1.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
2.
Missouri
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Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1821. With over six million residents, it is the eighteenth most populous state, the largest urban areas are St. Louis, Kansas City, Springfield, and Columbia. The capitol is in Jefferson City on the Missouri River, the state is the twenty-first most extensive by area and is geographically diverse. The Northern Plains were once covered by glaciers, then tallgrass prairie, in the South are the Ozarks, a forested highland, providing timber, minerals, and recreation. The Mississippi River forms the border of the state, eventually flowing into the swampy Missouri Bootheel. Humans have inhabited the land now known as Missouri for at least 12,000 years, the Mississippian culture built cities and mounds, before declining in the 1300s. When European explorers arrived in the 1600s they encountered the Osage, the French established Louisiana, a part of New France, and founded Ste. Genevieve in 1735 and St. Louis in 1764, after a brief period of Spanish rule, the United States acquired the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Americans from the Upland South, including enslaved African Americans, rushed into the new Missouri Territory, many from Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee settled in the Boonslick area of Mid-Missouri. Soon after, heavy German immigration formed the Missouri Rhineland, Missouri played a central role in the westward expansion of the United States, as memorialized by the Gateway Arch. The Pony Express, Oregon Trail, Santa Fe Trail, as a border state, Missouris role in the American Civil War was complex and there were many conflicts within. After the war, both Greater St. Louis and the Kansas City metropolitan area became centers of industrialization and business, today, the state is divided into 114 counties and the independent city of St. Louis. Missouris culture blends elements from the Midwestern and Southern United States, the musical styles of ragtime, Kansas City jazz, and St. Louis Blues, developed in Missouri. The well-known Kansas City-style barbecue, and lesser known St. Louis-style barbecue can be found across the state, St. Louis is also a major center of beer brewing, Anheuser-Busch is the largest producer in the world. Missouri wine is produced in the nearby Missouri Rhineland and Ozarks, Missouris alcohol laws are among the most permissive in the United States. Outside of the large cities popular tourist destinations include the Lake of the Ozarks, U. S. President Harry S. Truman is from Missouri. Other well known Missourians include Mark Twain, Walt Disney, Chuck Berry, some of the largest companies based in the state include Express Scripts, Monsanto, Emerson Electric, Edward Jones, and OReilly Auto Parts. Missouri has been called the Mother of the West and the Cave State, however, Missouris most famous nickname is the Show Me State, the state is named for the Missouri River, which was named after the indigenous Missouri Indians, a Siouan-language tribe
3.
Missouri National Guard
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The Missouri National Guard is a component of the Missouri Department of Public Safety and the National Guard of the United States. It is composed of Army and Air National Guard units, eric Greitens, Governor of Missouri, is Commander in Chief. The headquarters is in Jefferson City, Missouri, for much of the final decades of the twentieth century, National Guard personnel typically served One weekend a month, two weeks a year, with a portion working for the Guard in a full-time capacity. The current forces formation plans of the US Army call for the typical National Guard unit to one year of active duty for every three years of service. More specifically, current United States Department of Defense policy is that no Guardsman will be activated for a total of more than 24 months in one six-year enlistment period. In December 1989, a contingent of 22 Military Policemen from the 1138th Military Police Company was in Panama on an annual training when Operation Just Cause commenced. The MPs, who specialized in enemy prisoner of war operations, augmented the active duty force at Fort Clayton, taking enemy mortar, while serving in combat, the unit set up and operated the Empire Range EPW camp. They made history by being the first National Guard unit called into service since the Vietnam War. The 1138th was called once again to serve after the Invasion of Kuwait the following year. It was one of the first Guard units placed on alert status in August,1990, the Missouri Guard was the first Enemy Prisoner of War unit to deploy as part of the 400th MP Battalion. Eventually it set up and operated the 301st EPW Camp, near the Saudi Arabian city of Hafar Al-Batin and it returned to a heros welcome back to West Plains, Missouri in May 1991. The 135th Field Artillery Brigade appears to have been disbanded between 2008 and 2011, in 2012, Missouri organized the Missouri Reserve Force to serve as Missouris official state defense force and to augment the Missouri National Guard during stateside missions. 110th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade1st Battalion, 138th Infantry Regiment - Kansas CityCompany A - Kansas City/Boonville Company B - St. Louis Company C - St, among those who have served in the MOGuard is Charles Lindbergh. The Headquarters, Missouri Air National Guard, is the headquarters for all of the Air National Guard units within the State of Missouri. The Missouri Air National Guard is composed of the units, Headquarters. The unit is in an affiliation with the 509th Bomb Wing
4.
World War I
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World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history and it was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved. The war drew in all the worlds great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances, the Allies versus the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary. These alliances were reorganised and expanded as more nations entered the war, Italy, Japan, the trigger for the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by Yugoslav nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. This set off a crisis when Austria-Hungary delivered an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia. Within weeks, the powers were at war and the conflict soon spread around the world. On 25 July Russia began mobilisation and on 28 July, the Austro-Hungarians declared war on Serbia, Germany presented an ultimatum to Russia to demobilise, and when this was refused, declared war on Russia on 1 August. Germany then invaded neutral Belgium and Luxembourg before moving towards France, after the German march on Paris was halted, what became known as the Western Front settled into a battle of attrition, with a trench line that changed little until 1917. On the Eastern Front, the Russian army was successful against the Austro-Hungarians, in November 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers, opening fronts in the Caucasus, Mesopotamia and the Sinai. In 1915, Italy joined the Allies and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers, Romania joined the Allies in 1916, after a stunning German offensive along the Western Front in the spring of 1918, the Allies rallied and drove back the Germans in a series of successful offensives. By the end of the war or soon after, the German Empire, Russian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, national borders were redrawn, with several independent nations restored or created, and Germanys colonies were parceled out among the victors. During the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, the Big Four imposed their terms in a series of treaties, the League of Nations was formed with the aim of preventing any repetition of such a conflict. This effort failed, and economic depression, renewed nationalism, weakened successor states, and feelings of humiliation eventually contributed to World War II. From the time of its start until the approach of World War II, at the time, it was also sometimes called the war to end war or the war to end all wars due to its then-unparalleled scale and devastation. In Canada, Macleans magazine in October 1914 wrote, Some wars name themselves, during the interwar period, the war was most often called the World War and the Great War in English-speaking countries. Will become the first world war in the sense of the word. These began in 1815, with the Holy Alliance between Prussia, Russia, and Austria, when Germany was united in 1871, Prussia became part of the new German nation. Soon after, in October 1873, German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck negotiated the League of the Three Emperors between the monarchs of Austria-Hungary, Russia and Germany
5.
Regiment
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A regiment is a military unit. Their role and size varies markedly, depending on the country, in Medieval Europe, the term regiment denoted any large body of front-line soldiers, recruited or conscripted in one geographical area, by a leader who was often also the feudal lord of the soldiers. By the 17th century, a regiment was usually about a thousand personnel. In many armies, the first role has been assumed by independent battalions, battlegroups, task forces, brigades and other, similarly-sized operational units. By the beginning of the 18th century, regiments in most European continental armies had evolved into permanent units with distinctive titles and uniforms, when at full strength, an infantry regiment normally comprised two field battalions of about 800 men each or 8–10 companies. In some armies, an independent regiment with fewer companies was labelled a demi-regiment, a cavalry regiment numbered 600 to 900 troopers, making up a single entity. With the widespread adoption of conscription in European armies during the nineteenth century, the regimental system underwent modification. Prior to World War I, a regiment in the French, German, Russian. As far as possible, the battalions would be garrisoned in the same military district, so that the regiment could be mobilized. A cavalry regiment by contrast made up an entity of up to 1,000 troopers. Usually, the regiment is responsible for recruiting and administering all of a military career. Depending upon the country, regiments can be either combat units or administrative units or both and this is often contrasted to the continental system adopted by many armies. Generally, divisions are garrisoned together and share the same installations, thus, in divisional administration, soldiers and officers are transferred in and out of divisions as required. Some regiments recruited from specific areas, and usually incorporated the place name into the regimental name. In other cases, regiments would recruit from an age group within a nation. In other cases, new regiments were raised for new functions within an army, e. g. the Fusiliers, the Parachute Regiment, a key aspect of the regimental system is that the regiment or battalion is the fundamental tactical building block. This flows historically from the period, when battalions were widely dispersed and virtually autonomous. For example, a regiment might include different types of battalions of different origins, within the regimental system, soldiers, and usually officers, are always posted to a tactical unit of their own regiment whenever posted to field duty
6.
Field Artillery Branch (United States)
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The Field Artillery Branch of the United States Army was founded on 17 November 1775 by the Continental Congress, which unanimously elected Henry Knox Colonel of the Regiment of Artillery. The regiment formally entered service on 1 January 1776, Artillery of all types was part of the Artillery Corps until 1901, when the Corps was split into battery-sized units, called companies at the time, of Field Artillery and Coast Artillery. In 1907 the Artillery Corps was reorganized into the Field Artillery, although presently Field Artillery and Air Defense Artillery are separate branches, both inherit the traditions of the Artillery branch. The mission of the Field Artillery is to destroy, defeat, the Field Artillery is one of the Armys combat arms, traditionally one of the three major branches. It refers to units that use artillery weapons systems to deliver surface-to-surface long range indirect fire. Indirect fire means that the projectile does not follow the line of sight to the target, mortars are not field artillery weapons, they are organic to infantry units and are manned by infantry personnel. The term field artillery is to distinguish from the Air Defense Artillery, and historically, from the U. S. Army Coast Artillery Corps, a branch which existed from 1901–1950. In 1950, the two branches were unified and called simply Artillery, until Air Defense Artillery was made into a branch in 1968. The insignia of the Field Artillery branch is a pair of crossed field guns in gold, the officially stated mission of the Field Artillery is to destroy, defeat, or disrupt the enemy with integrated fires to enable maneuver commanders to dominate in unified land operations. The home of the Field Artillery and the Field Artillery School are at Fort Sill, Field artillery is called the King of Battle. Conflicts in the 20th century saw artillery become exponentially more effective as indirect fire methods were introduced prior to World War I. During World War I and World War II, field artillery was the single highest casualty-producing weapons system on any battlefield, members of the Field Artillery are referred to as redlegs because during the American Civil War they were distinguished by scarlet stripes down the legs of their uniform pants. The use of colors to distinguish branches of the United States Army dates to 1851, Branch colors are found on the shoulder straps of officers wearing the blue dress uniform and on branch of service scarves authorized for wear with a variety of uniforms. The professional journal of the Field Artillery is published at Fort Sill, known as the Field Artillery Journal in 1911, it went through many name changes through Field Artillery in 1987. The journal merged with Air Defense Artillery in 2007 to become Fires, the United States Marine Corps is currently transitioning from the M198 howitzer to the M777. In 1789 after the Revolution there was one battalion of four companies of artillery. In 1794 a Corps of Artillerists and Engineers was organized, which included the four companies of artillery then in service and had sixteen companies in four battalions, in 1802 there was a reduction of the army. The Artillery were separated from the Engineers and the former formed into one regiment of 20 companies, in 1808 a regiment of ten companies called the Light Artillery was formed
7.
United States Army
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
8.
Battalion
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A battalion is a military unit. The use of the term varies by nationality and branch of service. Typically a battalion consists of 300 to 800 soldiers and is divided into a number of companies, a battalion is typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel. In some countries the word battalion is associated with the infantry, the term was first used in Italian as battaglione no later than the 16th century. It derived from the Italian word for battle, battaglia, the first use of battalion in English was in the 1580s, and the first use to mean part of a regiment is from 1708. The battalion must, of course, have a source of re-supply to enable it to sustain operations for more than a few days, the battalion is usually part of a regiment, brigade, or group, depending on the organizational model used by that service. The bulk of a battalions companies are often homogeneous with respect to type, a battalion includes a headquarters company and some sort of combat service support, typically organized within a combat support company. The term battalion is used in the British Army Infantry and some including the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers. It was formerly used in the Royal Engineers, and was used in the now defunct Royal Army Ordnance Corps. Other corps usually use the term regiment instead, an infantry battalion is numbered ordinarily within its regiment. It normally has a company, support company, and three rifle companies. Each company is commanded by a major, the officer commanding, the HQ company contains signals, quartermaster, catering, intelligence, administration, pay, training, operations and medical elements. The support company usually contains anti-tank, machine gun, mortar, pioneer, mechanised units usually have an attached light aid detachment of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers to perform field repairs on vehicles and equipment. A British battalion in theatre during World War II had around 845 men in it, and, as of 2012, with successive rounds of cutbacks after the war, many infantry regiments were reduced to a single battalion. A battalion group or battlegroup consists of a battalion or armoured regiment with sub-units detached from other military units acting under the command of the battalion commander. In the Canadian Forces, most battalions are reserve units of between 100–200 soldiers that include an operationally ready, field-deployable component of approximately a half-company apiece, the nine regular force infantry battalions each contain three or four rifle companies and one or two support companies. Canadian battalions are generally commanded by lieutenant-colonels, though smaller reserve battalions may be commanded by majors, with the Dutch artillery units, the equivalent of a battalion is called an afdeling. Combat companies consist of infantry, combat engineers, or tanks, in the latter case, the unit is called an eskadron, which translates roughly to squadron
9.
Maryville, Missouri
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Maryville is a city and county seat of Nodaway County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 11,972, Maryville is home to Northwest Missouri State University, Northwest Technical School, and the Missouri Academy of Science, Mathematics and Computing. Maryville is the second largest city wholly within the boundaries of the 1836 Platte Purchase which expanded Missouris borders into former Indian Territory in northwest Missouri, Maryville was platted on September 1,1845. Maryvilles name originates from the towns first postmaster, Amos Graham, Graham was one of the original settlers of what would later become downtown Maryville, and the city was named after his wife, Mary. In addition to his historical role, Graham was also one of the original Nodaway County Commissioners. Maryville, which is near the center of Nodaway County, was also named the county seat in the same year. The first courthouse was built in 1846, formerly, county government affairs would be held in the home of an early settler, I. N. An updated courthouse was constructed in 1853, the second of three in the citys history. The current courthouse was built in 1881 with a design by Edmond Jacques Eckel, Mann would later go on to design the Arkansas State Capitol. The courthouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is adorned with a sculpture of a pineapple. The original court complex included one of the only rotary jails. The jail was torn down in 1984 and replaced with a new structure on the same site, when the Kansas City, St. Joseph, and Council Bluffs Railroad arrived. The Wabash Railroad arrived in 1879, both railroads no longer operate in the city and no railroads are operate anywhere in Nodaway County. In 1872 Albert P. Morehouse started the Nodaway Democrat, which became the Maryville Daily Forum and he lived in a house on Vine Street. Coincidentally, the house would later be occupied by Forrest C, Donnell before Donnell became a governor and U. S. Senator. The Forum was a newspaper for nearly 100 years and in 2013 it reverted to local ownership by the Cobb Group. In 1889 the Maryville Methodist Seminary opened, in 1891 Elizabeth Howell contributed to the development of the Lazy Susan when she received an American patent for certain new and useful Improvements in Self-Waiting Tables. Howells device ran more smoothly and did not permit crumbs to fall into the space between the Lazy Susan and the table, in 1894 Mary Augustine Giesen moved to Maryville and opened St. Francis Hospital
10.
Albany, Missouri
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Albany is a city and county seat of Gentry County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,730 at the 2010 census, Albany was originally called Athens, and under the latter name was platted in 1845. The present name is a transfer from Albany, New York, a post office called Albany has been in operation since 1857. The Albany Carnegie Public Library, Gentry County Courthouse, and Samuel, Albany is located at 40°14′53″N 94°19′51″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 2.44 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,730 people,753 households, the population density was 709.0 inhabitants per square mile. There were 880 housing units at a density of 360.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 98. 2% White,0. 5% African American,0. 3% Native American,0. 5% Asian,0. 2% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 6% of the population. 35. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 18. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.87. The median age in the city was 44.1 years. 21. 6% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 3% were between the ages of 18 and 24,22. 1% were from 25 to 44, 26% were from 45 to 64, and 22. 9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 45. 8% male and 54. 2% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 1,937 people,858 households, and 515 families residing in the city. The population density was 790.6 people per square mile, there were 948 housing units at an average density of 386.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 99. 07% White,0. 05% African American,0. 21% Native American,0. 10% Asian,0. 05% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 31% of the population. 37. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 23. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.87. In the city the population was out with 22. 2% under the age of 18,7. 3% from 18 to 24,22. 7% from 25 to 44,22. 3% from 45 to 64. The median age was 44 years, for every 100 females there were 88.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.5 males, the median income for a household in the city was $25,912, and the median income for a family was $36,042
11.
Independence, Missouri
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Independence is the fifth-largest city in the state of Missouri. It lies within Jackson County, of which it is the county seat, Independence is a satellite city of Kansas City, Missouri, and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. In 2010, it had a population of 116,830. Independence is known as the Queen City of the Trails because it was a point of departure for the California, Oregon and Santa Fe Trails. Independence was also the hometown of U. S. President Harry S. Truman, the Truman Presidential Library and Museum is located in the city, and Truman and First Lady Bess Truman are buried here. The city is also sacred to many Latter Day Saints, with Joseph Smiths 1831 Temple Lot being located here, Independence was originally inhabited by Missouri and Osage Indians, followed by the Spanish and a brief French tenure. It became part of the United States with the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, Lewis and Clark recorded in their journals that they stopped in 1804 to pick plums, raspberries, and wild apples at a site that would later form part of the city. Named after the Declaration of Independence, Independence was founded on March 29,1827, Independence immediately became a jumping-off point for the emerging fur trade, accommodating merchants and adventurers beginning the long trek westward on the Santa Fe Trail. In 1831, members of the Latter Day Saint movement began moving to the Jackson County, Missouri area. Shortly thereafter, founder Joseph Smith declared a spot west of the Courthouse Square to be the place for his temple of the New Jerusalem. Tension grew with local Missourians until the Latter Day Saints were driven from the area in 1833, several branches of this movement gradually returned to the city beginning in 1867, with many making their headquarters there. These include the Community of Christ, the Church of Christ, the Church of Jesus Christ, Independence saw great prosperity from the late 1830s through the mid-1840s, while the business of outfitting pioneers boomed. Between 1848 and 1868, it was a hub of the California Trail, on March 8,1849, the Missouri General Assembly granted a home-rule charter to the town and on July 18,1849, William McCoy was elected as its first mayor. In the mid-19th century an Act of the United States Congress defined Independence as the start of the Oregon Trail. The war took its toll on Independence and the town was never able to regain its previous prosperity, United States President Harry S. Truman grew up in Independence, and in 1922 was elected judge of the county Court of Jackson County, Missouri. Although he was defeated for reelection in 1924, he won back the office in 1926 and was reelected in 1930 and he would later return to the city after two terms as President. His wife, First Lady Bess Truman, was born and raised in Independence, the Harry S. Truman National Historic Site and the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum are both located in Independence, as is one of Trumans boyhood residences. Independence is located at 39°4′47″N 94°24′24″W and it lies on the south bank of the Missouri River, near the western edge of the state
12.
Chillicothe, Missouri
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Chillicothe is a city in and the county seat of Livingston County, Missouri, United States. The population was 9,515 at the 2010 census, the name Chillicothe is Shawnee for big town, and was named after their Chillicothe, located since 1774 about a mile from the present-day city. This territory was settled by indigenous peoples of the Americas. The Osage and Missouri were in the territory at the time of earliest European contact, by 1800 the Shawnee and Iowa had migrated here. The Shawnee came from the Ohio Country, where they had been under pressure before the American Revolution from aggressive Iroquois, displacing the Osage, the Shawnee had a major village known as Chillicothe about a mile from the present-day city. Chillicothe was also the name of a band of the tribe. Other Native American tribes in the area were the Sac and Fox, in the early 19th century, European-American migration to Missouri increased. The original survey of Chillicothe by United States citizens was filed for record August 31,1837, Chillicothe was incorporated as a city by an act of the General Assembly, approved March 1,1855. It was selected as the County seat by commissioners and the first term of the county court began on May 7,1838. Prior to completion of the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad in 1859, the building materials being hewed and sawed from the oak and walnut timber surrounding the town, as timber originally covered the site. The railroad gave an impetus for town improvements, soon two and three-story brick business buildings were constructed in place of the former frame structures. From 1865 to 1870, the city improved rapidly, then a lull lasted until 1875, from that time on Chillicothe made a slow, steady growth up to 1886, when the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad was built through here. That year also saw the introduction of the Water Works and electric lights, the city continued to modernize in the early 20th century. The Missouri Training School for Girls was correctional facility of the Missouri Division of Youth Services, in 1956 it received all of the black girls after the Missouri Training School for Negro Girls in Tipton closed. Chillicothe is located at 39°47′35″N 93°33′07″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.03 square miles, of which 7.02 square miles is land and 0.01 square miles is water. Chillicothe lies near the Grand River, the city is crossed by U. S. Route 36, U. S. Route 65 and Missouri Route 190. As of the census of 2010, there were 9,515 people,3,612 households, the population density was 1,355.4 inhabitants per square mile. There were 4,108 housing units at a density of 585.2 per square mile
13.
National Guard of the United States
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All members of the National Guard of the United States are also members of the militia of the United States as defined by 10 U. S. C. National Guard units are under the control of the state. The majority of National Guard soldiers and airmen hold a civilian job full-time while serving part-time as a National Guard member, local militias were formed from the earliest English colonization of the Americas in 1607. The first colony-wide militia was formed by Massachusetts in 1636 by merging small older local units, the various colonial militias became state militias when the United States became independent. The title National Guard was used from 1824 by some New York State militia units, National Guard became a standard nationwide militia title in 1903, and specifically indicated reserve forces under mixed state and federal control from 1933. The first muster of militia forces in what is today the United States took place on September 16,1565, appropriately enough, this muster occurred in the shadow of an oncoming hurricane. This Spanish militia tradition and the English tradition that would be established to the north would provide the nucleus for Colonial defense in the New World. The militia tradition continued with the first permanent English settlements in the New World, Jamestown Colony and Plymouth Colony both had militia forces, which initially consisted of every able bodied adult male. By the mid-1600s every town had at least one militia company, as a result of the Spanish–American War, Congress was called upon to reform and regulate the training and qualification of state militias. The first national laws regulating the militia were the Militia acts of 1792, in 1903, with passage of the Dick Act, the predecessor to the modern-day National Guard was formed. It required the states to divide their militias into two sections, the law recommended the title National Guard for the first section, known as the organized militia, and Reserve Militia for all others. During World War I, Congress passed the National Defense Act of 1916, Congress also authorized the states to maintain Home Guards, which were reserve forces outside the National Guards being deployed by the Federal Government. The National Guard of the states, territories, and the District of Columbia serves as part of the first-line of defense for the United States. C. Where the National Guard operates under the President of the United States or his designee, the governors exercise control through the state adjutants general. The National Guard may be called up for duty by the governors to help respond to domestic emergencies and disasters, such as hurricanes, floods. The National Guard is administered by the National Guard Bureau, which is a joint activity of the Army, the National Guard Bureau provides a communication channel for state National Guards to the DoD. S. C. The National Guard Bureau is headed by the Chief of the National Guard Bureau, prior to 2008, the functions of Agricultural Development Teams were within Provincial Reconstruction Teams of the US Government. Today, ADTs consist of soldiers and airmen from the Army National Guard, today, ADTs bring an effective platform for enhanced dialogue, building confidence, sharing interests, and increasing cooperation amongst the disparate peoples and tribes of Afghanistan
14.
Manhattan, Kansas
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Manhattan is a city in northeastern Kansas in the United States at the junction of the Kansas River and Big Blue River. It is the county seat of Riley County, although it extends into Pottawatomie County, as of the 2010 census, the city population was 52,281. The city was founded by settlers from the New England Emigrant Aid Company as a Free-State town in the 1850s, during the Bleeding Kansas era. Nicknamed The Little Apple as a play on New York Citys Big Apple, Manhattan Regional Airport is the second-busiest commercial airport in Kansas. Eight miles west of the city is Fort Riley, a United States Army post, before settlement by European-Americans in the 1850s, the land where Manhattan sits was home to Native American tribes. Most recently, from 1780 to 1830 it was home to the Kaw people, the Kaw settlement was called Blue Earth Village. It was named after the river the tribe called the Great Blue Earth River – today known as the Big Blue River – which intersected with the Kansas River by their village, Blue Earth Village was the site of a large battle between the Kaw and the Pawnee in 1812. The Kaw tribe ceded ownership of land in a treaty signed at the Shawnee Methodist Mission on January 14,1846. The Kansas–Nebraska Act opened the territory to settlement by U. S. citizens in 1854 and that fall, George S. Park founded the first Euro-American settlement within the borders of the current Manhattan. Later that same year, Samuel D. Houston and three other pioneers founded Canton, a community near the mouth of the Big Blue River. Neither Canton nor Polistra ever grew beyond their original founders, in March 1855, a group of New England Free-Staters traveled to Kansas Territory under the auspices of the New England Emigrant Aid Company to found a Free-State town. Led by Isaac Goodnow, the first members of the selected the location of the Polistra. Soon after the New Englanders arrived at the site, in April 1855, they agreed to join Canton and they were soon joined by dozens more New Englanders, including Goodnows brother-in-law Joseph Denison. In June 1855, the paddle steamer Hartford, carrying 75 settlers from Ohio, the Ohio settlers, who were members of the Cincinnati-Manhattan Company, had been headed twenty miles further upstream to the headwaters of the Kansas River, the location today of Junction City. After realizing they were stranded, the Hartford passengers accepted an invitation to join the new town, but insisted that it be renamed Manhattan, Manhattan was incorporated on May 30,1857. Early Manhattan settlers sometimes found themselves in conflict with Native Americans, Manhattan was staunchly Free-State, and it elected the only two Free-State legislators to the first Territorial Legislature, commonly called the Bogus Legislature. However, nearby Fort Riley protected the settlement from the violence visited upon other Free-State towns during the Bleeding Kansas era. This allowed the town to develop relatively quickly, on January 30,1858, Territorial Governor James W. Denver signed an act naming Manhattan as county seat for Riley County
15.
Artillery battery
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The term is also used in a naval context to describe groups of guns on warships. Historically the term referred to a cluster of cannon in action as a group. Such batteries could be a mixture of cannon, howitzer, or mortar types, a siege could involve many batteries at different sites around the besieged place. The term also came to be used for a group of cannon in a fixed fortification and they were usually organised with between six and 12 ordnance pieces, often including cannon and howitzers. By the late 19th century battery had become standard mostly replacing company or troop, in the 20th century the term was generally used for the company level sub-unit of an artillery branch including field, air-defence, anti-tank and position. 20th-century firing batteries have been equipped with mortars, guns, howitzers, rockets, during the Napoleonic Wars some armies started grouping their batteries into larger administrative and field units. Groups of batteries combined for field combat employment called Grand Batteries by Napoleon, administratively batteries were usually grouped in battalions, regiments or squadrons and these developed into tactical organisations. These were further grouped into regiments, simply group or brigades, to further concentrate fire of individual batteries, from World War I they were grouped into artillery divisions in a few armies. Coastal artillery sometimes had completely different organizational terms based on shore defence sector areas, the rank of a battery commander has also varied, but is usually a lieutenant, captain, or major. The number of guns, howitzers, mortars or launchers in a battery has also varied. In the 19th century four to 12 guns was usual as the number to maneuver into the gun line. By late 19th century the artillery battery was divided into a gun line. The gun line consisted of six guns and 12 ammunition mules, during the American Civil War, artillery batteries often consisted of six field pieces for the Union Army and four for the Confederate States Army, although this varied. Batteries were divided into sections of two guns apiece, each section normally under the command of a lieutenant, the full battery was typically commanded by a captain. Often, particularly as the war progressed, individual batteries were grouped into battalions under a major or colonel of artillery, in the 20th century it varied between four and 12 for field artillery, or even two pieces for very heavy pieces. Other types of such as anti-tank or anti-aircraft have sometimes been larger. Some batteries have been dual-equipped with two different types of gun or mortar, and taking whichever was more appropriate when they deployed for operations, from the late 19th century field artillery batteries started to become more complex organisations. Fixed artillery refers to guns or howitzers on mounts that were anchored in one spot, or on carriages intended to be moved only for the purposes of aiming
16.
Captain (armed forces)
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The army rank of captain is a commissioned officer rank historically corresponding to the command of a company of soldiers. The rank is used by some air forces and marine forces. Today, a captain is typically either the commander or second-in-command of a company or artillery battery, in the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army, a captain may also command a company, or be the second-in-command of a battalion. In NATO countries, the rank of captain is described by the code OF-2 and is one rank above an OF-1, the rank of captain is generally considered to be the highest rank a soldier can achieve while remaining in the field. The rank of captain should not be confused with the rank of captain or with the British-influenced air force rank of group captain. The term ultimately goes back to Late Latin capitaneus meaning chief, prominent, in Middle English adopted as capitayn in the 14th century, the military rank of captain was in use from the 1560s, referring to an officer who commands a company. The naval sense, an officer who commands a man-of-war, is earlier, from the 1550s. He would in turn receive money from another nobleman to serve as his lieutenant, the funding to provide for the troops came from the monarch or his government, the captain had to be responsible for it. If he was not, or was otherwise court-martialed, he would be dismissed, otherwise, the only pension for the captain was selling the right to another nobleman when he was ready to retire. In most countries, the air force is the junior service, many, such as the United States Air Force, use a rank structure and insignia similar to those of the army. However, the United Kingdoms Royal Air Force, many other Commonwealth air forces, a group captain is OF-5 and was derived from the naval rank of captain. In the unified system of the Canadian Forces, the air force rank titles are pearl grey, a variety of images illustrative of different forces insignia for captain are shown below, Captain Captain Senior captain Staff captain
17.
Harry S. Truman
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Harry S. Truman was an American politician who served as the 33rd President of the United States, assuming the office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt during the waning months of World War II. In domestic affairs, he was a moderate Democrat whose liberal proposals were a continuation of Franklin Roosevelts New Deal, but the conservative-dominated Congress blocked most of them. He also used weapons to end World War II, desegregated the U. S. armed forces, supported a newly independent Israel. Truman was born in Lamar, Missouri, and spent most of his youth on his familys 600-acre farm near Independence, in the last months of World War I, he served in combat in France as an artillery officer with his National Guard unit. After the war, he owned a haberdashery in Kansas City, Missouri, and joined the Democratic Party. Truman was first elected to office as a county official in 1922. After serving as a United States Senator from Missouri and briefly as Vice President, he succeeded to the presidency on April 12,1945, upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Germany surrendered on Trumans 61st birthday, just a few weeks after he assumed the presidency, but the war with Imperial Japan raged on and was expected to last at least another year. Although this decision and the issues that arose as a result of it remain the subject of debate to this day. Truman presided over a surge in economic prosperity as America sought readjustment after long years of depression. His presidency was a point in foreign affairs, as the United States engaged in an internationalist foreign policy. Truman helped found the United Nations in 1945, issued the Truman Doctrine in 1947 to contain Communism and his political coalition was based on the white South, labor unions, farmers, ethnic groups, and traditional Democrats across the North. Truman was able to rally groups of supporters during the 1948 presidential election. The Soviet Union became an enemy in the Cold War, Truman oversaw the Berlin Airlift of 1948 and the creation of NATO in 1949, but was unable to stop Communists from taking over China. When communist North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950, he sent U. S. troops, after initial successes in Korea, however, the UN forces were thrown back by Chinese intervention, and the conflict was stalemated throughout the final years of Trumans presidency. Scholars, starting in 1962, ranked Trumans presidency as near great, Harry S. Truman was born on May 8,1884, in Lamar, Missouri, the oldest child of John Anderson Truman and Martha Ellen Young Truman. His parents chose the name Harry after his mothers brother, Harrison Harry Young, while the S did not stand for any one name, it was chosen as his middle initial to honor both of his grandfathers, Anderson Shipp Truman and Solomon Young. The initial has been written and printed followed by a period
18.
President of the United States
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The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is considered to be one of the worlds most powerful political figures, the role includes being the commander-in-chief of the worlds most expensive military with the second largest nuclear arsenal and leading the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP. The office of President holds significant hard and soft power both in the United States and abroad, Constitution vests the executive power of the United States in the president. The president is empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves. The president is responsible for dictating the legislative agenda of the party to which the president is a member. The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the United States, since the office of President was established in 1789, its power has grown substantially, as has the power of the federal government as a whole. However, nine vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having elected to the office. The Twenty-second Amendment prohibits anyone from being elected president for a third term, in all,44 individuals have served 45 presidencies spanning 57 full four-year terms. On January 20,2017, Donald Trump was sworn in as the 45th, in 1776, the Thirteen Colonies, acting through the Second Continental Congress, declared political independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution. The new states, though independent of each other as nation states, desiring to avoid anything that remotely resembled a monarchy, Congress negotiated the Articles of Confederation to establish a weak alliance between the states. Out from under any monarchy, the states assigned some formerly royal prerogatives to Congress, only after all the states agreed to a resolution settling competing western land claims did the Articles take effect on March 1,1781, when Maryland became the final state to ratify them. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris secured independence for each of the former colonies, with peace at hand, the states each turned toward their own internal affairs. Prospects for the convention appeared bleak until James Madison and Edmund Randolph succeeded in securing George Washingtons attendance to Philadelphia as a delegate for Virginia. It was through the negotiations at Philadelphia that the presidency framed in the U. S. The first power the Constitution confers upon the president is the veto, the Presentment Clause requires any bill passed by Congress to be presented to the president before it can become law. Once the legislation has been presented, the president has three options, Sign the legislation, the bill becomes law. Veto the legislation and return it to Congress, expressing any objections, in this instance, the president neither signs nor vetoes the legislation
19.
United States Army Institute of Heraldry
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The United States Army Institute of Heraldry, also known as The Institute of Heraldry, furnishes heraldic services to the U. S. Armed Forces and other U. S. government organizations, including the Executive Office of the President, limited research and information services concerning official symbolic items are also provided to the general public. The Institute of Heraldry is located at Fort Belvoir, an installation within the metropolitan area of Washington. The staff consists of thirty-two civilians, Heraldic and other military symbols have been used by the U. S. Armed Forces and government agencies since the beginning of the American Revolution. S, in 1924, formal staff responsibility for specific military designs was delegated to the Quartermaster General. As the needs for symbolism by the services and the national government expanded. The expansion of the Army during World War II, and the subsequent increased interest in symbolism and it was further expanded by Pub. L. 85–263, approved September 1957,71 Stat,89, which delineated the authority of the Secretary of the Army to furnish heraldic services to the military departments and other branches of the federal government. On 1960-08-10, Army General Order Number 29 placed the U. S. Army Institute of Heraldry under the control of the Quartermaster General. The Army Adjutant General’s office assumed responsibility of the institute in 1962, in 1987, another realignment subordinated the Institute to the U. S. In April 1994, the Institute of Heraldry moved from Cameron Station to Fort Belvoir, in October 2004, another realignment assigned responsibility for the Heraldic Program to Office of the Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army, part of the United States Army. Approve designs for distinctive unit insignia, Regimental Distinctive Insignia, and shoulder sleeve insignia, authorize heraldic items for U. S. Army Organizations. Authorize the use of Army insignia when incorporated into items for commercial sale, design and develop insignia seals, medals, badges, band regalia and flags. Establish Army policy for flag design and display, monitor the Heraldic Quality Control System in accordance with Army Regulation 672-8, to ensure heraldic items are manufactured according to government specifications or purchase descriptions. Prepare heraldic item specifications and provide engineering support to manufacturers, provide manufacturers with government-loaned tools and specifications for heraldic items. Blazon, Or a chevron Gules, on a chief Sable a label of the first, blazon, On a wreath Or and Gules, a griffin salient of the first. The griffin, a fabulous animal half eagle and half lion, is symbolic of wisdom, the role of the griffin as guardian of treasure is symbolic of the institutes singular responsibility to safeguard the heraldic art of the federal government. The eagle also alludes to the United States and the lion to Great Britain, dexter, The large white star edged with blue symbolizes all the States, which comprise the United States, and was suggested by the union of the United States Flag
20.
4th Air Defense Artillery Regiment
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Constituted 1 June 1821 in the Regular Army as the 4th Regiment of Artillery and organized from new and existing units with headquarters at Pensacola, Florida. B Battery, 4th Artillery was part of the Union Armys crack Iron Brigade in the Army of the Potomac during the Civil War. As a result of reductions in military appropriations, the following reductions and increases in the force levels affected this regiment. The Regiment was disbanded 3 October 1944 in the Canal Zone, the remainder of the regimental assets were used to organize the 4th Coast Artillery Battalion. The 4th Artillery Regiment was again reorganized and redesignated 1 September 1971 as the 4th Air Defense Artillery, withdrawn 13 September 1986 from the Combat Arms Regimental System and reorganized under the United States Army Regimental System. Arrived in North Africa on 21 February 1943, and landed on Sicily during August 1943, reconstituted 28 June 1950 in the Regular Army Constituted 16 December 1940 in the Regular Army as the 95th Coast Artillery Regiment. Regiment reorganized and redesignated 12 December 1943 as follows, 1/95th CAR became the 93rd AAA Gun Battalion, 2/95th CAR became the 752nd AAA Gun Battalion, thereafter separate lineage. 3/95th CAR became the 866th Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion, Battalion arrived on the Philippines on 20 October 1944. Battalion arrived on Okinawa on 26 April 1945, where it remained into the Occupation period and they have transitioned from SHORAD to a mixed Patriot and Avenger Battalion. S. Artillery Regimental Brass Band exits that depicts the band during the Civil War. Coats of arms of U. S. Air Defense Artillery Regiments 4th U. S, light Artillery, Battery H 4th U. S. Light Artillery, Battery I 4th U. S, light Artillery, Battery K 4th U. S. Light Artillery, Battery M List of United States Regular Army Civil War units Stanton, Shelby L
21.
5th Air Defense Artillery Regiment
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The 5th Air Defense Artillery Regiment is an air defense artillery regiment of the United States Army first formed in 1861 as the 5th Regiment of Artillery. On 4 May 1861, in conformity with the proclamation of the President, congress confirmed this act of the President,12 July of the same year, but all appointments dated from 14 May. Four companies were assigned to Fort Jefferson, Florida on 10 Nov.1865, differing in organization from the older regiments, the new one comprised only field batteries, being in this regard the first entire regiment so equipped in the Regular Army. But it must not be inferred that the Fifth was designated by law as a artillery regiment. Nowhere in the act of 29 July do the words field or light artillery occur, nevertheless, Regiment activated 19 April 1944 at Camp Rucker, Alabama, disbanded 26 June 1944. 2nd Battalion consolidated with the 214th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion and consolidated unit redesignated as the 24th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, inactivated 26 August 1960 at Camp Hanford, Washington. 24th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion redesignated 13 March 1952 as the 24th Antiaircraft Gun Battalion, activated 16 April 1952 in Korea. Redesignated 23 May 1955 as the 24th Antiaircraft Artillery Missile Battalion, activated 1 June 1955 at Fort Banks, Massachusetts. Inactive 1 September 1958 at Bedford, Massachusetts, 5th Artillery reorganized and redesignated 1 September 1971 as the 5th Air Defense Artillery, a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System. Withdrawn 16 November 1988 from the /combat Arms Regimental system and reorganized under the United States Army Regimental system with headquarters at Fort Stewart, Army Coast Artillery Corps Coats of arms of U. S. Air Defense Artillery Regiments Coats of arms of U. S. Light Artillery, Battery H 5th U. S, volume 1 By Francis Bernard Heitman http, //www. history. army. mil/books/R&H/R&H-5Art. htm
22.
7th Air Defense Artillery Regiment
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The 7th Air Defense Artillery Regiment is an air defense artillery regiment of the United States Army first formed in 1898 as the 7th Regiment of Artillery. The 7th Air Defense Artillery Regiment traces its antecedents to 8 March 1898 in the Regular Army as Battery A and it was organized on 29 March 1898 at Fort Slocum, New York. The Battery was reorganized and redesignated on 13 February 1901 as the 72nd Company and it was redesignated on 2 February 1907 as the 72nd Company, Coast Artillery Corps. The company was reorganized and redesignated in July 1916 as the 1st Company, Fort Screven, Georgia and on 31 August 1917 as the 1st Company, Coast Defenses of Savannah. The company was reorganized and redesignated on 1 June 1922 as the 72nd Company, Coast Artillery Corps and on 1 July 1924 as Battery A and it was inactivated on 7 April 1930 at Fort Hancock, New Jersey. The company was reactivated on 1 July 1939 at Fort Hancock, New Jersey, the regiments HHB was transferred to Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri on 15 March 1944 and was inactivated there on 7 April 1944, before being disbanded entirely on 14 June 1944. The company was reconstituted on 28 June 1950 in the Regular Army and concurrently consolidated with the lineage and honors of Battery A, 126th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion. It was reorganized and redesignated on 28 June 1943 as Battery A, 126th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion and inactivated on 3 January 1946 at Camp Patrick Henry, the consolidated unit was redesignated as Battery A, 7th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion. The consolidated unit carried honors for participation in 6 campaigns during the Second World War, Normandy, Northern France, Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, Central Europe, and England 1944. The unit was redesignated on 13 December 1951 as Battery A, 7th Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion and activated on 20 December 1951 at Camp Edwards, the unit was redesignated on 30 June 1955 as Battery A, 7th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion. It was inactivated on 1 September 1958 in Germany, the unit was concurrently consolidated with Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 1st Howitzer Battalion, 7th Artillery, which had been first organized in 1916. The consolidated unit designated as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 1st Howitzer Battalion, 7th Artillery, the Battalions organic elements were constituted on 8 February 1957 and activated on 15 February 1957. 1st Battalion, 7th Air Defense Artillery was activated on 13 September 1972 at Fort Bliss, the Battalion was reactivated on 16 December 1988 in Germany. On 21 December 1998, Headquarters US Army Europe announced plans to realign its air defense units to comply with the Armys Patriot Standardization Plan. The 1-7th Air Defense Artillery, with its Headquarters and Headquarters Battery and B and C Batteries subsequently moved from Rhine Ordnance Barracks, Kaiserslautern, Germany, to Fort Bliss, there it joined the 108th Air Defense Artillery Brigade. In June 2006, the Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 108th Air Defense Artillery Brigade and 1-7th Air Defense Artillery moved to Fort Bragg, the insignia is worn in pairs. Symbolism The panther is taken from the coat of arms of the Coast Defenses of Sandy Hook where the Regiment was organized on 1 July 1924. The motto translates to “He Fears No Encounter. ”Background The distinctive unit insignia was approved for the 7th Coast Artillery Regiment on 31 July 1924
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43rd Air Defense Artillery Regiment
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The 43rd Air Defense Artillery Regiment is an air defense artillery regiment of the United States Army first constituted 1918 in the Regular Army. Attached above a wreath Or and Gules, an épi Or around and behind a French locomotive affronté Gules, attached below the shield a Gold scroll inscribed “SUSTINEMUS” in Black letters. Symbolism The shield is red for Artillery, the bend is taken from the arms of Lorraine, which is gold with three golden alerions on a red bend, with the colors reversed. The three oozlefinches are used instead of the alerions, the green oozlefinch was the device on the shoulder patch worn by the railway artillery reserve in France, of which this Regiment was a unit. The locomotive and épi show the character of the Regiment, the motto translates to “We Support” and alludes to the mission of railway artillery. Background The distinctive unit insignia was approved for the 43d Coast Artillery Regiment on 1 February 1937. It was redesignated for the 43d Artillery Regiment on 13 January 1959, the insignia was redesignated for the 43d Air Defense Artillery Regiment effective 1 September 1971. It was amended to correct the symbolism on 17 November 1983, shield Gules, on a bend Or three oozlefinches Vert. Crest On a wreath of the colors, Or and Gules, shield The shield is red for Artillery. The bend is taken from the arms of Lorraine, which is gold with three golden alerions on a red bend, with the colors reversed, the three oozlefinches are used instead of the alerions. The green oozlefinch was the device on the patch worn by the railway artillery reserve in France. Crest The locomotive and épi show the character of the Regiment, the coat of arms was originally approved for the 43d Coast Artillery Regiment on 2 March 1929. It was redesignated for the 43d Artillery Regiment on 13 January 1959, the insignia was redesignated for the 43d Air Defense Artillery Regiment effective 1 September 1971. It was amended to correct the blazon and symbolism on 17 November 1983, 1st Battalion 43rd Air Defense Artillery Regiment 2nd Battalion 43rd Air Defense Artillery Regiment 3rd Battalion 43rd Air Defense Artillery Regiment World War I, St. S. Army Coast Artillery Corps Coats of arms of U. S. Air Defense Artillery Regiments Coats of arms of U. S, Artillery Regiments This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Army Institute of Heraldry document 43rd Air Defense Artillery Regiment. Historical register and dictionary of the United States Army, from
24.
44th Air Defense Artillery Regiment
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The 44th Air Defense Artillery Regiment is an Air Defense Artillery regiment of the United States Army first Constituted 1918 in the Regular Army. 16 March 1988 is when the Battalion was activated at Fort Campbell, the 2nd Battalion, 44th Air Defense Artillery, was for a long period the divisional air defense battalion for the 101st Airborne Division, but now appears to have taken up the C-RAM role. The battalion is separated from the units of the brigade. The 2nd Missile Battalion, 44th Artillery Regiment was the first Pershing missile battalion in June 1962 under the 1st Field Artillery Missile Brigade at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Lt. Col. Patrick W. Powers took command on 13 October 1962, receiving the colors from Dr. Finn J. Larsen, on 1 September 1971 the 2/44th was deactivated and reformed as the 3rd Battalion, 9th Field Artillery Regiment. September 1952, Lt. Col. Patrick William Powers Col. James E. Convey Description A gold color metal and enamel device 1 1⁄8 inches consisting shield, crest and motto of the coat of arms. Symbolism The shield is red for Artillery with a gold bend from the arms of Lorraine, the units of this organization changed designation five times from 1917 to 1918. They were part of the 6th and 7th Provisional Regiment, C. A. C, part of the 51st and 52nd Artillery, C. A. C. and were organized as a unit called the Howitzer Regiment, 30th Artillery Brigade, C. A. C. Later designated the 81st Artillery, C. A. C. and changed to the 44th Artillery, the variegated chameleon alludes to this fact. Background The distinctive unit insignia was approved for the 44th Coast Artillery Regiment on 1 February 1937. It was redesignated for the 54th Coast Artillery Regiment on 13 March 1941, the insignia was redesignated for the 54th Armored Field Artillery Battalion on 22 July 1954. It was redesignated for the 44th Artillery Regiment on 31 December 1958, effective 1 September 1971, the insignia was redesignated for the 44th Air Defense Artillery Regiment. Shield Gules, a bend double cottised potenté counterpotenté Or, crest On a wreath of the colors Or and Gules, a double quatrefoil Or charged with a chameleon displayed paleways barry of four Gules and Vert. Shield The shield is red for Artillery with a gold bend from the arms of Lorraine, crest The units of this organization changed designation five times from 1917 to 1918. They were part of the 6th and 7th Provisional Regiment, C. A. C, part of the 51st and 52nd Artillery, C. A. C. and were organized as a unit called the Howitzer Regiment, 30th Artillery Brigade, C. A. C. Later designated the 81st Artillery, C. A. C. and changed to the 44th Artillery, the variegated chameleon alludes to this fact. The coat of arms was approved for the 44th Coast Artillery Regiment on 2 March 1929. It was amended to correct the blazon of the shield on 23 May 1936 and it was redesignated for the 54th Coast Artillery Regiment on 11 March 1941
25.
51st Coast Artillery Regiment
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The 51st Coast Artillery Regiment was a Coast Artillery regiment in the United States Army. Battery C 56th Artillery redesignated as 2nd Battalion HHD&CT 51st Artillery on 1 August 1921, on 22 October 1921 51st Artillery reassigned to Camp Eustis, VA. On 1 July 1924 51st Artillery, CAC, redesignated as 51st Coast Artillery Regiment, 51st Coast Artillery reassigned to Fort Monroe on 8 May 1931. 1st Battalion reassigned to Camp Buchanan, San Juan, PR. on 20 October 1939, 51st Coast Artillery Regiment Redesignated 51st Coast artillery Regiment on 8 March 1942, and 2nd Battalion authorized. 2nd Battalion HHB, Battery C, and 3rd platoon Battery G activated at Borinquen Army Airfield on 16 March 1942 Battery D 2nd Battalion activated at Borinquen Airfield 1 May 1942. HHB 1st Battalion, Battery B and Battery G reassigned to Port of Spain, Trinadad on 8 December 1943 followed by 2nd Battalion HHB, and Batteries A, C, and D. On 1 June 1944 the regiment is broken up into Battalions as Follows- 1st Battalion reorganized and redesignated as 51st Coast Artillery Battalion, 2nd Battalion reorganized and redesignated as 52nd Coast Artillery Battalion. HHB 51st CA redesignated as the 145th Coast Artillery Group, on 28 February 1946 51st and 52nd Coast artillery Battalions deactivated and disbanded. Description A Gold color metal and enamel device 1 1/4 inches in height consisting of a shield blazoned. Symbolism The field of the shield is red, the Artillery color, service in Lorraine is shown by the bend, a distinctive feature of the Lorraine arms, “Or, a bend Gules, ” reversing the tinctures. The caterpillar on the bend symbolizes the tractor, background The distinctive unit insignia was approved on 16 March 1922. Shield Gules, on a bend Or a caterpillar passant Vert, crest On a wreath of the colors Or and Gules, a lion’s face Gules jessant-de-lis Or. Shield The field of the shield is red, the Artillery color, service in Lorraine is shown by the bend, a distinctive feature of the Lorraine arms, “Or, a bend Gules, ” reversing the tinctures. The caterpillar on the bend symbolizes the tractor, the coat of arms was approved on 5 February 1920. Unknown unknown Coats of arms of U. S. Air Defense Artillery Regiments Coats of arms of U. S, kuhn This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Army Institute of Heraldry document 51st coast artillery Regiment. Historical register and dictionary of the United States Army, from, volume 1 By Francis Bernard Heitman Encyclopedia of United States Army insignia and uniforms By William K. Emerson
26.
52nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment
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The 52nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment is an air defense artillery regiment of the United States Army first organized in 1917 as a railway gun unit. It continued in that role unit 1943, when the regiment was broken in separate railway gun battalions, the south Florida units arrived with conventional high explosive warheads. In August 1963, the Army assigned the troops under the control of the 13th Artillery Group to the 53rd Artillery Brigade, the soldiers could now go off TDY status and bring their families, cars, and personal effects to south Florida. They could also move into more permanent living facilities and get access to amenities available at permanent installations, attached below the shield a Gold scroll inscribed “SEMPER PARATUS” in Red letters. Symbolism The shield is red for Artillery, the gold potenté bend is an adaptation of the cottised bend on the arms of Champagne. Background The distinctive unit insignia was approved for the 538th Field Artillery Battalion on 29 December 1951. It was redesignated for the 52nd Artillery Regiment on 19 December 1958 and it was redesignated for the 52nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment effective 1 September 1971. Shield Gules, a bend potenté Or, crest On a wreath of the colors Or and Gules, a locomotive affronté Gules, charged with the numeral “52” Or. Shield The shield is red for Artillery, the gold potenté bend is an adaptation of the cottised bend on the arms of Champagne. Crest The crest alludes to World War I service in France, the coat of arms was originally approved for the 52nd Artillery, Coast Artillery Corps on 9 April 1921. It was redesignated for the 286th Coast Artillery Battalion and amended to delete the crest on 3 August 1944 and it was redesignated for the 538th Field Artillery Battalion on 20 November 1944. The insignia was redesignated for the 52nd Artillery Regiment and amended to add a crest on 19 December 1958, effective 1 September 1971, the insignia was redesignated for the 52nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment. The History of the 52nd Artillery, C. A. C and this article incorporates public domain material from the United States Army Institute of Heraldry document 52nd ADA Artillery. This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Army Center of Military History document 52nd Air Defense Artillery Lineage, goldstein, Philip M. 52nd Railway Artillery Battalion, FORT HANCOCK & SANDY HOOK PROVING GROUNDS
27.
55th Air Defense Artillery Regiment
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The 55th Air Defense Artillery Regiment is an Air Defense Artillery regiment of the United States Army that was first constituted in 1917 in the Regular Army. In addition, many individual transfers were made from the 1st, 2nd, 6th, & 9th Cos, MANG, the 55th Arty departed New York for Europe 3-25-18. After additional training, the 55th Arty was assigned to the 31st Bde, CAC, in August 1918, the 55th Arty departed Brest, arriving New York 1-22-19 and moved to Camp Mills, NY, until 1-26-19, when it moved to CD Long Island Sound. 1st Bn was stationed at Fort H. G. Wright, there most of the regiment’s NG and NA personnel were discharged. On 1-29-19 the 55th Arty CAC was transferred with 31st Bde to Fort Winfield Scott, the 31st Bde was then transferred to Fort Lewis, WA, arriving 10-4-19, and its strength was gradually built up to near peacetime levels. In April 1921, the 55th Arty was assigned to Hawaii, the 31st Bde was broken up and personnel from the 57th Arty were reassigned to the 55th Arty and to the 59th Arty slated for the Philippines. This enabled the 55th to activate HHD&CTs of the 1st, 2nd, in addition, Service Btry was activated. The 55th Arty arrived in Honolulu 5-12-21 and was posted to Fort Kamehameha, the three battalions were restructured with three batteries each by reassigning personnel from three companies manning fixed seacoast armament. This resulted in the activation of Btrys G, H, & I, on 6-1-22, each component of the 55th Arty received an additional serially numbered company designation. These additional designations were dropped on 7-1-24, when the regiment was redesignated 55th CA Regt, personnel shortages resulted in a 10-31-25 reorganization, the 3rd Bn was inactivated at Ft. Shafter, its personnel reassigned to 1st Bn, replacing personnel transferred to the 64th CA Regt. The reorganized 1st Bn, 55th CA, moved to Ft. Kamehameha, at this time Btry C, 55th CA, transferred to the 64th CA Regt as Btry I. A new Btry C was constituted and activated in the 55th CA, in the mid-1930s, 2nd Bn HHB moved to Fort DeRussy although its firing batteries remained at Fort Ruger. On 2-17-41, AA detachments were organized in Btrys E & F to man fixed 3-inch AA guns at Ft. Ruger and Sand Is. On 12-7-41, the 55th CA was posted around Oahu, Btrys A, B, & C on Oahu’s southwest coast between Pearl Harbor and Kaena Point, Btrys D & E on the northeast coast, and Btry F on Sand Is. On 12-27-41, Btry D moved from Ft. Ruger to the Island of Kauai, battery D was reinforced to its authorized wartime strength. Detachments from Btry A formed Btry 80-X in December 1941, a second detachment helped form the 804th CA Btry, Btry F at Sand Is. was designated the 807th CA Btry, while a second detachment helped organize the 715th CA Btry 10-21-42. During World War II, various changes were made in the makeup of the 55th CA, the 55th CA Regt was reorganized and HHB reconstituted and activated, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Bn HHBs were activated at Ft. Ruger 5-22-43. Btry G was activated at Ft. Kamehameha, the 1st Bn HHB and Btrys A, B, & C, and 2nd Bn HHB were stationed at Ft. Kamehameha, Btry D on Kauai, Btry E at Wilridge
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56th Air Defense Artillery Regiment
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The 56th Air Defense Artillery is a training regiment in the United States Army. This number has had two lineages started under it, a 1917 unit that served in France during World War I, and the 506th Artillery CAC, which was renumbered in December 1940. After the renumbering a separate lineage was started for the 506th CA in 1943. Constituted 29 July 1921 in the OR as the 506th Artillery CAC, the 506th Arty was organized at LaCrosse, WI, in August 1922 and redesignated 506th CA Regt 20 February 1924. Withdrawn from OR and allotted to RA as inactive 1 October 1933, the 506th CA redesignated 56th Coast Artillery Regt 16 December 1940. The 56th CA was activated 2 June 1941 at Fort Cronkhite, the 56th CA was to be composed of HHB, 1st, 2nd, & 3rd Bn HHBs, six firing batteries, and Battery G Search Light. Activation continued into October 1941 with 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Bns organized, by December, the decision had been made to inactivate the regiment as no longer required, and the process began with reassignment of personnel. However, the inactivation was halted and the regiment was deployed to South America, HHB 2nd Bn, Btrys C & D, and detachments from Btrys A, B, E, & F were designated for Chile, Peru, and Venezuela. Half of the 2nd Bn HHB, Btry C, and a SL Section of Btry G departed Ft. Cronkhite 2-10-42 for New Orleans POE and Venezuela, arriving 3-2-42. The other half of HHB 2nd Bn, Btry D, and 2nd Plt, Btry G, departed Ft. Cronkhite for Peru 2-18-42 via the San Francisco POE, arriving 3-2-42. A provisional detachment of personnel from Btrys A, B, E, Cronkhite, where the 56th was being reorganized with new personnel. The remaining elements of the 56th CA Regt in HDSF continued to man 155 mm guns at Ft. Cronkhite and Drakes Bay. The regiment served in the Northern California Sector of the WDC until September, the battalions of the 56th remained at Ft. Cronkhite during the summer of 1942 while being reorganized. The rebuilt 2nd Bn, Btrys C & D, remained at Ft. Cronkhite until the summer of 1942. On 9-27-42, 2nd Bn arrived at Westport, WA, orders were received mid-September 1942, to move 3rd Bn, 56th CA, to the Southern California Sector, WDC. On 10-1-42, the reinforced 3rd Bn, 56th CA, was reassigned to Southern California Sector. On 4-6-43, HHB at Ft. Cronkhite was reassigned to the Southern California Sector as well, one detachment of HHB was assigned to 3rd Bn command post at Ventura, the other platoon to HD Los Angeles. On 1-11-44, Southern California Sector ordered all elements of the regiment in the sector to Ft. Cronkhite, HHB, Btry G, and Medical Det. were ordered to Camp Cooke, CA, and disbanded 2-11-44
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59th Air Defense Artillery Regiment
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The 59th Coast Artillery Regiment is a regiment in the United States Army. Redesignated 20 February 1924 as the 59th Coast Artillery, Concurrently batteries C, D, E, remainder of regiment activated 30 May 1941 at Fort Mills. Surrendered 6 May 1942 to the Japanese forces on Corregidor Island, inactivated 2 April 1946 at Fort Mills. Redesignated 26 December 1947 as the 59th Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion and activated 1 January 1948 at Fort Bliss, redesignated 24 February 1953 as the 59th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion. Inactivated 1 September 1958 at Fort Bliss, reorganized and redesignated 31 July 1959 as the 59th Artillery a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System. Description A Gold color metal and enamel device 1 1/8 inches in height consisting of a shield blazoned, Per fess vair and Argent. Attached above from a wreath Argent and Azure a demi-lion rampant Gules grasping in dexter claw a sword Or, attached above and to the sides of the shield a Gold scroll inscribed “DEFENDIMUS” in Red letters. Symbolism The vair on the shield is from the arms of the Coast Defenses of New York, the crest it taken from the arms of St. Menehould in red for Artillery. The motto translates to “We Defend. ”Background The distinctive unit insignia was approved for the 59th Artillery Regiment on 15 August 1930. It was redesignated for the 59th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on 23 November 1953, the insignia was redesignated for the 59th Artillery Regiment on 5 December 1958. It was redesignated effective 1 September 1971, for the 59th Air Defense Artillery Regiment, shield Per fess vair and Argent, in base a thistle Proper. Crest On a wreath Argent and Azure a demi-lion rampant Gules armed and langued of the second grasping in dexter claw a sword Or. Shield The vair on the shield is from the arms of the Coast Defenses of New York, crest The crest it taken from the arms of St. Menehould in red for Artillery. The coat of arms was approved for the 59th Artillery Regiment on 1 April 1921. It was amended to correct the motto on 28 April 1927 and it was redesignated for the 59th Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion on 21 April 1949. The insignia was redesignated for the 59th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on 23 November 1953 and it was redesignated for the 59th Artillery Regiment on 5 December 1958. It was redesignated effective 1 September 1971, for the 59th Air Defense Artillery Regiment, Artillery Regiments This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Army Institute of Heraldry document 59th Air Defense Artillery. Historical register and dictionary of the United States Army, from, volume 1 By Francis Bernard Heitman Encyclopedia of United States Army insignia and uniforms By William K. Emerson
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60th Air Defense Artillery Regiment
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The 60th Air Defense Artillery Regiment is an air defense unit of the United States Army. The 60th Coast Artillery, during the World War II era, was part of USAFFEs Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays and this anti-aircraft unit was to provide air defense over Manila Bay and the southern tip of the Bataan Peninsula. The 60th CA was equipped with 3-inch guns, 37mm Guns. 50-caliber machine guns, one battery, with a platoon of searchlights, was located at Fort Wint, in Subic Bay. Demobilized 24 February 1919 at Ft. Washington, Maryland Reconstituted 26 October 1922 in the Regular Army as the 60th Artillery Battalion, Antiaircraft and organized at Fort Crockett, expanded, reorganized and redesignated 1 July 1924 as the 60th Coast Artillery. Surrendered 6 May 1942 to the Japanese forces on Corregidor Island, inactivated 2 April 1946 at Fort Mills, Philippine Islands. Redesignated 1 August 1946 as the 60th Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion and activated at Fort Bliss, redesignated 7 December 1949 as the 60th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion Automatic Weapons Battalion, Mobile. Redesignated 27 July 1950 as the 60th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, inactivated 17 June 1957 at Southampton, England. Reorganized and redesignated 31 July 1959 as the 60th Artillery, a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System, redesignated 1 September 1971 as the 60th Air Defense Artillery. Blazon Shield, Per fess embattled Sable and Gules fimbriated Or a pile in bend of the third the lower portion obscured by the second tincture, crest, On a wreath of the colors Or and Sable a carabao skull Sable horned Or. Symbolism Shield, The shield is divided horizontally into two parts, the line being embattled to represent defense. The lower half is red for Artillery, the upper half bears the colors of black and gold, a searchlight beam pierces the darkness of this portion of the shield signifying the never ending vigilance which this organization exercises in searching for enemy aircraft. The star has a double significance and it is symbolic of the state of Texas, the Lone Star State, where the unit was reorganized after World War I, and its battleground in the heavens. Crest The carabao horns are symbolic of service in the Philippine Islands where the 60th Battalion, background, The coat of arms was originally approved for the 60th Coast Artillery Regiment on 1924-05-21. It was amended to change the blazon of the shield and correct the motto on 1924-10-03 and it was redesignated for the 60th Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion and amended to correct the description on 1949-11-16. The insignia was redesignated for the 60th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on 1954-09-08 and it was redesignated for the 60th Artillery Regiment on 1958-12-15. It was redesignated for the 60th Air Defense Artillery Regiment effective 1971-09-01, attached below and to the sides a Red scroll inscribed “COELIS IMPERAMUS” in Gold letters. Symbolism, The insignia is divided horizontally into two parts, the line being embattled to represent defense. The lower half is red for Artillery, the upper half bears the colors of black and gold, a searchlight beam pierces the darkness of this portion, signifying the never ending vigilance which this organization exercises in searching for enemy aircraft
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61st Air Defense Artillery Regiment
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The 61st Air Defense Artillery Regiment is an air defense artillery regiment in the United States Army Constituted 10 December 1917 as the 61st Artillery. Activated at Fort Moultrie 9 March 1918, organized at Fort Monroe, arrived in France 31 July 1918 and assigned to 33rd Brigade. Returned to New York 27 February 1919 National Guard and reserve personnel demobilized at Camp Upton, 1st Artillery Battalion constituted 7 June 1921 and activated at Fort Monroe 1 July 1921 as follows, HHD&CT A Gun Battery redesignated 5th Company Chesapeake Bay, formerly 13th Co. Ft. Monroe B Machinegun Battery redesignated 8th Company Chesapeake Bay, VANG C Search Light Battery redesignated 6th Company Chesapeake Bay, formerly 6th Company VANG. 10 July 1942 two detachments formed as separate Gun Battalions, and later redesignated 494th AAA Gun Battalion, Regiment deployed to England 8 August 1943 and stationed at Honiton, Devon. 635th Battalion plus 3d Battn, 61st Regiment, became the 52d Battalion Group Headquarters was established at Camp Stewart, the 39th Battalion retained its designation as an Automatic Weapons Battalion until 16 May 1957 when it was inactivated at Southampton, Germany. In addition, the 58th Antiaircraft Artillery Battery at Fort Bliss was reorganized and designated as Battery C, 61st Artillery and assigned to Fourth United States Army. A summary of the story is as follows, Helios, the sun, drove across the heavens from east to west daily, in a winged chariot drawn by the celestial horses. His son, Phaeton, in order to please his mother, Phaeton had scarcely taken the reins when the celestial horses, despising their weak driver, turned out of their patch and set everything on fire. This is the first historical record of a hit being scored against an aerial target, the shield is divided by the saw tooth line taken from Lord Delaware’s arms which were the basis of the coat of arms for the Coast-Defense of the Chesapeake. The upper part of the shield is white, the half black, for day. Background The distinctive unit insignia was approved for the 61st Artillery Battalion on 16 November 1923. It was redesignated for the 61st Coast Artillery Regiment on 12 December 1939, the insignia was redesignated for the 61st Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion on 10 August 1955. It was redesignated for the 61st Artillery Regiment on 19 December 1958 and it was redesignated for the 61st Air Defense Artillery Regiment effective 1 September 1971. Crest On a wreath of the colors Argent and Sable, an eagle’s head erased Or, motto NON EST AD ASTRA MOLLIS E TERRIS VIA. Shield The aim and purpose of the unit are told in form by the story from Greek mythology of the winged chariot of Helios which was brought to earth by a bolt of lightning thrown by Zeus. A summary of the story is as follows, Helios, the sun, drove across the heavens from east to west daily, in a winged chariot drawn by the celestial horses. His son, Phaeton, in order to please his mother, Phaeton had scarcely taken the reins when the celestial horses, despising their weak driver, turned out of their patch and set everything on fire
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62nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment
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The 62nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment is an Air Defense Artillery regiment in the United States Army. Constituted 10 December 1917 as the 62nd Artillery, activated at Fort Winfield Scott 7 January 1918. Assigned to 33rd Brigade CAC, and shipped to Camp Mills New York arrived in France 21 July 1918, returned from France 19 February 1919, Demobilized at Camp Eustis March 1919. Reconstituted 1 August 1921 as the 2nd Antiaircraft Battalion and organized 4 September 1921 at Fort Totten, with HHD&CT, Search Light, Gun, Machine gun Battery as Battery C. consolidated with 167th Company HHD&CT redesignated 258th Company. Battalion expanded to a regiment 27 August 1922 with HHB, Service Battery, HH&CT 1st Battalion, Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, from 9th Company Service Battery from 37th Company Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment & Combat Train 1st Battalion, from HHD 1st Battalion 62nd AA. A. Battery from 32nd Company G. Battery from 165th Company H, Battery from 167th Company Regiment Redesignated from 62nd Artillery to 62nd Coast Artillery Regiment on 1 July 1924. and reorganized. On 1 July 1939 Batteries D, G, and H activated,20 January 1941 personnel from Battery B, and Search Light Platoon Battery A. I. Battery Constituted from Battery H.16 June 1941 and assigned as part of the garrison at Bluie West, Battery transferred less personnel and equipment back to Fort Totten 26 July 1941. Battery inactivated and disbanded 12 December 1942, personnel and equipment transferred to Battery A 424th CA Battalion, Battery I transferred to Fort Totten less personnel and equipment. 3rd Battalion constituted 27 May 1942 and activated at Fort Totten 15 June 1942, Regiment moved to Camp Kilmer, NJ. and staged for overseas shipment. Sailed for United Kingdom on 6 August 1942, landed at Oran, Algeria,11 November 1942. Moved to Tunisia 10 June 1943, landed Licata, Sicily 23 July 1943 Inactivated at Palermo, Sicily 10 November 1943. Broken up as follows- HHB redesignated 80th AAA Group, 1st Battalion redesignated 62nd AAA Battalion. 2nd Battalion redesignated 893rd AAA Battalion, 3rd Battalion redesignated 331st AAA Battalion. 62nd Coast Artillery disbanded 4 December 1943, 62nd AAA Battalion moved to Italy 7 July 1944 and landed in southern France 16 August 1944. Inactivated 13 March 1946 at Camp Kilmer Redesignated 9 December 1948 as 62nd Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion, assigned to 2nd Armored Division 4 November 1949 Relieved from 2nd Armor 20 October 1950. This participation is symbolized by the six embattled sectors, background The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 62d Coast Artillery Regiment on 21 February 1929. It was redesignated for the 62d Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion on 23 August 1949 and it was redesignated for the 62d Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on 4 January 1956
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65th Air Defense Artillery Regiment
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The 65th Air Defense Artillery was a training regiment in the United States Army. During World War I the unit was a tractor drawn unit equipped with British BL9.2 inch Howitzers, when it was reactivated in Panama in 1924 it became an anti aircraft unit equipped with the 3-inch Gun M1918. Constituted 26 December 1917 in the Regular Army as the 1st Battalion 65th Artillery and organized 1 January 1918 at Fort Rosecrans, demobilized 28 February 1919 at Camp Lewis, Washington. Reconstituted 1 July 1924 in the army as 1st Battalion, 65th Coast Artillery and activated at Fort Amador, Canal Zone. Activated 1 June 1938 at Fort Winfield Scott, California, reorganized at Fort Ord, California and redesignated 10 May 1943 as the 65th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion. Inactivated 26 January 1945 at Camp Hood, Texas, Concurrently, Batteries B, C, and D, redesignated 427th, 428th, activated 1 May 1949 on Okinawa. Redesignated 23 February 1955 as the 65th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, Inactivated 1 September 1959 in Japan. Consolidated 31 July 1959 with the 65th Artillery, a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System, the regiments insignia was redesignated effective 1 September 1971, for the 65th Air Defense Artillery Regiment. World war I St. Mihiel Meuse-Argonne Lorraine World War II Aleutian Islands United States Army Air Defense Artillery School Coats of arms of U. S. Air Defense Artillery Regiments Coats of arms of U. S. Artillery Regiments This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Army Institute of Heraldry document 65th Air Defense Artillery, historical register and dictionary of the United States Army, from. Volume 1 By Francis Bernard Heitman Encyclopedia of United States Army insignia and uniforms By William K. Emerson
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71st Air Defense Artillery Regiment
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The 71st Air Defense Artillery was a regiment in the United States Army. Constituted 2 May 1918 in the Regular Army as the 71st Artillery, organized 12 May 1918 in the Coast Defenses of Boston with headquarters at Fort Strong, Massachusetts. Returned to the continental US and demobilized 6 March 1919 at Camp Devens, the 1st Battalion activated on July 31,1940 and the 2nd Battalion on Jan. 3,1941 at Fort Story, Virginia, the 3rd Bn was activated June 15,1942. The regiment remained posted at Washington until inactivated September 1,1943, the 2nd Battalion, 71st Artillery was activated 1 March 1960 at Fort Bliss, Texas and later stationed in Korea. 2nd Battalion redesignated 1 Sept 1971 as the 2nd Battalion, 71st Air Defense Artillery, Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 71st Antiaircraft Artillery Group, inactivated 25 March 1946 at Munich, Germany. Redesignated 15 September 1949 as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 71st Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion, activated 30 September 1949 at Fort Bliss, Texas, with organic batteries of the former 71st Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion. Redesignated 22 July 1953 as the 71st Antiaircraft Artillery Missile Battalion, inactivated 1 September 1958 in the Washington -Baltimore Defense Area. Reorganized and redesignated 28 August 1958 as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 2d Missile Battalion, moved by train and ship from Ft. Bliss, TX to Taiwan and activated as an operational Nike-Hercules battalion October 26,1958. Battalion inactivated 15 August 1959 in Taiwan, inactivated 20 July 1982 in Korea. On its second tour in Vietnam the battery was attached to XXIV Corps stationed at Da Nang, 6th Battalion, 71st Artillery 29 September 1965 to 22 September 1968 The 6th Battalion of the 71st Artillery was a mobile HAWK missile battalion located first at Qui Nhon. In 1966, as part of the 97th Artillery Group, the battalion was relocated to Cam Ranh Bay, attached below and to the sides of the insignia a Gold scroll inscribed “UNDIQUE VENIMUS” in Black letters. Symbolism Scarlet and yellow are the used for Artillery. The three chevronels from the coat of arms of John Winthrop, the founder of the Boston Colony, alludes to Boston, the five projectiles are symbolic of the unit’s five battle honors awarded for service in World War II. They also commemorate the mission of the unit to attack and destroy enemy aircraft, the motto translates to “We Come From All Parts. Background The distinctive unit insignia was approved for the 71st Artillery Regiment on 21 May 1959. It was redesignated for the 71st Air Defense Artillery Regiment effective 1 September 1971, blazon Shield- Gules, five high explosive projectiles palewise in chevron surmounted by three chevronels Or. Crest- On a wreath of the colors Or and Gules a fixed searchlight Sable, symbolism Shield- Scarlet and yellow are the colors used for Artillery
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200th Infantry Regiment (United States)
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The 200th Coast Artillery was a United States Army unit during the first half of World War II. Today descendant elements serve with the New Mexico Army National Guard as the 200th Infantry, the 200th was originally organized 1 September 1880 in the New Mexico volunteer Militia in west-central New Mexico from independent companies as the 1st Regiment. It was expanded 18 February 1882 to form the 1st Regiment with headquarters at Socorro, the 1st Regiment was expanded 25 April 1883 to form the 1st Regiment and the 2nd Cavalry Battalion. 2nd Cavalry was reorganized and redesignated 14 September 1883 as the 1st Regiment of Cavalry and it was reorganized 10 November 1885 as the 1st Regiment of Cavalry. It was disbanded 29 December 1893 and two remaining troops attached to the 1st Regiment of Infantry, the unit was reorganized 12 September 1896 in the New Mexico Volunteer Militia as the 1st Battalion of Cavalry with headquarters at Santa Fe. The unit was redesignated in 1897 as the 1st Squadron of Cavalry, while remaining in state service the 1st Squadron of Cavalry additionally formed the 2nd Squadron, 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry, also known as the Rough Riders. Troop A attached 5 February 1908 to the 1st Regiment of Infantry, the 2nd Regiment was expanded 25 April 1883 to form the 2nd Regiment and the 1st Cavalry Battalion. The 2nd Regiment was redesignated 10 November 1885 as the 1st Regiment of Infantry with headquarters at Santa Fe, location of Headquarters was changed 16 August 1886 to Albuquerque. The 1st Cavalry Battalion was reorganized and redesignated 14 September 1883 as the 3rd Battalion, the unit was expanded, reorganized and redesignated 10 November 1885 as the 2nd Regiment of Cavalry. The 1st Regiment of Infantry and elements of the 2nd Regiment of Cavalry were consolidated 24 December 1890, 1st Regiment of Infantry was consolidated in 1909 with Troop A and consolidated unit designated as the 1st Regiment of Infantry. The 143rd and 144th Machine Gun Battalions demobilized 30 April 1919 at Camp Grant and it was expanded, reorganized and redesignated 3 December 1920 as the 1st Cavalry. It was redesignated 2 May 1922 as the 111th Cavalry, Headquarters federally recognized 4 May 1924 at Santa Fe. Assigned 5 November 1923 to the 23rd Cavalry Division, relieved 15 March 1929 from assignment to the 23rd Cavalry Division. The unit was converted and redesignated 26 April 1940 as the 207th Coast Artillery Regiment, redesignated 200th Coast Artillery 1 July 1940. In August 1941, the 200th was given notice that it had selected for an overseas assignment of great importance. At about 0300 hours on 8 December 1941, the 200th went on alert when the night radio crew picked up commercial broadcasts telling of the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor. It was inducted into federal service 6 January 1941 at home stations in New Mexico, the 200th doubled in size to 1800 while at Fort Bliss preparing for overseas deployment. The Arkansas 206th and the 200th competed for position deployment to either the Philippines or Alaska, the 200th, whose personnel virtually all spoke fluent Spanish were chosen to go to the Philippines in the summer of 1941, and arrived there in September 1941
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202nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment
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The 202nd Air Defense Artillery is an antiaircraft regiment of the Illinois Army National Guard. On 19 March 1921, the 6th Illinois Infantry was converted to the 1st Artillery, on 13 December 1921, redesignated as Provisional Battalion, 202nd Artillery with six companies. Redesignated to the 202nd Artillery Regiment, Coast Artillery Corps and on 26 August 1924, again, mustered into federal service on 16 September 1940 in Chicago. Arrived at Fort Bliss on September 20–21,1940, 3rd Battalion Activated 15 June 1942 at Bremerton, Washington. This was the consolidation, which brought all the colors and honors of the old 202nd Coast Artillery together under the command of the 202nd Antiaircraft Artillery Group in Chicago. The 396th AAA Automatic Weapons Battalion, meanwhile, became the 693rd AAA Automatic Weapons Battalion, in Chicago on 13 December 1946, Then on 12 May 1949 and this time it became the 133rd AAA Automatic Weapons Battalion. On 28 February 1954, the 133rd and the 698th AAA Battalions were consolidated and re-designated the 698th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, four years later, the battalion was modernized and re-designated a missile battalion. The 242nd was inactivated and disbanded in June 1944 at Camp Van Dorn Mississippi, two years later, it was reorganized as the 698th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion. On 1 May 1951, it was ordered to duty in Chicago to release Active Army units. C Battery joined the other three firing batteries, under the control of the 45th Artillery Brigade, two months later. It consolidated on 1 April 1963 with Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 202d Artillery Group, and the consolidated unit was designated as the 202d Artillery. It reorganized on 8 October 1963 to consist of the 1st Missile Battalion, on 1 January 1966 to consist of the 1st Battalion and its Federal recognition was withdrawn on 30 September 1974. Batteries E and F, 1st Battalion, 202nd Air Defense Artillery, were assigned during the 1990s to the 45th Infantry Brigade. Soldiers from the 1st Battalion, 202nd Air Defense Artillery, deployed to Iceland to take part in the 2001 Northern Viking exercise, attached below the shield a scroll inscribed “ARTE ET ARMIS” in Blue letters. On a wreath Or and Azure, upon a field the blockhouse of old Fort Dearborn of the first. The motto translates to “By Skill and Arms. ”Background The distinctive unit insignia was approved for the 202d Coast Artillery on 31 October 1925. It was redesignated for the 768th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion on 31 July 1951 and it was redesignated for the 768th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on 19 February 1957. The insignia was redesignated for the 202d Artillery Regiment on 6 January 1961 and it was redesignated for the 202d Air Defense Artillery Regiment on 6 July 1972
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213th Air Defense Artillery Regiment
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The 213th Air Defense Artillery is a regiment in the Pennsylvania Army National Guard. It appears to have established as an Air Defense Artillery Branch unit in 1989-90. The Reading Eagle of August 31,1989, advertises for personnel to join Battery B of the 1st Battalion, a new Army National Guard unit. Major General John E. Stevens led the creation of the 1st Battalion, 213th ADA from the previous 165th Military Police Battalion, by October 1,1997, it was part of the 28th Infantry Division. Constituted on 14 May 1874 as the 4th Infantry Regiment, Pennsylvania, organized on 30 June 1874 from existing independent companies of the 5th and 7th Divisions, Pennsylvania National Guard. Consisting of companies in Allentown, Hamburg, Columbia, Reading, Pinegrove, mustered into federal service on 8 July 1916 for Mexican border duty, and mustered out of federal service 15–26 January 1917. Mustered into federal service on 16–27 July 1917, reorganized between 9 July 1920 –8 April 1921 as 1st, 2nd and 3rd Separate Battalions of Infantry, Pennsylvania National Guard. Consolidated and redesignated 1 May 1922 as the 213th Artillery, redesignated on 1 August 1921 as the 213th Coast Artillery inducted into federal service on 15 September 1940. Reorganized on 24 March 1964 to consist of the 3rd Automatic Weapons Battalion, July 2002 the 1st Battalion, 213th Air Defense Artillery deployed to the European Theater in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. Attached below the shield a Gold scroll inscribed “THE FIRST DEFENDERS” in Blue letters, symbolism The shield is red for Artillery. Background The distinctive unit insignia was approved for the 213th Coast Artillery Regiment on 4 June 1932. It was redesignated for the 213th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion on 26 March 1952 and it was redesignated for the 213th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on 15 December 1954. The insignia was redesignated for the 213th Artillery Regiment on 26 July 1961 and it was redesignated for the 213th Air Defense Artillery Regiment with the description revised on 8 May 1989. Shield Gules, on a maple leaf Argent between in pairle seven fleurs-de-lis Or, the dome of the United States Capitol Azure, in base, dexter a Maltese cross, motto, Shield The shield is red for Artillery. Crest The crest is that of the Pennsylvania Army National Guard, the coat of arms was originally approved for the 213th Coast Artillery Regiment on 1 April 1932. It was redesignated for the 213th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion on 26 March 1952 and it was redesignated for the 213th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on 15 December 1954. The insignia was redesignated for the 213th Artillery Regiment on 26 July 1961 and it was redesignated for the 213th Air Defense Artillery Regiment on 8 May 1989. Unknown Unknown This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Army Center of Military History
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244th Air Defense Artillery Regiment
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The 244th Air Defense Artillery Regiment is an air defense artillery regiment of the United States Army first formed in June 24,1799 as the 6th Regiment of Infantry. March 8,1800 6th Regiment N. Y. S. I, March 27,1805 designation changed from 6th Regiment of Infantry to 2d Regiment of Artillery, New York City. June 13,1812 designation changed from 2d Regiment of Artillery to 9th Regiment of Artillery, december 13,1813 Regiment reduced to a battalion. June 6,1816 reorganized as a regiment retaining its number, although as a battalion known as 1st Battalion, New York State Artillery. 1861-1864 during US Civil War served as the 83rd New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, October 6,1917 9th Coast Defense Command organized as a depot battalion and transferred to 8th Coast Artillery Command. General Order 45 Adjutant Generals Office October 8,1917 Reorganized as 9th C. A. C. N. Y. G, by transfer of it to the Veteran Corps of Artillery of the State of New York. August 7,1919 designation changed to Coast Defense Command and changes made to companies, companies Mustered into New York Guard and remarks, Field And Staff, November 19,1917. Changed to 13th Company after G. O.221919, changed to 14th Company after G. O.221919. Changed to 15th Company after G. O.221919, changed to 16th Company after G. O.221919. Changed to 17th Company after G. O.221919, changed to 18th Company after G. O.221919. Changed to 19th Company after G. O.221919, changed to 20th Company after G. O.221919. Changed to 21st Company after G. O.221919, changed to 22nd Company after G. O.221919. Changed to 23rd Company after G. O.221919, changed to 24th Company after G. O.221919, disbanded November 8,1919 after G. O.30, 13th C. D. C. On the state Color, Execution of George Hart, January 3,1812 New York Harbor June 5, to July 28,1812 West Battery, New York Harbor, May 23, to June 1,1813 Sag harbor L. I. Blazon Shield, Gules, between in fess two fleurs-de-lis a sheathed Roman sword point to base Or debruised by a cross patée Argent charged with a hurt bearing the number “9” of the second. Crest, That for the regiments and separate battalions of the New York Army National Guard, On a wreath of the colors Or and Gules, symbolism, Shield, The shield is red for Artillery. A white cross patée was the badge of the 2d Division, 5th Corps, and a white disk the badge of the 2d Division, 1st Corps, of the Army of the Potomac during the Civil War. The disk has been made blue for contrast, conforming to the law of not placing metal on metal
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251st Air Defense Artillery Regiment
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The 251st Coast Artillery was a coast artillery regiment in the California National Guard. Constituted 1 November 1924 in the California National Guard as the 251st Coast Artillery as follows- HHB from, 746th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion inactivated 15 January 1946 at Camp Stoneman, California. Later the regiment became an air defense regiment, and was equipped with the Nike-Hercules missile, elements which were to become part of the 251st Air Defense Artillery were under control of the Regular Armys 47th Artillery Brigade, part of Army Air Defense Command. The brigades command post was at the Fort MacArthur Direction Center, in May 1959, the 720th ADA Battalion was redesigned as the 4th Missile Battalion 251st Artillery, California Army National Guard. The lineage of the headquarters company continues on in the form of the headquarters company of the 79th Infantry Brigade Combat Team. Attached below and to the sides of the shield a Red scroll inscribed “WE AIM TO HIT” in Gold letters, symbolism The shield is red for Artillery. The six pallets couped produce a diminished bordure effect on the shield, the ship is a representation of the ship of Don Juan Rodrigues Cabrillo, a Portuguese, who discovered San Diego Harbor. Background The distinctive unit insignia was approved for the 251st Coast Artillery on 9 January 1928. It was amended to add the motto on 16 June 1928 and it was redesignated for the 746th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion on 7 January 1952. The insignia was redesignated for the 251st Artillery Regiment on 16 February 1961 and it was redesignated for the 251st Air Defense Artillery Regiment on 10 July 1972. List of Nike missile locations This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Army Institute of Heraldry document 251st Airdefense Artillery Regiment, james A. Sawicki, Antiaircraft Artillery Battalions of the U. S. Army 1991, ISBN 0-9602404-7-0
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63rd Coast Artillery (United States)
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The 63rd Coast Artillery is a Coast Artillery regiment in the United States Army. Constituted and organized 10 December 1917 as 63rd Artillery at Fort Worden, shipped to Camp Mills June 1918, arrived in France 14 July 1918. and assigned to 39th Brigade CAC. returned to Camp Mills February 1919, demobilized at Camp Lewis 21 March 1919. Reactivated as 3rd Artillery Battalion, constituted 12 September 1921 and organized 16 September 1921 at Fort Winfield Scott as follows- HHD&CT Searchlight Battery Gun Battery Machinegun Battery. D Battery E Battery F Battery G Battery H Battery 63rd Artillery reconstituted and consolidated with 63rd Coast Artillery Regiment 7 March 1932, 2nd Battalion activated at Fort MacArthur 12 October 1939. Regiment reassigned to Fort Bliss 6 December 1940, composit Automatic Weapons Battery organized from elements of the regiment on 23 March 1941 and assigned to Camp Clatsop, Oregon 6 April 1941 for deployment to U. S. Naval Base Sitka. Battery disbanded at Sitka 1 July 1941, Regiment assigned to Louisiana Maneuvers 11 August 1941 to 28 September 1941. Regiment transferred to Seattle 15 December 1941 and assigned to 39th Coast Artillery Brigade, 3rd Battalion constituted and activated 27 May 1942. Reactivated 15 November 1949 at Fort Bliss, Texas, redesignated 1 October 1953 as 63rd Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion. Reorganized and redesignated as 63rd Antiaircraft Artillery Missile Battalion 8 October 1957, inactivated 1 September 1958 in Germany. Not active Description A Gold color metal and enamel device 1 1/2 inches in height consisting of a shield blazoned, Purple a pile Or. Attached below and to the sides of the shield a Gold scroll inscribed “AMOR PATRIAE” in Purple letters, symbolism The shield is the heraldic representation of the golden gate, the yellow opening of the setting sun and the two purple headlands and thereon are three antiaircraft winged projectiles. The motto translates to “The Love Of Country. ”Background The distinctive unit insignia was approved for the 63d Antiaircraft Battalion on 30 January 1924. It was redesignated for the 63d Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion on 30 October 1951, the insignia was redesignated for the 63d Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on 22 May 1956. Shield Purple a pile Or, three winged projectiles one and two counterchanged, crest On a wreath of the colors Or and Purple, a dexter arm embowed Proper holding a broken lance Gules. Shield The shield is the representation of the golden gate, the yellow opening of the setting sun. Crest The crest is the crest of General Winfield Scott for whom one of the forts was named, the motto is also that of the Scott family. The coat of arms was approved for the 3d Antiaircraft Battalion on 16 December 1921. It was redesignated for the 63d Antiaircraft Battalion on 4 October 1922 and it was redesignated for the 63d Coast Artillery Regiment on 1 May 1924
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64th Coast Artillery (United States)
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The 64th Coast Artillery was a Coast Artillery regiment in the United States Army. E Battery at Jackson Barracks F Battery at Fort Crockett Supply Battery Fort Crockett, staged at Fort Upton assigned to 34th Brigade arrived in France 6 September 1918. Demobilized at Camp Eustis 1 April 1919, Hawaiian AA Regiment constituted 2 May 1921 and organized 3 June 1921 at Fort Ruger with personnel from companies of Coast Artillery Oahu. Redesignated 64th Artillery 2 June 1922, Battery F assigned to Baker Island 1 August 1943 redesignated Battery D, 751st Coast Artillery Battalion. Reactivated 11 April 1949 at Atsugi, Honshu, Japan, redesignated 17 December 1954 as the 64th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion. Inactivated 25 September 1957 in Japan, description A round of Antiaircraft Artillery ammunition Gules winged Or. The insignia is 1 inch in height, symbolism The winged antiaircraft artillery projectiles represent the mission of the organization. Background The distinctive unit insignia was approved for the 64th Artillery Regiment. It was amended to correct the description on 10 January 1923 and it was amended to specify how it was worn on 5 November 1931. The insignia was redesignated for the 64th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on 18 November 1955, shield Gules, an inescutcheon barry of eight Argent, of the field and Azure repeated. Crest On a wreath of the colors Argent and Gules, a round of Antiaircraft Artillery ammunition Gules winged Or, shield The shield is scarlet for Artillery and bears an inescutcheon, the first quarter of the Royal Hawaiian coat of arms. Crest The winged antiaircraft artillery projectiles represent the mission of the organization, the coat of arms was originally approved for the Hawaiian Antiaircraft Artillery Regiment, Coast Artillery Corps on 8 March 1922. It was redesignated for the 64th Regiment, Coast Artillery Corps on 10 June 1922 and it was redesignated for the 64th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion on 5 January 1944. The insignia was redesignated for the 64th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on 18 November 1955 and this article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Army Center of Military History. Historical register and dictionary of the United States Army, from, volume 1 By Francis Bernard Heitman Encyclopedia of United States Army insignia and uniforms By William K. Emerson
United States
This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Army Institute of Heraldry document "129th Field Artillery Regiment".