1.
Michigan National Guard
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The Michigan National Guard consists of the Michigan Army National Guard and the Michigan Air National Guard. Kellogg Airport Alpena Combat Readiness Training Center, Alpena Air National Guard Base The Michigan National Guard has two State Partnership Program relationships, one is with the Latvian National Armed Forces. The program began in October 2009, the other is with the Armed Forces of Liberia
2.
Field artillery
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Field artillery is a category of mobile artillery used to support armies in the field. These weapons are specialized for mobility, tactical proficiency, long range, short range and this was in contrast to horse artillery, whose emphasis on speed while supporting cavalry units necessitated lighter guns and crews riding on horseback. Modern artillery has also advanced to rapidly deployable wheeled and tracked vehicles, thus, their role was limited to such functions as breaking sieges. Following the beginning of the era, the first field artillery came into being as metallurgy allowed thinner cannon barrels to withstand the explosive forces without bursting. However, there was still a risk of the constant changes of the battlefield conspiring to leave behind slow-moving artillery units - either on the advance, or more dangerously. Artillery units were particularly vulnerable to assault by light cavalry, which were used in this role. Only with a number of inventions, did the concept of field artillery really take off. One of the earliest documented uses of field artillery is found in the 14th-century Ming Dynasty treatise Huolongjing, the text describes a Chinese cannon called a thousand ball thunder cannon, manufactured of bronze and fastened with wheels. The book also describes another mobile form of artillery called a barbarian attacking cannon consisting of an attached to a two-wheel carriage. Before World War I, field artillery batteries fired directly at visible targets measured in distances of meters. Today, modern field batteries measure targets in kilometers and miles, most field artillery situations require indirect fire due to weather, terrain, night-time conditions, distance or other obstacles. Modern field artillery has three sections, All batteries have a Fire Support Man, Fire Direction Control. The FOs are forward with the infantry where they can see the targets and they call the FDC on the radio and transmit a request for fire in the format of CFF. The FDC calculates the CFF and send a deflection and elevation to the gun line, the gun line cranks the specified elevation and deflection on the howitzers, punch the artillery shell followed by the bag. Depending on the CFF, the gunline will fire the round when they are ready or when the FO calls and tells them to fire, the FO spots the round and sends a correction back to the FDC and the process starts all over again until its done. The batteries are many kilometres behind the FLOT and they plan a location where they can be Fire Capability for some certain amount of time and do multiple fire missions before needing to displace. In normal operations the FOs locate targets and transmits the CFF to the FDCs and they can also calculate defensive fire tasks. Because the calculations have already been done, the fire can be called down very quickly when it is needed, the advance party consists of the battery commander, his driver, first sergeant, gunnery sergeant, FDC guide, gun guides, and communications representatives
3.
Michigan Army National Guard
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The Michigan Army National Guard is the Army component of the Michigan National Guard and a reserve component of the United States Army. During the Cold War only the 156th Signal Battalion was federalized on 1 October 1961 at its stations in response to the Cuban Missile Crisis. This marked the Michigan National Guards last call to duty for service outside the state for almost 30 years. From February 2002, the 46th Engineer Group of the Michigan Army National Guard, had reorganized and redesignated as the Engineer Brigade. Prior to the reorganization, the 46th Engineer Group consisted of a Group Headquarters, elements of the 107th Engineer Battalion and the 507th Engineer Battalions served with the 20th Engineer Brigade in Iraq from November 2004 to October 2005. These units also continued to serve in the US war in Afghanistan contributing combat engineer companies capable of Route Clearance patrols, in 2009 several soldiers of the 1431st Engineer Company were severely injured while in combat in east Afghanistan near the Khost-Gardez Pass. In 2012 a soldier of the 107th Engineer Battalion died in combat, the units that make up the Spartan Brigade have individual unit history dating back to the American Civil War. The 63rd Brigade designation itself dates from the 63rd Brigade of the 32nd Infantry Division, first formed during World War I. org, Michigan Army National Guard Michigan Army National Guard
4.
United States Army
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
5.
Lansing, Michigan
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Lansing /ˈlænsɪŋ/ is the capital of the US state of Michigan. It is mostly in Ingham County, although portions of the city extend west into Eaton County, the 2010 Census placed the citys population at 114,297, making it the fifth largest city in Michigan. The population of its Metropolitan Statistical Area was 464,036, while the even larger Combined Statistical Area population and it was named the new state capital of Michigan in 1847, ten years after Michigan became a state. The Lansing Metropolitan Area, colloquially referred to as Mid-Michigan, is an important center for educational, cultural, governmental, commercial, Lansing is the only U. S. state capital that is not also a county seat. The seat of government of Ingham County is Mason, but the county maintains some offices in Lansing, the first recorded person of European descent to spot the area that is now Lansing was explorer Hugh Heward in 1790 while canoeing the Grand River. The land that was to become Lansing was surveyed as Township 4 North Range 2 West in February 1827 in what was then dense forest and it was the last of the countys townships to be surveyed, and the land was not offered for sale until October 1830. There would be no roads to this area for decades to come, in the winter of 1835 and early 1836, two brothers from New York plotted the area now known as REO Town just south of downtown Lansing and named it Biddle City. This land lay in a floodplain and was underwater during the majority of the year, nevertheless, the brothers went back to Lansing, New York, to sell plots for the town that did not exist. They told the New Yorkers this new city had an area of 65 blocks, a church,16 men bought plots in the nonexistent city, and upon reaching the area later that year found they had been scammed. Many in the group too disappointed to stay ended up settling around what is now metropolitan Lansing and those who stayed quickly renamed the area Lansing Township in honor of their home village in New York. The United States had recaptured the city in 1813, but these led to the dire need to have the center of government relocate from hostile British territory. There was also concern with Detroits strong influence over Michigan politics, during the multi-day session to determine a new location for the state capital, many cities, including Ann Arbor, Marshall, and Jackson, lobbied hard to win this designation. Unable to publicly reach a consensus because of constant political wrangling, when announced, many present openly laughed that such an insignificant settlement was now Michigans capital. Two months later, Governor William L. Greenly signed into law the act of the legislature making Lansing Township the state capital, with the announcement that Lansing Township had been made the capital, the small village quickly transformed into the seat of state government. The legislature gave the settlement the name of the Town of Michigan. In April 1848, the legislature gave the settlement the name of Lansing. It was home to the first house built in Lansing in 1843 by pioneer James Seymour, Lower Town began to develop in 1847 with the completion of the Franklin Avenue covered bridge over the Grand River. Upper Village/Town, where present-day REO Town stands at the confluence of the Grand River and it began to take off in 1847 when the Main Street Bridge was constructed over the Grand River
6.
Port Huron, Michigan
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Port Huron is a city in the U. S. state of Michigan and the county seat of St. Clair County. The population was 30,184 at the 2010 census, the city is adjacent to Port Huron Township but is administratively autonomous. Located along the St. Clair River, it is connected to Point Edward, the city lies at the southern end of Lake Huron and is the easternmost point on land in Michigan. Port Huron is home to two mills, Mueller Brass, and many businesses related to tourism and the automotive industry. The city features a downtown area, boardwalk, marina, museum, lighthouse. In 1814 following the War of 1812, the United States established Fort Gratiot at the base of Lake Huron, French colonists had a temporary trading post and fort at this site in the 17th century, but this developed as the first settled European-American population in the area. Until 1836, an Ojibwa reservation occupied land in part of the area of Port Huron. They were removed to west of the Mississippi in Wisconsin and Minnesota, in 1857, Port Huron became incorporated. Its population grew rapidly after the 1850s due a high rate of immigration attracted by the successful shipbuilding, in 1859 the city had a total of 4.031 residents,1855 were of foreign birth or their children. By 1870, Port Hurons population exceeded that of surrounding villages, in 1871, the State Supreme Court designated Port Huron as the county seat. On October 8,1871, the city, as well as places north in Sanilac and Huron counties, a series of other fires leveled Holland and Manistee, Michigan, as well as Peshtigo, Wisconsin and Chicago on the same day. The Thumb Fire that occurred a decade later, also engulfed Port Huron, in 1895 the village of Fort Gratiot, in the vicinity of the former Fort Gratiot, was annexed by the city of Port Huron. The following historic sites have been recognized by the State of Michigan through its historic marker program, the fort was built in 1686 by the French explorer Duluth. This fort was the second European settlement in lower Michigan and this post guarded the upper end of the St. Clair River, the vital waterway joining Lake Erie and Lake Huron. Intended by the French to bar English traders from the upper lakes, in 1688 the French abandoned this fort. The site was incorporated into Fort Gratiot in 1814, a park has been established at the former site of the fort. The Fort Gratiot Lighthouse was built in 1829 to replace a tower destroyed by a storm, in the 1860s workers extended the tower to its present height of 84 feet. The light, automated in 1933, continues to guide shipping on Lake Huron into the narrow and it was the first lighthouse established in the State of Michigan
7.
Alma, Michigan
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Alma is the largest city in Gratiot County in the U. S. state of Michigan. The population was 9,383 at the 2010 census and it was incorporated as the Village of Alma in 1872 and became a city in 1905. Almas claims to include the annual Highland Festival which brings members of Scottish clans and interested onlookers together for a weekend of Highland dancing, bagpipes, kilts. The Highland Festival is held each year over Memorial Day weekend, Alma College, a small liberal-arts institution of approximately 1,300 students, is located in town and focuses on multidisciplinary learning in a residential setting. Alma is the birthplace of both the world-renowned modernist architect Ralph Rapson and writer/composer/lyricist Dan Goggin. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 6.09 square miles. Alma was founded in 1853 by Ralph Ely, in 1953 Alma became the first place that high-octane gas,96 octane, was produced. As of the census of 2010, there were 9,383 people,3,468 households, the population density was 1,582.3 inhabitants per square mile. There were 3,784 housing units at a density of 638.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 92. 8% White,0. 9% African American,0. 6% Native American,0. 8% Asian,2. 8% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 8. 1% of the population. 34. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 14. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.92. The median age in the city was 30.8 years. 21. 4% of residents were under the age of 18,21. 3% were between the ages of 18 and 24,21. 1% were from 25 to 44,20. 7% were from 45 to 64, and 15. 6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46. 9% male and 53. 1% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 9,275 people,3,220 households, and 2,022 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,729.7 per square mile, there were 3,476 housing units at an average density of 648.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 93. 75% White,0. 53% African American,0. 52% Native American,0. 75% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,2. 57% from other races, and 1. 88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6. 21% of the population,30. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the family size was 2.98
8.
Albion, Michigan
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Albion is a city in Calhoun County in the south central region of the Lower Peninsula of the U. S. state of Michigan. The population was 8,616 at the 2010 census and is part of the Battle Creek Metropolitan Statistical Area, the Festival of the Forks has been held annually since 1967 to celebrate Albions ethnic heritage. The presence of major manufacturers since the 19th century has given Albion the reputation of a factory town. This has changed with the closure of several manufacturers, and Albions culture is changing to that of a town with a strong interest in technology. Albion College is a liberal arts college with a student population of about 1,750. Albion is a city with Noisy-le-Roi, France. The first European-American settler, Tenney Peabody, arrived in 1833 along with his brother-in-law Charles Blanchard, in 1835, the Albion Company, a land development company formed by Jesse Crowell, platted a village and Peabodys wife was asked to name the settlement. She considered the name Peabodyville, but Albion was selected instead, Crowell became the first postmaster in 1838. Albion incorporated as a village in 1855 and as a city in 1885, the first classes were held in Albion in 1843. The forks of the Kalamazoo River provided power for mills, a railroad line arrived in 1852, fostering the development of other industries. In 1973 Albion was named an All-America City by the National Civic League and it celebrated winning the award on May 15,1974 when the Governor of Michigan, William Milliken, and many dignitaries came to town. However, in 1975 the closure of a major factory cut the celebration short, key to the City Honor Bestowed,1964, Aunt Jemima visited Albion on January 25. 1960s, Ann Landers was presented with a key upon her visit to Starr Commonwealth for Boys, Albion has a Council-Manager form of government. City residents elect a Mayor and City Council members from six districts, the council in turn selects a City Manager to handle day-to-day affairs of the city. The mayor presides over and is a member of the council. Council members are elected to terms, staggered every two years. A mayor is elected every two years, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.51 square miles, of which 4.41 square miles is land and 0.10 square miles is water. Albion is positioned 42.24 degrees north of the equator and 84.75 degrees west of the prime meridian, amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides daily service to Albion, operating its Wolverine both directions between Chicago, Illinois and Pontiac, Michigan via Detroit
