The 1198 papal election was convoked after the death of Pope Celestine III; it ended with the election of Cardinal Lotario dei Conti di Segni, who took the name Innocent III. In this election for the first time the new pope was elected per scrutinium.

The 1216 papal election, was convoked after the death of Pope Innocent III in Perugia, elected Cardinal Cencio Camerario, who took the name of Honorius III.