1.
12 and Holding
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12 and Holding is a 2005 coming of age drama film directed by Michael Cuesta. The film is distributed by IFC Films and was released on May 19,2005 in limited theaters, the boys twin brother Jacob, a boy with a huge birthmark, decides to seek revenge against the bullies. Leonard whos overweight, survives the tree house fire but loses his sense of taste, thanks to the fire, this prompts Leonard to go on a diet, which isnt welcomed by his obese family. The boys female friend Malee tries to befriend an adult named Gus, Jacobs family falls apart after the death of his brother. But shortly after, his parents adopt a boy named Keith Gardner, meanwhile, Malee begins to have a crush on Gus and changes the song for her recital to one Gus liked, just for him. As time goes by, she sees Gus as her soul mate and she sneaks into his house one night to find him grieving. Afraid to confront him, Malee steals his gun and leaves and she gives it to Jacob the following day. Jacob frequently visits Jeff and Kenny, and initially threatens them, Jacob befriends Kenny, soon learning he has an early release and is illegally moving to New Mexico. Meanwhile, Leonards father decides to take his sisters to Florida instead of Leonard, Leonard decides to force his mother to lose weight by trapping her in the cellar. They both end up in the hospital after a gas leak in their home, next, Jacob and Kenny agree that Jacob can go with him to New Mexico. Malee visits Gus and removes her clothes in an attempt to seduce him, instead, Gus calls Malees mother to come and pick her up. The next day, Gus explains to therapist Carla about the last fire he ever fought, claiming that Malee wanted him to take her pain away, as he was aware of her growing crush on him. Meanwhile, Jacobs mother tells him that Keith Gardner wasnt adopted to replace Rudy, and that she wants Kenny dead, the night of escape for Jacob finally comes and he meets up with Kenny. Jacob insists on going through a site which he says is a secret route. Once there, Jacob points Guss gun at Kenny, and tells him you killed him before shooting him dead, Jacob buries the body and leaves. He returns in the daytime, and sees Gus spreading cement above Kennys grave, Malee begins visiting her estranged father and Leonards family finally starts eating healthily. The movie ends with Jacobs mother smiling at him from inside the house
2.
Jeremy Renner
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Jeremy Lee Renner is an American actor and singer. Throughout the 2000s, Renner appeared largely in independent films such as Dahmer and he also appeared in supporting roles in bigger films such as S. W. A. T. and 28 Weeks Later. He then turned in a performance in The Town, for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor. Renner was born in Modesto, California, to mother Valerie Cearley and father Lee Renner, who managed McHenry Bowl and his parents married as teenagers and divorced when he was ten. He is the oldest of seven siblings and his ancestry includes German, English, Scottish, Swedish, Irish, and Panamanian. Beyer High School in Modesto in 1989 and he attended Modesto Junior College, where he studied computer science and criminology, before he took a drama class as an elective and decided to pursue acting. Renners film debut came in 1995 when he played a student in the cult favorite National Lampoons Senior Trip. Over the next few years, Renner had guest roles in Zoe, Duncan, Jack and Jane, The Net, The Time of Your Life, Renner also had a small role on an episode of CSI, Crime Scene Investigation in 2001. In between acting roles, Renner worked as a makeup artist to make ends meet, in 2002, Renner had a starring role in the film Dahmer playing serial-killer Jeffrey Dahmer. He found the role a challenge to cope with after he had finished shooting after seeing how easily Dahmer took advantage of his victims and his performance was well received, and he gained a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Lead Male. He also appeared in Pinks 2003 music video for her song Trouble as a Bad Boy Sheriff. Renner went on to appear in S. W. A. T. as the former partner of Colin Farrells character in 2003. In 2005, Renner starred with Julia Stiles and Forest Whitaker in A Little Trip to Heaven, with roles in North Country and 12 and he next starred as a neo-Nazi skinhead who is admitted into a psychiatric hospital in Neo Ned opposite Gabrielle Union. The film won all of the awards it was nominated for at festivals, Renner also had a small role in skateboard film Lords of Dogtown as the manager of Emile Hirschs character. In 2006 he starred with Ginnifer Goodwin in Love Comes to the Executioner and he appeared alongside Minnie Driver in Take and guest starred as a patient in an episode of House as a reckless rock musician. Renner had a role in the pilot of The Oaks but the series was not picked up, the role earned him several awards in the Best Actor category and his first Academy Award nomination for Best Actor as well a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination. He also gained his first Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actor, the Hollywood Reporter named Renner as one of the young male actors who are pushing – or being pushed into taking over Hollywood as the new A-List. In 2011, Renner had a cameo appearance as Hawkeye in Thor for familiarity with his character for The Avengers
3.
IFC Films
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IFC Films is an American film production and distribution company based in New York City. It is an offshoot of IFC owned by AMC Networks and it distributes independent films and documentaries under its namesake, Sundance Selects and IFC Midnight brands. IFC has several ventures in video on demand, available through cable television pay-per-view, Apple iTunes, in 2002, IFC Films struck a deal with MGM Home Entertainment to release its theatrical films to home video. That same year, In 2006, IFC Films began distributing films to Apple iTunes. The first batch were thirteen films with nominations in the Film Independent Spirit Awards, on May 27,2010, IFC Films struck another home video distribution deal with Paramount Home Media Distribution. IFC Films first release was a drama in 1999, Spring Forward, directed by Tom Gilroy. S. A
4.
United States dollar
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The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution. It is divided into 100 smaller cent units, the circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars. The U. S. dollar was originally commodity money of silver as enacted by the Coinage Act of 1792 which determined the dollar to be 371 4/16 grain pure or 416 grain standard silver, the currency most used in international transactions, it is the worlds primary reserve currency. Several countries use it as their currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. Besides the United States, it is used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean, the British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands. A few countries use the Federal Reserve Notes for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U. S. coins that can be used as payment in U. S. dollars. After Nixon shock of 1971, USD became fiat currency, Article I, Section 8 of the U. S. Constitution provides that the Congress has the power To coin money, laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U. S. C. Section 5112 prescribes the forms in which the United States dollars should be issued and these coins are both designated in Section 5112 as legal tender in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar, the pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins and these other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar. The Constitution provides that a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and that provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code. The sums of money reported in the Statements are currently being expressed in U. S. dollars, the U. S. dollar may therefore be described as the unit of account of the United States. The word dollar is one of the words in the first paragraph of Section 9 of Article I of the Constitution, there, dollars is a reference to the Spanish milled dollar, a coin that had a monetary value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or reales. In 1792 the U. S. Congress passed a Coinage Act, Section 20 of the act provided, That the money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars, or units. And that all accounts in the offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation. In other words, this act designated the United States dollar as the unit of currency of the United States, unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U. S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the form is significantly more common
5.
Coming of age
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Coming of age is a young persons transition from being a child to being an adult. The certain age at which this takes place changes in society. It can be a simple legal convention or can be part of a ritual or spiritual event, in the past, and in some societies today, such a change is associated with the age of sexual maturity, especially menarche and spermarche. In others, it is associated with an age of religious responsibility, particularly in western societies, modern legal conventions which stipulate points in late adolescence or early adulthood are the focus of the transition. In either case, many cultures retain ceremonies to confirm the coming of age, Coming of age is often a topic of fiction, in the form of a coming-of-age story. In written literature, a novel which deals with the psychological and moral growth often associated with coming of age is called a bildungsroman. Similar stories that are told in film are called coming-of-age films, turning 15, the age of maturity, as the Bahai faith terms it, is a time when a child is considered spiritually mature. Declared Bahais that have reached the age of maturity are expected to begin observing certain Bahai laws, such as obligatory prayer, theravada boys, typically just under the age of 20 years, undergo a Shinbyu ceremony, where they are initiated into the Temple as Novice Monks. They will typically stay in the monastery for between 3 days and 3 years, most commonly for one 3-month rainy season retreat, held annually from late July to early October. After living the monastic life for some time, the boy, now considered to have come of age. Confucianism had a ceremony called Guan Li for young men, at around the age of 20, they would receive their style name. In many Western Christian churches, a young person celebrates his/her Coming of Age with the Sacrament of Confirmation and this is usually done by the Bishop laying his hands upon the foreheads of the young person, and marking them with the seal of the Holy Spirit. In some denominations during this sacrament the child adopts a name which is added onto their Christian name. In Christian denominations that practice Believers Baptism, the ritual can be carried out after the age of accountability has arrived. Some traditions withhold the rite of Holy Communion from those not yet at the age of accountability, mid-teens in the United States, early teens in Ireland and Britain, has in some areas been abandoned in favour of restoring the traditional order of the three sacraments of initiation. These individuals are seen, according to some Christians, as existing in a perpetual state of innocence. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints sets the age for baptism at 8 years of age and calls this the age of accountability. All persons younger than 8 are considered innocent and incapable of sinning, the LDS Church considers mentally challenged individuals whose mental age is under 8 to be in a perpetual state of innocence, similar to other Christian churches
6.
Drama
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Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning action, which is derived from I do, the two masks associated with drama represent the traditional generic division between comedy and tragedy. They are symbols of the ancient Greek Muses, Thalia, Thalia was the Muse of comedy, while Melpomene was the Muse of tragedy. Considered as a genre of poetry in general, the mode has been contrasted with the epic. The use of drama in a narrow sense to designate a specific type of play dates from the modern era. Drama in this sense refers to a play that is neither a comedy nor a tragedy—for example and it is this narrower sense that the film and television industries, along with film studies, adopted to describe drama as a genre within their respective media. Radio drama has been used in both senses—originally transmitted in a performance, it has also been used to describe the more high-brow. The enactment of drama in theatre, performed by actors on a stage before an audience, presupposes collaborative modes of production, the structure of dramatic texts, unlike other forms of literature, is directly influenced by this collaborative production and collective reception. The early modern tragedy Hamlet by Shakespeare and the classical Athenian tragedy Oedipus Rex by Sophocles are among the masterpieces of the art of drama, a modern example is Long Days Journey into Night by Eugene O’Neill. Closet drama describes a form that is intended to be read, in improvisation, the drama does not pre-exist the moment of performance, performers devise a dramatic script spontaneously before an audience. Western drama originates in classical Greece, the theatrical culture of the city-state of Athens produced three genres of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Their origins remain obscure, though by the 5th century BCE they were institutionalised in competitions held as part of celebrating the god Dionysus. The competition for tragedies may have begun as early as 534 BCE, tragic dramatists were required to present a tetralogy of plays, which usually consisted of three tragedies and one satyr play. Comedy was officially recognized with a prize in the competition from 487 to 486 BCE, five comic dramatists competed at the City Dionysia, each offering a single comedy. Ancient Greek comedy is traditionally divided between old comedy, middle comedy and new comedy, following the expansion of the Roman Republic into several Greek territories between 270–240 BCE, Rome encountered Greek drama. While Greek drama continued to be performed throughout the Roman period, from the beginning of the empire, however, interest in full-length drama declined in favour of a broader variety of theatrical entertainments. The first important works of Roman literature were the tragedies and comedies that Livius Andronicus wrote from 240 BCE, five years later, Gnaeus Naevius also began to write drama. No plays from either writer have survived, by the beginning of the 2nd century BCE, drama was firmly established in Rome and a guild of writers had been formed
7.
Grief
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Grief is a multifaceted response to loss, particularly to the loss of someone or something that has died, to which a bond or affection was formed. Although conventionally focused on the response to loss, it also has physical, cognitive, behavioral, social, cultural. While the terms are used interchangeably, bereavement refers to the state of loss. Grief is a response to loss. It is the suffering one feels when something or someone the individual loves is taken away. Crying is a normal and natural part of grieving and it has also been found, however, that crying and talking about the loss is not the only healthy response and, if forced or excessive, can be harmful. Lack of crying is also a natural, healthy reaction, potentially protective of the individual, Science has found that some healthy people who are grieving do not spontaneously talk about the loss. Pressing people to cry or retell the experience of a loss can be harmful, berger identifies five ways of grieving, as exemplified by, Nomads, Nomads have not yet resolved their grief and do not seem to understand the loss that has affected their lives. Memorialists, This identity is committed to preserving the memory of the one that they have lost. Normalizers, This identity is committed to re-creating a sense of family, activists, This identity focuses on helping other people who are dealing with the same disease or with the same issues that caused their loved ones death. Seekers, This identity will adopt religious, philosophical, or spiritual beliefs to create meaning in their lives, in Bonannos book, The Other Side of Sadness, What the New Science of Bereavement Tells Us About Life After a Loss, he summarizes his research. His findings include that a natural resilience is the component of grief. The first researcher to use data, he outlined four trajectories of grief. Bonannos work has demonstrated that absence of grief or trauma symptoms is a healthy outcome, rather than something to be feared as has been the thought. Recovery, When normal functioning temporarily gives way to threshold or sub-threshold psychopathology, usually for a period of at least several months, chronic dysfunction, Prolonged suffering and inability to function, usually lasting several years or longer. Delayed grief or trauma, When adjustment seems normal but then distress, researchers have not found evidence of delayed grief, but delayed trauma appears to be a genuine phenomenon. The Kübler-Ross model, commonly known as the five stages of grief, is a theory first introduced by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross in her 1969 book, On Death, kubler-Ross actually applied the stages to persons who were dying, not persons who were grieving. Her studies involved her work with the ill and it was not until much later in her career did she give into the notion that it could be applied to those grieving
8.
Annabella Sciorra
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Annabella Gloria Philomena Sciorra is an American actress. Her film roles include Cadillac Man, Jungle Fever, The Hand That Rocks the Cradle, Cop Land and she was nominated for a 2001 Emmy Award for playing Gloria Trillo in The Sopranos. Sciorra was born in Brooklyn, New York, to a housewife mother and her parents are Italian American, and her father emigrated from Carunchio, Abruzzo in 1951. Sciorra studied dance as a child, and as she grew older, began taking lessons at Herbert Berghof Studio. On November 5,1981, Sciorra founded the Brass Ring Theater Company at the age of 21. She received an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Female Lead for the 1989 film True Love and she starred in the 1992 thriller The Hand That Rocks The Cradle, and received critical acclaim for her work in Cop Land. She received an Emmy nomination for her role as Gloria Trillo in the HBO series The Sopranos, from 2005 to 2006, she portrayed Detective Carolyn Barek on Law & Order, Criminal Intent. Sciorra was married to actor Joe Petruzzi from 1989 to 1993
9.
Jayne Atkinson
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Jayne Atkinson is an English-American actress who has worked in film, theatre, and television. She is perhaps best known for the role of Karen Hayes on 24, as well as her Tony Award-nominated roles in The Rainmaker and Enchanted April. She has also appeared in the CBS drama Criminal Minds as BAU Section Chief Erin Strauss, jayne Atkinson was born in Bournemouth, Dorset, England, but her family moved to the United States in 1968 when she was 9 years old. She grew up in Hollywood, Florida, and graduated from Pine Crest School and she attended Northwestern University, where she was initiated as a member of Alpha Chi Omega and a sorority sister of Laura Innes, and the Yale Drama School. After working in theatres, Atkinson appeared off-Broadway in the Manhattan Theatre Clubs production of Bloody Poetry in 1987. She made her Broadway debut the year in a revival of Arthur Millers All My Sons. Subsequently, she landed roles in more stage productions, which include Henry VIII, Tru. She earned a Drama Desk Award for Best Actress in a Play for her performance in The Skriker in 1996 and she has appeared in such films as Free Willy, Free Willy 2, The Adventure Home,12 and Holding, Blank Check, The Village and Syriana. Her performance in the made-for-TV movie Our Town garnered her a Satellite Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress, Atkinson is married to actor Michel Gill, with whom she has one son. Atkinson and Gill met when they appeared together in a 1989 production of The Heiress at the Long Wharf Theater in New Haven and they both appeared in House of Cards
10.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
11.
Rotten Tomatoes
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Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster, in February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcasts Fandango. Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities, since 2007, the websites editor-in-chief has been Matt Atchity. The name, Rotten Tomatoes, derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a stage performance. From early 2008 to September 2010, Current Television aired the weekly The Rotten Tomatoes Show, featuring hosts, a shorter segment was incorporated into the weekly show, InfoMania, which ended in 2011. In September 2013, the website introduced TV Zone, a section for reviewing scripted TV shows, Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12,1998, as a spare-time project by Senh Duong. His goal in creating Rotten Tomatoes was to create a site where people can get access to reviews from a variety of critics in the U. S. As a fan of Jackie Chans, Duong was inspired to create the website after collecting all the reviews of Chans movies as they were being published in the United States, the first movie whose reviews were featured on Rotten Tomatoes was Your Friends & Neighbors. The website was an success, receiving mentions by Netscape, Yahoo. and USA Today within the first week of its launch. They officially launched it on April 1,2000, in June 2004, IGN Entertainment acquired rottentomatoes. com for an undisclosed sum. In September 2005, IGN was bought by News Corps Fox Interactive Media, in January 2010, IGN sold the website to Flixster. The combined reach of both companies is 30 million unique visitors a month across all different platforms, according to the companies, in May 2011, Flixster was acquired by Warner Bros. In early 2009, Current Television launched the version of the web review site. It was hosted by Brett Erlich and Ellen Fox and written by Mark Ganek, the show aired every Thursday at 10,30 EST on the Current TV network. The last episode aired on September 16,2010 and it returned as a much shorter segment of InfoMania, a satirical news show that ended in 2011. By late 2009, the website was designed to enable Rotten Tomatoes users to create, one group, The Golden Oyster Awards, accepted votes of members for different awards, as if in parallel to the better-known Oscars or Golden Globes. When Flixster bought the company, they disbanded the groups, announcing, in the meantime, please use the Forums to continue your conversations about your favorite movie topics. As of February 2011, new community features have been added, for example, users can no longer sort films by fresh ratings from rotten ratings, and vice versa
12.
AllMovie
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AllMovie is an online guide service website with information about films, television programs, and screen actors. As of 2013, AllMovie. com and the AllMovie consumer brand are owned by All Media Network, AllMovie was founded by popular-culture archivist Michael Erlewine, who also founded AllMusic and AllGame. The AllMovie database was licensed to tens of thousands of distributors and retailers for point-of-sale systems, websites, the AllMovie database is comprehensive, including basic product information, cast and production credits, plot synopsis, professional reviews, biographies, relational links and more. AllMovie data was accessed on the web at the AllMovie. com website and it was also available via the AMG LASSO media recognition service, which can automatically recognize DVDs. In late 2007, Macrovision acquired AMG for a reported $72 million, the AMG consumer facing web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in August 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. The buyers also include the founders of SideReel and Ackrell Capital investor Mike Ackrell. All Media Network offices are located in San Francisco, California, AllMusic AllGame SideReel All Media Network Official website
13.
Box Office Mojo
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Box Office Mojo is a website that tracks box office revenue in a systematic, algorithmic way, founded in 1999. In 2008, Box Office Mojo was bought by the Internet Movie Database, the website is widely used within the film industry as a source of data. From 2002–11, Box Office Mojo had forums popular with film fans, on October 10,2014, the websites URL was redirected to Amazons IMDB. com website for one day, but the website returned the following day without explanation. Brandon Gray began the site in 1999, in 2002, Gray partnered with Sean Saulsbury and grew the site to nearly two million readers. In July 2008, the company was purchased by Amazon. com through its subsidiary, Box Office Mojo had forums with more than 16,500 registered users. On November 2,2011 the forums were closed along with any user accounts. Tracking is still very closely to the day by day, actual tabulation of distributors. The site also creates an overall chart, combining all box office returns from around the world, excluding the United States. The overall weekend chart currently tracks the Top 40 films as well as approximately fifty additional films with no ranking, the site additionally has yearly and all time features for its various territories. Box Office Mojo was as of June 2009 reporting limited data from overseas and is work on improvements, most of the international charts have not been updated since November 2014. On October 10,2014, all traffic to Box Office Mojo was redirected to IMDbs box office page, queries about the closure to IMDb and Amazon representatives were met with no response. Neither Brandon Gray, who founded the website but left several years ago after its sale to Amazon, nor Ray Subers, on Ray Subers Twitter account, he revealed the websites return, but also stated he would not answer any questions pertaining to closure. Subers subsequently left the website seven months later
14.
Tell-Tale (film)
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Tell-Tale is a 2009 science fiction-horror drama film inspired by the Edgar Allan Poe short story The Tell-Tale Heart. It is directed by Michael Cuesta and stars Josh Lucas, Lena Headey, a mans recently transplanted heart leads him on a frantic search to find the donors killer before a similar fate befalls him. In Providence, a husband and his wife die in a botched robbery and his heart goes to Terry Bernard, a single father raising a girl with a rare degenerative disease. After the operation, Terry has flashes of memory from the last moments of the donors life. Then, he one of the donors killers and follows him into an alley. Within days, Terry becomes an avenger, with a police detective on his trail. Josh Lucas as Terry Brian Cox as Det, williams as Acherton Scott Winters as Dr. Averman John Timothy Botka as Police Officer The film received a DVD and Blu-ray Disc release on 25 May 2010. Tell-Tale at the Internet Movie Database
15.
Kill the Messenger (2014 film)
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Kill the Messenger is a 2014 American crime thriller film directed by Michael Cuesta and written by Peter Landesman. It is based on the book of the name by Nick Schou and the book Dark Alliance by Gary Webb. The film stars Jeremy Renner in his first film as a producer, the film was released on October 10,2014. Based on the story of journalist Gary Webb, the film takes place in the mid-1990s. Webb uncovered the CIAs alleged role in importing crack cocaine into the U. S. to secretly fund the Nicaraguan contra rebels, despite enormous pressure to stay away, Webb chose to pursue the story and went public with his evidence, publishing the series called Dark Alliance. He then experienced a vicious smear campaign fueled by the CIA, during which he found himself defending his integrity, his family, on March 5,2014, Focus Features announced that the film would be released on October 10,2014. Principal photography began on July 16,2013 in several Georgia locations, including Atlanta, Cobb County, nathan Johnson composed the score for the film, and Back Lot Music release a soundtrack album on October 7,2014. Kill the Messenger received a theatrical release on October 10,2014. The film has received positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a Certified Fresh rating of 77%, based on 118 reviews, the sites consensus reads, Kill the Messengers potent fury over the tale of its real-life subject overrides its factual inaccuracies and occasional narrative stumbles. This petition was also spurred on after Focus Features failed to attend a screening for the film hosted by the Writers Guild of America in mid-November. The petition picked up a strong momentum through social media, accruing over 2,000 signatures in less than two weeks, the weekend of December 5, Focus Features expanded Kill the Messenger to 19 additional theaters, for a sum of 27 theaters overall. On December 11, Universal Pictures Home Entertainment announced the DVD release date for Kill the Messenger, in early February, Kill the Messenger was leaked online, and was reportedly among the top ten films with the most unauthorized downloads for several weeks
