The 12.7×108mm cartridge is a 12.7 mm heavy machine gun and anti-materiel rifle cartridge used by the former Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries, including Russia, China, Iran, North Korea, and many others. It was invented in 1934 to create a cartridge like the German 13.2mm TuF anti-tank rifle round and the American .50 Browning Machine Gun round.

This is a list of firearm cartridges which have bullets in the 12 millimetres (0.47 in) to 12.99 millimetres (0.511 in) caliber range.Length refers to the cartridge case length. OAL refers to the overall length of the cartridge. Bullet refers to the diameter of the bullet.