to pay whatever they wish for the album. Del shared a free LP entitled Iller Than Most on January 2,2014 and he uploaded the record to SoundCloud under the username Zartan Drednaught COBRA. He described the project as lyrically ill but fun to listen to, Del handled the production on the project as well
6.
Pitchfork (website)
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Pitchfork is an American online magazine launched in 1995 by Ryan Schreiber, based in Chicago, Illinois and owned by Condé Nast. The site generally concentrates on new music, but Pitchfork journalists have also reviewed reissues, in late 1995, Ryan Schreiber, a recent high school graduate, created the magazine in Minneapolis. Influenced by local fanzines and KUOM, Schreiber, who had no writing experience. At first being Turntable, the site was updated monthly with interviews and reviews, in May 1996, the site began publishing daily and was renamed Pitchfork, alluding to Tony Montanas tattoo in Scarface. In early 1999, Schreiber relocated Pitchfork to Chicago, Illinois, by then, the site had expanded to four full-length album reviews daily, as well as sporadic interviews, features, and columns. It had also begun garnering a following for its coverage of underground music and its writing style. In October, the added a daily music news section. Pitchfork has launched a variety of subsidiary websites, Pitchfork. tv, a website displaying videos related to many independent music acts, launched in April 2008. It features bands that are found on Pitchfork. In July 2010, Pitchfork announced Altered Zones, a blog devoted to underground. On 21 May 2011, Pitchfork announced a partnership with Kill Screen, Altered Zones was closed on November 30. On December 26,2012, Pitchfork launched Nothing Major, a website that covered visual arts such as fine art, Nothing Major closed in October 2013. On October 13,2015, Condé Nast announced that it had acquired Pitchfork, following the sale, Schreiber remained as editor-in-chief. On March 13,2016, Pitchfork was redesigned, some publications have cited Pitchfork in having played a part in breaking artists such as Arcade Fire, Sufjan Stevens, Clap Your Hands Say Yeah, Interpol, The Go. Conversely, Pitchfork has also seen as being a negative influence on some indie artists. A dismissive 0.0 review of former Dismemberment Plan frontman Travis Morrisons Travistan album led to a sales drop. On the other hand, an endorsement from Pitchfork – which dispenses its approval one-tenth of a point at a time, up to a maximum of 10 points – is very valuable, indeed. Examples of Pitchforks impact include, Arcade Fire is among the bands most commonly cited to have benefited from a Pitchfork review
7.
Busdriver
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Regan John Farquhar, better known by his stage name Busdriver, is a rapper and producer from Los Angeles, California. He has collaborated with such as Myka 9, Nocando, Open Mike Eagle, 2Mex. His primary producers have been Daedelus, Boom Bip, Daddy Kev, Loden, Paris Zax, Omid and he has also worked with D-Styles on two albums. Born in Los Angeles, Regan Farquhar was introduced to hip hop at an early age and he began rapping at age 9. By 13, he was part of the group 4/29, which was inspired by the 1992 Los Angeles riots, at 16, he joined the Project Blowed scene. Busdrivers solo album, Temporary Forever, was released in 2002 and he released Cosmic Cleavage on Big Dada in 2004. Busdriver released RoadKillOvercoat on Epitaph Records in 2007, another solo album, Jhelli Beam, was released on ANTI- in 2009. He is the producer of Thirsty Fishs 2009 album Watergate. Busdriver released a free mixtape Computer Cooties in 2010 and he also started a band Physical Forms with Jeff Byron, who is a former member of The Mae Shi, in the same year. Physical Forms released a split 7-inch single, Hoofdriver, with Deerhoof on Polyvinyl Records, another of Busdrivers projects is Flash Bang Grenada, a collaboration with the rapper Nocando. The duo released the album,10 Haters, on Hellfyre Club in 2011. Busdrivers solo album, Beaus$Eros, was released on Fake Four Inc. in 2012 and he released the free EP, Arguments with Dreams, later that year. Busdriver on Epitaph Records Busdriver on Mush Records
8.
Shlohmo
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Henry Laufer, better known by his stage name Shlohmo, is an American electronic musician from Los Angeles, California. He is a member of the Los Angeles electronic music collection WeDidIt. He has collaborated with How to Dress Well and Björk, Shlohmo released his debut album, Bad Vibes, on Friends of Friends in 2011. His Vacation EP was released in 2012 and he released the Laid Out EP in 2013. After Shlohmo remixed Jeremihs Fuck U All the Time in 2012, a collaborative EP with Jeremih was released on WeDidIt and Def Jam Recordings in 2014. On February 13,2014, Shlohmo and Jeremih released a new song off their forthcoming EP together, the track, No More, was premiered by NPR and was released in time for Valentines Day. The Weeknd - Crew Love Salva - Yellobone from Yellobone Tomas Barfod - Broken Glass Aaliyah feat
9.
URB (magazine)
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URB is a monthly American magazine devoted to electronic music, hip hop and urban lifestyle and culture. Based in Los Angeles, California, the magazine was founded in 1990 by Raymond Roker, publication of the print edition was suspended following the Summer 2009 issue. Plans were announced for the October 2009 launch of issue #159 as a publication, with further issues to follow. Roker cited a significant shift in consumption and media habits worldwide, prior to 2007, one issue a year was devoted to features of The Next 100 up-and-coming musicians. In April 2007, the feature was moved to the magazines website, instead of featuring 100 emerging artists and groups in a single issue of the magazine,20 artists and groups are featured each week on the website, over the course of a year. The artists to be featured are selected by URBs editorial staff and are rated by the sites visitors, URBs online presence, URB. com, was minimal until a redesigned site was launched April 2,2007. The new 2007 version of URB, URB. com also distributes a weekly e-zine to over 150,000 subscribers. The site also publishes a monthly podcast which features artist interviews, URB. com - URB Magazines Official Website URBs daily music and culture blog
10.
Consequence of Sound
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Consequence of Sound is a Chicago-based online magazine featuring news, editorials, and reviews of music and movies. In addition, the website features the Festival Outlook micro-site. The website takes its name from the Regina Spektor song, Consequence of Sounds. The site was founded in September 2007 by Alex Young—who now has the role of the sites CEO and publisher—and it has a staff of over 50 writers, editors, graphic designers. In February 2012, the website launched a long form writing section, in March 2012, the website launched its first-ever mobile app at South by Southwest. Consequence of Sound is listed as one of the most influential music websites by Technorati, in 2010, About. com ranked Consequence of Sound the years best music blog, based on Technorati rankings and the online buzz throughout the year. In the Spring of 2014, Style of Sound calculated that Consequence of Sound charted as the No.2 Most Influential Music Blog, a popular feature of Consequence of Sound is the Festival Outlook, posting rumors regarding bands playing music festivals. However, it has caused some controversy, in 2009, CoS reported that Paul McCartney and The Killers would headline the 2009 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival prior to its lineup announcement. In 2010, CoS reported that Muse, Jay-Z, and Gorillaz would headline the 2010 Coachella Valley Music, official website Consequence of Sound on Facebook Consequence of Sound on Twitter
11.
Open Mike Eagle
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Eagle II, better known by his stage name Open Mike Eagle, is an American alternative hip hop artist. Originally from Chicago, Illinois, he is now based in Los Angeles, California and he is also a member of Thirsty Fish and Swim Team. Mike grew up in Chicago and lived with his grandparents until he was 13 at which point he moved in with his mother and he attended Whitney M. Young Magnet High School and went on to Southern Illinois University Carbondale where he majored in psychology. There he became friends with Hannibal Buress after being his resident adviser. He did a year of school, but quickly moved to Los Angeles to live with his dad. He began working for AmeriCorps for six months before getting a job at a halfway house. As he continued to work odd jobs, Mike rapped as a hobby before discovering Project Blowed, in 2010, Open Mike Eagle released the first solo album, Unapologetic Art Rap, on Mush Records. The album features Nocando, Busdriver, and Serengeti and his second album, Rappers Will Die of Natural Causes, was released on Hellfyre Club in 2011. It features vocal contributions from P. O. S and MC Paul Barman, in 2012, Open Mike Eagle released the album, 4nml Hsptl, on Fake Four Inc. It is entirely produced by Awkward, in 2012, he co-authored and participated in a study conducted by the National Institutes of Health that observed the locations of increased brain activity during freestyle rapping. Open Mike Eagle, Dumbfoundead and Psychosiz make up the rap trio Thirsty Fish and they released the first album Testing the Waters in 2007 and the second album Watergate on Mush Records in 2011. All three members of Thirsty Fish are also co-founders of the battle crew Swim Team, in 2008, Swim Team released the mixtape Oceans 11. On June 13,2014 & August 15,2014, Mike Eagle appeared live on Ron and he met his wife Tiffany at a TransAfrica nationalist conference at UCLA and they have one son together. Mike also has a brother and sister. Mike Eagle has expressed his appreciation for the Cartoon Network animated television series Adventure Time, in June 2015, Eagle along with John Moe, launched Conversation Parade, a podcast in which the two discuss the show. More recently, Open Mike Eagle podcasts regularly on his podcast Secret Skin, Mike Eagle also co-hosts the pro-wrestling podcast Tights and Fights with Hal Lublin and Danielle Radford on the Maximum Fun Network. He has coined his own term for the style of some of his music, which he calls Art Rap. D. Memory Man - Funtastic from Broadcast One Milo - True Nen from So the Flies Dont Come Blu & Fate - Oblivia from Open Your Optics to Optimism Factor Chandelier - Dozer II from Factoria P. O
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