1.
Oslo
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Oslo is the capital and the most populous city in Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality, founded in the year 1040, and established as a kaupstad or trading place in 1048 by Harald Hardrada, the city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V of Norway around 1300. Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814, after being destroyed by a fire in 1624, the city was moved closer to Akershus Fortress during the reign of Christian IV of Denmark and renamed Christiania in his honour. It was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838, following a spelling reform, it was known as Kristiania from 1877 to 1925, at which time its original Norwegian name was restored. Oslo is the economic and governmental centre of Norway, the city is also a hub of Norwegian trade, banking, industry and shipping. It is an important centre for industries and maritime trade in Europe. The city is home to companies within the maritime sector, some of which are among the worlds largest shipping companies, shipbrokers. Oslo is a city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission intercultural cities programme. Oslo is considered a city and ranked Beta World City in studies carried out by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group. It was ranked one in terms of quality of life among European large cities in the European Cities of the Future 2012 report by fDi magazine. A survey conducted by ECA International in 2011 placed Oslo as the second most expensive city in the world for living expenses after Tokyo. In 2013 Oslo tied with the Australian city of Melbourne as the fourth most expensive city in the world, as of January 1,2016, the municipality of Oslo has a population of 658,390, while the population of the citys urban area was 942,084. The metropolitan area had an population of 1.71 million. The population was during the early 2000 increasing at record rates and this growth stems for the most part from international immigration and related high birth rates, but also from intra-national migration. The immigrant population in the city is growing faster than the Norwegian population. As of January 1,2016, the municipality of Oslo has a population of 658,390, the urban area extends beyond the boundaries of the municipality into the surrounding county of Akershus, the total population of this agglomeration is 942,084. To the north and east, wide forested hills rise above the city giving the location the shape of a giant amphitheatre. The urban municipality of Oslo and county of Oslo are two parts of the entity, making Oslo the only city in Norway where two administrative levels are integrated
2.
Black metal
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Black metal is an extreme subgenre and subculture of heavy metal music. Common traits include fast tempos, a vocal style, heavily distorted guitars played with tremolo picking, raw recording, unconventional song structures. Artists often appear in corpse paint and adopt pseudonyms, during the 1980s, several thrash and death metal bands formed a prototype for black metal. This so-called first wave included bands such as Venom, Bathory, Mercyful Fate, Hellhammer, a second wave arose in the early 1990s, spearheaded by Norwegian bands such as Mayhem, Darkthrone, Burzum, Immortal, Emperor, Satyricon and Gorgoroth. The early Norwegian black metal scene developed the style of their forebears into a distinct genre, norwegian-inspired black metal scenes emerged throughout Europe and North America, although some other scenes developed their own styles independently. Some prominent Swedish bands spawned during this wave, such as Marduk, Nifelheim. Initially a synonym for Satanic metal, black metal is often met with hostility from mainstream culture, due to the actions, many artists express extreme anti-Christian and misanthropic views, advocating various forms of Satanism or ethnic paganism. In the 1990s, members of the scene were responsible for a spate of church burnings, there is also a small neo-Nazi movement within black metal, although it has been shunned by many prominent artists. Generally, black metal strives to remain underground, inaccessible to the mainstream, although contemporary black metal typically refers to the Norwegian style with shrieking vocals and raw production, the term has also been applied to bands with widely differing sounds. Norwegian-inspired black metal guitarists usually favor high-pitched or trebly guitar tones, the guitar is usually played with fast, un-muted tremolo picking. Guitarists often use dissonance—along with specific scales, intervals and chord progressions—to create a sense of dread, the tritone, or flat-fifth, is often used. Guitar solos and low guitar tunings are rare in black metal, the bass guitar is seldom used to play stand-alone melodies. It is not uncommon for the bass to be muted against the guitar, some newer black metal bands began raising their production quality and introducing additional instruments such as synthesizers and even orchestras. The drumming is usually fast and relies on double-bass and blast beats to maintain tempos that can sometimes approach 300 beats per minute and these fast tempos require great skill and physical stamina, typified by black metal drummers Frost and Hellhammer. Even still, authenticity is still prioritized over technique and this professionalism has to go, insists well-respected drummer and metal historian Fenriz of Darkthrone. I want to de-learn playing drums, I want to play primitive and simple, I dont want to play like a drum solo all the time, Black metal songs often stray from conventional song structure and often lack clear verse-chorus sections. Instead, many black metal songs contain lengthy and repetitive instrumental sections, the Greek style—established by Rotting Christ, Necromantia and Varathron—has more traditional heavy metal and death metal traits than Norwegian black metal. Traditional black metal bands tend to favor raspy, high-pitched vocals which include such as shrieking, screaming, and snarling
3.
Season of Mist
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Season of Mist is an independent record label and record distributor with subsidiaries in France and the United States. The record label was founded in 1996 by Michael S. Berberian in Marseille, from the start releasing black metal, pagan metal and death metal records, the label moved on to releasing albums of avant-garde metal, gothic metal and punk bands as well. The label has two offices, one in Marseille, France and one in Philadelphia, U. S, from the beginning, Season of Mist focused on releasing more extreme metal records by stylistically diverse bands like Oxiplegatz, Bethzaida and Kampfar. Since his graduation the label has become a job for Michael. In the year 2002 Season of Mist also started out as a distributor for the French territory, Season of Mists name originates from A Midsummer Nights Dream, the play by William Shakespeare. Bands signed on a deal with Season of Mist for exclusive release in North America
4.
Satyricon (band)
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Satyricon is a Norwegian black metal band, formed in 1991 in Oslo. Satyr and Frost have been the core members since 1993. The bands first three albums typify the Norwegian black metal style, since its fourth album in 1999, the band has strayed from this style and included elements of traditional heavy metal in their sound. Satyricon was the first Norwegian black metal band to join a multi-national record label, the band were formed in 1990 as Eczema by the bassist Wargod and drummer Exhurtum. In 1991, they decided to start playing black metal, so the name was changed to Satyricon, Lemarchand was kicked out after the second demo. Remaining members Satyr and Lemarchand hired the drummer Frost as a musician and recorded their second and last demo. Shortly after this, Lemarchand also left the band, but before leaving the band he recorded guitars for the first full-length album, Dark Medieval Times. In the meantime, Frost was being promoted as a permanent member and had recorded drums for the aforementioned album, rebel Extravaganza, Satyricons fourth album, was released in 1999. During this period Satyr drastically changed his look by shaving off his hair, in April and May 2000, Satyricon toured as a supporting band for Pantera. Phil Anselmo has spoken of his love for black metal numerous times and they used to be signed with Daron Malakians music label EatUrMusic. Satyricon participated in the Darkthrone tribute Darkthrone Holy Darkthrone, released by Moonfog Productions in 1998, in 2006, Satyricon released Now, Diabolical. In March 2008, the band headlined the Inferno Metal Festival in Oslo for the first time, the EP My Skin Is Cold was released before their seventh album, The Age of Nero, which was released on 3 November 2008. Satyricon released their self-titled eighth full-length album on 9 September 2013, the band released their first ever Full Length live CD/DVD set titled Live at the Opera which took place In September 2013, alongside the Norwegian National Opera, on May 4,2015. A fully remastered 20th anniversary edition of Nemesis Divina was released on May 20,2016, Frost has stated in recent interviews that once the new album is released, they will then complete work on their first ever covers album. On their next album, The Shadowthrone, this spirit was continued. Rock Hard journalist Wolf-Rüdiger Mühlmann wrote that Satyricon reached their very early zenith with that album, reinventing ourselves based on a foundation of rock-oriented black metal is our philosophy
5.
Kjetil-Vidar Haraldstad
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Kjetil-Vidar Haraldstad, was born on 28 June 1973 in Øyer, Oppland, Norway, and is the drummer in the black metal bands Satyricon and 1349. Frost has previously performed with Gorgoroth, Zyklon-B, Gehenna and Keep Of Kalessin and he originally joined Satyricon temporarily to record the demo The Forest is My Throne, later joining the band full-time. He currently studies at a college in Oslo. Frost employs various drumming styles when performing with different bands, with 1349 and early Satyricon he extensively uses blast beats. His recent work with Satyricon is more simplistic and mid-tempo and he is generally regarded as one of the most proficient and fastest drummers in the black metal scene. On all Satyricon albums his role is credited simply as battery, frost was denied entry to North America by the US Department of Homeland Security upon failing to note having been sentenced to 5 months for assault when applying for his work visa. On 1349 tours before 2008, he was replaced by Tony Laureano, joey Jordison and Trym Torson have performed with Satyricon on North American tour dates. He later was able to again in the United States. He appeared in the documentary film Until The Light Takes Us as part of an art piece featuring him firebreathing and cutting himself with a knife, frost uses Tama drums and pedals, Zildjian cymbals, and Vic Firth drumsticks
6.
Mayhem (band)
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Mayhem is a Norwegian black metal band formed in 1984 in Oslo. They were one of the founders of the Norwegian black metal scene, Mayhem disbanded after Aarseths murder, shortly before the release of their debut album, De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas, regarded as a classic of the black metal genre. Surviving former members Jan Axel Blomberg, Jørn Stubberud and Sven Erik Kristiansen reformed two years later with Rune Eriksen replacing Aarseth, attila Csihar and Morten Iversen have since replaced Kristiansen and Eriksen, respectively. Their post-Aarseth material is characterized by increased experimentation, the 2007 album, Ordo Ad Chao, received the Spellemann award for best metal album. Mayhem was founded in 1984 by guitarist Øystein Aarseth, bassist Jørn Stubberud and drummer Kjetil Manheim, the band members were mainly influenced by groups such as Venom, Motörhead, Black Sabbath, Slayer, Bathory and Celtic Frost. The lineup began playing songs by Black Sabbath, Venom, Motörhead. Norheim played vocals only for a concert, which place in April 1986 in Ski. He later formed hardcore punk band Within Range and Oi. /street punk band Cockroach Clan, whereas, with Kristiansen, Mayhem recorded its first EP, Deathcrush, in 1987, and released it through Euronymous newly formed label Posercorpse Music. The initial 1,000 copy release of Deathcrush quickly sold out and it was later reissued in 1993 by the newly renamed Deathlike Silence Productions as a joint venture with Euronymous Oslo specialist record shop Helvete. Manheim and Maniac left the band in 1988, after two brief replacements, Manheim and Maniacs positions were filled by Swedish vocalist Per Yngve Ohlin and local drummer Jan Axel Blomberg. With Dead, the concerts became notorious. For concerts, Dead went to lengths to achieve the image. From the beginning of his career, he was known to wear corpse paint, according to Necrobutcher, t wasnt anything to do with the way Kiss and Alice Cooper used makeup. Dead actually wanted to look like a corpse and he didnt do it to look cool. Hellhammer claimed that Dead was the first black musician to use corpse paint. To complete his corpse-like image, Dead would bury his stage clothes, while performing Dead would often cut himself with hunting knives and broken glass. Additionally, the band often had pig or sheep heads impaled on stakes, stian Johannsen, who briefly took position as vocalist after Deads suicide, made this statement about him, He didnt see himself as human, he saw himself as a creature from another world. He said he had visions that his blood has frozen in his veins
7.
Celtic Frost
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Celtic Frost was a Swiss extreme metal band from Zürich. They are known for their influence on the extreme metal genres. Formed in 1981 as Hellhammer, the band became Celtic Frost in 1984 and was active until 1993 and it re-formed in 2001 and disbanded following frontman Tom Gabriel Fischers departure in 2008. Their music included elements of extreme metal styles. Their earlier music was sometimes classified as metal, black metal and death metal and their later work as doom metal. The level of experimentation on albums such as Into the Pandemonium led certain journalists to describe the direction as avant-garde metal. Celtic Frosts former frontman, guitarist and singer Tom Gabriel Fischer, with Steve Warrior on bass, he formed one of the earliest extreme metal bands, Hellhammer, in 1981. Steve Warrior was later replaced by Martin Eric Ain – also a pseudonym, Metal publications were also skeptical of Hellhammers musical endeavor. Metal Forces, for one, absolutely loathed the group, that started a feud between that zine and Warrior, which kept Celtic Frost from playing in England for a couple of years. Rock Power was not fond of Hellhammer either – they considered it the most terrible, abhorrent, in fact, they were receiving miserable reviews everywhere, Warrior concluded. Even though Hellhammer was the reason we had thought over our goals and conceived the Frost. Many voices saw Frost as the band with just a name-change. The lack of quality in HH made it almost impossible for us to get an unbiased reaction for Frost. To make a long story short, it almost killed all our work, by May 1984, Hellhammer had disbanded. Fischer and Ain, along with session drummer Stephen Priestly, regrouped as Celtic Frost and their 1984 debut mini-LP, Morbid Tales was a hit in the underground metal scene, and the band set out on its first tour, through Germany and Austria. This was followed with an EP Emperors Return, both early releases are now available on the one CD. One of their more influential recordings was 1985s To Mega Therion which did not feature Ain on bass, the cover artwork is a painting by H. R. Giger entitled Satan I. The album was an influence on the then-developing death metal
8.
Monotheist (album)
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Monotheist is the sixth and, according to band members, final studio album by the Swiss heavy metal band Celtic Frost. The album was released in May 2006 and was the first new recording released by the band for sixteen years, preparation and development work for the project had been ongoing since 2000. The first recording sessions for the album started in late October 2002, the band consisted of founding members Martin Eric Ain and Tom Gabriel Fischer, along with guitarist/producer Erol Unala, Fischers long-time songwriting partner. Unala became a significant part of Celtic Frost during the songwriting. Obscured comes from the demo track November from the 2002 demo album Prototype, drown In Ashes uses lyrics from the demo track The Dying I. Working titles for the album included Probe and Dark Matter Manifest, Celtic Frosts earlier work melded elements of thrash metal and black metal. The sound of Monotheist has been described as difficult to reduce down specifics, the result is a wide-ranging but very dark heavy metal experience. Don Kaye at Blabbermouth called it a heavy and oppressive slab of metal which goes into even heavier, blacker territory than previous albums. Adrien Begrand of PopMatters said that the album was nearly a masterpiece of brutally heavy metal, according to Fischer, some of the lyrics were influenced by the writings of the English occultist Aleister Crowley. This influence manifests itself in such as Os Abysmi Vel Daath. Monotheist was released on CD, LP and as a digipak with a track called Temple of Depression. Both the vinyl LP version and the Japanese CD release of Monotheist feature the bonus track Incantation Against You, a video was made for the song A Dying God Coming into Human Flesh. The album was ranked number 2 on Terrorizers list of the best albums of the decade. W, schmid, engineering, mixing, mastering Phillip Schweidler, engineering, mixing The Great Beast Resurrected – article in PopMatters covering the band’s comeback and an early review of the album
9.
Hellfest (French music festival)
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Hellfest, also called Hellfest Summer Open Air, is a French music festival specializing in heavy metal, held annually in June in Clisson in Loire-Atlantique. Its high attendance makes it one of the greatest French music festivals and it is also one of the biggest festivals of metal in Europe and the first in France. The festival was the successor of Fury Fest, which was held in 2002 and 2003 in Clisson and Nantes respectively, in June 2009, numerous groups concerned about the concert name asked the festival sponsors to disengage from Hellfest. Coca-Cola announced a few days later that they no longer support the festival. The same month, former minister and leader of the Parti chrétien-démocrate Christine Boutin wrote to Kronenbourg asking them to supporting the festival. The 30 March, questioned by deputy Patrick Roy, the minister Frédéric Mitterrand declared to the Assemblée Nationale that the detractors of the festival should calm down, during the 2011 edition an homage was paid to Patrick Roy who died two months before. On June 9,2010, the AFC sued the Hellfest, asking not to allow people under 18 years old to attend the festival. On June 14, the judge refused their demand, the first association was created in 2000 in Clisson as CLS CREW, in order to organize concerts of hardcore and punk in the region of Nantes. It allows to program groups like Arkangel or Poison the Well, the success of these concerts makes possible the launch the first festival in June 2002, named Fury Fest. It gathers 400 people to attend Agnostic Front, in Clisson, the festival continued the following years. It attracts 7,000 people to attend concerts of Sick of It All, the format changes to two days. Because no room was available in Clisson, Hall of Trocardière hosts this second edition, the organization of the festival also changes, the MAN. IN. FEST association was created to take charge of the organization. The 2003 has reached €30,000 profit, allowing Benjamin Barbaud, one of the founders, in 2004, the festival moved to Le Mans and stands in the halls of the 24 Hours circuit where it attracts 21,000 spectators to Slipknot and Soulfly. After a deficit in 2004, the 2005 inheriting liabilities, the team decided to give the rights of the festival to others promoters. This time 30,000 entries are recorded at Le Mans in three days, to concerts of Slayer, Motörhead and Anthrax on three stages. But financial problems worsen, with the disappearance of promoters with €600000 recipe, official website Pictures of Hellfest 2009
10.
Inferno Metal Festival
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Inferno Metal Festival is an annual extreme metal festival that takes every during the Easter in Oslo, Norway. The festival was founded by Borknagar guitarist Jens F. Ryland in cooperation with Radar Booking in 2001, the 2016 edition will take place at Rockefeller Music Hall from 23. The 2014 edition took place at Rockefeller Music Hall from 16, the 2013 edition took place at Rockefeller Music Hall from 27. The 2012 edition took place at Rockefeller Music Hall from 4, the 2011 edition took place at Rockefeller Music Hall from April 20, to April 23. The 2010 edition took place at Rockefeller Music Hall from March 31, crest of Darkness Cybele Enslaved Farout Fishing Gehenna Hades Almighty Khold M-Eternal Pain Peccatum Ram-Zet Red Harvest Susperia Tidfall Trail of Tears Witchery Zeenon Zyklon Official site
11.
Thomas Gabriel Fischer
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Thomas Gabriel Fischer, earlier known by his stage name of Tom G. Warrior, is a Swiss metal musician. He is considered to be one of the pioneers of the metal style of singing. He led the groups Hellhammer and Celtic Frost, and today is the frontman of the band Triptykon, together with Bruce Day and Steve Warrior, he formed the seminal metal band Hellhammer in 1982. Fischer and Ain joined forces again and formed Celtic Frost. In 1985, Fischer was asked to co-produce and sing on the first demo, titled Death Cult, Fischer also wrote the lyrics for the recorded songs. Two of the members of Coroner formed part of Celtic Frosts road crew until 1986, in 1987, many conflicts within Celtic Frost led to a dissolution of the band, but several months later, Tom reformed the band with a completely new lineup. The bands 1988 release, Cold Lake, established a drastic change in Celtic Frosts music, Celtic Frost eventually disbanded in 1993. A year after Celtic Frost was laid to rest, Fischer formed the EBM/industrial rock project Apollyon Sun, in 2000, Fischers book Are You Morbid. Into the Pandemonium of Celtic Frost received many reviews, including this from Record Collector, Intelligent, humble, questioning. The album, entitled Monotheist, eventually was released in 2006, Fischer also performed in Probot, Dave Grohls collaborative project with various metal artists, on the song Big Sky in 2003. In 2005, Tom produced vocal and guitar tracks for a version of Slayers classic Black Magic recorded by Los Angeles-based gothrock band Hatesex. The track appeared on their album entitled Unwant. Due to the conflict within Celtic Frost, Tom left the band on 9 April 2008. In 2008, he played guitars and bass for the cover song Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun from the 1349 album Revelations of the Black Flame, in 2009 he co-produced their album Demonoir. In 2010, he was awarded in the Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards for Inspiration and he currently plays an Ibanez H. R. Giger series Iceman guitar. He also uses an Ibanez Tube Screamer overdrive pedal, Fischer was ranked No.32 out of 100 Greatest Heavy Metal Guitarists of All Time by Guitar World. He also states that he not drink, smoke or take drugs. Death Fiend Triumph of Death Satanic Rites Apocalyptic Raids Apocalyptic Raids 1990 A. D
12.
Carcass (band)
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Carcass are a British extreme metal band from Liverpool, who formed in 1985. The band broke up in 1996, but reformed in 2007 without one of its members, drummer Ken Owen. Carcass are regarded as pioneers of the grindcore genre and their early work was also tagged as splatter death metal, hardgore, and goregrind, on account of their morbid lyrics and gruesome album covers. They also became one of the pioneers of death metal with their 1993 album Heartwork. The band’s lyrics often focus on rights issues. Jeff Walker and Bill Steer are both vegetarians, Steer used to be a vegan and Walker was a hunt saboteur. Carcass was first formed as a band by Bill Steer. Steer then joined the D-beat band Disattack with drummer Middie, Paul on bass, after releasing a four track demo entitled A Bomb Drops. in 1986, the bass player left the band and was replaced by Jeff Walker, formerly guitarist and vocalist of the Electro Hippies. Vocalist Andrew Pek changed his name to Sanjiv after a visit to India, at about the same time, Bill Steer joined Napalm Death and recorded the second side of what became Napalm Deaths first album, Scum. Walker also designed the art for Scum. Disattack then changed its name to Carcass as the group changed musical direction and this led to a change in drummer and saw Ken Owen join the band. In April 1987, they recorded the Flesh Ripping Sonic Torment demo, the only Carcass recording featuring vocalist Sanjiv, Walker, Steer and Owen shared vocal duties for the debut album, which was done in only four days. Despite the primitive production values of Carcasss debut Reek of Putrefaction, with which the band was very displeased, due to his interest, they were asked to participate in their first Peel Session in 1989, where they debuted new material for their second album. The Peel Session was released as an EP with the band members adopting pseudonyms, K. Grumegargler, J. Offalmangler, also that year, Steer and Walker appeared as members of Listers fictional band Smeg and the Heads in an episode of Red Dwarf. Symphonies of Sickness, the album, which contained a much improved production quality, featured more death metal structures. The second half of the tour in support of Symphonies of Sickness saw the addition of lead guitarist Michael Amott. Amott was to become a permanent member, playing on the second Peel Session, Necroticism – Descanting the Insalubrious showed even more intricate composition, further improved production and guitar solos. Despite the addition of Amott to the ranks, Steer still handled all rhythm guitar duties, with Amott only contributing leads and one riff
13.
Suffocation (band)
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Suffocation is an American death metal band that was formed in 1988 in Centereach, Long Island, New York, United States. The band comprises vocalist Frank Mullen, guitarists Terrance Hobbs and Charlie Errigo, drummer Eric Morotti and bassist Derek Boyer. The bands raw death metal style uses growled vocals with a guitar sound, fast and complex guitar riffs and drumming, open chord notes, breakdowns. Suffocation was formed in 1988 on Long Island, New York, by vocalist Frank Mullen, bassist Josh Barohn, guitarists Guy Marchais and Todd German, the quintet was mainly influenced by fellow American death metal bands as well as the British band Napalm Death and Brazilian Sepultura. Smith commented on meeting Hobbs for the first time, Thats where I first noticed, Wow, the bands first EP, Human Waste, was released through Relapse Records in 1991. The full-length debut album, Effigy of the Forgotten, recorded by producer Scott Burns at Tampas Morrisound Studios, in July 1991 bassist Josh Baron was replaced by Chris Richards, as the album became substantially influential in extreme metal music. After the following album, Breeding the Spawn, was released in 1993, the 1995 release Pierced from Within, which received better production than the previous release, was followed by extensive tours in Europe, Canada, Mexico and the United States. In 1998, Suffocation released the EP Despise the Sun via Vulture Records, the EP was re-released later in 2000 and 2002 by Relapse Records. Mullen and Hobbs reformed in 2003 with Smith, Marchais and Derek Boyer of the bands Deeds of Flesh, in April 2004, Relapse Records released Souls to Deny. In 2007, the band was featured in The History Channels promotional video for The Dark Ages documentary, playing the song Bind, Torture, in 2008, the band signed to the German Nuclear Blast Records and released their album Blood Oath in 2009. The album charted on the US Billboard 200 at number 135, in 2009, Relapse released the live album entitled Close of a Chapter—Live in Québec City, that was previously self-released by the band in 2005. The release of a documentary film Legacy of Violence was set for 2010, in May 2010, Suffocation toured with Napalm Death in South America and Mexico. In February,2012, Smith left the again, to be replaced by Dave Culross. In 2012, the band was inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame, since after the release of Pinnacle of Bedlam in 2013, Lead vocalist Frank Mullen announced that he will retire from full-time touring with the band due to his new job. He has since replaced by various live vocal stand ins, including Bill Robinson, John Gallagher. In January 2015 Suffocation began making posts revealing that they were in the process of recording demos for a new album with a release date of late 2015. In April 2016, the ensemble toured with Soulfly, Abnormality, Battlecross, suffocations technical death metal style is influenced by grindcore. With their debut album, Effigy of the Forgotten, Suffocation rose to prominence of death metal and created a blueprint for the genre for the 1990s, blabbermouth. net described Suffocation as American death metals most consistent and punishing standard-bearers and their style as brutal death metal
14.
Aborted
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Aborted is a Belgian death metal band that formed in Waregem, in 1995. Although based in Belgium, Aborteds band members are from Belgium, The Netherlands, the band has released nine studio albums, four EPs and one live performance video album. Aborted was founded by the Belgian vocalist Sven de Caluwé in 1995, according to de Caluwé, the name of the band was decided to be first in the CD racks. The band subsequently released a tape and eventually were signed to Uxicon Records. Since then the band has released three splits, eight albums, two EPs, and a DVD. Aborted are currently signed to Century Media Records, according to Allmusic, Aborted had grown into the role of key contributors to the death-grind genres. The band released the Coronary Reconstruction EP, on January 14,2010, on March 28,2011, de Caluwé announced that recording for Aborteds seventh studio album, Global Flatline would begin in June. The album is reported to contain fifteen tracks, Global Flatline was produced by Jacob Hansen, who previously worked with Aborted on 2003s Goremageddon, The Saw and the Carnage Done and 2004s The Haematobic EP. On June 20,2011, the band entered Hansen Studios in Denmark with Hansen to record Global Flatline, on July 9,2011, it was confirmed that recording for Global Flatline has been completed. Confirmed guest vocalists on the album include Julien Truchan of Benighted, Keijo Niinimaa of Rotten Sound, Global Flatline was released in January 2012. A digital single of the track was released on October 25,2011. On April 29,2014, The Necrotic Manifesto was released through Century Media and charted in the USA, The Netherlands, Germany, Belgium and France. On November 9,2015, Aborted has announced their new 20th anniversary EP Termination Redux to release on January 8,2016, on February 12,2016, the band announced to release their latest full-length album Retrogore on April 22,2016
15.
Rotten Sound
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Rotten Sound is a Finnish extreme metal band from Vaasa, formed in 1993. The band comprises vocalist Keijo Niinimaa, guitarist Mika Aalto, bassist Kristian Toivainen, the band has released eight studio albums and earned a reputation for being one of the most intense bands on the Scandinavian death metal/grindcore scene. Rotten Sound was founded by guitarist Mika Aalto in Vaasa, Finland, the group started recordings in 1994, releasing the single Sick Bastard through Genet label. Their subsequent underground releases, between singles and EPs, included 1995s Psychotic Veterinarian on SOA, 1996s Loosin Face on Anomie, Rotten Sounds first full-length album, Under Pressure, was released by Repulse Records in 1998 and was followed by Drain in 1999. This album was also the debut of second guitarist Juha Ylikoski, in early 2000, the band signed with American Necropolis Records, a subsidiary Deathvomit label for release the EP Still Psycho, which included a cover of Carcasss Reek of Putrefaction. The video segments are very well-produced, with live audio recording, multiple camera angles. The band toured in Europe to promote the album, along with label mates Hateplow, In Aeturnum, Rotten Sound release their second full-length, Murderworks, in 2002. For the albums promotion, the headline a European tour, titled Murdering Europe. They also toured Europe during June 2003, along with Hateplow, in May 2004, Rotten Sound teamed up with Circle of Dead Children, Phobia and Strong Intention for US Grind the East Coast tour. The bands fourth album, Exit, was recorded at Soundlab studio in Örebro, Sweden with engineer Mieszko Talarczyk. Shortly after their release, the peaked at number 22 on the Finnish album charts. In March 2005, the band teamed up with Disfear for a co-headline Scandinavian tour and they released their an eight-song mini-CD Consume to Contaminate on June 7,2006 via Spinefarm Records. Rotten Sound has supported Malevolent Creation on their European Tour in early 2007, in July 2007, they enter the studio later in July to begin recording their fifth studio album Cycles which was released on January 9,2008 via Spinefarm Records. The album was recorded and mixed with Janne Saksa at Kantola, mastering was handled by Pelle Henricsson at Tonteknik Studios. The first song The Effects was posted on their Myspace page, in November 2009, the band signed a new record deal with Relapse Records to release their follow-up studio album of Cycles. We will fit to their roster like a fist to an ass, being along the same line with other label-mates is very important for us because we want to tour all over this planet with bands we like ourselves. The upcoming Napalm EP and the next album will start a new. Doing it together with Relapse Records will make this period more grind than any of our phases before, Rotten Sound released the Napalm EP on March 30,2010 via Relapse Records
16.
Revelations of the Black Flame
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Revelations of the Black Flame is the fourth studio album by Norwegian black metal band 1349. The studio sessions took place during December 2008 in a studio in Bøverbru. 1349 mixed the album in January 2009, the album was co-mixed by Tom Gabriel Fischer. The album also contains a variety of dark ambient compositions spread throughout, after this release, the band would return to their previous, more straight-forward style. The limited edition version of the features a bonus disc containing a live performance in Stockholm recorded in 2005. Invocation -6,13 Serpentine Sibilance -4,35 Horns -3,04 Maggot Fetus. Teeth Like Thorns -3,46 Misanthropy -3,33 Uncreation -6,59 Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun -6,13 Solitude -3,38 At the Gate
17.
Cannibal Corpse
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Cannibal Corpse is an American death metal band from Buffalo, New York. Formed in December 1988, the band has released thirteen studio albums, as of 2015, they had achieved worldwide sales of two million units for combined sales of all their albums, making them the top-selling death metal band of all time. Bassist Alex Webster came up with the name Cannibal Corpse and they have had several lineup changes since their inception, with bassist Alex Webster and drummer Paul Mazurkiewicz being the only constant members. The members of Cannibal Corpse were originally inspired by thrash metal bands like Metallica, Slayer and Kreator, as well as death metal bands such as Morbid Angel. The bands album art and lyrics, drawing heavily on horror fiction, Cannibal Corpse was established in 1988 by members from earlier Buffalo-area death metal bands, Beyond Death, Leviathan, and Tirant Sin. The band played its first show at Buffalos River Rock Cafe in March 1989, shortly after recording a demo tape. Their full-length debut album, Eaten Back to Life, was released in August 1990, the band has had many line-up changes over the years. In 1993, founding member and guitarist Bob Rusay was dismissed from the group and was replaced by Malevolent Creation guitarist Rob Barrett. In 1995, during recording sessions for a new album, singer Chris Barnes was dismissed and was replaced by Monstrosity singer George Corpsegrinder Fisher, Barnes went on to perform with the band Six Feet Under, and later Torture Killer. In 1997, Barrett, who had originally replaced Rusay on guitar, left Cannibal Corpse to rejoin his previous bands Malevolent Creation, after Barrett left, he was replaced by guitarist Pat OBrien, who first appeared on Cannibal Corpses 1998 release Gallery of Suicide. Founding member and guitarist Jack Owen left Cannibal Corpse in 2004 to spend time on his second band. He joined Deicide in late 2004, jeremy Turner of Origin briefly replaced him as second guitarist on 2004s Tour of The Wretched Spawn. Barrett rejoined the band in 2005 and was first featured on the album Kill, writing for the next album began in November 2007, as presaged in an interview with bassist Alex Webster. Evisceration Plague, Cannibal Corpses eleventh studio album was released February 3,2009 and they also released a live DVD in 2011 entitled Global Evisceration. Cannibal Corpse released its twelfth album, Torture, in March 2012. In February 2014, Cannibal Corpse announced that began recording their thirteenth album, A Skeletal Domain. Sadistic Embodiment was released as a single in July, and all of the names of the songs on the album were announced the same day. The same month, Metal Blade announced the publication of the authorized biography Bible Of Butchery
18.
Skeletonwitch
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Skeletonwitch is an American extreme metal band from Athens, Ohio, formed in 2003. The band currently consists of drummer Dustin Boltjes, bassist Evan Linger, guitarists Nate Garnette and Scott Hedrick, and vocalist Adam Clemans. Skeletonwitch was formed in 2003 in Athens, Ohio when guitarist Hedrick heard the tracks from Nate Garnettes former band, Serkesoron. Skeletonwitch released their first album, At One with the Shadows, after forming the band, they sought a vocalist, whom they ultimately found in Nates older brother, Chance Garnette. These three have been the only constant members, having gone through three drummers, Tony Laureano, Derrick Mullet Chad Nau replacing Jimi Shestina, then Eric Harris with Evan Linger on bass guitar. After being signed to Prosthetic, Skeletonwitch released Beyond the Permafrost on October 2,2007, in 2008, Skeletonwitch was featured as one of four opening acts for Danzigs Blackest of the Black tour. On October 13,2009, Skeletonwitch released their studio album, Breathing the Fire. Skeletonwitchs song Soul Thrashing Black Sorcery was featured on the soundtrack of the video game Brütal Legend, the song Crushed Beyond Dust became featured on the Rock Band network on February 28,2010. Skeletonwitch was featured on all of the dates of Ozzfest 2010, Skeletonwitch was featured on an Adult Swim video for their song Bringers of Death in 2010. Bringers of Death also appears on the Adult Swim heavy metal compilation titled Metal Swim, in March 2011, Skeletonwitch parted ways with drummer Derrick Mullet Chad Nau and temporarily replaced him with Tony Laureano. Skeletonwitchs fourth studio album, Forever Abomination, was released on October 7,2011 and it is the first album to feature Dustin Boltjes on drums, replacing Derrick Nau. Skeletonwitch was banned from playing the House of Blues in Orlando after they were deemed unfit to be associated with Disney, the January 27th 2014 show was the only date on the Deceiver of the Gods tour with Amon Amarth and Enslaved that Skeletonwitch did not open. The Florida-based band Hollow Leg opened instead, the band released its fifth studio album Serpents Unleashed on October 29,2013. On October 22,2014, it was announced that vocalist Garnette would be leaving their current tour due to family issues, Garnettes last show with Skeletonwitch was October 15,2014, at the Webster Theater in Hartford, CT. On October 20,2014, Garnette appeared in Worcester District Court in Worcester, Garnette was charged with assault and battery on a family/household member, and the case was continued to December 10,2014. Garnette was released on $500 bail, on March 31,2015, Skeletonwitch announced via their official Facebook page that former Cannabis Corpse vocalist Andy Horn would be replacing Garnette for their upcoming European tour. As of the announcement, Chance Garnette was no longer listed as Skeletonwitchs vocalist on their Official Facebook page. In an interview published on April 3,2015, Garnette stated that he had fired from the band due to alcohol abuse
19.
Wacken Open Air
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Wacken Open Air is a summer open-air heavy metal music festival. It takes place annually in the village of Wacken in Schleswig-Holstein. With 80,000 festival visitors, and including personnel a total of roughly 86,000 attendees in 2011, it attracts various kinds of metal, the festival was first held in 1990 as a small event for local German bands. W, O, A is usually held at the beginning of August and it is currently considered the biggest heavy metal festival in the world. The festival ends traditionally on the first Sunday of August, remarkably, all 75,000 tickets were sold out within 43 hours for 2014,12 hours for 2015 and 23 hours for 2016, despite the fact that the lineup had not been announced. The non-optional basic ticket price for all four days including camping was €180 in 2016, in 2015,158 bands were playing on eight stages. The international festival has a rate of foreigners by over 30% of the crowd, with up to 10% non-Europeans. Many metal fans travel around half the globe just to stand on cow meadows before stages of Wacken in the middle of nowhere 80 km northwest from Hamburg and these and international crowds had made the W, O, A famous in global metal community. This comradely, this spirit, that really unite us together with that sound. This Wacken is one of the most important festivals in the world, and this not only for the bands, but for all these metalheads. All these metalheads see each other once a year at Wacken, and these keep us a home, a special vibe, strong and powerful. The entire village of Wacken gets free entrance, which makes W, O, A to a kind of public holiday due to the fact that the village joins in the fun. Everywhere private Biergartens are sized up, bands are playing on the street, besides, its great business as well. About an additional €20,000,000 are spent every year during festival by visitors in the Wacken area, aggression is normally just shown in the pits before stages by Headbanging, Wall of death or screaming as meant to be. Therefore, the festival is considered peaceful and safe, separated from crazy, self-expressing, scary appearances. The amazing village people are one reason why W, O, A sells out immediately without lineup, meanwhile, the village itself gets a sightseeing attraction for people who have no tickets or stick in metal and hard rock at all, just watching metalheads from the sideline. The W, O, A audience, from bands, artists or by other short addressed as Wacken, is a legend itself. Another reason why the festival sells out without billing, Wacken is not about the bands, isnt it
20.
Triptykon
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Triptykon is a Swiss extreme metal band from Zürich, formed in 2008 by Thomas Gabriel Fischer, founding member of the pioneering heavy metal bands Hellhammer, Celtic Frost and Apollyon Sun. Fischer announced his departure from Celtic Frost in May 2008 and shortly afterwards revealed his new project would be entitled Triptykon. The name of the band is the Greek word for triptych, the band logo is inspired by a writing pattern used in Weimar Republic. A follow-up EP, entitled Shatter, was released on October 25,2010, a music video for the song Shatter has also been released. It was announced on October 22,2013 that the new album will be titled Melana Chasmata, on February 7,2014, Melana Chasmatas release date was revealed as being on April 14,2014. The new album was received by critics with a widely excellent critical response
21.
Massive Cauldron of Chaos
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Massive Cauldron of Chaos is the sixth studio album by Norwegian black metal band 1349. It was released on September 29,2014 through Season of Mist, the album marks a break in the usual trend for the band to release album artwork in a jet black colour, instead using white. All music composed by Archaon, except Golem by Frost and The Heretic by Mike Torrao, the album has mostly received a very positive reception. 1349 Ravn – vocals, mixing Archaon – guitars Seidemann – bass Frost – drums Production Jarrett Prichard – producer, mixing, mastering Johannes Hoie – illustration Marcelo Vasco – layout
22.
Lead vocalist
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The lead vocalist, lead vocals or lead singer in popular music is typically the member of a group or band whose voice is the most prominent in a performance where multiple voices may be heard. The lead singer either leads the ensemble, or sets against the ensemble as the dominant sound. In vocal group performances, notably in soul and gospel music, and early rock and roll, as an example in rock music, Mick Jagger is the lead singer of The Rolling Stones. Similarly in soul music, Smokey Robinson was the singer of The Miracles. The practice of using a lead singer in vocal groups, however, has a longer history, songs of the late nineteenth century frequently used a leading solo voice, followed by a choral response by other singers. From these various points - including Motown - it went on to become a device in much rock. In some bands - most famously, The Beatles - the role of lead singer alternated, while in others - for example, there are as many types and styles of lead singer as there are styles and genres of music. However, the singer of a group or band is usually the main focus of audiences attention. The lead vocalist of a band is called the front man or front woman. Pink Floyd also can be considered a band with two front men, as both the guitarist David Gilmour and the bassist Roger Waters sang and wrote most of the songs. In the beginning of the career, however, Pink Floyds lead singer and guitarist was Syd Barrett. Particularly before the 1970s, many bands were named for the leader or founder, rather than the lead singer, examples include the Dave Clark Five and Harold Melvin. In modern rock music, the singer is often, but not always, also the bands leader. While lead singers or spokespersons for any musical ensembles can be called a front man, since the position commonly has an expanded role from simple lead vocalists, there have been cases in which the front man for a band is someone other than the lead vocalist. In many bands, such as The Who, Fall Out Boy, Led Zeppelin, Living Colour, Queen and Oasis, usually, this is derived from that guitarists specific role as a co-songwriter, co-founder and/or co-vocalist. Also in some cases, there are two frontmen, such as Underoath, with singers Spencer Chamberlain and Aaron Gillespie sharing vocal duties, another example is Blink-182, in which vocal duties are split between bassist Mark Hoppus and guitarist Tom DeLonge. Hoppus usually carries out most media either by himself or together with DeLonge, linkin Park has two vocalists as well, Chester Bennington and Mike Shinoda, both considered as frontmen. Another example is the metal band Metallica, in which James Hetfield
23.
Drum kit
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A drum kit consists of a mix of drums and idiophones most significantly cymbals but also including the woodblock and cowbell. In the 2000s, some also include electronic instruments and both hybrid and entirely electronic kits are used. If some or all of them are replaced by electronic drums, the drum kit is usually played while seated on a drum stool or throne. The drum kit differs from instruments that can be used to produce pitched melodies or chords, even though drums are often placed musically alongside others that do, such as the piano or guitar. The drum kit is part of the rhythm section used in many types of popular and traditional music styles ranging from rock and pop to blues. Other standard instruments used in the section include the electric bass, electric guitar. Many drummers extend their kits from this pattern, adding more drums, more cymbals. Some performers, such as some rockabilly drummers, use small kits that omit elements from the basic setup, some drum kit players may have other roles in the band, such as providing backup vocals, or less commonly, lead vocals. Thus, in an early 1800s orchestra piece, if the called for bass drum, triangle and cymbals. In the 1840s, percussionists began to experiment with foot pedals as a way to them to play more than one instrument. In the 1860s, percussionists started combining multiple drums into a set, the bass drum, snare drum, cymbals, and other percussion instruments were all played using hand-held drum sticks. Double-drumming was developed to one person to play the bass and snare with sticks. With this approach, the drum was usually played on beats one. This resulted in a swing and dance feel. The drum set was referred to as a trap set. By the 1870s, drummers were using an overhang pedal, most drummers in the 1870s preferred to do double drumming without any pedal to play multiple drums, rather than use an overhang pedal. Companies patented their pedal systems such as Dee Dee Chandler of New Orleans 1904–05, liberating the hands for the first time, this evolution saw the bass drum played with the foot of a standing percussionist. The bass drum became the central piece around which every other percussion instrument would later revolve and it was the golden age of drum building for many famous drum companies, with Ludwig introducing
24.
Bass guitar
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The bass guitar is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick. The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to a guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length. The four-string bass, by far the most common, is tuned the same as the double bass. The bass guitar is an instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds to avoid excessive ledger lines. Like the electric guitar, the guitar has pickups and it is plugged into an amplifier and speaker on stage, or into a larger PA system using a DI unit. Since the 1960s, the guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music as the bass instrument in the rhythm section. While types of basslines vary widely from one style of music to another, many styles of music utilise the bass guitar, including rock, heavy metal, pop, punk rock, country, reggae, gospel, blues, symphonic rock, and jazz. It is often a solo instrument in jazz, jazz fusion, Latin, funk, progressive rock and other rock, the adoption of a guitar form made the instrument easier to hold and transport than any of the existing stringed bass instruments. The addition of frets enabled bassists to play in more easily than on acoustic or electric upright basses. Around 100 of these instruments were made during this period, around 1947, Tutmarcs son, Bud, began marketing a similar bass under the Serenader brand name, prominently advertised in the nationally distributed L. D. Heater Music Company wholesale jobber catalogue of 1948, however, the Tutmarc family inventions did not achieve market success. In the 1950s, Leo Fender, with the help of his employee George Fullerton and his Fender Precision Bass, which began production in October 1951, became a widely copied industry standard. This split pickup, introduced in 1957, appears to have been two mandolin pickups, the pole pieces and leads of the coils were reversed with respect to each other, producing a humbucking effect. Humbucking is a design that electrically cancels the effect of any AC hum, the Fender Bass was a revolutionary new instrument, which could be easily transported, and which was less prone to feedback when amplified than acoustic bass instruments. Monk Montgomery was the first bass player to tour with the Fender bass guitar, roy Johnson, and Shifty Henry with Louis Jordan & His Tympany Five, were other early Fender bass pioneers. Bill Black, playing with Elvis Presley, switched from bass to the Fender Precision Bass around 1957. The bass guitar was intended to appeal to guitarists as well as upright bass players, following Fenders lead, in 1953, Gibson released the first short scale violin-shaped electric bass with extendable end pin, allowing it to be played upright or horizontally. In 1959 these were followed by the more conventional-looking EB-0 Bass, the EB-0 was very similar to a Gibson SG in appearance
25.
Backing vocalist
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Backing vocalists are singers who provide vocal harmony with the lead vocalist or other backing vocalists. In some cases, a singer may sing alone as a lead-in to the main vocalists entry or to sing a counter-melody. Backing vocalists are used in a range of popular music, traditional music. Solo artists may employ professional backing vocalists in studio recording sessions as well as during concerts, in many rock and metal bands, the musicians doing backup vocals also play instruments, such as guitar, electric bass, drums, or keyboards. In Latin or Afro-Cuban groups, backup singers may play percussion instruments or shakers while singing, in some pop and hip-hop groups and in musical theater, the backup singers may be required to perform elaborately choreographed dance routines while they sing through headset microphones. The style of singing used by backup singers varies according to the type of song, in pop and country songs, backup vocalists may perform vocal harmony parts to support the lead vocalist. In hardcore punk or rockabilly, other members who play instruments may sing or shout backup vocals during the chorus section of the songs. While some bands use performers whose sole on-stage role is performing backing vocals, two notable examples of band members who sang back-up are The Beach Boys and The Beatles. The Beach Boys were well known for their vocal harmonies, occasionally with all five members singing at once such as In My Room. All five members would sing lead, although most often Brian Wilson or Mike Love would sing lead with guitarists Carl Wilson and Al Jardine, examples of three-part harmonies by Lennon, McCartney and Harrison include Nowhere Man, Because, Day Tripper, and This Boy. Former guitarist John Frusciante of the Red Hot Chili Peppers sang nearly all backing vocals often singing some parts without accompaniment from lead vocalist Anthony Kiedis, the bands bassist Flea occasionally filled in for additional vocals. Frusciante usually sang one song by himself during concerts, another example is No Frontiers by The Corrs, which is sung by Sharon and Caroline. In the recording studio, some lead singers record their own backing vocals by overdubbing, one famous example is Freddie Mercury of Queen singing the first part of Bohemian Rhapsody himself by overdubbing. With the exception of a few songs on album, Dan Fogelberg, Eddie Rabbitt, David Bowie. Some bands, such as Hawthorne Heights and Finch have the backup singers do harsh vocals to highlight specific lyrics. Pop and R&B vocalists such as Diana Ross, Ariana Grande, Mariah Carey, Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, Beyoncé Knowles, Brandy, Faith Evans, DAngelo, when they perform live, they may have backing vocalists that impersonate their voices. Some bands use backing vocals in order to contrast with the singer who may be performing an unusual vocal technique. In rap music, a rapper who chants and rhymes to support the main artist is often referred to as hype man
26.
Electric guitar
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The vibrations of the strings are sensed by a pickup, of which the most common type is the magnetic pickup, which uses the principle of direct electromagnetic induction. The signal generated by a guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is plugged into a guitar amplifier before being sent to a loudspeaker. The output of a guitar is an electric signal. Invented in 1931, the electric guitar was adopted by jazz guitarists. Early proponents of the guitar on record included Les Paul, Lonnie Johnson, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, T-Bone Walker. During the 1950s and 1960s, the guitar became the most important instrument in pop music. It has evolved into an instrument that is capable of a multitude of sounds and styles in genres ranging from pop and rock to country music, blues and jazz. It served as a component in the development of electric blues, rock and roll, rock music, heavy metal music. Electric guitar design and construction vary greatly in the shape of the body and the configuration of the neck, bridge, Guitars may have a fixed bridge or a spring-loaded hinged bridge that lets players bend the pitch of notes or chords up or down or perform vibrato effects. The sound of a guitar can be modified by new playing techniques such as string bending, tapping, hammering on, using audio feedback, in a small group, such as a power trio, one guitarist switches between both roles. In larger rock and metal bands, there is often a rhythm guitarist, many experiments at electrically amplifying the vibrations of a string instrument were made dating back to the early part of the 20th century. Patents from the 1910s show telephone transmitters were adapted and placed inside violins, hobbyists in the 1920s used carbon button microphones attached to the bridge, however, these detected vibration from the bridge on top of the instrument, resulting in a weak signal. With numerous people experimenting with electrical instruments in the 1920s and early 1930s, Electric guitars were originally designed by acoustic guitar makers and instrument manufacturers. Some of the earliest electric guitars adapted hollow-bodied acoustic instruments and used tungsten pickups, the first electrically amplified guitar was designed in 1931 by George Beauchamp, the general manager of the National Guitar Corporation, with Paul Barth, who was vice president. The maple body prototype for the one-piece cast aluminum frying pan was built by Harry Watson, commercial production began in late summer of 1932 by the Ro-Pat-In Corporation, in Los Angeles, a partnership of Beauchamp, Adolph Rickenbacker, and Paul Barth. In 1934, the company was renamed the Rickenbacker Electro Stringed Instrument Company, in that year Beauchamp applied for a United States patent for an Electrical Stringed Musical Instrument and the patent was issued in 1937. The Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts provided players a full 25 scale, with 17 frets free of the fretboard and it is estimated that fewer than 50 Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts were constructed between 1933 and 1937, fewer than 10 are known to survive today. The need for the guitar became apparent during the big band era as orchestras increased in size, particularly when acoustic guitars had to compete with large
27.
Destructhor
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Thor Anders Myhren, better known as Destructhor, is a Norwegian musician and composer, currently the vocalist and guitarist for metal band Myrkskog. He is also the former guitarist for bands Morbid Angel and Zyklon and he joined Morbid Angel in 2008 and departed in 2015. He has worked as a live guitarist with 1349 including Inferno festival in 2008 and 2015, deathmachine Superior Massacre World ov Worms Aeon Disintegrate Storm Detonation Live Illud Divinum Insanus
28.
Blabbermouth.net
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Blabbermouth. net is a website dedicated to heavy metal and hard rock news, as well as album and music DVD reviews. Blabbermouth. net was founded and is run by Borivoj Krgin, the first version of the website was launched in March 2001, in October 2001, the record label Roadrunner Records began hosting it. Users can post comments to selected articles and album reviews. Founder Borivoj Krgin came up with the concept of Blabbermouth in January 2000, robert Kampf, a friend of Krgin who runs Century Media Records, was staying with Krgin in New York and set up a meeting with Gunter Ford of World Management. During the meeting, Ford suggested an idea for a heavy metal portal, a site which would offer news, merchandise, Ford wanted Kampf to be involved. Krgin disliked the idea and wished for a site that offered around-the-clock news, Krgin began researching how to develop and host his own website two months after the meeting. After a year Krgin felt comfortable going live, the initial primitive version of the site was launched on March 3,2001. In October of the same year Monte Conner, a friend of Krgin, and this way, Krgin could focus on Blabbermouth. nets content rather than the technical aspects involved in running a site. Blabbermouth. net is described by the London Free Press as a reliable industry, according to his own words, Krgin spends most of his time operating the site. When finding information relating to bands Krgin claims to search bands official websites, which are reported on immediately. Krgin supposedly sends e-mails and makes telephone calls daily to obtain new information, Blabbermouth. net has a submit news feature which has proved to be helpful to Krgin. When receiving a rumor he deems worthy of posting, Krgin will first research and contact people related to the band and its claimed that 90% of the information posted is either found online or is submitted directly to the website by bands, managers, labels or associated persons. Blabbermouth. net has been criticized by musicians and music industry persons for internet trolls, Krgin said he posts these articles to attract humorous comments from users, and as relief from the constant monotony of album news. Blabbermouth. net was visited by more than 1.2 million unique users each month, the busiest day so far was 298,000 unique visitors in a single 24-hour period over May 16,2010, due to the death of Ronnie James Dio. The second-busiest day was more than 200,000 unique visitors in a single 24-hour period, Blabbermouth. net is ranked as the 29,897 most trafficked Web sites according to Alexa. Prior to its recent change requiring users to log in with a Facebook account in order to post comments, Blabbermouth. net had more 101,000 registered users as of August 2011
29.
Metal Hammer
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Metal Hammer is a monthly heavy metal music magazine published in the United Kingdom by Future Plc, and in several other countries by different publishers. Metal Hammer articles feature both bands and more unusual acts from the whole spectrum of heavy metal music. On 19 December 2016, TeamRock called in the administrators with the loss of 73 jobs, teamRocks stable of titles including Classic Rock, Metal Hammer, and Prog, suspended publication in December 2016. On 8 January 2017, Metal Hammer, along with sister magazines Classic Rock, London-based Wilfried F. Rimensberger instigated the concept of MetalHammer magazine in 1983. At the time, he suggested to the infant Kerrang, Magazine in London that they should publish a German version, but the editors of the time were not interested. Rimensberger took the idea to Jürgen Wigginghaus, publisher of German MusikSzene magazine where Rimensberger was chief editor and he also approached some of Europes largest publishers such as Springer, Ringier and Bauer, but none were interested. Eventually, Wigginghaus used the Dortmunder Rocknacht as a test ground for the publication in Germany, Metalhammer had local language editions in Israel, Japan, Serbia, Spain, The Netherlands, Italy, Poland, Hungary, France. Metalhammer was also the first Western youth publication in the Soviet Union and this organization made the publication into the leading genre platform of the 1980s – and the global leader in his segment of the publishing market. Rimensberger was the promoter of the first Metalhammer Lorelei Festival, with leading metal acts such as Metallica, Motörhead and it was he who recommended Metallica to Peter Mensch for management. Rimensberger also linked the name Metal Hammer with other brands such as the BBC, MTV Metal Show with Bailey Brothers. Harry Doherty, formerly of Melody Maker, became the editor of the English-language Metal Hammer. He left to found the video magazine HardnHeavy, before being asked back by Wigginghaus to take all the European issues of Metal Hammer and other associated magazines. In association with Picture Music International, the arm of EMI Records, Doherty also launched the Metal Hammer Video Magazine, in direct competition with his earlier creation. Doherty left after a management dispute with Wigginghaus, harry Dohertys original personal assistant Sue Powell went on to manage the London-based offices under Wilfried F. Rimensberger. Rimensberger joined the crew of MTV Europe as a consultant to the director of network development. He also became a co-producer of Tom Galleys Phenomena project, organising its worldwide record deal and linking it with some of the best rock musicians and singers. He co-produced with Galley Dream Runner, Phenomenas best-selling album which has somewhat of a rock classic. Rimensberger also represented Stiletto Entertainment Los Angeles in Europe, and produced Nina Corti at the Royal Albert Hall and various TV productions for Swiss, German and UK TV
30.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
31.
Extended play
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An extended play is a musical recording that contains more tracks than a single, but is usually unqualified as an album or LP. EPs generally do not contain as many tracks as albums, and are considered less expensive, an EP originally referred to specific types of vinyl records other than 78 rpm standard play and LP, but it is now applied to mid-length CDs and downloads as well. Ricardo Baca of The Denver Post said, EPs—originally extended-play single releases that are shorter than traditional albums—have long been popular with punk, in the United Kingdom, the Official Chart Company defines a boundary between EP and album classification at 25 minutes of length or four tracks. EPs were released in various sizes in different eras, the earliest multi-track records, issued around 1919 by Grey Gull Records, were vertically cut 78 rpm discs known as 2-in-1 records. These had finer than usual grooves, like Edison Disc Records, by 1949, when the 45 rpm single and 33 1⁄3 rpm LP were competing formats, seven-inch 45 rpm singles had a maximum playing time of only about four minutes per side. Partly as an attempt to compete with the LP introduced in 1948 by rival Columbia, RCA Victor introduced Extended Play 45s during 1952. Their narrower grooves, achieved by lowering the levels and sound compression optionally. These were usually 10-inch LPs split onto two seven-inch EPs or 12-inch LPs split onto three seven-inch EPs, either separately or together in gatefold covers. This practice became less common with the advent of triple-speed-available phonographs. Some classical music albums released at the beginning of the LP era were distributed as EP albums—notably the seven operas that Arturo Toscanini conducted on radio between 1944 and 1954. These opera EPs, originally broadcast on the NBC Radio network and manufactured by RCA, in the 1990s, they began appearing on compact discs. During the 1950s, RCA published several EP albums of Walt Disney movies and these usually featured the original casts of actors and actresses. Each album contained two seven-inch records, plus an illustrated booklet containing the text of the recording, so that children could follow along by reading. Some of the titles included Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Pinocchio, and what was then a recent release, because of the popularity of 7 and other formats, SP records became less popular and the production of SPs in Japan was suspended in 1963. In the 1950s and 1960s, EPs were usually compilations of singles or album samplers and were played at 45 rpm on seven-inch discs. Record Retailer printed the first EP chart in 1960, the New Musical Express, Melody Maker, Disc and Music Echo and the Record Mirror continued to list EPs on their respective singles charts. The Beatles Twist and Shout outsold most singles for some weeks in 1963, when the BBC and Record Retailer commissioned the British Market Research Bureau to compile a chart it was restricted to singles and EPs disappeared from the listings. In the Philippines, seven-inch EPs marketed as mini-LPs were introduced in 1970, with tracks selected from an album and this mini-LP format also became popular in America in the early 1970s for promotional releases, and also for use in jukeboxes
32.
1349 (band)
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1349 is a Norwegian black metal band from Oslo, Norway, formed in 1997. The bands name comes from the year the Black Death reached Norway,1349 formed in 1997 and comprises several former members of the band Alvheim. Drummer Frost is also a member of Satyricon, in recognition of 1349s influences, the band performed a cover of Mayhems Buried by Time and Dust on their debut album, Liberation. At 1349s live shows, the band has also covered Celtic Frost,1349 tours on a regular basis. The bands live shows begin with Frost and guitarist Archaon breathing fire. In 2006,1349 toured the US with Celtic Frost, Ravn also appeared on the Celtic Frost album Monotheist, performing guest vocals on the CD digipack bonus track, Temple of Depression. In 2007, during the French Hellfest festival,1349 was slated to play during the day, in September 2008,1349 toured with Carcass, Suffocation, Aborted and Rotten Sound on the Exhume to Consume Tour. A music video for Sculptor of Flesh was released following the release of Hellfire, the video, directed by Judd Tilyard, alternates between footage of the band performing the song in Norway and clips of surgery filmed in Australia. During late 2008,1349 recorded its album, Revelations of the Black Flame. The album was co-mixed by Tom Gabriel Fischer, and was released in Europe on 25 May 2009. Revelations of the Black Flame marked a change in direction for the band, as songs on the album were slower than previous releases, and there were also some dark ambient and industrial-tinged tracks. At the beginning of 2010 the band signed a contract with Indie Recordings for the release of its album in Europe. 1349 toured with Cannibal Corpse, Skeletonwitch, and Lecherous Nocturne on the Evisceration Plague Tour, the band also performed at the Wacken Open Air and Summer Breeze Open Air festivals in August 2010. 1349 released its album, Demonoir, on 26 April 2010. The album shows a return to 1349s earlier sound, before Revelations of the Black Flame, while continuing the low-fi production,1349 toured Canada and the United States with Tom Gabriel Fischers project Triptykon in October 2010. A deluxe box set of Demonoir was released in October 2011, the bands first live DVD, titled Hellvetia Fire – The Official 1349 Bootleg, was released on 24 October 2011 by Candlelight Records. It was filmed at Bikini Test La Chaux De Fonds in Switzerland in 2005, in October 2013, the band began recording their sixth studio album, called Massive Cauldron of Chaos. On 10 December, the announced that the record was finished
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MusicBrainz
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MusicBrainz is a project that aims to create an open data music database that is similar to the freedb project. MusicBrainz was founded in response to the placed on the Compact Disc Database. MusicBrainz has expanded its goals to reach beyond a compact disc metadata storehouse to become an open online database for music. MusicBrainz captures information about artists, their works, and the relationships between them. Recorded works entries capture at a minimum the album title, track titles, and these entries are maintained by volunteer editors who follow community written style guidelines. Recorded works can also store information about the date and country. As of 26 July 2016, MusicBrainz contained information about roughly 1.1 million artists,1.6 million releases, end-users can use software that communicates with MusicBrainz to add metadata tags to their digital media files, such as MP3, Ogg Vorbis or AAC. As with other contributions, the MusicBrainz community is in charge for maintaining and reviewing the data, besides collecting metadata about music, MusicBrainz also allows looking up recordings by their acoustic fingerprint. A separate application, such as MusicBrainz Picard, must be used for this, in 2000, MusicBrainz started using Relatables patented TRM for acoustic fingerprint matching. This feature attracted many users and allowed the database to grow quickly, however, by 2005 TRM was showing scalability issues as the number of tracks in the database had reached into the millions. This issue was resolved in May 2006 when MusicBrainz partnered with MusicIP, tRMs were phased out and replaced by MusicDNS in November 2008. In October 2009 MusicIP was acquired by AmpliFIND, some time after the acquisition, the MusicDNS service began having intermittent problems. Since the future of the free service was uncertain, a replacement for it was sought. The Chromaprint acoustic fingerprinting algorithm, the basis for AcoustID identification service, was started in February 2010 by a long-time MusicBrainz contributor Lukáš Lalinský, while AcoustID and Chromaprint are not officially MusicBrainz projects, they are closely tied with each other and both are open source. Chromaprint works by analyzing the first two minutes of a track, detecting the strength in each of 12 pitch classes, storing these 8 times per second, additional post-processing is then applied to compress this fingerprint while retaining patterns. The AcoustID search server then searches from the database of fingerprints by similarity, since 2003, MusicBrainzs core data are in the public domain, and additional content, including moderation data, is placed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-SA-2.0 license. The relational database management system is PostgreSQL, the server software is covered by the GNU General Public License. The MusicBrainz client software library, libmusicbrainz, is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License, in December 2004, the MusicBrainz project was turned over to the MetaBrainz Foundation, a non-profit group, by its creator Robert Kaye
