1.
Arizona State Capitol
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The Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix, Arizona, United States, was the last home for Arizonas Territorial government, until Arizona became a state in 1912. Initially all three branches of the new state government occupied the four floors of the statehouse, as the state expanded the branches relocated to adjacent buildings and additions. The 1901 portion of the Capitol is now maintained as the Arizona Capitol Museum with the mission of Celebrating Arizonas vibrant cultural heritage through history, the Arizona State Library occupies the 1938 addition. Museum Exhibits, Events and Programs focus on the evolution of Arizona from Territory to State, topics include, Arizona state symbols, Arizona Approaching statehood, and the Arizona Constitution. Visitors can enter the Historic House Chamber where the people can sit at the desks, there is also a room dedicated to the 140 changes in the Arizona Constitution over 100 years of statehood. The Governors office on the floor has a wax figure of Arizonas First State Governor. Hunt, and an exhibit that includes a flag used by Teddy Roosevelts Rough Riders, both of these historical artifacts survived the sinking of the Arizona because they had been removed from the ship for cleaning prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor. Of particular interest is the display of a collection of gifts received by Arizona as part of the Merci Train sent by France to the United States following World War II. The French wanted to thank America for sending 250 railroad cars full of fuel, oil, all of the items were to be loaded in Forty and Eight-type boxcars, named after the sign painted on them which stated that 40 men or 8 horses could be loaded inside. Each car was to be adorned with the coats of arms of all of the provinces of France, the capitol building displays work by the noted Arizona artist Lon Megargee. The museum is launching a program for private rental. For the first time in history, this building will be the backdrop for receptions, business dinners. The building was created as part of an effort to demonstrate that the Arizona Territory was ready for statehood, funding deficits meant the project had to be reduced, so the legislative wings were discarded from the plan and a small lead-alloy top substituted for Gordons decorative dome. Construction of the Capitol began in 1898, and it began operation in 1901. In 1918 and 1938, expansions were added on the west side of the building and it was home to the Legislature until 1960, when the current house and senate buildings were constructed, and the Governors Office until 1974, when the executive tower was built. The state at that time had a plan of converting the original Capitol into a dedicated to Arizonas history. The original opening of the Arizona Capitol Museum was announced by Governor Bruce Babbitt at his inauguration in 1978, after a restoration, the building was re-opened as a museum in 1981. In the 1990s, more than $3 million was spent to renovate the Capitol, again, due to budget deficits, construction was stopped on a few rooms on the third floor and they remain incomplete
2.
Arizona
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Arizona is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western United States and the Mountain West states and it is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix, Arizona is one of the Four Corners states. It has borders with New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, California, and Mexico, Arizonas border with Mexico is 389 miles long, on the northern border of the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California. Arizona is the 48th state and last of the states to be admitted to the Union. Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain, after being defeated in the Mexican–American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase, Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Alpine, in addition to the Grand Canyon National Park, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments. To the European settlers, their pronunciation sounded like Arissona, the area is still known as alĭ ṣonak in the Oodham language. Another possible origin is the Basque phrase haritz ona, as there were numerous Basque sheepherders in the area, There is a misconception that the states name originated from the Spanish term Árida Zona. See also lists of counties, islands, rivers, lakes, state parks, national parks, Arizona is in the Southwestern United States as one of the Four Corners states. Arizona is the sixth largest state by area, ranked after New Mexico, of the states 113,998 square miles, approximately 15% is privately owned. The remaining area is public forest and park land, state trust land, Arizona is well known for its desert Basin and Range region in the states southern portions, which is rich in a landscape of xerophyte plants such as the cactus. This regions topography was shaped by volcanism, followed by the cooling-off. Its climate has hot summers and mild winters. The state is well known for its pine-covered north-central portion of the high country of the Colorado Plateau. Like other states of the Southwest United States, Arizona has an abundance of mountains, despite the states aridity, 27% of Arizona is forest, a percentage comparable to modern-day France or Germany. The worlds largest stand of pine trees is in Arizona
3.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
4.
Arizona Senate
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The Arizona Senate is part of the Arizona Legislature, the state legislature of the US state of Arizona. The Senate consists of 30 members each representing an average of 219,859 constituents, members serve two-year terms with term limits that limit Senators to four terms for a total of eight years. Members of the Republican Party are currently the majority in the Senate and this districting system is similar to those of the Idaho and Washington State Senate. In political science, this type of district is called a multi-member district. Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U. S. Senate, the Senate convenes in the adjacent legislative chambers at the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix. Arizona, along with Oregon, Maine and Wyoming, is one of the four U. S. states to have abolished the Office of the Lieutenant Governor, the nominal senate president in many states. The current President of the Senate is Republican Steve Yarbrough of District 17, the current Minority Leader is Katie Hobbs of District 24 with Steve Farley of District 9 as the Assistant Minority Leader
5.
Arizona House of Representatives
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The Arizona House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arizona Legislature, the state legislature of the U. S. state of Arizona. The upper house is the Senate and its members are elected to two-year terms with a term limit of four consecutive terms. Members of the Republican Party currently hold a majority in the House, each of the states 30 legislative districts elects two representatives. Each representative represents a district of at least 172,000 people, the House convenes in the legislative chambers at the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix. The Speaker is elected by the majority party caucus along with the Minority Leader, the Assistant Minority Leader, the House as a whole shall pass a House resolution confirming the Speaker and the Chief Clerk of the House. In addition to presiding over the body, the Speaker is also the leadership position. Outside of legislative authority, the Speaker is given the power to employ, terminate, the Speaker has full final authority of all expenses charged to the House of Representatives, further, the Speaker the individual responsible for approving House expense accounts. The minority party selects a Minority Leader, an Assistant Minority Leader, †Member was originally appointed to the office
6.
Speaker of the Arizona House of Representatives
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The Arizona House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arizona Legislature, the state legislature of the U. S. state of Arizona. The upper house is the Senate and its members are elected to two-year terms with a term limit of four consecutive terms. Members of the Republican Party currently hold a majority in the House, each of the states 30 legislative districts elects two representatives. Each representative represents a district of at least 172,000 people, the House convenes in the legislative chambers at the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix. The Speaker is elected by the majority party caucus along with the Minority Leader, the Assistant Minority Leader, the House as a whole shall pass a House resolution confirming the Speaker and the Chief Clerk of the House. In addition to presiding over the body, the Speaker is also the leadership position. Outside of legislative authority, the Speaker is given the power to employ, terminate, the Speaker has full final authority of all expenses charged to the House of Representatives, further, the Speaker the individual responsible for approving House expense accounts. The minority party selects a Minority Leader, an Assistant Minority Leader, †Member was originally appointed to the office
7.
George W. P. Hunt
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George Wylie Paul Hunt was an American politician and businessman. He was the first Governor of Arizona, serving a total of seven terms, in addition, Hunt served in both houses of the Arizona Territorial Legislature and was posted as U. S. Calling himself the Old Walrus, Hunt was 5 feet 9 inches tall, close to 300 pounds, bald, Hunt was also an opponent of capital punishment and a supporter of organized labor. Hunt was born in Huntsville, Missouri, to George Washington and his family was originally well-to-do, with the town of Huntsville having been named for Hunts grandfather, but lost its fortune as a result of the American Civil War. After being educated in a combination of public and private schools, for three years, his family believed he had been killed by Indians while Hunt traveled through Kansas, Colorado and rafted down the Rio Grande. Hunt arrived in Globe, Arizona, his home for the rest of his life and his first job was as a waiter in the Pasco Café. This was followed by a series of odd jobs, including a mucker in a mine and work on a cattle ranch, early experience in the grocery department led Hunt to perform most of his households shopping. The store was purchased by a concern, the Old Dominion Commercial Company. Following his election as governor, he sold his company stock, Hunt married Helen Duett Ellison in Holbrook, Arizona, on February 24,1904. The couple had a daughter, named Virginia. Hunts personal interests included cultivation of rare shrubs and trees along with collection of Southwestern Indian art and he was a Freemason and an Oddfellow. Hunts first foray into politics was an unsuccessful 1890 run for county recorder of Gila County and this was followed by successful runs for the Territorial House of Representatives in 1892 and 1894. During his first term as a Representative, Hunt sponsored legislation authorizing a US$5,000 reward for capture of the Apache Kid, after two terms in the lower house Hunt successfully ran for a seat in the upper house, the Council, in 1896. During the 1897 legislative session, he sponsored legislation requiring children between eight and fourteen years of age attend school for a minimum of twelve weeks per year, Hunt was reelected to the Council in 1898 before voluntarily leaving politics till 1904. Upon reentering politics, he was elected to the council in 1904,1906. During the 23rd Arizona Territorial Legislature, Hunt was President of the Council but was unable to secure passage of his bill providing primary elections to nominate political candidates, during the 1907 legislative session he secured passage of a bill outlawing gambling within the territory. During his final session, Hunt once again served as President of the Council. Following passage of Arizonas Enabling Act, an election was called to select delegates to a constitutional convention, Hunt won election as one of five delegates from Gila County
8.
Governor of Arizona
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The Governor of Arizona is the head of the executive branch of Arizonas state government and the commander-in-chief of the states military forces. Twenty-two people have served as governor over 26 distinct terms, one governor, Evan Mecham, was successfully impeached, and one, Fife Symington III, resigned upon being convicted of a felony. The longest-serving governor was Hunt, who was elected seven times, bolin had the shortest tenure, dying less than five months after succeeding as governor. Four governors were born in Arizona, Campbell, Sidney Preston Osborn, Rose Mofford. Arizona has had four governors, the most in the United States. The current Governor is Doug Ducey, who was elected on November 4,2014 and this proposed territory consisted of the part of New Mexico Territory south of 33°40 N. On April 2, they elected a governor, Lewis Owings, the provisional territory was to exist until such time as an official territory was created, but that proposal was rejected by the U. S. Congress at the time. On March 16,1861, soon before the American Civil War broke out, Lewis Owings remained as territorial governor. The Confederacy took ownership of the territory on August 1,1861, when led by Lieutenant Colonel John Baylor won decisive control of the territory. The territory was organized on February 14,1862, on March 20,1862, Baylor issued an order to kill all the adult Apache and take their children into slavery. When Confederate President Jefferson Davis learned of this order, he strongly disapproved and demanded an explanation. Baylor wrote a letter December 29,1862, to justify his decision, by that time, the government of Confederate Arizona was in exile in San Antonio, Texas, as the territory had been effectively lost to Union forces in July 1862, no new governor was appointed. For the period before Arizona Territory was formed, see the list of Governors of New Mexico Territory, Arizona Territory was formed on February 24,1863 from New Mexico Territory, remaining a territory for 49 years. On January 18,1867, the corner of the territory was transferred to the state of Nevada. The state of Arizona was admitted to the Union on February 14,1912, the state constitution of 1912 called for the election of a governor every two years. The term was increased to four years by a 1968 amendment, gubernatorial terms begin on the first Monday in the January following the election. Governors who have served the two term limit can run again after four years out of office. Arizona is one of seven states which does not have a lieutenant governor, instead, in the event of a vacancy in the office of governor, the Secretary of State, if elected, succeeds to the office
9.
Phoenix, Arizona
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Phoenix is the capital and most populous city of the U. S. state of Arizona. Phoenix is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area, also known as the Valley of the Sun, the metropolitan area is the 12th largest by population in the United States, with approximately 4.3 million people as of 2010. Settled in 1867 as a community near the confluence of the Salt and Gila Rivers. Located in the reaches of the Sonoran Desert, Phoenix has a subtropical desert climate. Despite this, its canal system led to a farming community, many of the original crops remaining important parts of the Phoenix economy for decades, such as alfalfa, cotton, citrus. The city averaged a four percent annual growth rate over a 40-year period from the mid-1960s to the mid-2000s. This growth rate slowed during the Great Recession of 2007–09, and has rebounded slowly, Phoenix is the cultural center of the Valley of the Sun, as well as the entire state. For more than 2,000 years, the Hohokam people occupied the land that would become Phoenix, the Hohokam created roughly 135 miles of irrigation canals, making the desert land arable. Paths of these canals would later used for the modern Arizona Canal, Central Arizona Project Canal. The Hohokam also carried out trade with the nearby Anasazi, Mogollon and Sinagua. It is believed that between 1300 and 1450, periods of drought and severe floods led to the Hohokam civilizations abandonment of the area. After the departure of the Hohokam, groups of Akimel Oodham, Tohono Oodham and Maricopa tribes began to use the area, as well as segments of the Yavapai and Apache. The Oodham were offshoots of the Sobaipuri tribe, who in turn were thought to be the descendants of the formerly urbanized Hohokam and their crops included corn, beans, and squash for food, while cotton and tobacco were also cultivated. Mostly a peaceful group, they did together with the Maricopa for their mutual protection against incursions by both the Yuma and Apache tribes. The Tohono Oodham lived in the region as well, but their concentration was to the south. Living in small settlements, the Oodham were seasonal farmers who took advantage of the rains and they also hunted local game such as deer, rabbit, and javalina for meat. When the Mexican–American War ended in 1848, Mexico ceded its northern zone to the United States, the Phoenix area became part of the New Mexico Territory. In 1863 the mining town of Wickenburg was the first to be established in what is now Maricopa County, at the time Maricopa County had not yet been incorporated, the land was within Yavapai County, which included the major town of Prescott to the north of Wickenburg
10.
Apache County, Arizona
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Apache County is located in the northeast corner of the U. S. state of Arizona. As of the 2010 census its population was 71,518, the county seat is St. Johns. Apache County was formed during the Tenth Territorial Legislation in 1879 out of the section of Yavapai County. By 1895, Navajo County and parts of Graham, Greenlee, the county seat was placed in the town of Snowflake, but was moved a year later to St. Johns. From 1880 to 1882, the county seat was temporarily in Springerville before being returned to St. Johns. A history of the area, written in 1896, records the following about Apache County, Apache County was created in 1879 and lies in the northeastern corner of the Territory. Until March,1895, it also embraced what is now Navajo County, Apache County is justly noted for its great natural resources and advantages. It is destined some day in the future to have a large agricultural population. Now, immense herds of cattle and flocks of sheep roam over its broad mesas, the southern part is a fine grazing country, while the northern part is cut up into picturesque gorges and canons by the floods of past centuries. In the late 1880s, the county sheriff was Old West gunfighter legend Commodore Perry Owens, at that time, the county covered more than 21,177 square miles in territory. In 2015, Apache County had the highest rate of death due to vehicles in the United States. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 11,218 square miles. The county is the third-largest county by area in Arizona and the sixth-largest in the United States, Apache County contains parts of the Navajo Indian Reservation, the Fort Apache Indian Reservation, and Petrified Forest National Park. Canyon de Chelly National Monument is entirely within the county, Apache County is one of two U. S. counties to border two counties of the same name, neither of which is in the same state as the county itself. Apache County has the most land designated as Indian reservation of any county in the United States, the county has 19,857.34 km2 of reservation territory, or 68.34 percent of its total area. The population density was 6 people per square mile, there were 31,621 housing units at an average density of 3 per square mile. 4. 49% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,58. 39% reported speaking Navajo at home, while 38. 39% speak English and 2. 71% Spanish. 21. 20% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 3.41 and the average family size was 4.04
11.
Cochise County, Arizona
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Cochise County is a county located in the southeastern corner of the U. S. state of Arizona. The population was 131,346 at the 2010 census, Cochise County comprises the Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county borders southwestern New Mexico and northwestern Sonora in Mexico, Cochise County was created on February 1,1881, out of the eastern portion of Pima County. It took its name from the legendary Chiricahua Apache war chief Cochise, the county seat was Tombstone until 1929 when it moved to Bisbee. K. Later, in 1886, Texas John Slaughter became sheriff, lawman Jeff Milton and lawman/outlaw Burt Alvord both served as deputies under Slaughter. A syndicated television series aired from 1956 to 1958, Sheriff of Cochise starring John Bromfield, was filmed in Bisbee. The Jimmy Stewart movie Broken Arrow and subsequent television show of the same name starring John Lupton, jances Joanna Brady mystery series takes place in Cochise County, with Brady being the sheriff. Beginning in the late 1950s, the community of Miracle Valley was the site of a series of bible colleges and similar religious organizations. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 6,219 square miles. Cochise County is close to the size of the States of Rhode Island, the population density was 19 people per square mile. There were 51,126 housing units at a density of 8 per square mile. 30. 69% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,25. 35% reported speaking Spanish at home, while 1. 31% speak German. 25. 30% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.07. In the county, the population was out with 26. 30% under the age of 18,9. 30% from 18 to 24,26. 00% from 25 to 44,23. 70% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 101.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.20 males, the median income for a household in the county was $32,105, and the median income for a family was $38,005. Males had an income of $30,533 versus $22,252 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,988, about 13. 50% of families and 17. 70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25. 80% of those under age 18 and 10. 40% of those age 65 or over
12.
Coconino County, Arizona
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Coconino County is a county located in the north central part of the U. S. state of Arizona. The population was 134,421 at the 2010 census, the county takes its name from Cohonino, a name applied to the Havasupai. It is the second-largest county by area in the contiguous United States, behind San Bernardino County, California, Coconino County comprises the Flagstaff, AZ Metropolitan Statistical Area. Coconino County contains Grand Canyon National Park, the Havasupai Nation, and parts of the Navajo Nation, Hualapai Nation, and Hopi Nation. It has a relatively large Native American population at nearly 30% of the total population, being mostly Navajo with smaller numbers of Havasupai, Hopi. The county was the setting for George Herrimans early-20th-century Krazy Kat comic strip, after the building of the Atlantic & Pacific Railroad in 1883 the region of northern Yavapai County began experiencing rapid growth. The people of the northern reaches had tired of the rigors of travelling all the way to Prescott for county business and they also believed that they were a significant enough entity that they should have their own county jurisdiction. Therefore, they decided in 1887 to petition for secession from Yavapai and they remained part of Yavapai, however, until 1891 when Coconino County was formed and its seat declared to be Flagstaff. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 18,661 square miles. It is the largest county by area in Arizona and the second-largest county in the United States after San Bernardino County in California. It has more area than each of the following U. S. states, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Rhode Island. The highest natural point in the county, as well as the state, is Humphreys Peak at 12,637 feet or 3,852 metres. The Barringer Meteor Crater is located in Coconino County, the Havasupai Reservation is the only one that lies entirely within the countys borders. As of the 2000 census, there were 116,320 people,40,448 households, the population density was 6 people per square mile. There were 53,443 housing units at a density of 3 per square mile. 10. 94% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,18. 59% reported speaking Navajo at home, while 6. 58% speak Spanish. 22. 10% of all households were made up of individuals and 4. 50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.36. In the county, the population was out with 28. 70% under the age of 18,14. 40% from 18 to 24,29. 20% from 25 to 44,20. 70% from 45 to 64
13.
Gila County, Arizona
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Gila County is a county in the central part of the U. S. state of Arizona. As of the 2010 census its population was 53,597, Gila County comprises the Payson, AZ Micropolitan Statistical Area. Gila County contains parts of Fort Apache Indian Reservation and San Carlos Indian Reservation, the county was formed from parts of Maricopa County and Pinal County on February 8,1881. The boundary was extended eastward to the San Carlos River by public petition in 1889. The original county seat was in the community of Globe City, now Globe. Popular theory says that the word Gila was derived from a Spanish contraction of Hah-quah-sa-eel, in the 1880s, a long range war broke out in Gila County that became the most costly feud in American history, resulting in an almost complete annihilation of the families involved. The Pleasant Valley War matched the cattle-herding Grahams against the sheep-herding Tewksburys, burnham shot many men in the feud, and was himself nearly killed by a bounty hunter. In the 1960s, it was home of Gerald Gault, who was the subject of the 1967 U. S. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 4,795 square miles. The population density was 11 people per square mile, there were 28,189 housing units at an average density of 6 per square mile. 16. 65% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,9. 84% reported speaking Spanish at home, while 6. 29% speak Western Apache. 25. 80% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.99. In the county, the population was out with 25. 10% under the age of 18,6. 40% from 18 to 24,22. 30% from 25 to 44,26. 40% from 45 to 64. The median age was 42 years, for every 100 females there were 96.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.20 males, the median income for a household in the county was $30,917, and the median income for a family was $36,593. Males had an income of $31,579 versus $22,315 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,315, about 12. 60% of families and 17. 40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25. 90% of those under age 18 and 7. 90% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 53,597 people,22,000 households, the population density was 11.3 inhabitants per square mile
14.
Graham County, Arizona
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Graham County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U. S. state of Arizona. As of the 2010 census, the population was 37,220, Graham County composes the Safford, AZ Micropolitan Statistical Area. The county is home to several organizations including Eastern Arizona College and the Mount Graham International Observatory, Graham County is also home to the Arizona Salsa Trail and the annual Salsa Fest. Graham County contains part of the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, joseph Knight Rogers, an early settler in the area, and a member of the Arizona Territorial Legislature, is known as the father of Graham County. He introduced the bill in the territorial legislature creating Graham County, Graham County was created from southern Apache County and eastern Pima County on March 10,1881. Initially, the county seat was located in the city of Safford but was moved to Solomonville in 1883. This change was undone in 1915, returning the county seat to Safford, Graham County is named after the mountain by the same name and was the first Arizonan county to break the tradition of naming counties for Native Americans. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 4,641 square miles. The county has various mountain ranges including Mount Graham, which is the highest mountain in the Pinaleno Mountains. S. Route 70 U. S. Route 191 State Route 266 State Route 366 As of the 2000 census, there were 33,489 people,10,116 households, the population density was 7 people per square mile. There were 11,430 housing units at a density of 2 per square mile. 27. 04% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,16. 38% reported speaking Spanish at home, while 6. 35% speak a Southern Athabaskan language. 20. 90% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.99 and the average family size was 3.47. In the county, the population was out with 30. 10% under the age of 18,12. 00% from 18 to 24,27. 30% from 25 to 44,18. 70% from 45 to 64. The median age was 31 years, for every 100 females there were 112.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.10 males, the median income for a household in the county was $29,668, and the median income for a family was $34,417. Males had an income of $30,524 versus $20,739 for females. The per capita income for the county was $12,139, about 17. 70% of families and 23. 00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30. 20% of those under age 18 and 13. 60% of those age 65 or over
15.
Greenlee County, Arizona
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Greenlee County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U. S. state of Arizona. As of the 2010 census its population was 8,437, the economy of Greenlee County is dominated by the Morenci Mine, the largest copper mining operation in North America, and one of the largest copper mines in the world. As of 2008, the complex, owned by Freeport-McMoRan, had about 4,000 employees. Greenlee County was created in 1909 and named for Mason Greenlee who was a settler in the Clifton area. It was Arizonas 14th county and formed part of Graham County. Clifton has always been the county seat, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,848 square miles, of which 1,843 square miles is land and 5.3 square miles is water. It is the second-smallest county by area in Arizona. S. Route 70 U. S. Route 191 State Route 75 State Route 78 As of the census of 2000, there were 8,547 people,3,117 households, the population density was 5 people per square mile. There were 3,744 housing units at a density of 2 per square mile. 43. 07% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,25. 19% reported speaking Spanish at home. 24. 50% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.26. In the county, the population was out with 31. 70% under the age of 18,7. 50% from 18 to 24,28. 20% from 25 to 44,22. 60% from 45 to 64. The median age was 34 years, for every 100 females there were 109.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.00 males, the median income for a household in the county was $39,384, and the median income for a family was $43,523. Males had an income of $38,952 versus $23,333 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,814, about 8. 00% of families and 9. 90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11. 10% of those under age 18 and 8. 70% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 8,437 people,3,188 households, the population density was 4.6 inhabitants per square mile. There were 4,372 housing units at a density of 2.4 per square mile
16.
Maricopa County, Arizona
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Maricopa County is a county in the south-central part of the U. S. state of Arizona. As of the 2010 census, its population was 3,817,117, making it the states most populous county, and it is more populous than 23 states. The county seat is Phoenix, the capital and sixth-most populous city in the country. Maricopa County is the county of the Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population explosion is evident in a 2007 Forbes study which ranked four of Maricopa Countys municipalities in the top ten fastest-growing cities in the nation and those included Buckeye as the second-fastest-growing city, Surprise and Goodyear as 3rd and 4th, and Avondale as 9th. All four of these cities are in the growing West Valley, Maricopa County was named after the Maricopa Indians. There are five Indian reservations located in the county, the largest are the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community and the Gila River Indian Community. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 9,224 square miles. Maricopa County is also one of the largest counties in the United States by area having an area greater than that of seven states. It is by far Arizonas most populous county, encompassing well over half of the states residents and it is also the largest county in the United States to contain a capital city. The population density was 334 people per square mile, there were 1,250,231 housing units at an average density of 136/sq mi. The racial makeup of the county was 77. 35% White,3. 73% African American,1. 85% Native American,2. 16% Asian,0. 14% Pacific Islander,11. 86% from other races, and 2. 91% from two or more races. 29. 5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,19. 10% reported speaking Spanish at home. 24. 50% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.21. The population was out with 27. 00% under the age of 18,10. 20% from 18 to 24,31. 40% from 25 to 44,19. 80% from 45 to 64. The median age was 33 years, for every 100 females there were 100.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.10 males, the median income for a household in the county was $45,358, and the median income for a family was $51,827. Males had an income of $36,858 versus $28,703 for females
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Mohave County, Arizona
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Mohave County is in the northwestern corner of the U. S. state of Arizona. As of the 2010 census, its population was 200,186, the county seat is Kingman, and the largest city is Lake Havasu City. Mohave County comprises the Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ Metropolitan Statistical Area, Mohave County contains parts of Grand Canyon National Park and Lake Mead National Recreation Area and all of the Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument. The Kaibab, Fort Mojave and Hualapai Indian Reservations also lie within the county, Mohave County was the one of four original Arizona Counties created by the 1st Arizona Territorial Legislature. The county territory was defined as being west of longitude 113°20. Pah-Ute County was created from it in 1865 and was merged back into Mohave County in 1871 when much of its territory was ceded to Nevada in 1866, the countys present boundaries were established in 1881. Mohave County has had five county seats, Mohave City, Hardyville, Cerbat, Mineral Park, and Kingman. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 13,461 square miles. It is the second-largest county by area in Arizona and the fifth-largest in the contiguous United States, the county consists of two sections divided by the Grand Canyon, with no direct land communication between them. The northern section, smaller and less populated, forms the part of the Arizona Strip, bordering Utah. The larger southern section, borders Nevada and California across the Colorado River, the southern section includes Kingman, the county seat, and other cities, as well as part of the Mojave Desert. Their combined land area is 89,567.34 square miles and they include the #1, #2, #5, and #7 largest counties outside of Alaska. Most of these are managed by the Bureau of Land Management, the population density was 12 people per square mile. There were 80,062 housing units at a density of 6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 90. 06% White,0. 54% Black or African American,2. 41% Native American,0. 77% Asian,0. 11% Pacific Islander,4. 00% from other races, and 2. 13% from two or more races. 11. 08% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,24. 10% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the family size was 2.87. In the county, the population was out with 23. 10% under the age of 18,6. 50% from 18 to 24,23. 20% from 25 to 44,26. 70% from 45 to 64
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Navajo County, Arizona
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Navajo County is located in the northern part of the U. S. state of Arizona. As of the 2010 census, its population was 107,449, Navajo County comprises the Show Low, AZ Micropolitan Statistical Area. Navajo County contains parts of the Hopi Indian reservation, the Navajo Nation, Navajo County was split from Apache County on March 21,1895. The first county sheriff was legendary gunman Commodore Perry Owens, who had served as the sheriff of Apache County. It was the location for many of the events played out during the Pleasant Valley War. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 9,960 square miles. Many people think that Arizona is a vast, open desert without vegetation, however, Navajo County offers not only the Monument Valley, but Keams Canyon, part of the Petrified Forest National Park, and the largest stand of Ponderosa Pines in North America. The population density was 10 people per square mile, there were 47,413 housing units at an average density of 5 per square mile. 8. 22% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,24. 77% reported speaking Navajo at home,5. 94% other Southern Athabaskan languages,4. 71% Spanish, and 3. 23% Hopi. 19. 90% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 3.17 and the average family size was 3.68. In the county, the population was out with 35. 40% under the age of 18,8. 80% from 18 to 24,25. 30% from 25 to 44,20. 40% from 45 to 64. The median age was 30 years, for every 100 females there were 98.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.20 males, the median income for a household in the county was $28,569, and the median income for a family was $32,409. Males had an income of $30,509 versus $21,621 for females. The per capita income for the county was $11,609, about 23. 40% of families and 29. 50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36. 60% of those under age 18 and 20. 30% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 107,449 people,35,658 households, the population density was 10.8 inhabitants per square mile. There were 56,938 housing units at a density of 5.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 49. 3% white,43. 4% American Indian,0. 9% black or African American,0. 5% Asian,0. 1% Pacific islander,3. 4% from other races, and 2. 5% from two or more races
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Pima County, Arizona
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Pima County /ˈpiːmə/ is a county in the south central region of the U. S. state of Arizona. As of the 2010 census, the population was 980,263, the county seat is Tucson, where nearly all of the population is centered. The county is named after the Pima Native Americans who are indigenous to this area, Pima County comprises the Tucson, AZ Metropolitan Statistical Area. The vast majority of the county lies in and around the city of Tucson. Tucson, Arizonas second largest city, is a major commercial, other urban areas include the Tucson suburbs of Oro Valley, Marana, Sahuarita, and South Tucson, a large ring of unincorporated urban development, and the growing satellite town Green Valley. The rest of the county is sparsely populated, the largest towns are Sells, the capital of the Tohono Oodham Nation, and Ajo in the countys far western region. Pima County, one of the four counties in Arizona, was created by the 1st Arizona Territorial Legislature with land acquired through the Gadsden Purchase from Mexico in 1853. The original county consisted of all of Arizona Territory east of longitude 113°20, soon thereafter, the counties of Cochise, Graham and Santa Cruz were carved from the original Pima County. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 9,189 square miles. As of the 2000 census, there were 843,746 people,332,350 households, the population density was 92 people per square mile. There were 366,737 housing units at a density of 40 per square mile. 29. 34% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,22. 80% reported speaking Spanish at home. 28. 50% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.06. In the county, the population was out with 24. 60% under the age of 18,10. 90% from 18 to 24,28. 40% from 25 to 44,21. 90% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 95.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.70 males, the median income for a household in the county was $36,758, and the median income for a family was $44,446. Males had an income of $32,156 versus $24,959 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,785, about 10. 50% of families and 14. 70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19. 40% of those under age 18 and 8. 20% of those age 65 or over
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Pinal County, Arizona
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Pinal County is a county in the central part of the U. S. state of Arizona. As of the 2010 census, the population was 375,770, the county was founded in 1875. Pinal County contains parts of the Tohono Oodham Nation, the Gila River Indian Community, Pinal County is included in the Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ Metropolitan Statistical Area. Pinal County was carved out of neighboring Maricopa County and Pima County on February 1,1875 during the Eighth Legislature, Pinal County was the second fastest growing county in the U. S. between 2000 and 2010. In 2010 CNN Money named Pinal County as the 2nd fastest growing county in the USA. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 5,374 square miles. The population density was 34 people per square mile, there were 81,154 housing units at an average density of 15/sq mi. 29. 86% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,21. 86% reported speaking Spanish at home, while 1. 44% speak Oodham and 0. 02% speak Apache. 21. 10% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.09. In the county, the population was out with 25. 10% under the age of 18,8. 70% from 18 to 24,27. 30% from 25 to 44,22. 70% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 114.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.00 males, the median income for a household in the county was $35,856, and the median income for a family was $39,548. Males had an income of $31,544 versus $23,726 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,025, about 12. 10% of families and 16. 90% of the population were below the poverty threshold, including 25. 50% of those under age 18 and 8. 70% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 375,770 people,125,590 households, the population density was 70.0 inhabitants per square mile. There were 159,222 housing units at a density of 29.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 72. 4% white,5. 6% American Indian,4. 6% black or African American,1. 7% Asian,0. 4% Pacific islander,11. 5% from other races, and 3. 8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 28. 5% of the population, in terms of ancestry,16. 9% were German,10. 6% were Irish,9. 5% were English, and 2. 8% were American
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Santa Cruz County, Arizona
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Santa Cruz is a county in southern Arizona. As of the 2015 census, its population is 46,461, the county was established in 1899. It borders between southern Arizona and northwestern Mexicos Sonora state, Santa Cruz County comprises the Nogales, AZ Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Tucson-Nogales, AZ Combined Statistical Area. Santa Cruz County contains many vineyards, Santa Cruz County, formed on March 15,1899, out of what was then Pima County, is named after the Santa Cruz River, which was named in the late 17th century by Father Kino. Santa Cruz means holy cross in Spanish, after that Father Kino built the famous mission which still stands today at the Tumacácori National Historical Park. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,238 square miles. It is the smallest county by area in Arizona, the population density was 31 people per square mile. There were 13,036 housing units at a density of 10 per square mile. 80. 78% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,79. 71% of the population reported speaking Spanish at home, while 19. 51% speak English. 16. 50% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 3.23 and the average family size was 3.66. In the county, the population was out with 33. 60% under the age of 18,8. 20% from 18 to 24,26. 60% from 25 to 44,20. 80% from 45 to 64. The median age was 32 years, for every 100 females there were 91.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.20 males, the median income for a household in the county was $29,710, and the median income for a family was $32,057. Males had an income of $27,972 versus $21,107 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,278, about 21. 40% of families and 24. 50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29. 70% of those under age 18 and 23. 20% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 47,420 people,15,437 households, the population density was 38.3 inhabitants per square mile. There were 18,010 housing units at a density of 14.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 73. 5% white,0. 7% American Indian,0. 5% Asian,0. 4% black or African American,22. 9% from other races, and 2. 0% from two or more races
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Yavapai County, Arizona
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Yavapai County is near the center of the U. S. state of Arizona. As of the 2010 census, its population was 211,073, Yavapai County comprises the Prescott, AZ Metropolitan Statistical Area. Yavapai County was one of the four original Arizona Counties created by the 1st Arizona Territorial Legislature, the county territory was defined as being east of longitude 113°20 and north of the Gila River. Soon thereafter, the counties of Apache, Coconino, Maricopa, Yavapai Countys present boundaries were established in 1891. The county is named after the Yavapai people, who were the inhabitants at the time the United States annexed the area. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 8,128 square miles. It has about 93% of the area of the U. S. state of New Jersey and it is larger than three U. S. States, Rhode Island, Delaware & Connecticut, and the District of Columbia. The countys topography makes a transition from the lower Sonoran Desert to the south to the heights of the Coconino Plateau to the north. The highest point above sea level in Yavapai County is Mount Union at an elevation of 7,979 ft, fourteen of these are integral parts of National Forests listed above, whereas five are managed by the Bureau of Land Management. S. Bureau of Land Management,11. 6% of the countys area Small areas of Federal land are managed by the U. S. Bureau of Indian Affairs and the National Park Service, less than 0. 5% of the countys area. Yavapai-Prescott Tribe 1,413 acres Yavapai-Apache Nation 685 acres About 25% of Yavapai County is owned by the State of Arizona as state trust lands, source, Yavapai County Profile There are numerous flora and fauna species within Yavapai County. For example, a number of plants within the genus Ephedra, Yavapai County is also the location of several groves of the near-threatened California Fan Palm, Washingtonia filifera. Yavapai County is home to Arcosanti, a prototype arcology, developed by Paolo Soleri, and under construction since 1970. Arcosanti is open Monday through Sunday from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. and holds tours from 10 a. m. to 4 p. m. on the hour, Arcosanti is just north of Cordes Junction, Arizona. Out of Africa Wildlife Park is a private zoo, the park moved to the Camp Verde area from the East Valley in 2005. As of the 2000 census, there were 167,517 people,70,171 households, the population density was 21 people per square mile. There were 81,730 housing units at a density of 10 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 91. 89% White,0. 39% Black or African American,1. 60% Native American,0. 51% Asian,0. 08% Pacific Islander,3. 58% from other races, and 1. 95% from two or more races
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Yuma County, Arizona
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Yuma County is a county in the southwestern corner of the U. S. state of Arizona. As of the 2010 census, its population was 195,751, Yuma County comprises the Yuma, AZ Metropolitan Statistical Area. Long settled by Native Americans of indigenous cultures for thousands of years, in the 19th century, it was part of independent Mexico before the Mexican–American War and Gadsden Purchase. Yuma County was one of four original Arizona counties created by the 1st Arizona Territorial Legislature, the county territory was defined as being west of longitude 113°20 and south of the Bill Williams River. Its original boundaries remained the same until 1982, when La Paz County was created from its northern half, the original county seat was the city of La Paz, in 1871 it was moved to Arizona City, later renamed as Yuma in 1873. Because of Yuma Countys location along the U. S. -Mexico border, from October to July 2005, some 124,400 illegal foreign nationals were apprehended in the area, a 46% increase over the previous year. In 2015, however, only 6,000 people were apprehended, the number of illegal immigrants also declined with slumps in the US economy. Agriculture is a $3 billion business annually, employing tens of thousands of workers, during the agricultural season from November to March, some 40,000 Mexican workers cross the border daily to work in United States fields. Leaders in the county are aware that their economy is tied to that of Mexican states on the side of the border. There are automotive plants in Ciudad Juárez, across from El Paso, aerospace plants in Mexicali, southwest of Yuma, on the American side, there is a mix of retail stores, warehouses and trucking companies. The Board of Supervisors is the body of the county. The Board adopts ordinances, establishes programs, levies taxes, appropriates funds, appoints certain officials, in addition, members of the Board represent the County on numerous intergovernmental agencies. In 2016 county voters elected more Democrats to the Board than Republicans, in 2016 the population of the county was 62% Latino, and many of them are Democrats. But Donald Trump won the county by one point in the presidential election. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 5,519 square miles. The lowest point in the state of Arizona is located on the Colorado River in San Luis in Yuma County, Yuma County is in the west, and northwestern regions of the north-south Sonoran Desert that extends through Sonora state Mexico to the border of northern Sinaloa state. West of the county across the Colorado River in southeast California is the Colorado Desert, north of the county, with La Paz County the regions merge into the southeastern Mojave Desert. Notable mountains in Yuma County include the Gila Mountains and the Tule Mountains, the population density was 29 people per square mile
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Jesse Addison Udall
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Jesse Addison Udall was a member of the Udall political family who served as chief justice of the Arizona Supreme Court. Udall was born and raised in Arizona, he was the son of David King Udall and Ida Frances Udall and was named after Jesse Nathaniel Smith and Addison Pratt and he was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He served in the Arizona National Guard and was a veteran of both World War I and World War II and graduated from the University of Arizona Law School in 1924, from 1931-38, he was a member of the Arizona House of Representatives. He later served as a judge of the Arizona Superior Court from Graham County, from 1960-72 he served as a Justice of the Arizona Supreme Court, succeeding his brother Levi Stewart Udall in that position. In 1964 and 1969, he was Chief Justice and he died in Phoenix in 1980. His grandson, Gordon H. Smith was a U. S, Jesse Addison Udall collection at the University of Arizona Biography at the Political Graveyard
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Arizona State Legislature
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The Arizona State Legislature is the state legislature of the U. S. state of Arizona. It is a legislature that consists of a lower house, the House of Representatives, and an upper house. Composed of 90 legislators, the legislature meets in the Capitol Complex in the state capital of Phoenix. Created by the Arizona Constitution upon statehood in 1912, the Arizona State Legislature met biennially until 1950, arizonas electoral districts are different from the majority of U. S. states. Two representatives and one share each of the states 30 electoral districts. Legislators are term limited to eight years in office. Congress formed the New Mexico Territory in 1850 consisting of the land that is now Arizona north of the Gila River, along with what is now New Mexico, parts of Colorado and Nevada. In 1853, the territory expanded under the Gadsden Purchase agreement by nearly 30,000 square miles of south of the Gila River in Arizona. In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Arizona Organic Act creating the Territory of Arizona, in 1864, the First Territorial Legislature convened in Prescott, the territory’s first capital. The capital moved from Prescott to Tucson and back to Prescott before being established in Phoenix in 1889. On June 20,1910, President William Howard Taft signed the Enabling Act, elected Arizona delegates convened in Phoenix at the territorial capitol on October 10,1910 to draft the Arizona Constitution. Although constitutional provisions for prohibition and women’s suffrage were rejected, voters added both within three years of statehood. The new constitution was ratified by voters on February 9,1911, arizonas First Legislature had 19 state senators and 35 state representatives and convened March 18,1912. The Legislature met on a basis until 1950, when a constitutional amendment provided for annual sessions. The Arizona Legislature is responsible for making laws in the state of Arizona, the first step in the legislative process is bill drafting. First, legislators must submit a bill request to the council staff. The legislative council staff delivers a bill draft to the sponsor or requester and if directed, bills undergo three or four readings during the legislative process. After the first reading, they are assigned to committee, committees can amend measures or hold legislation and prevent it from advancing
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1st Arizona Territorial Legislature
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The 1st Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which began on September 26,1864, in Prescott, Arizona, and ran for forty-three days. The session was responsible for enacting Arizonas first legal code, creation of the territorys first four counties, Arizona Territory was created by the Arizona Organic Act and officially established on December 29,1863, in a ceremony performed at Navajo Springs, Arizona. Following completion of a census, Governor John N. Goodwin proclaimed an election to select delegates to the first territorial legislature would occur on July 18,1864. As no counties had established within Arizona Territory at the time of the election. Session was opened by Territorial Secretary Richard C. McCormick on September 26,1864, all the members of the legislature had not arrived on that date, so the legislature sent out for beverages and tobacco and adjourned to wait for the remaining members to arrive. The session resumed on September 29 will all members present, the territorys Attorney General, Coles Bashford, was selected president of the Council while Tucson attorney W. Claude Jones was selected speaker of the House. The session met in a recently constructed two-room log cabin, the building was simply furnished with tables and chairs made from roughly hewn boards. The chinking had not been completed, allowing the cold air into the building. The assembly members themselves primarily wore frontier dress and many weapons used for protection from Indian attack during their journey to. Governor Goodwin gave his address to the assembly on September 30,1864, the Governor did not believe that New Mexicos laws were well suited for Arizonas needs and called for a commissioner to be appointed to draft a new legal code. Goodwin also called for the repeal of acts allowing for peonage. Another key issue was dealing with hostile Indians within the territory, to address this need, Goodwin called for U. S. Army troops and the creation of a volunteer militia. Other issues covered were creation of mail routes and establishment of an education system. The legislatures first act was passed on October 1,1864, anticipating the need for a new legal code, Judge William T. Howell and Coles Bashford had begun researching a tentative code in April 1864. By the time the legislature met, a 400-page code has been written, based primarily upon the laws of New York, after Goodwin was authorized to choose a commissioner, he chose Howell. Debate over the legal code consumed the majority of the sessions efforts. After some modifications, the code was enacted and named the Howell Code after its principal architect, the Howell Code underwent a major revision, supervised by Bashford, in 1871 and was replaced in 1877 by the Hoyt Code. In addition to establishing a new code, the session also performed several actions to administratively organize the new territory
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2nd Arizona Territorial Legislature
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The 2nd Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which began on December 6,1865, in Prescott, Arizona, and ran for 24 days. The sessions chief accomplishments were creation of Pah-Ute County and establishing Arizona as a community property jurisdiction, at the time the 2nd legislature met, Arizona Territory was only two years old and still in the process of setting up basic government services. The American Civil War was still in progress and military troops to deal with Apache, establishment of the Colorado River Indian Reservation had however greatly reduced conflict with the Mohave. Mail service was a concern in the territory. The previous year had seen the establishment of the territorys first mail route, connecting Prescott with Los Angeles, California, Santa Fe, New Mexico Territory, and Tubac. To this route McCormick wished to see restoration of the old Butterfield route along with a new route serving settlers along the Colorado River, the period since the previous legislative session had also seen the territorys second elections held in September 1865. During the elections, Governor John N. Goodwin had defeated Charles D. Poston for Delegate to the U. S. House of Representatives, as a result, Secretary McCormick was left as Acting Governor. The twenty-four-day-long session of the Second Legislative Assembly convened in Prescott on December 6,1865, the Governors address was given by Acting Governor Richard C. McCormick on December 11,1865. During the address he called for legislation, as opposed to special enactments. Other issues involved creation of jails to hold law breakers and encouraging agriculture by settlers, the first act of the session was the creation of Pah-Ute County from the northern part of Mohave County. Upon the recommendation of Acting Governor McCormick, the county was created to serve the needs of a growing population of farmers along the Colorado River. The county seat was located in Callville but later moved to the town of St. Thomas. On May 5,1866, the United States Congress gave most of the new territory to the State of Nevada. Two changes to laws made. First established Arizona as a community property jurisdiction, the second prohibited marriage of a white person to an Indian, Mongoloid, Mulatto, or Negro. This anti-miscegenation law remained on the books for nearly 100 years before being eliminated in the midst of a case involving a person of Japanese descent marrying a white person. Other legislation passed included two new taxes, the first an ad valorem tax of US$0.25 per $100 of assessed value passed, the second a poll tax of $3.00 for everyone except Indians, Mongoloids, and Negros. Three member Board of Supervisors were authorized to oversee affairs in each county, finally, December 4,1865, was set for the opening date of the first session of the territorial supreme court
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3rd Arizona Territorial Legislature
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The 3rd Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which ran from October 3 through November 6,1866 in Prescott, Arizona. At the time of the meeting, Arizona Territory was still in the process of being settled. Roads, postal service, and other forms of infrastructure were limited and Apache posed a threat to the lives, Governor John Noble Goodwin had been elected Arizona Territorys Delegate and resigned as governor on April 10,1866. In his place, Territorial Secretary Richard C. McCormick had been appointed the second governor. The other big political concern was that most of Pah-Ute County, the legislative session began in Prescott on October 3,1866. Governor Richard C. McCormick gave his address to the legislature on October 8,1866, during his speech he noted that a census earlier that year had shown a territorial population of 5,526. There had been an abundant harvest produced by farmers and McCormich believed Arizonas mineral wealth had the potential to promote significant development. The Governor was ashamed to say that to this day there is not a stage coach running in Arizona and he also denounced the reliability of postal service, claiming faithless mail contractors had abandoned their duties due to the threat posed by Apache. To support the establishment of law and order, McCormick recommended construction of jails and he suggested the Apache threat could be dealt with by either moving them to reservations or by an influx of settlers crowding them out. Financially, Governor McCormick reported that territorial debt had reached US$21,051.40, as a result he recommended that new expenditures be limited. The session oversaw a reorganization of the territorial government, the position of Territorial Attorney general was dissolved while a district attorney office was created. The Board of Territorial Auditor was likewise eliminated with a new Territorial Auditor position taking its place, to deal with transportation needs, the legislature authorized counties to levy a special road tax to construct highways. Yavapai County received authorization to levy a property tax of $0.50 per $100 assessed value to pay for the construction of a jail. Memoranda sent to the U. S. Congress included requests for additional mail routes, acts, Resolutions and Memorials Adopted by the Third Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Arizona. David Leighton, Street Smarts, Typo leaves man with misspelled legacy, Arizona Daily Star, April 13,2015
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4th Arizona Territorial Legislature
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The 4th Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which ran from September 4,1867, till October 7,1867, in Prescott, Arizona. Among the sessions accomplishments were establishment of the territorys first permanent capital, at the time of the session, Arizona Territory was still in the early stages of its development. Transportation was limited but showing signs of improvement, the prior year saw the incorporation of the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad with plans to build tracks along a route near the 35th parallel north. The route would not be completed across the territory until 1883. To house lawbreakers, a jail was in the process of construction in Yavapai county, the Indian Wars continued, with the Hualapai, Paiute, and a portion of the Yavapai nations being on the warpath. In an attempt to placate the hostile natives, the U. S. Congress had funded the purchase of equipment for Indians that agreed to live peacefully. Beyond this, concern over most of Pah-Ute Countys land area having been transferred to Nevada continued, the thirty-four-day-long session of the Fourth Legislative Assembly convened in Prescott on September 4,1867. Governor Richard C. McCormick gave his address to the session on September 9,1867 and his highest concern at the time was the continuation of the Indian Wars, noting The birds of the air are scarcely more erratic in their movements than the Indians of Arizona. To meet this threat he asked for troops, claiming the current level of less than one soldier per 100 square miles insufficient for the need. As for a solution, McCormick favored the use of Indian reservation over a policy of extermination. In other news, farming activities in the Gila River valley had produced cotton, tobacco, fruits, nuts, Territorial debt had grown to US$28,375 with the bonds authorized by the 1st Arizona Territorial Legislature coming due within a year. In the area of law enforcement, the territory was unable to fill the offices of U. S, marshal and United States Attorney due to the positions low compensation. Finally, McCormick asked for the United States to purchase land from Mexico in order to secure the sea ports at Guaymas. The session saw a new law prohibiting the indiscriminate discharge of a firearm on public roads, the act included provisions that also made it a crime to use a deadly weapon during a fight. Dealing with the organization of the government, the territorys first school district was created within Pima County. More controversial was the selection of Tucson as the territorys first permanent capital, no evidence of actual wrongdoing was ever produced and the capital was officially moved on November 1,1867. A proposal to create Maricopa County was defeated in the House by an 8–6 vote, in other matters, the session memorialized the U. S. Congress asking for the US$3 per diem each member of the legislature received be increase to US$6. They also requested the U. S. Armys District of Arizona be removed from the Department of the Pacific, acts, Resolutions and Memorials Adopted by the Fourth Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Arizona
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5th Arizona Territorial Legislature
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The 5th Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which met from November 10,1868, to December 16,1868, in Tucson, Arizona Territory. It was the last of the legislative sessions. In the year preceding the session there had been important political changes in the territory. On November 1,1867 the capital had been moved from Prescott to Tucson. Additionally, Governor Richard C. McCormick had won election to become Arizonas Territorial Delegate to Congress and was preparing to depart to Washington D. C and his replacement had not yet been named. Hostilities with the peoples continued with A. M. Erwin. There was some progress however with most of the Hualapai having been forced onto a reservation, there had also been several infrastructure improvements. During previous year, a line to Santa Fe had been completed with discussions being held of building a second line to California. Railroads were also in the process of being constructed across the territory, the thirty-seven-day-long session of the Fourth Legislative Assembly convened in Tucson on November 10,1868. The session met in a building on Main street belonging to Hiram S. Stevens. Local stories from after the session claimed some meetings occurred in the Congress Street Saloon, during the session, the House of Representatives had difficulties maintaining a quorum. Only one of the six representatives from Yavapai county attended the session while the delegations from both Mohave and Yuma counties were both a representative short, additionally, Councilman Octavius D. Gass and Representative Andrew S. Gibbons were late to arrive at the session. Governor Richard C. McCormick gave his address to the session on November 16,1868 and he began by thanking the voters for his recent election as Territorial Delegate. The governor then noted that taxable property had increased within Arizona due to a growing economy, social life was also prospering even though McCormick saw the need for additional volunteers to fight Apache. The session accomplishments included a number of memorials to the U. S. Congress similar to those sent by previous sessions, included was a request for additional military assistance in dealing with the Indian Wars. To this was added requests for two new routes, one connecting Tucson with Wickenburg via Camp Grant, Florence, Phoenix. The second was between Prescott with Albuquerque, New Mexico Territory, a new request was made for establishing a court to resolve the validity of Spanish and Mexican land grants within the territory. Reverting a change made by the 3rd legislature, the session recreated the office of Territorial Attorney General, added to this was the new position of county surveyor
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6th Arizona Territorial Legislature
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The 6th Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which met in Tucson beginning on January 11,1871, and ran until February 14,1871. Arizona Territorys sixth legislative session was scheduled to occur in 1869. In the intervening time, the U. S. Congress had passed legislation calling for the legislature to meet two years instead of the previous annual meetings. During the mean time, Anson P. K, safford had become Governor of Arizona Territory. The Indian Wars continued throughout Arizona Territory, due to limited political influence and lack of telegraph and railroad service within the territory, there was little understanding of the situation on the East Coast of the United States. Unsatisfied with the situation, the government was exerting what influence they possessed to have General George Stoneman replaced as commander of the District of Arizona. Compounding the Indian issue was the presence of Mexican outlaws raiding the territory, a lingering issue was the status of Pah-Ute County. Created by the 1865 session of the legislature, most of its land had been transferred to Nevada by the U. S. Congress on May 5,1866, as a result the county was only a fragment of its original size and its status remained uncertain. The session convened on January 11,1871, to address problems cause by Apache depredations during the preceding two years and special committee was formed to address the issue. The Governors address was given on January 14,1871, while there was a catholic school for girls in Tucson and a private school in Prescott, there were no public schools for the nearly 2,000 children residing in Arizona Territory. To address the Governors call to establish an education system. The act also authorized the Board of Supervisors in each county to assess property tax of up to US$0.50 per $100 assessed value to finance operation of public schools. A proposal to create a Pinal County made in response to appeals by residents of Pima, a bill introduced later in the session succeeded in creating Maricopa County from a portion of southern Yavapai County west of the San Carlos River. The act which created Pah-Ute County was repealed returning the remains of the county to Mohave County, additionally, the seat of Yuma County was moved from La Paz to Arizona City. Neither Mohave nor Pah-Ute counties were represented at this session, acts, Resolutions and Memorials Adopted by the Sixth Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Arizona
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7th Arizona Territorial Legislature
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The 7th Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which convened on January 6,1873, in Tucson, Arizona Territory. The Indian Wars continued within Arizona Territory, dissatisfied with the situation, Governor Anson P. K. Safford and Territorial Delegate to Congress Richard C. McCormick had successfully lobbied for a replacement to General George Stoneman as commander of the District of Arizona, replacing the general was Colonel George Crook who was bringing new methodologies to the fight. Following the establishment of a school system by the previous legislature. On a more level, Governor Safford and his wife Jenny had experienced a public falling out of their marriage following the death of their infant son. The situation had escalated to the point where she had printed and distributed pamphlets claiming he had committed marital infidelity, the legislative session began on January 6,1873. Governor Safford gave his address to the session on January 17,1873, in regards to the Apache situation, he stated The hostility of Indians strikes at the life of our people, retards immigration, prevents development of our resources, and impoverishes the masses. In more mundane matters, Safford reported on the need to revise the legal code, build a prison. He also declared Arizonas great diamond mine a hoax, among the session’s accomplishments was the transfer of a section of Pima County to Maricopa County. They also changed the name of Arizona City to Yuma, the legislature authorized Governor Safford to print an immigration pamphlet promoting the territory. They also passed a resolution commended General Crook, finally the legislature passed granted a divorce to the Governor and his wife. Acts, Resolutions and Memorials Adopte by the Seventh Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Arizona
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8th Arizona Territorial Legislature
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The 8th Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which convened from January 4,1875, till February 12,1875, in Tucson, Arizona Territory. The Indian Wars continued throughout the territory, but General George Crooks strategies were showing clear progress, beginning in April 1873, a majority of the territorys Apache population began converging on Camp Verde to seek amnesty. In exchange for food and protection, the surrendering Apache agreed to live on reservations, a secondary benefit of the military action was that the General had ordered his scouts to map the trails they discovered. As a result, many previously unknown to American settlers were mapped. While the 5th Arizona Territorial Legislature had approved building a prison near Phoenix, as a result the territory still lacked a place to incarcerate convicted criminals. The legislative session began on January 4,1875, Safford gave his address to the session on January 6,1875. As with his previous addresses, he gave an overview of the Indian Wars within the territory, economically, Safford reported the territorys mines were doing well but that low prices for grain was constraining the prosperity of area farmers. As there was a persistent shortage of qualified candidates willing to work for the offered salary, finally he requested creation of voter registration laws and creation of a territorial insane asylum to remove the need of contracting with California to handle the territorys mentally ill. Representative Granville H. Oury, representing Maricopa County, seeking to rectify an oversight by a previous session and he was outmaneuvered by José M. Redondo, a prominent cattle rancher and irrigation pioneer, and Representative R. B. Kelly, both from Yuma County, who managed to amend the bill to replace Phoenix with Yuma, thus the resulting US$25,000 bond authorization resulted in the territorial prison being built in Yuma. Acts, Resolutions and Memorials Adopte by the Eighth Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Arizona
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9th Arizona Territorial Legislature
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The 9th Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which convened on January 1,1877, in Tucson, Arizona Territory. It passed 79 statutes and adopted the Hoyt Code as the basis of the Territorys legal system, the Indian wars were winding down, with most of Arizona Territorys native population pacified. Following 1877 there would be periodic outbreaks of violence but no widespread conflict, the reduction in violence was allowing the economy to boom. Prospectors had found and were developing a number of mineral deposits, reduced Indian problems had allowed importation of sheep and cattle. Additionally, the Southern Pacific Railroad was being built across the territory, a May 1876 census showed at least 1,450 of the territorys 2,955 children were literate. Territorial school districts were also preparing to issue bonds to replace makeshift classrooms with larger structures better able to handle the growing demand, the territorial legal code was in need of updating. To address this need, Territorial Secretary John Philo Hoyt had been commissioned to create a code based upon the Howell Code which was adopted by the 1st Arizona Territorial Legislature. The legislative session began on January 1,1877, as with all his previous addresses, Governor Safford discussed the current situation involving the Indian Wars. To this he added his concerns about outlaws, the governor was able to report that the Yuma Territorial Prison was partially open, holding eight prisoners with a capacity for thirty. The ninth session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature was unusually productive, the revised legal code drafted by the Territorial Secretary, dubbed the Hoyt Code, was adopted as the basis of the territorys legal system. Despite the previous sessions permanently fixing the territorial capital in Tucson, other organizational changes included adjusting the northern boundary of Maricopa County, moving the seat of Mohave County to Mineral Park, and incorporating the City of Tucson. In a related activity, residents of Grant County, New Mexico Territory had voiced a desire to have their county annexed to the Arizona Territory, the legislature responded by petitioning the U. S. Congress to make the requested transfer. They also authorized formation of another force to fight in the Apache Wars. Other actions included imposition of a US$50 fine on anyone who allowed their hogs to run wild within a town, finally, the session granted divorces to ten couples. Acts, Resolutions and Memorials Adopted by the Ninth Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Arizona
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10th Arizona Territorial Legislature
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The 10th Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which convened on January 6,1879, in Prescott, Arizona Territory. The session was the last to be composed of nine Council members, there had been several significant changes to the territorial government since the prior session. First, the capital was moved from Tucson to Prescott. Safford had declined a third term to seek his fortune in a number of mining projects, Territorial Secretary John Philo Hoyt had been named to replace Safford on April 5,1877. Frémont used his connections to displace Hoyt and secured the governorship for himself. While Hoyt was well respected, most Arizonans were thrilled to have such a well known personality as their Governor, the Southern Pacific Railroad had reached Yuma on September 30,1877, providing the first rail service to the territory. They were at the time of the building eastward across Arizona. The legislative session began on January 6,1879, Governor Frémont gave his address to the session on January 9,1879. In it he spoke to the potential for development within the territory, to this end he recommended spending US$500,000 on construction of new roads. He also proposed using the Colorado River to irrigate the territorys deserts, Governor Frémonts proposals were largely ignored by the session. They instead dealt primarily with issues affecting only individuals or limited sections of the territory, to this end an Omnibus Divorce Bill was passed which ending the marriages of fifteen couples. Separate bills granted divorces to two other couples, other legislation granted name changes to eight people. An Arizona Lottery, patterned after the Louisiana Lottery, was created, proceeds of this lottery were supposed to offset the expense of constructing schools and other public buildings. A US$300 per quarter fee for gambling licenses, half payable to the county the other to the territory, was also imposed. Less serious was a bill presented by Representative J. D. Rumberg of Maricopa County, who had apparently lost a wager on a slow pony. Representative John T. Alsap, also from Maricopa County, then obtained further revisions that limited the prohibition to just Rumbergs ranch, while the bill was passed by the session the resulting law was never published. From the eastern section of Yavapai County was created Apache County, acts, Resolutions, and Memorials of the Tenth Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Arizona
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11th Arizona Territorial Legislature
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The 11th Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which convened on January 3,1881, in Prescott, Arizona Territory. Since assuming office, Governor John C, Frémont had been mostly absent from his duties. The governor had left for Washington D. C. on February 28,1879, the trip was expected to take five or six weeks to complete. Frémont had not returned to the territory till August 1879, the governor had again left the territory on March 18,1880. He did not return to Prescott till January 5,1881, while he was away, the non-partisan alliance that had controlled Arizona Territory during the McCormick and Safford administrations broke down. This allowed the territorys Democratic Party to organize an opposition to the Republican governor. The other signification change was the size of the legislature, which had expanded to twelve members in the upper house. The legislative session began on January 3,1881, Governor Frémonts address to the session focused upon economic development. To this end he called for Federal aid in building water systems within the territory. To encourage additional capital investment in the mines, the governor requested removal of all taxes levied on mining products. On other issues, Frémont recommended divorces be handled by the courts, the regular address was followed on February 21,1881, by a special message. In the message, Governor Frémont called for a 100-man force to be organized to fight banditry along, the most important, and contentious action of the session was the creation of three new counties, Cochise, Gila, Graham. Of these, Cochise County generated the most objections, creation of the county was opposed by interests in Tucson due to the diversion of tax income from their city to the new county seat. Tombstone had however managed to elect a disproportional level of representation to the session and was able to overcome the objections, the towns of Phoenix, Prescott, and Tombstone were incorporated. A variety of issues were additionally authorized to fund construction of courthouses, jails. Acting upon the recommendation, the territorial bullion tax on mined products was repealed. Frémonts request for a force to fight crime along border with Mexico was refused. The previous sessions creation of a lottery was repealed
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12th Arizona Territorial Legislature
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The 12th Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which convened on January 8,1883, in Prescott, Arizona Territory. Lawlessness was rampant across sections of the territory, while the Apache Wars were largely over, cowboy troubles in and around Cochise county had resulted in the Gunfight at the O. K. Corral and Arizona War. Added to this issue was banditry along the Mexican border and sporadic Indian uprisings, as a result of these and other issues, President Chester A. Arthur had accepted John C. Frémonts resignation and appointed Frederick Augustus Tritle as Governor of Arizona Territory, to deal with the outlaws, Tritle had requested permission to create a group of Arizona Rangers, modeled upon the Texas Rangers, but been denied authorization from the U. S. Congress. The other big issue of the day was progress on bringing the railroads to the territory, the Southern Pacific Railroad had completed building across the southern portion of Arizona while the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad was preparing to build across the northern part of the territory. The session began on January 8,1883, Governor Frederick Augustus Tritle gave his address to the session at 7,30 pm on January 9,1883. Much of the speech emphasized Arizonas future opportunities and sought ways to develop the natural resources. The governor highlighted the facts that mine production was increasing, transportation infrastructure improving, to insure adequate future supplies, Tritle asked for restrictions on the export of timber from Arizona. To ensure needed access to water, the governor requested federal funds for construction of artesian wells and he also asked for a survey of mineral springs in the hope that some would be found to have therapeutic value. In other matters, Tritle called for recreation of the attorney general position, revision of voter registration laws. Finally, to end the need of sending mentally ill residents to California, upon the advice of Governor Tritle, the session issued a memorandum thanking President Chester A. Arthur for his assistance dealing with lawless elements in and around Cochise County. They then prohibited carrying a weapon within town boundaries in Apache. The position of attorney general was recreated during the session. Meanwhile, Maricopa and Graham counties were given permission to build a jail. Dealing with the organization, the section of Yavapai County north of the Colorado River. The territorial capital, Prescott, was incorporated, the seat of Graham County was moved to Solomonville. In other matters, the territorial bullion tax was repealed, before session all members of the legislature who had expressed an opinion had opposed its repeal. Despite this the legislation made it through both houses without trouble, the prize was claimed by Felix G. Hardwick of Tempe who had produced 3,390 pounds of cotton on his 5-acre plot
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13th Arizona Territorial Legislature
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The 13th Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which began on January 12,1885, in Prescott, Arizona. The sessions accomplishments included allocation of a variety of territorial institution including a university, normal school, prison, during the Apache Wars, the primary source of cash for many Arizona towns was a nearby military post. By the mid-1880s, subjugation of the Apache was largely completed, the territorial capital and an anticipated insane asylum were considered the best source of revenues. A potential university and normal school were considered of importance with a common line of the day being. The other big concern facing the territory was an influx of Mormon settlers, in response to the influx, five of the settlers were tried and convicted of polygamy. Political response to the convictions was largely favorable, with the New York Times writing, if there are among the new settlers other men who have violated the law they should be promptly prosecuted and sent to the penitentiary. In no other way can the growth of polygamy in Arizona be checked, prior to the legislative session, a group of Tucson businessmen had raised a US$5,000 slush fund to lobby for the return of the territorial capital. The delegation from Pima County was delayed by flooding on the Salt River, forcing a detour through Los Angeles and Sacramento, California, among the first problems befalling the session was dealing with travel expenses. The detours taken to avoid flooding on the Salt River resulted in the members from Pima County requesting US$330 each for the 2,200 miles journey to, to this was added a claim by F. K. Ainsworth, a resident of Prescott, for US$225 in travel expenses under the belief he could claim a journey from any point in the territory he represented, the legislatures compensated for this limitation by consuming a greater volume of stationery and other supplies than had been budgeted for. During the session there were instances of legislative violence, both within the halls of government and the nearby saloons. One such instance occurred when Council member W. C, Bridwell struck a lobbyist for the Arizona Copper Company, resulting in a bloody nose and broken glasses for the lobbyist. The lobbyist responded by challenging Bridwell to a duel, the two men were separated by mutual friends before they could decide upon appropriate weapons. Another instance involved a feud fought with bullwhip and a monkey wrench, frederick Augustus Tritle spoke to the legislature on January 24,1885. Other concerns raised included legislation to prevent Texas cattle fever from spreading to Arizona, Tritle also used the occasion to call for the United States to purchase land from Mexico for the purpose of providing Arizona with direct access to the Pacific ocean. The key pieces of legislation passed by the session involved allocation of various institutions throughout the territory, the 13th allowed the territorial capital remain in Prescott and Yuma kept the territorial prison. Funds for a new levee near Yuma were approved along with US$12,000 for a new bridge over the Gila River near Florence, an allocation of US$5,000 was made for a normal school in Tempe. We have deserved these names and we know it, here is an opportunity to wash away our sins
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14th Arizona Territorial Legislature
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The 14th Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which convened in Prescott, Arizona. The session ran from January 10,1887, till March 10,1887, the frugal nature of the session, compared to its predecessor, combined with an outbreak of mumps and measles resulted in the session being dubbed the Measly Fourteenth. Following the excesses of the 13th Arizona Territorial Legislature, the U. S. Congress had passed the Harrison Act which placed limits on territorial debt, the act further prevented territorial legislatures from granting divorces or name changes. After the election of President Grover Cleveland, C. Meyer Zulick had replaced Frederick Augustus Tritle as Governor of Arizona Territory, as for events in the Apache Wars, Geronimo had surrendered on September 9,1886, ending large scale hostilities within the territory. The session began on January 10,1887, and ran for 60 days, during the session a number of the legislatures members contracted mumps and measles. Of the 102 bills passed by the session, two were vetoed, Governor Zulick sent his address to the legislature in writing on the first day of the session. He then went on to thank General Nelson A. Miles and his officers for their role in the capture, with the hostile Apaches dealt with, the governor believed it was finally possible to fully develop Arizonas wealth. Zulick went on to discuss the effects of the Harrison Act, dealing with territorial taxation, the governor noted various counties performed property assessments in different ways and he believed most assessments were undervalued. He then requested county courts be consolidated into district courts as a cost-saving method, as for education he reported that a site had been secured on which to build the territorial university. A further 12 new school districts had been created since the last session, in other matters, Zulick asked for a revision to be performed to the territorial legal code. He also wanted the repeal of a law passed during previous session that disenfranchised Mormons, compared to the previous sessions outlay of US$294,323.00, the fourteenth legislature only authorized a meager US$44,216.73. The first cut expense came with the elimination of the position of Commissioner of Immigration. The session was not all cost cutting as it authorized US$1 and this was in addition to their regular pay received from the Federal government. In other actions, the created a territorial lottery. A proposal to create Frisco county, with its seat in Flagstaff was defeated, the proposal would be revived in a later session with the creation of Coconino County. The best remembered action of the session was creation of a Live Stock Sanitary Board and this was accompanied by a set of laws requiring cattle ranchers to register their brands with their county recorder along with others intended to protect against the spread of infectious diseases. Based upon the authority granted by the new laws, Governor Zulick imposed a 90-day quarantine upon imported Mexican cattle. This caused a diplomatic incident as the Mexican government protested the new requirement
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15th Arizona Territorial Legislature
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The session is known as the Hold-over Legislature due to the Republican majority extending the length of the session past the sixty-day limit prescribed by law. During his term of office, Governor C. Meyer Zulick had experienced steadily declining popularity among the territorys population and he remained secure in his position, however, because he had the Presidents confidence. This situation changed however when Benjamin Harrison defeated Grover Cleveland during the election of 1888. As the session began it was expected that the incoming President would replace the governor with a member of his own party, within the territory, speculation was rife over a possible move of the territorial capital. Phoenix, which was completing construction of a new city hall enough to hold the territorial legislature, was viewed as the primary challenger to Prescotts hold on the seat of government. Governor Zulick delivered his speech to the legislature in writing on the sessions first day, in the address he called for Arizona to be granted statehood, calling territorial status the reason for the American Revolution. Control of federal school lands needed to fund education within the territory were a benefit of statehood. The need for reapportionment of the legislature and John Wesley Powells survey of the Grand Canyon were also covered, the first issue dealt with by the session was a proposal for the relocation of the territorial capitol. A bill to relocate the capital was passed by the House by a vote of 14 to 10. 1, signed by Governor Zulick on January 26, moved the capitol to Phoenix on February 4,1889. Following passage of the bill to relocate the capitol to Phoenix, territorial Secretary James A. Bayard was in turn left with the job of packing and transporting the sessions furniture, records, and supplies. By the time the furniture arrived at the new capitol it had been damaged to the point of uselessness on the roads between Prescott and Phoenix. The session was saved by donations from the new capitols citizens, after the journey, the legislature reconvened on February 7,1889. Once the legislature got back to business they passed a number of measures, one that attracted significant notice was a law, based upon a similar New Mexico statute, that established the death penalty for train robbery. Other laws prohibited carrying of deadly weapons inside town limits and requiring literacy in English for territorial office holders, other actions taken by the session were transferring the northern section of the Tonto Basin from Yavapai to Gila county and establishing a $3000 subsidy encouraging development of artesian wells. As the session drew towards its conclusion, the issue of official appointments came to the forefront, President Harrison was set to be inaugurated on March 4,1889, and by federal law the assembly was limited to a length of 60 days. The Republican majority was eager to have a governor from their own party appointed so that he could appoint his own slate of nominations of territorial officials. It was feared unless the new Governor arrived swiftly there would be no choice
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16th Arizona Territorial Legislature
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The 16th Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which convened in Phoenix, Arizona. The session began on January 19,1891, john N. Irwin had been appointed to replace Lewis Wolfley as Territorial Governor on October 4,1890. His arrival in the territory had been delayed, first by Irwin taking a brief leave to settle some personal affairs. Then, as soon as his affairs were in order, a member of his family contracted scarlet fever and it was not until January 21,1891, that the new Governor arrived in the territory and was sworn into office. A statehood movement had developed to correct what was perceived as the second-class status experienced by territorial citizens, politically, the 1890 elections had resulted in the Democrats winning control of both houses of the legislature. The legislative session began on January 19,1891, the address was given by Acting Governor Oakes Murphy on January 20,1891. He expressed concern for the financial condition, calling for the legislature to either reduce expenses of government or increase revenue. Murphy then expressed outrage over how common tax avoidance practices were used by territorial residents, the Arizona Territorial Supreme court had determined the laws were valid and Murphy planned to publish them unless they were repealed by this session. In other matters, he asked for a bridge to be built near Phoenix over the Salt River, creation of laws and restrictions on gambling. To against the Apache outlaws, Murphy asked for a police force be organized. I recommend such legislation as will put a stop to these abuses. Acting upon Acting Governor Murphys recommendation, the decided to publish the lost laws from the previous session. They then eliminated the territorial offices of Commissioner of Immigration and Territorial Geologist, a new tax of US$30/month was imposed upon gambling tables. Additionally gambling tables were banned from any ground, fiesta, park. The ban had the benefit of effectively fulfilling Murphys request to halt the territorys fiestas. The legislature also established the secret ballot during territorial elections, the session granted an exemption from jury duty to volunteer firefighters and a means of promoting better fire protection. Cattle rustling was discouraged by requiring any cattle sold to be branded, in transportation issues, the maximum railroad fare for railroads was set at $0. 06/mile Meanwhile, new railroads were granted a twenty-year tax exemption. To aid in law enforcement, a force was authorized
42.
17th Arizona Territorial Legislature
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The 17th Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which convened in Phoenix, Arizona. The session ran from February 13 through April 13,1893, expectations were that Arizona would soon achieve statehood. L. C. Hughes would be sworn in as territorial Governor on April 12,1893, of concern to the citizens of Arizona Territory was the Apache Kid, who had become one of the most feared outlaws of the prior decade. The legislature convened on February 13,1893, during the 60-day session,91 laws were passed. Governor Murphy gave the address on February 14,1893 and it began by the Acting Governor expressing his desire for this session to be the last before statehood. A large portion of the speech was dedicated to territorial finances, with the rapid increases to the territorys population, governmental services needed additional revenue to support educational and law enforcement needs. Murphy criticized practices that allowed assessed property values to remain the same over multiple years despite steady gains in real values and he was further concerned that the majority of the funds for territorial schools was derived from taxes paid by the gambling industry. The Acting Governor additionally wanted to replace existing the territory-wide regulations on gambling with local option laws and he desired to create a licensing requirement to practice medicine. Additionally, Murphy asked for a law prohibiting Indians from carrying weapons off the reservation, in a move intended to prepare the territory for statehood, the session created a board to regulate the dentistry profession. A reform school was authorized to be built in Flagstaff, similarly, a territorial library was authorized for Phoenix while a museum for preservation of the territorys archeological artifacts was authorized to be built at the University of Arizona. The session passed a law requiring canal owners to remove sunflowers and cockleburs from the banks of the canals. Finally, in an introduced by George W. P. Hunt. As the session was in progress, efforts were underway to have a new governor appointed, Territorial Delegate Marcus A. Smith wrote to President Cleveland on March 22,1893, saying The Legislature in now in session and will adjourn on the 13th of April. The newly installed Governor must have several days in which to make a selection of the important officers under his appointment. That the Governor of the Territory, by and with the consent on the Council, when the Legislature adjourns there will be no Council to act in harmony with him. Hughes, was not nominated until April 4,1893, and, unlike the 15th Arizona Territorial Legislature, the legislature did not extend the session to allow the new Governor a chance to make officer nominations of his own choosing. At Large Council member chosen by entire territory
43.
18th Arizona Territorial Legislature
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The 18th Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which met in Phoenix, Arizona. The session ran from January 21 to March 21,1895, due to the abrupt manner in which the session ended, none of the usual appropriations bills were passed by the legislature. Governor L. C. Hughes had taken shortly before the close of the previous session. The governors time in office since then had been tumultuous with many influential members of his own political party calling for his removal from office. A separate issue dealt with the location of the territorial prison, while sentiment at the time called for the prison to be moved from Yuma to Prescott, House Speaker J. H. Carpenter, representing Yuma County, Arizona, wanted the prison to remain in his district. The session began on January 21,1895, and ran for sixty days, Governor L. C. Hughes gave his address to a joint meeting of both houses of the legislature on January 22,1895. His primary areas of concern were education, economic development, taxation, in the area of education, the governor announced the territory had over 11,000 students enrolled in public schools being taught by 288 teachers. The University of Arizona in turn had expanded its services while simultaneously reducing its operating expenses by US$6,500. Hughes wished to reduce the high property tax rates. Toward this end he recommended all property be listed at its value on the tax rolls. To aid economic development, the governor asked for creation of new positions. Hughes wished to reduce operating costs and asked for all extraneous government positions to be terminated. Explicitly exempted from this recommendation were the boards of regents for the University of Arizona, dealing with moral concerns, Hughes asked for the sale of lottery tickets to be prohibited and provisions be made for the care of the blind, deaf, and mentally impaired individuals. He also sought to compel territorial officers to enforce territorial laws dealing the sale of alcohol to minors, notorious cohabitation, and houses of prostitution. This was on top of concerns about Sabbath laws, promoting rest on Sundays and passed by the 16th Arizona Territorial Legislature, the custom is demoralizing and debauching to all concerned, and prevents many good citizens from becoming candidates for important elective offices. The legislature acted upon a number of the Governors requests, a new election law banned any candidate for office from asking another person to consume beer or other spirituous liquors. Counties were instructed to provide food, lodging, and medical assistance to indigent persons, the most influential act came when the legislature combined the functions of oversight boards for territorial prison, reform school and insane asylum into a Board of Territorial Control. A county level office of commissioner of agriculture was also created, in other actions, the Governor was authorized to grant paroles
