1.
12 and Holding
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12 and Holding is a 2005 coming of age drama film directed by Michael Cuesta. The film is distributed by IFC Films and was released on May 19,2005 in limited theaters, the boys twin brother Jacob, a boy with a huge birthmark, decides to seek revenge against the bullies. Leonard whos overweight, survives the tree house fire but loses his sense of taste, thanks to the fire, this prompts Leonard to go on a diet, which isnt welcomed by his obese family. The boys female friend Malee tries to befriend an adult named Gus, Jacobs family falls apart after the death of his brother. But shortly after, his parents adopt a boy named Keith Gardner, meanwhile, Malee begins to have a crush on Gus and changes the song for her recital to one Gus liked, just for him. As time goes by, she sees Gus as her soul mate and she sneaks into his house one night to find him grieving. Afraid to confront him, Malee steals his gun and leaves and she gives it to Jacob the following day. Jacob frequently visits Jeff and Kenny, and initially threatens them, Jacob befriends Kenny, soon learning he has an early release and is illegally moving to New Mexico. Meanwhile, Leonards father decides to take his sisters to Florida instead of Leonard, Leonard decides to force his mother to lose weight by trapping her in the cellar. They both end up in the hospital after a gas leak in their home, next, Jacob and Kenny agree that Jacob can go with him to New Mexico. Malee visits Gus and removes her clothes in an attempt to seduce him, instead, Gus calls Malees mother to come and pick her up. The next day, Gus explains to therapist Carla about the last fire he ever fought, claiming that Malee wanted him to take her pain away, as he was aware of her growing crush on him. Meanwhile, Jacobs mother tells him that Keith Gardner wasnt adopted to replace Rudy, and that she wants Kenny dead, the night of escape for Jacob finally comes and he meets up with Kenny. Jacob insists on going through a site which he says is a secret route. Once there, Jacob points Guss gun at Kenny, and tells him you killed him before shooting him dead, Jacob buries the body and leaves. He returns in the daytime, and sees Gus spreading cement above Kennys grave, Malee begins visiting her estranged father and Leonards family finally starts eating healthily. The movie ends with Jacobs mother smiling at him from inside the house
2.
Jeremy Renner
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Jeremy Lee Renner is an American actor and singer. Throughout the 2000s, Renner appeared largely in independent films such as Dahmer and he also appeared in supporting roles in bigger films such as S. W. A. T. and 28 Weeks Later. He then turned in a performance in The Town, for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor. Renner was born in Modesto, California, to mother Valerie Cearley and father Lee Renner, who managed McHenry Bowl and his parents married as teenagers and divorced when he was ten. He is the oldest of seven siblings and his ancestry includes German, English, Scottish, Swedish, Irish, and Panamanian. Beyer High School in Modesto in 1989 and he attended Modesto Junior College, where he studied computer science and criminology, before he took a drama class as an elective and decided to pursue acting. Renners film debut came in 1995 when he played a student in the cult favorite National Lampoons Senior Trip. Over the next few years, Renner had guest roles in Zoe, Duncan, Jack and Jane, The Net, The Time of Your Life, Renner also had a small role on an episode of CSI, Crime Scene Investigation in 2001. In between acting roles, Renner worked as a makeup artist to make ends meet, in 2002, Renner had a starring role in the film Dahmer playing serial-killer Jeffrey Dahmer. He found the role a challenge to cope with after he had finished shooting after seeing how easily Dahmer took advantage of his victims and his performance was well received, and he gained a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Lead Male. He also appeared in Pinks 2003 music video for her song Trouble as a Bad Boy Sheriff. Renner went on to appear in S. W. A. T. as the former partner of Colin Farrells character in 2003. In 2005, Renner starred with Julia Stiles and Forest Whitaker in A Little Trip to Heaven, with roles in North Country and 12 and he next starred as a neo-Nazi skinhead who is admitted into a psychiatric hospital in Neo Ned opposite Gabrielle Union. The film won all of the awards it was nominated for at festivals, Renner also had a small role in skateboard film Lords of Dogtown as the manager of Emile Hirschs character. In 2006 he starred with Ginnifer Goodwin in Love Comes to the Executioner and he appeared alongside Minnie Driver in Take and guest starred as a patient in an episode of House as a reckless rock musician. Renner had a role in the pilot of The Oaks but the series was not picked up, the role earned him several awards in the Best Actor category and his first Academy Award nomination for Best Actor as well a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination. He also gained his first Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actor, the Hollywood Reporter named Renner as one of the young male actors who are pushing – or being pushed into taking over Hollywood as the new A-List. In 2011, Renner had a cameo appearance as Hawkeye in Thor for familiarity with his character for The Avengers
3.
IFC Films
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IFC Films is an American film production and distribution company based in New York City. It is an offshoot of IFC owned by AMC Networks and it distributes independent films and documentaries under its namesake, Sundance Selects and IFC Midnight brands. IFC has several ventures in video on demand, available through cable television pay-per-view, Apple iTunes, in 2002, IFC Films struck a deal with MGM Home Entertainment to release its theatrical films to home video. That same year, In 2006, IFC Films began distributing films to Apple iTunes. The first batch were thirteen films with nominations in the Film Independent Spirit Awards, on May 27,2010, IFC Films struck another home video distribution deal with Paramount Home Media Distribution. IFC Films first release was a drama in 1999, Spring Forward, directed by Tom Gilroy. S. A
4.
United States dollar
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The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution. It is divided into 100 smaller cent units, the circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars. The U. S. dollar was originally commodity money of silver as enacted by the Coinage Act of 1792 which determined the dollar to be 371 4/16 grain pure or 416 grain standard silver, the currency most used in international transactions, it is the worlds primary reserve currency. Several countries use it as their currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. Besides the United States, it is used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean, the British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands. A few countries use the Federal Reserve Notes for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U. S. coins that can be used as payment in U. S. dollars. After Nixon shock of 1971, USD became fiat currency, Article I, Section 8 of the U. S. Constitution provides that the Congress has the power To coin money, laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U. S. C. Section 5112 prescribes the forms in which the United States dollars should be issued and these coins are both designated in Section 5112 as legal tender in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar, the pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins and these other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar. The Constitution provides that a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and that provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code. The sums of money reported in the Statements are currently being expressed in U. S. dollars, the U. S. dollar may therefore be described as the unit of account of the United States. The word dollar is one of the words in the first paragraph of Section 9 of Article I of the Constitution, there, dollars is a reference to the Spanish milled dollar, a coin that had a monetary value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or reales. In 1792 the U. S. Congress passed a Coinage Act, Section 20 of the act provided, That the money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars, or units. And that all accounts in the offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation. In other words, this act designated the United States dollar as the unit of currency of the United States, unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U. S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the form is significantly more common
