1.
National Register of Historic Places
–
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States federal governments official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. The passage of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966 established the National Register, of the more than one million properties on the National Register,80,000 are listed individually. The remainder are contributing resources within historic districts, each year approximately 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or by individual listings. For most of its history the National Register has been administered by the National Park Service and its goals are to help property owners and interest groups, such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation, coordinate, identify, and protect historic sites in the United States. While National Register listings are mostly symbolic, their recognition of significance provides some financial incentive to owners of listed properties, protection of the property is not guaranteed. During the nomination process, the property is evaluated in terms of the four criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, the application of those criteria has been the subject of criticism by academics of history and preservation, as well as the public and politicians. Occasionally, historic sites outside the proper, but associated with the United States are also listed. Properties can be nominated in a variety of forms, including individual properties, historic districts, the Register categorizes general listings into one of five types of properties, district, site, structure, building, or object. National Register Historic Districts are defined geographical areas consisting of contributing and non-contributing properties, some properties are added automatically to the National Register when they become administered by the National Park Service. These include National Historic Landmarks, National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, National Military Parks/Battlefields, National Memorials, on October 15,1966, the Historic Preservation Act created the National Register of Historic Places and the corresponding State Historic Preservation Offices. Initially, the National Register consisted of the National Historic Landmarks designated before the Registers creation, approval of the act, which was amended in 1980 and 1992, represented the first time the United States had a broad-based historic preservation policy. To administer the newly created National Register of Historic Places, the National Park Service of the U. S. Department of the Interior, hartzog, Jr. established an administrative division named the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation. Hartzog charged OAHP with creating the National Register program mandated by the 1966 law, ernest Connally was the Offices first director. Within OAHP new divisions were created to deal with the National Register, the first official Keeper of the Register was William J. Murtagh, an architectural historian. During the Registers earliest years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, organization was lax and SHPOs were small, understaffed, and underfunded. A few years later in 1979, the NPS history programs affiliated with both the U. S. National Parks system and the National Register were categorized formally into two Assistant Directorates. Established were the Assistant Directorate for Archeology and Historic Preservation and the Assistant Directorate for Park Historic Preservation, from 1978 until 1981, the main agency for the National Register was the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service of the United States Department of the Interior. In February 1983, the two assistant directorates were merged to promote efficiency and recognize the interdependency of their programs, jerry L. Rogers was selected to direct this newly merged associate directorate
2.
Jacksonville, Florida
–
Jacksonville is a seaport city and the seat of Duval County, Florida, United States. With an estimated 868,031 residents as of 2015, Jacksonville is the most populous city in both the state of Florida and the southeastern United States. It is estimated to be the 12th most populous city in the United States and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Jacksonville metropolitan area has a population of 1,603,497 and is the 34th largest in the United States and fourth largest in the state of Florida. The city is situated on the banks of the St. Johns River, in the First Coast region of North Florida, prior to European settlement, the Jacksonville area was inhabited by Native American people known as the Timucua. In 1564, the French established the colony of Fort Caroline at the mouth of the St. Johns River. In 1822, a year after the United States gained Florida from Spain, Jacksonville is the cultural, commercial and financial center of North Florida. A major military and civilian deep-water port, the citys riverine location supports two United States Navy bases and the Port of Jacksonville, Floridas third largest seaport. The two US Navy bases, Blount Island Command and the nearby Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Jacksonville is also home to several colleges and universities, including University of North Florida, Jacksonville University and Florida State College at Jacksonville. The area of the city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years. In the 16th century, the beginning of the era, the region was inhabited by the Mocama. At the time of contact with Europeans, all Mocama villages in present-day Jacksonville were part of the powerful chiefdom known as the Saturiwa, centered around the mouth of the St. Johns River. One early map shows a village called Ossachite at the site of what is now downtown Jacksonville, French Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault charted the St. Johns River in 1562 calling it the River of May because he discovered it in May. Ribault erected a column near present-day Jacksonville claiming the newly discovered land for France. In 1564, René Goulaine de Laudonnière established the first European settlement, Fort Caroline, philip II of Spain ordered Pedro Menéndez de Avilés to protect the interest of Spain by attacking the French presence at Fort Caroline. On September 20,1565, a Spanish force from the nearby Spanish settlement of St. Augustine attacked Fort Caroline, the Spanish renamed the fort San Mateo, and following the ejection of the French, St. Augustines position as the most important settlement in Florida was solidified. The location of Fort Caroline is subject to debate but a reconstruction of the fort was established on the St. Johns River in 1964. Spain ceded Florida to the British in 1763 after the French and Indian War, the British introduced the cultivation of sugar cane, indigo and fruits as well the export of lumber
3.
Florida
–
Florida /ˈflɒrᵻdə/ is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U. S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States, the Miami metropolitan area is Floridas most populous urban area. The city of Tallahassee is the state capital, much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south, the American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park. It was a location of the Seminole Wars against the Native Americans. Today, Florida is distinctive for its large Cuban expatriate community and high population growth, the states economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for amusement parks, orange crops, the Kennedy Space Center, Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for golf, tennis, auto racing, by the 16th century, the earliest time for which there is a historical record, major Native American groups included the Apalachee, the Timucua, the Ais, the Tocobaga, the Calusa and the Tequesta. Florida was the first part of the continental United States to be visited and settled by Europeans, the earliest known European explorers came with the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León. Ponce de León spotted and landed on the peninsula on April 2,1513 and he named the region La Florida. The story that he was searching for the Fountain of Youth is a myth, in May 1539, Conquistador Hernando de Soto skirted the coast of Florida, searching for a deep harbor to land. He described seeing a wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile, some reaching as high as 70 feet. Very soon, many smokes appeared along the whole coast, billowing against the sky, the Spanish introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more to Florida. Both the Spanish and French established settlements in Florida, with varying degrees of success, in 1559, Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano established a settlement at present-day Pensacola, making it the first attempted settlement in Florida, but it was abandoned by 1561. Spain maintained tenuous control over the region by converting the tribes to Christianity. The area of Spanish Florida diminished with the establishment of English settlements to the north, the English attacked St. Augustine, burning the city and its cathedral to the ground several times. Florida attracted numerous Africans and African-Americans from adjacent British colonies who sought freedom from slavery, in 1738, Governor Manuel de Montiano established Fort Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose near St
4.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
5.
Geographic coordinate system
–
A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
6.
Francis Palmer Smith
–
Francis Palmer Smith was an architect active in Atlanta and elsewhere in the Southeastern United States. He was the director of the Georgia Tech College of Architecture from 1909-1922, after working in Cincinnati, Ohio and then Columbus, Georgia, Smith was hired as professor of Georgia Techs new architecture school in 1908. He transferred the curriculum of the University of Pennsylvania which emphasized Beaux-Arts architecture and he met Robert Smith Pringle and formed a partnership with him in 1922, Pringle and Smith. W. Orr Building Standardized bottling plants for Coca-Cola And other buildings in Miami, Jacksonville, craig Francis Palmer Smith, New Georgia Encyclopedia
7.
Chicago school (architecture)
–
Chicagos architecture is famous throughout the world and one style is referred to as the Chicago School. The style is known as Commercial style. In the history of architecture, the Chicago School was a school of architects active in Chicago at the turn of the 20th century, a Second Chicago School later emerged in the 1940s and 1970s which pioneered new building technologies and structural systems such as the tube-frame structure. Contemporary publications used the phrase Commercial Style to describe the innovative tall buildings of the era rather than proposing any sort of unified school, sometimes elements of neoclassical architecture are used in Chicago School skyscrapers. Many Chicago School skyscrapers contain the three parts of a classical column, the Chicago window originated in this school. It is a window consisting of a large fixed center panel flanked by two smaller double-hung sash windows. The arrangement of windows on the facade typically creates a grid pattern, the Chicago window combined the functions of light-gathering and natural ventilation, a single central pane was usually fixed, while the two surrounding panes were operable. These windows were often deployed in bays, known as oriel windows, frank Lloyd Wright started in the firm of Adler and Sullivan but created his own Prairie Style of architecture. The Home Insurance Building, which some regarded as the first skyscraper in the world, was built in Chicago in 1885 and was demolished in 1931 and its first and purest expression was the 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments and their technological achievements. This was supported and enlarged in the 1960s due to the ideas of structural engineer Fazlur Khan and he introduced a new structural system of framed tubes in skyscraper design and construction. Closely spaced interconnected exterior columns form the tube, horizontal loads, for example wind, are supported by the structure as a whole. About half the surface is available for windows. Framed tubes allow fewer interior columns, and so create more floor space. Where larger openings like garage doors are required, the frame must be interrupted. The first building to apply the tube-frame construction was the DeWitt-Chestnut Apartment Building which Khan designed and was completed in Chicago by 1963. Today, there are different styles of architecture all throughout the city, such as the Chicago School, neo-classical, art deco, modern, architecture of Chicago Chicago Landmarks Early Commercial architecture Chicago Seven Palazzo style architecture Condit, Carl W. The Chicago school of architecture, a history of commercial and public building in the Chicago area, 1875-1925
8.
Stephen Andrew Lynch
–
Stephen Andrew Lynch, known more commonly as S. A. Lynch, was an early motion picture industry pioneer. Lynch grew up in Asheville, North Carolina, the son of Stephen Scott Lynch, a Civil War veteran wounded in the Battle of Gettysburg, Lynch was raised in his familys Asheville grocery business. Lynch stood out in his youth as a football and baseball star, Lynch was married twice, first to Flora Camilla Posey, who obtained a divorce from Lynch in 1924, and later to Julia Dodd Adair, an Atlanta socialite, whom he married in 1925. In 1909, Lynch, fresh off of a baseball season with the local Asheville team, bought a stake in. From 1909 through the early nineteen teens, Lynch continued to acquire movie theaters at a prodigious rate. By the mid nineteen teens, Lynch had enough clout as an owner to obtain a 25-year exclusive right to distribute Paramount motion pictures in 11 southern states from W. W. Hodkinson, founder of the fledgling Paramount Pictures organization, through the remainder of the nineteen teens, Lynch continued acquiring theaters and distributing Paramount product throughout the South. Triangle had, in a short span of time, become arguably the preeminent movie studio. Triangles strength lay with its three directors, D. W. Griffith, Thomas Ince and Mack Sennett. Triangle films also featured the actors of the day, including Douglas Fairbanks, William S. Hart. The Aitkens spun off the side of Triangle in an effort to raise additional capital. In the process, the Aitkens brought in Hodkinson, who brought in Lynch, Lynch maintained a relatively low profile in his dealings with Paramount. Triangle Film Corporation began to fall apart in 1917 amidst financial scandals involving the Aitkins, Lynch, who by that time had had a falling out with Hodkinson and a third owner, Pawley, bought out both in order to obtain sole control of Triangle Distributing. Almost from the beginning of the picture industry, W. W. The public clamored for Mary Pickfords films, and theater owners felt compelled to obtain them, First National quickly amassed a sufficient number of theaters under its umbrella to threaten the continued preeminence of Paramount. In order to prevent First National from pushing it out of the market, Paramount embarked upon a massive effort to obtain theaters to rival, if not crush, First National. The period of aggressive acquisition and competition between Paramount and First National has been dubbed by some as the Battle for the Theaters. Rather than starting from scratch to amass theaters, Paramount turned to, among others, the purpose of Southern Enterprises was to take over Lynchs exclusive distribution franchise and to acquire theaters in order to repel the First National challenge
9.
Downtown Jacksonville
–
Downtown Jacksonville is the historic core and central business district of Jacksonville, Florida USA. It comprises the earliest area of the city to be developed and is located in its center along the narrowing point of the St. Johns River. The area features offices for major corporations such as CSX Corporation, Fidelity National Financial, EverBank, Bank of America, Prudential Financial, Wells Fargo, AT&T, histories of the city report that there was once an Indian village at the site called Ossachite. White settlement in the area began during Floridas British period, when the East Florida government built the Kings Road to connect St. Augustine with the British colonies to the north. A ferry and tavern were built, and when Spanish rule resumed in Florida, the settlement that became Jacksonville largely formed from two land grants issued in 1816, one to Maria Taylor, née Suarez, and one to Juan LeMaestre. Hart eventually convinced his neighbors to join him in donating land for the venture, the settlement was named Jacksonville after Andrew Jackson, who had become popular among many Floridians for his actions in the First Seminole War. The town grew in fits and starts, it saw disruption during the Second Seminole War, during the American Civil War, Jacksonville was home to many Union sympathizers, and was occupied for most of the war by Union troops who took the city four separate times. The war devastated Jacksonville and caused half the population to flee. On May 3,1901, downtown Jacksonville was ravaged by a fire started at a fiber factory. Known as the Great Fire of 1901, it was one of the worst disasters in Florida history, in just eight hours, it destroyed the business district and left approximately 10,000 residents homeless. Architect Henry John Klutho was a figure in the reconstruction of the city. Multiple definitions of Downtown Jacksonville are in common use, often, the name Downtown is used exclusively for the historical core. This is bounded roughly by State Street to the north, Hogans Creek to the east, the St. Johns River to the south, and this definition is used, for example, by the Jacksonville Historic Preservation Commission and their book, Jacksonvilles Architectural Heritage. However, the City of Jacksonville and other use a wider definition that includes not only the Downtown Core. In this definition, the boundaries are State Street to the north, the St. Johns River to the east, under the broader definition, Downtown Jacksonville is divided into several districts or neighborhood. In addition to the historical Downtown Core, the most commonly used districts are, the Southbank, also known as the Northbank, is Jacksonvilles traditional city center and what most people associate with Downtown and Jacksonville in general. The Downtown Core is sometimes divided into additional, smaller districts. Downtown Vision, Inc. refers to the blocks to north of Church Street, the City of Jacksonvilles Downtown Master Plan further restricts the Central Civic Core to south of Church Street and east of Main Street, separating the rest of the area into other districts
10.
Film
–
A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession, the process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. The word cinema, short for cinematography, is used to refer to the industry of films. Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a photochemical process, the adoption of CGI-based special effects led to the use of digital intermediates. Most contemporary films are now fully digital through the process of production, distribution. Films recorded in a form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack. It runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it and is not projected, Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them, Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating—or indoctrinating—citizens. The visual basis of film gives it a power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles to translate the dialog into the language of the viewer, some have criticized the film industrys glorification of violence and its potentially negative treatment of women. The individual images that make up a film are called frames, the perception of motion is due to a psychological effect called phi phenomenon. The name film originates from the fact that film has historically been the medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for a motion picture, including picture, picture show, moving picture, photoplay. The most common term in the United States is movie, while in Europe film is preferred. Terms for the field, in general, include the big screen, the screen, the movies, and cinema. In early years, the sheet was sometimes used instead of screen. Preceding film in origin by thousands of years, early plays and dances had elements common to film, scripts, sets, costumes, production, direction, actors, audiences, storyboards, much terminology later used in film theory and criticism apply, such as mise en scène. Owing to the lack of any technology for doing so, the moving images, the magic lantern, probably created by Christiaan Huygens in the 1650s, could be used to project animation, which was achieved by various types of mechanical slides
11.
Barnett National Bank Building
–
Barnett National Bank Building is a skyscraper in the downtown area of Jacksonville, Florida, at the southwest corner of Adams and Laura streets. The building was erected in 1926, and was Jacksonvilles tallest building at the time and it was designed by architecture firm Mowbray & Uffinger for Barnett Bank. It remained Jacksonvilles tallest building until the construction of the now known as the Aetna Building in 1954. By the 1990s it had fallen to disrepair, but plans to restore it along with three buildings known as the Laura Street Trio have been proposed. On May 22,2015 Stache Investments Corp. filed a complaint to foreclose on the Barnett Tower Downtown, claiming it is owed almost $3.77 million as of December 5,2014
12.
11 East Forsyth
–
11 East Forsyth, formerly known as the Lynch Building and the American Heritage Life Building, is a historic structure in Jacksonville, Florida. Originally developed by Stephen Andrew Lynch, as its current name suggests, on December 23,2003, it was added to the U. S. National Register of Historic Places. Vestcor invested more than $24 million to restore the exterior and transform the former offices into loft apartments. The 17-story,153,000 sq ft building originally contained offices and was opened by entrepreneur. It was designed by architects Pringle & Smith in 1926 in the Chicago School style and it was constructed with limestone, marble and a facade of brick, the top of the structure contained a capital of terra-cotta. When it opened in 1926, it was Jacksonvilles second tallest building, the building was renovated in 1962 and renamed the American Heritage Life Building when it was utilized as home office of the American Heritage Life Insurance Company. When the company built a new headquarters and left the downtown during the late 1980s, Jacksonville developer Vestcor began a historic preservation of the building in 2002 after obtaining a $17.8 million,1. 5% interest, 20-year loan from the city of Jacksonville. The company restored many architectural features including polychromatic terra-cotta panels, decorative ceilings, elevators, HVAC, electrical, plumbing and other infrastructure was modernized and a six-story parking garage was constructed adjacent to the building. The second floor was converted into a community club room, a fitness center. Modern amenities were added while respecting the historic integrity of the structure, the building was renamed to 11 East Forsyth and 127 apartments were opened in 2003 after $24 million and a year of construction. A Starbucks coffee bistro opened, but subsequently closed, leaving no tenants in the 4,500 sq ft of commercial space. In late December 2009, Vestcor requested a modification to their loan terms, the company asked for three years of interest-only payments plus low interest loans to potential tenants for the empty commercial space at 11 East. Three months later, the city approved the plan for principal deferral, architecture of Jacksonville Duval County listings at National Register of Historic Places Downtown Jacksonville - Development
13.
Polychrome
–
Polychrome is the practice of decorating architectural elements, sculpture, etc. in a variety of colors. The term is used to refer to certain styles of architecture, some very early polychrome pottery has been excavated on Minoan Crete such as at the Bronze Age site of Phaistos. In ancient Greece sculptures were painted in strong colors, the paint was frequently limited to parts depicting clothing, hair, and so on, with the skin left in the natural color of the stone. But it could cover sculptures in their totality, the painting of Greek sculpture should not merely be seen as an enhancement of their sculpted form but has the characteristics of a distinct style of art. On high-quality bronzes like the Riace bronzes, an early example of polychrome decoration was found in the Parthenon atop the Acropolis of Athens. By the time European antiquarianism took off in the 18th century, however, however, some classicists such as Jacques Ignace Hittorff noticed traces of paint on classical architecture and this slowly came to be accepted. An example of classical Greek architectural polychrome may be seen in the full size replica of the Parthenon exhibited in Nashville, Tennessee, throughout medieval Europe religious sculptures in wood and other media were often brightly painted or colored, as were the interiors of church buildings. The exteriors of churches were painted as well, but little has survived, exposure to the elements and changing tastes and religious approval over time acted against their preservation. With the arrival of European porcelain in the 18th century, brightly colored pottery figurines with a range of colors became very popular. Polychrome brickwork is a style of brickwork which emerged in the 1860s. It was often used to replicate the effect of quoining and to decorate around windows, early examples featured banding, with later examples exhibiting complex diagonal, criss-cross, and step patterns, in some cases even writing using bricks. In the 1970s and 1980s, especially, architects working with bold colors included Robert Venturi, Michael Graves, Polychrome building facades later rose in popularity as a way of highlighting certain trim features in Victorian and Queen Anne architecture in the United States. The rise of the paint industry following the civil war also helped to fuel the use of multiple colors. These earned the endearment Painted Ladies, a term that in modern times is considered kitsch when it is applied to describe all Victorian houses that have painted with period colors. John Joseph Earley developed a process of concrete slab construction and ornamentation that was admired across America. In the Washington, D. C. metropolitan area, his products graced a variety of buildings — all formed by the staff of the Earley Studio in Rosslyn, earleys Polychrome Historic District houses in Silver Spring, Maryland were built in the mid-1930s. The concrete panels were pre-cast with colorful stones and shipped to the lot for on-site assembly, less well-known, but just as impressive, is the Dr. Fealy Polychrome House that Earley built atop a hill in Southeast Washington, D. C. overlooking the city. His uniquely designed polychrome houses were outstanding among prefabricated houses in the country, appreciated for their Art Deco ornament, the term polychromatic means having several colors
14.
Starbucks
–
Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain. Starbucks was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1971. As of November 2016, it operates 23,768 locations worldwide, many stores sell pre-packaged food items, hot and cold sandwiches, and drinkware including mugs and tumblers, select Starbucks Evenings locations offer beer, wine, and appetizers. Starbucks-brand coffee, ice cream, and bottled cold coffee drinks are sold at grocery stores. Starbucks first became profitable in Seattle in the early 1980s, the first Starbucks location outside North America opened in Tokyo in 1996, overseas properties now constitute almost one-third of its stores. The company opened an average of two new locations daily between 1987 and 2007, on December 1,2016, Howard Schultz announced he would resign as CEO effective in April 2017 and will be replaced by Kevin Johnson. The company took the name of the mate in the book Moby-Dick, Starbuck, after considering Cargo House. Bowker recalls that Terry Heckler, with whom Bowker owned an advertising agency, the founders brainstormed a list of words beginning with st. Someone pulled out an old mining map of the Cascade Range and saw a mining town named Starbo, Bowker said, Moby-Dick didnt have anything to do with Starbucks directly, it was only coincidental that the sound seemed to make sense. The first Starbucks store was located in Seattle at 2000 Western Avenue from 1971–1976 and this cafe was later moved to 1912 Pike Place, never to be relocated again. During this time, the only sold roasted whole coffee beans. The only brewed coffee served in the store were free samples, during their first year of operation, they purchased green coffee beans from Peets, then began buying directly from growers. In 1984, the owners of Starbucks, led by Jerry Baldwin. During the 1980s, total sales of coffee in the US were falling, by 1986, the company operated six stores in Seattle and had only just begun to sell espresso coffee. In 1987, the owners sold the Starbucks chain to former manager Howard Schultz. In the same year, Starbucks opened its first locations outside Seattle at Waterfront Station in Vancouver, British Columbia, by 1989,46 stores existed across the Northwest and Midwest and annually, Starbucks was roasting over 2,000,000 pounds of coffee. At the time of its public offering on the stock market in June 1992, Starbucks had 140 outlets, with a revenue of US$73.5 million. The companys market value was US$271 million by this time, the 12% portion of the company that was sold raised around US$25 million for the company, which facilitated a doubling of the number of stores over the next two years
15.
The Carling
–
The Carling, formerly known as the Carling Hotel and Hotel Roosevelt, is a historic building in Jacksonville, Florida, United States built in 1925. It is located at 31 West Adams Street in Downtown Jacksonville, as its former names indicates it was originally a hotel, and was used for that purpose until 1964, it currently serves as a residential building. The 13-story building originally contained 335 rooms and was designed by noted New York City architects Thompson, Holmes & Converse in 1925, a newspaper story depicted it as 300 rooms with bath, running ice water, fans and the latest equipment in the rooms. The three lower stories are faced with Indiana limestone above which is a shaft of red brick, the upper stories are trimmed with terra-cotta, and surmounted by a balustrade with limestone coping. The building is of fireproof construction. When it opened on September 1,1926, it was one of Jacksonvilles finest hotels, placement of the building was unusual at the time because it was situated in the middle of a block, rather than on a corner. It was constructed and managed by Atlantas Dinkler Hotel Company, which owned and operated two dozen upscale hotels in the southeastern United States. The facility was named after Carling L. Dinkler, who claimed to be the youngest hotel executive in the U. S, the facility changed its name to the Hotel Roosevelt in 1936 and it was a downtown landmark for over a quarter century. A two-story addition was constructed in 1937 at the rear of the building which permits access from Monroe Street. It was the site of the catastrophic Hotel Roosevelt fire in late December 1963, after being vacant for nearly 20 years, the structure was turned into apartments for retirees called Jacksonville Regency House, but that operation ended in 1989. On February 28,1991, the site was added to the U. S. National Register of Historic Places, little or no work was performed on the buildings major components for almost 40 years, the structures infrastructure was outdated with leaks and rot throughout. Elevators, HVAC, electrical, plumbing and other infrastructure was modernized, the ballroom was converted into a large community club room, a fitness center and a media room. Modern amenities were added while respecting the historic integrity of the structure, the building was renamed The Carling, and its 100 apartments were opened in July 2005 after $29 million and 20 months of construction. Vestor began leasing space in the Carlings 15,000 sq ft commercial arcade in October 2007, since then, a gallery known as The Art Center Cooperative, Inc. and a barber shop opened in the complex. In late December 2009, Vestcor requested a modification to their loan terms, the company asked for three years of interest-only payments plus low interest loans to potential tenants for the mostly empty commercial space in their buildings. Three months later, the city approved the plan for principal deferral, video Current photos The Art Center Cooperative, Inc. Excerpt from Historic Walking Tour, pdf document,2 pages Downtown Jacksonville Historic Preservation Incentives, pdf document,12 pages Photo of Barber Shop, source, flickr. com Google Maps incl
16.
National Park Service
–
It was created on August 25,1916, by Congress through the National Park Service Organic Act and is an agency of the United States Department of the Interior. As of 2014, the NPS employs 21,651 employees who oversee 417 units, the National Park Service celebrated its centennial in 2016. National parks and national monuments in the United States were originally individually managed under the auspices of the Department of the Interior, the movement for an independent agency to oversee these federal lands was spearheaded by business magnate and conservationist Stephen Mather, as well as J. Horace McFarland. With the help of journalist Robert Sterling Yard, Mather ran a publicity campaign for the Department of the Interior and they wrote numerous articles that praised the scenic and historic qualities of the parks and their possibilities for educational, inspirational, and recreational benefits. This campaign resulted in the creation of a National Park Service, Mather became the first director of the newly formed NPS. On March 3,1933, President Herbert Hoover signed the Reorganization Act of 1933, the act would allow the President to reorganize the executive branch of the United States government. It wasnt until later that summer when the new President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President Roosevelt agreed and issued two Executive orders to make it happen. In 1951, Conrad Wirth became director of the National Park Service, the demand for parks after the end of the World War II had left the parks overburdened with demands that could not be met. In 1952, with the support of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, he began Mission 66, New parks were added to preserve unique resources and existing park facilities were upgraded and expanded. In 1966, as the Park Service turned 50 years old, emphasis began to turn from just saving great and wonderful scenery, Director George Hartzog began the process with the creation of the National Lakeshores and then National Recreation Areas. Since its inception in 1916, the National Park Service has managed each of the United States national parks, Yellowstone National Park was the first national park in the United States. In 1872, there was no government to manage it. Yosemite National Park began as a park, the land for the park was donated by the federal government to the state of California in 1864 for perpetual conservation. Yosemite was later returned to federal ownership, at first, each national park was managed independently, with varying degrees of success. In Yellowstone, the staff was replaced by the U. S. Army in 1886. Due to the irregularities in managing these national treasures, Stephen Mather petitioned the government to improve the situation. In response, Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Lane challenged him to lobby for creating a new agency, Mather was successful with the ratification of the National Park Service Organic Act in 1916. Later, the agency was given authority over other protected areas, the National Park System includes all properties managed by the National Park Service
17.
University Press of Florida
–
The University Press of Florida is the scholarly publishing arm of the State University System of Florida, representing Floridas twelve state universities. It is located in Gainesville near the University of Florida, one of the major research institutions. It is overseen by the Florida Board of Governors and publishes works from and its predecessor was the University of Florida Press. UPF has published almost 2,500 volumes with a staff of 41, a member of the Association of American University Presses, UPF ranks in the top-third of member presses for sales and new title production. As UPFs predecessor, the University of Florida Press, began to build a publishing program, other public universities in Florida took notice. To avoid replication of efforts among the campuses, the Florida Board of Regents established a decentralized, featuring independent editorial and financial controls on each of the state systems nine campuses, this structure brought all of the states public universities into the publishing process. By the early 1990s a need became apparent for one central authority that could refocus and unify the consortium’s publishing program, throughout the changes in organization, the press has maintained its status as the premier publisher of scholarly and general interest books in the state of Florida. Others have been named to Amazon. com’s best-seller list and chosen for book clubs, in 2006, UPF was hailed as a publishing powerhouse by the Gainesville Sun. Current publications by UPF can be found on the UPF website, UPF also publishes Orange Grove Texts Plus which are Open Access textbooks, and are available in an Open Access repository powered by the SobekCM Open Source software. State University System of Florida Florida Board of Governors University Press of Florida
18.
International Standard Book Number
–
The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
19.
Tourist attraction
–
Factory tours, industrial heritage, creative art and crafts workshops are the object of cultural niches like industrial tourism and creative tourism. Many tourist attractions are also landmarks, tourist attractions are also created to capitalise on legends such as a supposed UFO crash site near Roswell, New Mexico and the alleged Loch Ness monster sightings in Scotland. Ghost sightings also make tourist attractions, ethnic communities may become tourist attractions, such as Chinatowns in the United States and the black British neighbourhood of Brixton in London, England. In the US, owners and marketers of attractions advertise tourist attractions on billboards along the side of highways and roadways, tourist attractions often provide free promotional brochures and flyers in information centres, fast food restaurants, hotel and motel rooms or lobbies, and rest area. Such places are known as tourist traps. Within cities such transport tourist attractions as rides by boats and buses are very popular, novelty attractions are not limited to the American Midwest, but are part of Midwestern culture. It may contain one or more tourist attractions and possibly some tourist traps, siem Reap town for example is a popular tourist destination in Cambodia, mainly owed to its proximity to Angkor temples. A tropical island resort is an island or archipelago that also depends on tourism as its source of revenue, according to the World Tourism Organization, •698 million people travelled to a foreign country in 2000, spending more US$478 billion. Lists of tourist attractions Attractions at DMOZ
20.
Acosta Bridge
–
The St. Elmo W. Acosta Bridge Bridge spans the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida on a fixed span. It was named for City Councilman St. Elmo W. Acosta and it carries SR13 with the two-track Jacksonville Skyway in the median. Prior to its replacement in 1991, the bridge, originally called St. Tolls were charged until 1940, at some time in 1991, the original bridge was closed to allow construction of the new one to proceed. Despite being a freeway, bicycles are permitted on the lanes of the bridge. The Acosta Bridge is also notable because of the neon lights that illuminate it at night. Although as of 2/11/2015, the Jacksonville Transportation Authority has announced that theyll be off indefinitely with no date on the books citing a lack of funding for repairs. The original north approach was a T-shaped viaduct, with the ending at Riverside Avenue. Just southwest of the Acosta Bridge, Riverside Avenue passed over the adjacent Florida East Coast Railway bridge approach, when the bridge was rebuilt, the intersection was rebuilt as a semi-directional T interchange. Direct high-speed connections were provided between the bridge and both directions on Riverside Avenue, as well as a ramp from the bridge to the intersection of Broad Street. The bridge originally emptied out on Miami Road just west of San Marco Boulevard, with a continuation, at least southbound, SR13 went south on San Marco Boulevard, and was later changed to go east on Miami Road. Around 1958, a system of freeways was built in Jacksonville, the old approach became southbound only, and northbound access was provided at Mary Street, two blocks north of Miami Road. A northbound exit was provided at Mary Street for traffic coming from the south. No southbound entrance was provided, but the adjacent Main Street Bridge approach provided access in that direction, when the bridge was rebuilt, the south approach was kept almost identical. The only real difference was a new onramp from Museum Circle. The popular Diamond Head Lobster House was in its path and had to be demolished
21.
Buckman Bridge
–
The Henry Holland Buckman Bridge carries I-295 West Beltway traffic over the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. It was named for Henry Holland Buckman, a prominent legislator, prior to 1970, travel across the St. Johns River from Orange Park to Mandarin was a journey. One route involved driving north to downtown Jacksonville, crossing the Fuller Warren Bridge, then driving south, a distance of nearly 30 miles and an hour of travel time. The alternative was to drive south to Green Cove Springs and across the planks of the Shands Bridge. Construction began, but the first concrete pilings exploded days after they were poured, investigation revealed that the heat generated from the curing concrete increased Anaerobic digestion by bacteria in the brackish water and generated methane gas. The engineers were forced to change their construction method, the bridge is of beam-type construction, approximately 3.1 miles in length, and travels roughly east-west. The eastbound and westbound lanes are built on separate bridge structures, average daily traffic in 1996 was estimated at 78,000 vehicles. In 1995, the bridge was expanded from two lanes in each direction with partial breakdown lanes to four lanes in each direction with full breakdown lanes, a Florida Department of Transportation study in September,1997 counted 110,743 vehicles. With busy exits within a mile of either end of the bridge. Downtown Jacksonville and Naval Air Station Jacksonville are visible from the bridge to the north, on a clear day, the Seminole Electric power plant in Palatka can be seen to the south of the bridge. While rarely closed for weather, two situations have made necessary, Tropical Storm Fay and prolonged freezing conditions. During tropical storms or hurricanes, sustained winds of over 40 miles per hour are considered hazardous, on December 23,1989 the temperature dropped to 26° and precipitation changed from rain to sleet to snow, which lasted for several days. All the bridges in Jacksonville were impassable and closed for more than 24 hours, except for the original St. Elmo W. Acosta Bridge, bridges portal Florida portal Jacksonville portal List of crossings of the St. Johns River Nautical Chart
22.
Dames Point Bridge
–
The Dames Point Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge over the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida on the Interstate 295 East Beltway. Construction began in 1985 and was completed in 1989, the main span is 1,300 feet, and is 175 feet high. The bridge was designed by HNTB Corporation and RS&H, Inc, the Massman Construction Company built the bridge. The bridges cables are arranged on multiple vertical planes in a modification to the harp stay arrangement. Until the 2003 completion of the Sidney Lanier Bridge in Brunswick and it remains is one of the largest cable-stayed bridges built in the United States having 21 miles of cable. Rescuers rappelled down the side of the bridge to the workers, the story of this rescue effort was aired on Rescue 911 on September 12 of the same year. Bridges portal Florida portal Jacksonville portal List of crossings of the St. com
23.
Fuller Warren Bridge
–
The Fuller Warren Bridge is a prestressed concrete girder bridge that carries Interstate 95 across the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. The current bridge was completed in October 2002, replacing the bascule bridge span completed in 1954. The current bridge was designed by HNTB Corporation in 1990 and built by Balfour Beatty Construction, the entire bridge is over 7,500 ft. long, with a main span of 250 feet, and a vertical clearance of 75 ft. The bridge now carries eight lanes across the span, the bridge is named after former Florida governor Fuller Warren, former member and eventual denouncer of the KKK, who held the office from 1949 to 1953. He had previously served as a member of the Jacksonville City Council from 1931 to 1937, the original bascule bridge was tolled until 1988, when the city of Jacksonville abolished toll collections. Increasing wear from heavy traffic, including a 1993 incident in which a 3 square feet fragment of concrete broke loose and it was permanently closed June 13,2001, when all traffic was moved to the new Fuller Warren Bridge. After delays in removal because of legal and environmental concerns, the Florida Department of Transportation used explosives to complete demolition of the old bridge on February 17,2007. Conversion from the old Fuller Warren Bridge to the new one began with one lane of southbound I-95 traffic on April 16,2000. The new bridge, built at a cost of approximately $100 million, was opened to all eight lanes in late 2002 and formally dedicated on January 13,2003
24.
Hart Bridge
–
The Isaiah David Hart Bridge is a truss bridge that spans the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. It carries U. S. Route 1 Alternate and State Road 228 and it is named after Isaiah Hart, the founder of Jacksonville. It was designed by Sverdrup & Parcel, the bridge has traditionally been painted green and is often referred to as The Green Monster by locals. The westbound end of the bridge delivers drivers to downtown Jacksonville or Martin Luther King Expressway, the stretch of highway between downtown and Beach Blvd. is known as the Commodore Point Expressway, but more commonly referred to by locals as the Hart Bridge Expressway. The bridge is a cantilever bridge which is a type of continuous truss bridge. The bridges main span is uncommon for a bridge in that the truss over the main channel tapers upward. Bridges portal Florida portal Jacksonville portal List of crossings of the St. Johns River Isaiah D. Hart Bridge at Structurae City of Jacksonville article about the bridges
25.
Main Street Bridge (Jacksonville)
–
The Main Street Bridge, officially the John T. Alsop Jr. Bridge, is a bridge crossing the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. It was the bridge built across the river. It carries four lanes of traffic, and is signed as US 1/US90, a lift bridge, it opened in July 1941 at a cost of $1.5 million. In 1957 it was named after Mayor John T. Alsop, Jr. but continues to be known, even on road signs and it remains one of the most recognizable features of the Downtown Jacksonville skyline. When the bridge was first built, its end was at the intersection of Main Street. Traffic continued north on Main Street, with a pair being made at some point, after that, northbound traffic turned right on Water Street. In 1978, several bridges and ramps were built. Main Street now goes over Water Street, and a ramp now carries all traffic from the bridge diagonally into Ocean Street, ramps provide access to and from Water Street. The bridge originally ended at Miami Road, in 1968, a flyover was built between the ramps to I-95 and the bridge, with frontage roads continuing to serve Miami Road and several other cross streets. Thus there is now uninterrupted traffic flow from I-95 to the Main Street Bridge, the bridge opens at half past the hour. Media related to Main Street Bridge at Wikimedia Commons
26.
Mathews Bridge
–
The Mathews Bridge is a cantilever bridge in Jacksonville, Florida, which spans the St. Johns River. Constructed in 1953, the bridge brings traffic along the Arlington Expressway between downtown Jacksonville and the Arlington neighborhood and it was named after John E. Mathews, a Florida state legislator and Chief Justice of the 1955 Florida Supreme Court who helped gather funding for the bridges construction. Originally silver in color, the bridge was painted maroon in 1984 in celebration of Jacksonvilles United States Football League franchise and this 12.9 million dollar project replaced the existing open grate bridge deck previously on Mathews Bridge with an Exodermic Deck resulting in a concrete riding surface. The bridge had a notoriously problematic grating in the center span, after the previous grating wore out, a new one was installed, causing drivers to complain that the replacement was slippery and difficult to cross. That grating was replaced with a new, state of the art grating and this initially only resulted in reducing the speed limit and roughing up the grating. In 2007, the bridge underwent construction to replace the open grating over the span with a concrete riding surface. In the early afternoon on September 26,2013, the Military Sealift Command ship USNS 1st, lt. Harry L. Martin allided with the center span of the Mathews Bridge. The damage caused to the bridge was sufficient that it was closed indefinitely until it could be inspected and repaired, following repairs, the Mathews Bridge reopened in the early morning of October 29,2013. Part of the reason of the accident was because the height of the bridge was incorrect. The bridge owners notified the Coast Guard that the bridge was surveyed and this new measurement is 6 feet lower than the previously published height. The bridge is mentioned in the Limp Bizkit song My Generation, in the vocalist Fred Dursts opening monologue, he invites drummer John Otto to Take em to the Mathews Bridge, preceding the latters drum solo. Also, This bridge was seen in Need for Speed, Carbon except. Bridges portal Florida portal Jacksonville portal List of crossings of the St. Johns River Local news articles on the Mathews Bridge
27.
Sun-Ray Cinema
–
The Sun-Ray Cinema at 5 Points, formerly known as Riverside Theater and 5 Points Theatre, is a historic two-screen movie theater in Jacksonville, Florida. The first theater in Florida equipped to show talking pictures, it opened in March 1927 in the Five Points district of the Riverside, the Riverside Theater opened in March 1927, when the Five Points area was emerging as a commercial center for Riverside and Avondale. It was the first in the state, and third in the country, the architect was Roy Benjamin, whose architectural firm eventually became KBJ Architects. The theater is part of a much larger Italian Renaissance revival building, Benjamin went on to design more than 200 theaters throughout Florida and the southeastern United States, including Downtown Jacksonvilles Florida Theatre. The first talkie shown in the theater was Don Juan, starring John Barrymore, admission was $1.10, an expensive ticket considering the prevailing wage was less than a quarter per hour. The building was remodeled in 1949 and renamed the Five Points Theater when the marquee was added, in 1977 the theater closed for several years and an attempt was made to modernize the building in 1978 with the application of stucco. In the early 1980s the movie theater shut down, and the acting group River City Playhouse moved into the space in 1984, in 1991 the building was remodeled into a nightclub, Club 5, which closed in 2004. A four-year, $4.5 million historic restoration was begun in 2004 after local car dealer Mike Shad purchased the property, midway through the renovations, the facility was opened for private events like reunions and wedding receptions, but work was not completed until 2008. Although the marquee was not original, it was restored because it is considered a historic component. In 2010 the Theatre shifted to an art format, with foreign, independent and classic films, late night movies. The Theatre was a venue for the 2009 and 2010 Jacksonville Film Festivals, the 2009 and 2010 Citrus Cel Animation Festival, in 2014, it served as screening home for the Jacksonville edition of the 48 Hour Film Project. During 2011, co-owners Tim Massett and his wife Shana David-Massett raised funds to take over, Massett, a Jacksonville native who managed a movie theater in Minnesota, raised $102,450 via online crowdsourcing and private loans. Their improvements include a screen, sound dampening, and tiered theater seats. The venue was renamed the Sun-Ray Cinema at 5 Points, the show schedule features new releases, lesser-known movies and cult films. In addition to traditional movie fare plus beer and wine, they serve sandwiches, hummus, site-made pizza with unusual toppings. The theatre expanded its capacity, adding a second auditorium in 2014, in 2016, PETA ranked Sun-Ray Cinema as the number one theater for people who do not eat animal products, since the menu includes multiple vegan, vegetarian and gluten-free options
28.
Baseball Grounds of Jacksonville
–
The Baseball Grounds of Jacksonville is a baseball park in Jacksonville, Florida. It is the stadium of the Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp baseball team, who play in the Class Double-A Southern League. The facility is known as Community First Park for Jacksonville Armada games, the Baseball Grounds were proposed as part of the city planning program known as the Better Jacksonville Plan. It was designed to replace the aging Wolfson Park, the Jumbo Shrimps previous home, the facility cost $34 million and broke ground in 2002, with construction being completed the following year. The ballpark was the first completed project of the Better Jacksonville Plan, the Atlantic Coast Conference baseball championship was held at the venue from 2005–2008. The Baseball Grounds hosts a game between the Florida Gators and the Florida State Seminoles. The most recent game was on March 25,2014 when Florida defeated Florida State 4–1 in front of 10,125 fans, on July 17,2013 the Baseball Grounds hosted the Southern League All-Star Game. The South Division defeated the North Division 6–0 in front of a crowd of 9,373. It also features 12 luxury skyboxes, four skydecks, a scoreboard and videoboard, a playground, and the knuckle. The park has a video broadcast of games provided by The Schelldorf Television Network. The ballpark is located in downtown Jacksonville, situated between Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena and EverBank Field. The largest crowd for a game at the ballpark was 17,860. Official Baseball Grounds of Jacksonville website Baseball Grounds of Jacksonville Views - Ball Parks of the Minor Leagues
29.
Hodges Stadium
–
Hodges Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium at the University of North Florida, and the home field for the North Florida Ospreys soccer, track and field, and cross country teams. It is located on the campus in Jacksonville, Florida. It is named for George and Kernan Hodges, who donated $2 million to upgrade the facility in 2006, the stadium opened in 2004 and underwent renovations in 2006 and 2008 that installed additional seating, a press box, and a 9-lane Olympic quality running track. The facility additionally includes classrooms, offices, and the Browning Athletic Training, the University of North Floridas field was first opened in 2004 in order to serve the North Florida Ospreys mens and womens soccer, cross country running, and track and field teams. In 2006 Jacksonville philanthropists George and Kernan Hodges issued a $2 million donation to UNF to improve the facility, the donation funded the construction of seats for 10,000, an eight-lane 400-meter track, a press box, lighting, and classrooms and offices. The nameless field was renamed Hodges Stadium after them, other additions included the Browning Athletic Training and Education Center and a strength and conditioning center. In 2008 the stadium underwent another renovation to install a new state-of-the art running track, the university spent another $3 million to complete the 9-lane Olympic-quality track. It was designed by the Italian company Mondo and was the facility in the world to feature the companys Mondotrack SX rubber surface. It is the third largest stadium in the United States dedicated to track & field, the stadium has also held three international rugby league football matches, and has hosted training camp for several international teams. Academy Award-winning actor Russell Crowe visited UNF to organize preparations for a club rugby league played at UNF. Crowes South Sydney Rabbitohs played against the Leeds Rhinos on January 26,2008, in 2009, the Leeds Rhinos returned to UNF to play the Salford City Reds in an exhibition game. February 2005- Practice for the Philadelphia Eagles before Super Bowl XXXIX, January 26,2008 - Australian rugby league club South Sydney Rabbitohs vs. English Super League club Leeds Rhinos for the Australia Day Challenge. January 19,2009 - English Rugby league match between Salford City Reds and Leeds Rhinos, april 2009- UNF Rugby Football Club hosted their annual Alumni Game for the first time in the stadium. November 14,2009 - International rugby match between the United States and Jamaica,2009 Atlantic Sun Conference Track and Field Championships December 19,2009 - North America Bowl between Jacksonville Knights and Team Canada a traveling all-star team. November 2010 - Hosted the 2010 Atlantic Cup rugby league tournament, july 23–26,2015 - Hosted the USATF Masters Outdoor Track & Field Championships. July 27-August 2,2015 - Hosted the USATF National Junior Olympic Track & Field Championships, December 4 and 12,2015 - Hosted 2017 Rugby League World Cup qualifying matches Official Website
30.
Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena
–
The Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena is a 15, 000-seat multi-purpose arena in Jacksonville, Florida. It was built in 2003 as part of Mayor John Delaneys Better Jacksonville Plan to replace the outdated Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Coliseum, the field is titled Sea Best Field. The Memorial Arena also serves as an entertainment venue. Since that time, dozens of groups, including country, rap, rock, in 2006, a scheduled Dixie Chicks concert was cancelled, due to lack of ticket sales, which was seen as part of the general backlash against the groups comments on the Iraq War. The arena found huge success when the became the home of the Jacksonville Sharks in 2010 when they were introduced as an expansion team of the Arena Football League. The team was founded by former Orlando Predators executive Jeff Bouchy who is also the brother of former Orlando Predators owner Brett Bouchy, the Sharks have recently generated the highest attendance for a tenant in the arenas history. It was the host for the Davis Cup first round tie between the US and Brazil on the weekend of February 1–3,2013, JVMA will host an NBA game between the Atlanta Hawks and New Orleans Pelicans on October 9. Currently, the arena is home to the Jacksonville Sharks of the National Arena League and it also hosted the 2011 ABA All-Star Game, which took place on February 26,2011. Starting in 2012, it became home to the Jacksonville Bullies of the Professional Lacrosse League, in 2017, it became the home the Jacksonville IceMen of the ECHL. The Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena was home to the Jacksonville Barracudas ice hockey franchise from 2003 to 2007 when they relocated to a hockey arena in the area. It has also hosted PBR Built Ford Tough Series events in the past
31.
TPC at Sawgrass
–
The Tournament Players Club at Sawgrass is a golf course in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida, a suburb of Jacksonville, United States. Opened 37 years ago in 1980, it was the first of several Tournament Players Clubs to be built and it is home to the PGA Tour headquarters and annually hosts The Players Championship, a golf tournament on the PGA Tour. Paul and Jerome Fletcher negotiated a deal with the PGA tour, TPC Sawgrass Stadium Course, the golf stadium of the course, has a capacity of 36,000. The TPC at Sawgrass is situated in Ponte Vedra Beachs Sawgrass development and it has two individual courses, the Stadium Course and the Valley Course. The Stadium Course was designed in 1980 by noted golf course architects Pete and Alice Dye, constructed specifically to host The Players Championship, it employs a distinctive stadium concept, like in other sports, fans at the TPC sit in stands made of raised mounds of grass. It is known for its signature hole, the par-3, 137-yard 17th, known as the Island Green, one of golfs most recognizable, the course has been featured for many years on the best-selling Tiger Woods PGA Tour series of video games. Meanwhile, the Dye’s Valley Course hosts the Web. com Tour Championship since 2013 and its Star Wars golf, designed by Darth Vader, Ben Crenshaw pronounced. When asked if the TPC suited his style, Jack Nicklaus replied, No. Snead called the course 90 percent horse manure and 10 percent luck, over the following year, Dye tweaked the course, making the greens less severe and replacing several bunkers. After the changes, the course became far more playable, now its a darn good golf course, Crenshaw said of the improvements. The course was the site of the U. S. Amateur in August 1994 and this was the first of his three consecutive victories. TPC Sawgrass signature hole is the Stadium Courses 17th, known simply as the Island Green and it measures only 132 yards from tee to green, but it consists of nothing but a 78-foot -long green with a tiny bunker in front of it. Save a small path to the green, the green is surrounded by water. Club selection in the conditions at the hole is a huge consideration, as there is nowhere to land the ball but on the green, in the small bunker. It is estimated more than 100,000 balls are retrieved from the surrounding water every year, courtesy of professionals. The Island Green design came by accident, the design for the 17th was to be a simple par-3 green only partially surrounded by a lake. Alice Dye suggested the Island Green concept, remembering another course with a similar green, Pete was not thrilled at the idea but went ahead with it, in the process creating one of golfs most recognizable holes. Because of its popularity among fans, The Golf Channel devotes 11 cameras to it during the tournament, probably the most famous incident that has occurred on the Island Green involved Steve Lowery in the 1998 Players Championship
32.
UNF Arena
–
UNF Arena is a multi-purpose arena located on the campus of the University of North Florida in Jacksonville, Florida. It is home to the North Florida Ospreys mens and womens basketball and it is also used for other events, such as concerts and graduation ceremonies, and has served as the site of the Orlando Magic franchises training camp. It opened in 1993 and has a capacity of up to 6,300, in 2004 the Arena was used by the U. S. Mens and Womens Olympic teams. On September 2,2008, the University announced plans for UNF Varsity Village, upgrades will be on the existing locker rooms, athletics offices, scoreboard, and seating. Planned additions will include a room, academic support area. On March 8,2015, the UNF Arena attendance record was set as 6,155 fans watched North Florida defeat USC Upstate in the 2015 Atlantic Sun Mens Basketball Tournament championship game. In the first round of the 2016 National Invitation Tournament,6,011 fans saw the Ospreys fall to Florida, official website UNF Arena at UNFOspreys. com
33.
World Golf Village
–
The World Golf Village is a golf resort in St. Johns County, Florida, United States, located between Jacksonville and St. Augustine. It was created by the PGA Tour and showcases the World Golf Hall of Fame, in addition to the resort the World Golf Village features residential and commercial developments. The 6, 300-acre parcel was approved in the 1990s as a Development of Regional Impact under Section 380.06 of the Florida Statutes, and eventually have 18,000 residents. A new interchange on Interstate 95 in Florida was constructed to direct access to the site. A large building on the west side houses the hall of fame, theater, cafe, the Shops of World Golf Village are situated on the north and east sides, and the Renaissance Hotel and convention center are to the south. The Ladies Professional Golf Association created a hall of fame in 1951 and it was inactive until 1967, when it moved into a physical location in Augusta, Georgia and was renamed the LPGA Tour Hall of Fame. In the early 1990s, the PGA Tour was contemplating a Hall of Fame close to their north Florida headquarters, deane Beman asked LPGA commissioner Charlie Mechem if there was interest in a joint Golf Hall of Fame. When they responded in the affirmative, the United States Golf Association was contacted, as was The Royal, both agreed to collaborate, and PGA of America closed the Pinehurst World Golf Hall of Fame, while the LPGA decided to merge their HOF into the new facility. An independent entity, the World Golf Foundation, was formed in 1994 to promote and honor the game, the Board of Directors included representatives from the worlds major golf organizations. The WGF owns and controls the World Golf Hall of Fame, the first and foremost attraction at World Golf Village is the World Golf Hall of Fame, which superseded the PGA of America facility at Pinehurst, North Carolina in May 1998. The Hall of Fame has a permanent display with information for every individual inducted. There are also devoted to the history of golf, heritage, organizations, course design, equipment, attire. The Trophy Tower contains a collection of all the major tournament trophies, many of the displays are interactive and give the visitor a hands on experience. Featured exhibits change yearly, and a round on the 18-hole putting course is included with museum admission, additionally, there is a Challenge Hole with an island green similar to the signature hole at TPC Sawgrass, the par 3, 17th. The resort features two golf courses, the King & Bear, designed jointly by Arnold Palmer and Jack Nicklaus, and the Slammer & Squire. Both courses consistently receive 4.5 stars rating by Golf Digest, the PGA TOUR Golf Academy opened at WGV in 2000 as a one-stop facility to help players improve all facets of their golf game. Their instructors are experienced PGA and LPGA professionals who provide clinics, schools, private lessons, development programs and camps for juniors using the latest technology. Based on the success of the program, branches have been established at TPC Sawgrass, TPC Scottsdale, TPC Las Vegas, TPC San Antonio, the academy at World Golf Village trains and certifies all instructors at TOUR academies
34.
Alhambra Dinner Theatre
–
The Alhambra was built by Jacksonville businessman Leon Simon in 1967 and purchased by Tod Booth, Sr. in 1984. Booth moved to Jacksonville from Chicago, where he worked as director for the Drury Lane Theaters. As with other theaters of the 1970s, Alhambra initially relied on the appeal of former stars of film, television. Alhambras first such headliner was in Barefoot in the Park in 1969, stars earned weekly pay between $1,500 and $5,000 for six to eight weeks as well as being able to enjoy the weather and amenities in Florida. According to Booth, When their careers cooled, a star could learn a show and that one show could be a meal ticket for a year or two. Other celebrities, including soap opera cast members, hosts from TV game shows, in the early 1980s, however, it became difficult to hire former big names to act in dinner theatre. Booth explained, They could make more in a day doing a commercial than they could make during the run of dinner theater show. Plus, a lot of the stars just started dying off, as a result, few of the performers had familiar names, but all were professionals, most with extensive experience on stage, in movies and TV. The show itself was promoted, rather than the headliner, since the 1970s, over 100 stars have graced the Alhambra stage, The Alhambras performers are members of the Actors Equity Association, the union that represents professional stage and film actors. The theatre features buffet dinners and a bar service. The bar itself seats 75 for patrons who arrive early for happy hour, the facility uses a Thrust stage to give all 408 seats an excellent view. Several staff members have been at the venue for over 25 years, during 1997, plans were drawn up to reconfigure the Alhambra into separate theatre and dining sections. A24,800 sq ft new building would be constructed for a restaurant seating 600, the present structure would be converted into auditorium seating for 600 and triple the size of the stage. Construction was projected to start in the fall of 1998, pending financing approval, in 2000, plans for a $10 million,50,000 sq ft project were submitted to the city for approval. Three buildings would be constructed surrounding the structure, which would eventually be razed. However, Jacksonvilles Concurrency Management Office determined that there was insufficient traffic capacity, on August 31,2009 the Alhambra Dinner Theatre suspended operations, citing the effect of the Late-2000s recession on attendance and expenses. The sale of the theatre to Theatre Partners, a group of investors, was announced on October 28,2009. The group stated that operations would resume December 1,2009 with A Christmas Carol, former owner Tod Booth agreed to direct the shows, which were the primary attraction
35.
Florida Theatre
–
The Florida Theatre is an historic American movie theater located at 128 East Forsyth Street in Jacksonville, Florida. The theatre is one of four remaining high-style movie palaces built in Florida during the Mediterranean Revival architectural boom of the 1920s. Opened on April 8,1927, it was added to the U. S. National Register of Historic Places on November 4,1982, on April 18,2012, the AIAs Florida Chapter placed the building on its list of Florida Architecture,100 Years. The Florida Theatre began construction in summer of 1926 by Southern Enterprises, Inc. with R. E. Hall & Co. the theatre was established as a seven-story concrete fireproof building with a roof garden and with an emphasis on showing movies and live performances. R. E. Hall and Roy A. Benjamin designed the Florida Theatre in the Mediterranean Revival architecture style, the site of the Florida Theatre was previously occupied by a police station and jail but was demolished. Construction of the theatre took only one year and was opened to the public on April 8,1927, at the time of the opening the Florida Theatre was the largest theatre in Florida. The opening night had several programs featuring fanfare of the American Legion Bugle Corps, a stage show. The Florida Theatre was open from 11,00 AM to 11,00 PM showing a variety of films, news reels, in 1938 the roof garden was closed and replaced with offices to be rented out. On August 10-11,1956 Elvis Presley played two shows at the Florida Theatre to the dislikes of Jacksonvilles city leadership, a committee was formed and Judge Marion Gooding prepared arrest warrants due to Presleys bodily movements and influence on the local youth. Gooding and Elvis had a meeting where Gooding threatened to execute the warrants if Elvis disobeyed his orders. Elvis performed the show with no action from the police or Gooding, by the 1970s the Florida Theatre was in decline and on May 8,1980 it was forced to closed. On October 31,1981 the Florida Theatre was purchased by the Arts Assembly of Jacksonville for $1 million, the Arts Assembly immediately began restoring the dilapidated building with $5 million. The Florida Theatre was also at the time placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 28,1982, one year later on August 26,1983 the newly renovated Florida Theatre was reopened to the public. On October 1,1987 the Florida Theatre separated from the Arts Assembly as an independent entity governed by its own board of directors, the Florida Theatre today is the permanent home of the Florida Ballet, Theatreworks, and the annual Community Nutcracker
36.
Ritz Theatre (Jacksonville)
–
The Ritz Theatre is an African-American oriented theatre in the LaVilla neighborhood of Jacksonville, Florida. The theater, which seats 426, is used for a variety of music, dance and theatrical productions, the spacious lobby is also used for private functions. Just off the lobby is the LaVilla Museum which holds 11,000 square feet of exhibits, LaVilla is considered the mecca for African American culture and heritage in Florida. The Ritz Theater was designed in the Art Deco style by local architect Jefferson Powell, LaVilla had a thriving, vibrant culture from 1921 to 1971, when it was known as the Harlem of the South. From the 1970s, the entertainment district of LaVilla went into decline and crime increased, the groundbreaking for the project was in 1998, and the pair were reopened on September 30,1999. The sign and northwest corner are all that remain of the original building
37.
Times-Union Center for the Performing Arts
–
The Times-Union Center for the Performing Arts is a performing arts center located in Jacksonville, Florida. Situated along the Riverbank, the venue is known as the First Coast’s premiere riverfront entertainment facility, originally opening in 1962, the facility was renovated beginning in 1995 until 1997, with a grand re-opening on February 8,1997. The center consists of three venues, a theatre, concert hall and recital hall and it is home to the FSCJ Artist Series, Jacksonville Symphony Orchestra, Jacksonville Symphony Youth Orchestra and showcase, Extravaganza. Commissioned in 1955, the City of Jacksonville approved a new civic auditorium, in 1957, the site was purchased from the Seaboard Air Line Railroad. At the same time, Mayor W. Haydon Burns successfully lobbied the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad to move its headquarters from North Carolina to Jacksonville, thus, construction began on the auditorium and the Atlantic Coastline Building both began in 1957. On December 7,1957, the Seaboard Docks were demolished to make way for the forthcoming auditorium, the site was prepared via bulk heading the shoreline of the St. Johns River. This involved walling out the shoreline and adding fill dirt, the original site of the municipal coliseum was moved further along the riverbank and opened in 1960 along with the Atlantic Coastline Building. The Civic Auditorium was opened on September 16,1962, with a performance by the Jacksonville Symphony Orchestra, the center served as a replacement for the aging Duval County Armory and became the preferred mid-sized concert venue alongside the Florida Theatre. The civic auditorium consisted of the auditorium, Exhibition Hall. By the 1990s, the auditorium developed a bad reputation amongst music acts, like the coliseum, the venue was known for its poor acoustics. This caused many concerts to be moved to Tallahassee or Gainesville, in 1993, Mayor Ed Austin proposed the River City Renaissance Plan. A portion of the $235 million bond was allocated to the renovation of the facility and it was headed by KBJ Architects, Rothman, Rothman & Heineman, Kirkegaard Associates and Jones & Phillips Associates, Inc. The original auditorium was gutted and divided into three facilities, in 1994, local newspaper, The Florida Times-Union, purchased naming rights for $3 million. The renovated facility also included a lounge, art gallery and lobby, the lobby areas included marble column from the Barnett National Bank Building and art from the Museum of Contemporary Art Jacksonville. The center reopened on February 8,1997, with a performance by the FSCJ Artist Series, the Jim & Jan Moran Theater is a theatre and main performance venue of the center. The theater was designed for theatrical and musical performances. All genres from rock to gospel have performed at the theater, since 2006, the Jim & Jan Moran Theatre has been the home of Extraganza, an annual talent showcase by the students of Douglas Anderson School of the Arts. The theater can seat nearly 3,000, the Robert E. Jacoby Symphony Hall is a concert hall primarily used for orchestral performances
38.
Theatre Jacksonville
–
Theatre Jacksonville is a community theatre based in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. One of the oldest continually producing community theatres in the United States, its building, Theatre Jacksonville is based in the neighborhood of San Marco. It puts on numerous productions throughout the year and runs a camp called Camp Theatre Jacksonville every summer. The Little Theatre company was founded at Jacksonville, Florida in 1919, cigar magnate Carl Swisher was the benefactor for a new building in the San Marco neighborhood, which was started in 1927. However, It was more than ten years before the first performance was staged at the new facility, on January 4,1938, Boy meets Girl opened in what is now a historic U. S. theater located at 2032 San Marco Boulevard. In early 1969, the name of the company was changed to Theatre Jacksonville, Inc. mayor Hans Tanzler issued a proclamation naming Theatre Jacksonville as Jacksonvilles Official Theatre in 1972, a distinction reconfirmed by all succeeding mayors. On July 12,1991, the Little Theatre building was added to the U. S. National Register of Historic Places, the $500,000 Harold K. Smith Playhouse Endowment for facility maintenance was established in June,1997. In October,2000 the theatre Facade renovation was completed and the facility was dedicated as the Harold K. Smith Playhouse. Official Theatre Jacksonville Website Duval County listings, Floridas Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
39.
University of North Florida Department of Music
–
The University of North Florida Department of Music is the music department of the University of North Florida, and one of the institutions flagship programs. Part of UNFs College of Arts and Sciences, it offers seven programs of study, the UNF Department of Music is housed in the Fine Arts Center on campus. It was opened in 2001 at a cost of $22 million, the complex comprises the 1,400 seat Lazzara Performance Hall, a 200-seat recital hall,44 individual practice rooms, and 4 large rehearsal rooms. The Lazzara Performance Hall hosts performances throughout the year from national and international acts
40.
Freebird Live
–
Freebird Live was a music venue located in Jacksonville Beach, Florida. They closed their doors with a concert on January 21,2016. The venue opened in September 8,1999, with a concert by The Charlie Daniels Band, the cafe featured Lynyrd Skynyrd memorabilia, food and recorded music. In 2005, the owners of the venue considered moving the location to accommodate a larger capacity. Buildings in Atlantic Beach, Florida and Jacksonville, Florida were considered, however, the owners decided to renovate its current location in lieu of moving
41.
Metropolitan Park
–
Metropolitan Park is a 32-acre urban waterfront park and concert venue located on the north bank of the St. Johns River in Downtown Jacksonville, Florida. It is projected to be the terminus of the northbank Jacksonville Riverwalk. The Jacksonville Symphony Orchestra occasionally performs there, as have many nationally known entertainers, the primary facility is a 2, 400-square-foot reversible stage with seating for 3,000 under the large canopy. There is a room, production office and dressing rooms for performers. The park has full boat docking facilities with 78 boat slips, the park is located on what was once a landfill, purchased in May,1972 for $1 million by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. The present park size is the result of additions since the initial acquisition in 1972. Development funding was provided by the City of Jacksonville, the State of Florida-Department of Natural Resources, the project was planned to be completed in two phases. The first phase included an exhibition mall, family area, playgrounds. Florida Governor Bob Graham attended the groundbreaking for the first phase, work on Phase 1 was completed in 1984 at a cost of $1 million. Metropolitan Park was the winner of the 1986 Governor’s Design Award, Phase 2, which included paved walkways, lighting, landscaping, parking, and the entrance, cost another $1 million. Mayor Tommy Hazouri began the enhancements on May 10,1990, the Catherine Street Fire Museum was moved to Metro Park property in 1993 but did not open to the public until 2001. Community leaders created the Metropolitan Park Kids Kampus Task Force in the 1990s to provide input for a new play area with physical, intellectual and social benefits. Educators were utilized to design structures and activities that allow children to be curious, explore, construction began on Kids Kampus March 8,2000, and the 10-acre facility, located beside Metro Park, opened March 6,2001. The park included a field with bleachers,10 Picnic shelters and individual picnic tables, grills, playground equipment, benches, bike racks, security lighting. The largest attraction was a driving range, modeled after downtown Jacksonville, including street signs, traffic signals. The seasonal water park at Kids Kampus featured Three Friends, a structure with water cannons and a slide. On May 5,2010, JaxParks announced that the Splash Water Park at Kids Kampus would not open for 2010 due to impending demolition as part of Metropolitan Park renovations. JaxPride, a nonprofit coalition, sponsored the workshop
42.
Prime F. Osborn III Convention Center
–
Prime F. Osborn III Convention Center is a 265, 000-square-foot convention center located in downtown Jacksonville, Florida. Opened in 1986, it was built incorporating Jacksonvilles Union Station as well as several square feet of newly built structure. Located in the Jacksonville neighborhood of LaVilla, the Prime Osborn contains two exhibition halls totaling 78,500 square feet, several ballrooms and meetings rooms. The City of Jacksonville is looking to replace the Prime Osborn within the decade, with a larger 500. The Convention Center station of the JTA Skyway is located across the street, LaVilla, at that time a suburb of Jacksonville, was for many years an important railroad hub. The first union station in the area was built by the Savannah, Florida, the Jacksonville, Tampa and Key West Railway began to use it in 1884. Other terminals served the Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad, the Florida East Coast Railway, the company was incorporated in 1894 by Henry Flagler, who owned the Florida East Coast Railway. Its first Union Depot opened on February 4,1895, and was completed on January 15,1897 and it came to be known as the Flagler Depot. 5% ownership. When the second Union Station opened in 1919, it was the largest railroad station in the South, at its peak, the terminal handled as many as 142 trains and 20,000 passengers a day. Some of the passenger trains handled in Jacksonville were 18 to 22 railcars long, within the terminal, there was a restaurant, snack bars, news stands, a barber shop, florist, a drug store, and gift shops. The Jacksonville terminal had 32 tracks,29 of those tracks were passenger tracks with platforms. Of those, 1-15 were stub or head tracks, which ended at the bumper posts, the station was last used on January 3,1974, Amtrak moved to a new Jacksonville station several miles north. In 1982, a partnership was started, led by former CSX chairman Prime F. Osborn III. The new convention center opened on October 17,1986, the Jacksonville Regional Transit Center is a proposed conversion of a portion of the convention center back into a rail station. The Jacksonville Transportation Authority plans to convert and restore the historic terminal building, Amtrak, Florida East Coast Railway, the Skyway, and eventually commuter rail would serve the station. First Coast Commuter Rail is a passenger rail system serving Jacksonville, FL. It is currently in the planning stages. Three routes were analyzed in depth, north to Yulee, FL, southwest to Green Cove Springs, FL, and southeast to St. Augustine, FL
43.
Bryan Simpson United States Courthouse
–
The Bryan Simpson United States Courthouse is a courthouse and U. S. federal government facility in Jacksonville, Florida. S. It replaced the old courthouse, which was built in 1933 and had many indoor air quality problems, including illness-inducing mold. The new courthouse comprises 492,000 square feet over 14 floors and it was named after John Milton Bryan Simpson after an act of Congress introduced by Florida U. S. The courthouse was dedicated on August 11,2008. List of tallest buildings in Jacksonville Bryan Simpson United States Courthouse, Jacksonville Division, US District Court for the Middle District of Florida
44.
St. James Building
–
The St. James Building is a historic building in Downtown Jacksonville, Florida, currently housing Jacksonville City Hall. It was designed by architect Henry John Klutho and opened in 1912, one of many structures in downtown Jacksonville designed by Klutho after the Great Fire of 1901, it is considered his masterpiece. The building is located at 117 West Duval Street, on the site of the St. James Hotel. It was designed as a building containing the Cohen Bros. The department store closed in 1987, leaving the building empty, in 1993 it was purchased by the City of Jacksonville under the River City Renaissance plan, with the intention of remodeling it as the new City Hall. On April 18,2012, the American Institute of Architectss Florida Chapter placed the building on its list of Florida Architecture,100 Years, St. James Hotel The original St. James Building was a hotel constructed and owned by investors from Connecticut following the American Civil War. In addition to lodging for 500 guests, it boasted a passenger elevator, the facility included a laundry, barbershop, wine room, telegraph office and reading rooms. Touring orchestras performed concerts for the guests, who included society people, celebrities, at the peak of Jacksonville’s popularity,65,000 people spent the winter in north Florida. The hotel was so prominent that the square across the street. Jacksonvilles Great Fire of 1901 destroyed most of the city, including the original St. James, the owner of the St. James property, J. R. Campbell, wanted to rebuild, but did not have the resources. Jacob and Morris Cohen purchased the St. James property by from the Windsor after agreeing not to build a hotel, Cohen Brothers Department Store In March 1910, Klutho agreed to design a building for the Cohen Brothers department store. Among the proposals sent to the Cohens was a design for a building with four floors. Klutho proposed a mixed use design that would contain small shops on the first floor exterior with the department store in the interior, the third and fourth floors would contain offices for rent. He convinced the brothers that their structure would become the center of commerce for Jacksonville, Klutho not only designed the building, but acted as construction manager using the fast-track method, whereby work begins prior to design completion. The project was finished in less than a year and a half, the structure was named the St. James Building, and it was Kluthos crowning achievement. When dedicated on October 21,1912, it was the largest structure in Jacksonville, the St. James Building was the featured article in The Western Architect and Kluthos work was highlighted throughout the magazine in June 1914. The most striking feature was a 75 ft octagonal glass dome. The elevators were open cages, giving passengers a view of the store, the building exterior was decorated with large abstract terra-cotta ornaments
