1.
Horror film
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Horror film is a film genre that seeks to elicit a negative emotional reaction from viewers by playing on their fears. Inspired by literature from authors like Edgar Allan Poe, Bram Stoker, the macabre and the supernatural are frequent themes. Horror may also overlap with the fantasy, supernatural fiction and thriller genres, Horror films often deal with viewers nightmares, fears, revulsions and terror of the unknown. Plots within the genre often involve the intrusion of an evil force, event. Another of his projects was 1898s La Caverne maudite. Japan made early forays into the genre with Bake Jizo and Shinin no Sosei. The era featured a slew of literary adaptations, with the works of Poe and Dante, in 1908, Selig Polyscope Company produced Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. In 1910, Edison Studios produced the first filmed version of Frankenstein, the macabre nature of the source materials used made the films synonymous with the horror film genre. Before and during the Weimar Republic era, German Expressionist filmmakers would significantly influence later productions, the first vampire-themed movie, Nosferatu, was made during this period, though it was an unauthorized adaptation of Bram Stokers Dracula. Other European countries also, contributed to the genre during this period, though the word horror to describe the film genre would not be used until the 1930s, earlier American productions often relied on horror themes. Some notable examples include The Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Phantom of the Opera, The Cat and the Canary, The Unknown, and The Man Who Laughs. Many of these films were considered dark melodramas because of their stock characters and emotion-heavy plots that focused on romance, violence, suspense. The trend of inserting an element of macabre into American pre-horror melodramas continued into the 1920s, directors known for relying on macabre in their films during the 1920s were Maurice Tourneur, Rex Ingram, and Tod Browning. Ingrams The Magician contains one of the first examples of a mad doctor and is said to have had a influence on James Whales version of Frankenstein. The Unholy Three is an example of Brownings use of macabre and unique style of morbidity, he remade the film in 1930 as a talkie, during the early period of talking pictures, Universal Pictures began a successful Gothic horror film series. Tod Brownings Dracula was quickly followed by James Whales Frankenstein and The Old Dark House, some of these films blended science fiction with Gothic horror, such as Whales The Invisible Man and featured a mad scientist, mirroring earlier German films. Frankenstein was the first in a series of remakes which lasted for years, the Mummy introduced Egyptology as a theme, Make-up artist Jack Pierce was responsible for the iconic image of the monster, and others in the series. Universals horror cycle continued into the 1940s with B-movies including The Wolf Man, the once controversial Freaks, based on the short story Spurs, was made by MGM, though the studio disowned the completed film, and it remained banned, in the UK, for thirty years
2.
Forensic science
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Forensic scientists collect, preserve, and analyze scientific evidence during the course of an investigation. In addition to their role, forensic scientists testify as expert witnesses in both criminal and civil cases and can work for either the prosecution or the defense. While any field could technically be forensic, certain sections have developed over time to encompass the majority of forensically related cases, the word forensic comes from the Latin term forensis, meaning of or before the forum. The history of the term originates from Roman times, during which a charge meant presenting the case before a group of public individuals in the forum. Both the person accused of the crime and the accuser would give speeches based on their sides of the story, the case would be decided in favor of the individual with the best argument and delivery. This origin is the source of the two usages of the word forensic – as a form of legal evidence and as a category of public presentation. In modern use, the term forensics in the place of science can be considered correct. However, the term is now so closely associated with the field that many dictionaries include the meaning that equates the word forensics with forensic science. The ancient world lacked standardized forensic practices, which aided criminals in escaping punishment, Criminal investigations and trials heavily relied on forced confessions and witness testimony. However, ancient sources do contain several accounts of techniques that foreshadow concepts in science that were developed centuries later. The first written account of using medicine and entomology to solve criminal cases is attributed to the book of Xi Yuan Lu, written in China by Song Ci in 1248, during the Song Dynasty. In one of the accounts, the case of a person murdered with a sickle was solved by an investigator who instructed everyone to bring his sickle to one location, flies, attracted by the smell of blood, eventually gathered on a single sickle. In light of this, the murderer confessed, methods from around the world involved saliva and examination of the mouth and tongue to determine innocence or guilt, as a precursor to the Polygraph test. In ancient India, some suspects were made to fill their mouths with dried rice, similarly, in Ancient China, those accused of a crime would have rice powder placed in their mouths. In ancient middle-eastern cultures, the accused were made to lick hot metal rods briefly, in 16th-century Europe, medical practitioners in army and university settings began to gather information on the cause and manner of death. Ambroise Paré, a French army surgeon, systematically studied the effects of violent death on internal organs, two Italian surgeons, Fortunato Fidelis and Paolo Zacchia, laid the foundation of modern pathology by studying changes that occurred in the structure of the body as the result of disease. In the late 18th century, writings on these began to appear. Two examples of English forensic science in individual legal proceedings demonstrate the use of logic
3.
Desert island
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A desert island, deserted island or uninhabited island is an island that is not permanently populated by humans. Uninhabited islands are used in movies or stories about shipwrecked people. Some uninhabited islands are protected as reserves and some are privately owned. Devon Island in Canada is claimed to be the largest uninhabited island in the world, small coral atolls or islands usually have no source of fresh water, but at times a fresh water lens can be reached with a well. Uninhabited islands are also called deserted islands or desert islands. In the latter, the adjective desert connotes not desert climate conditions, the word desert has been formerly applied more widely to any wild, uninhabited region, including forest-land, and it is this archaic meaning that appears in the phrase desert island. Similarly, the deserted island does not imply that the island was previously inhabited. The term desert island is commonly used figuratively to refer to objects or behavior in conditions of social isolation. Behavior on an island is a common thought experiment, for example. Appat Island, Greenland Kermadec Islands in the South Pacific, part of New Zealand Astola Island, Baluchistan Devon Island,55,247 km2, many small islands off the coast of Greece A majority of islands in the Barra Isles archipelago. The most famous of abandoned islands is located at the southernmost point of the outer Hebrides. The protagonists in both are children living in seclusion on a deserted island, until they eventually come in contact with castaways from the outside world who are stranded on the island. The story of Theologus Autodidactus, however, extends beyond the island setting when the castaways take Kamil back to civilization with them. William Shakespeares 1610–11 play, The Tempest, uses the idea of being stranded on an island as a pretext for the action of the play. In the late 17th century, Philosophus Autodidactus inspired Robert Boyle, Ibn al-Nafis Theologus Autodidactus was also eventually translated into English in the early 20th century. The novel features Man Friday, Crusoes personal assistant and it is also likely that he was inspired by the Latin or English translations of Ibn Tufails Philosophus Autodidactus. Tom Neale was a New Zealander who voluntarily spent 16 years in three sessions in the 1950s and 1960s living alone on the island of Suwarrow in the northern Cook Islands group and his time there is documented in his autobiography, An Island To Oneself. Significant novels set on deserted islands include The Swiss Family Robinson, The Coral Island, The Mysterious Island, Lord of the Flies, The Cay, juana Maria, a Native American woman, was stranded for 18 years on San Nicolas Island off California in the 19th century
4.
Walkie-talkie
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A walkie-talkie is a hand-held, portable, two-way radio transceiver. Its development during the Second World War has been credited to Donald L. Hings, radio engineer Alfred J. Gross. First used for infantry, similar designs were created for field artillery and tank units, typical walkie-talkies resemble a telephone handset, with a speaker built into one end and a microphone in the other and an antenna mounted on the top of the unit. They are held up to the face to talk, a walkie-talkie is a half-duplex communication device, multiple walkie-talkies use a single radio channel, and only one radio on the channel can transmit at a time, although any number can listen. The transceiver is normally in receive mode, when the user wants to talk he presses a button that turns off the receiver. The walkie-talkie was developed by the US military during World War 2, the first radio transceiver to be widely nicknamed Walkie-Talkie was the backpacked Motorola SCR-300, created by an engineering team in 1940 at the Galvin Manufacturing Company. The team consisted of Dan Noble, who conceived of the design using frequency modulation, Henryk Magnuski, who was the principal RF engineer, Marion Bond, Lloyd Morris, the first hand-held walkie-talkie was the AM SCR-536 transceiver also made by Motorola, named the Handie-Talkie. The terms are often confused today, but the original walkie-talkie referred to the back mounted model, both devices used vacuum tubes and were powered by high voltage dry cell batteries. Canadian inventor Donald Hings is also credited with the invention of the walkie-talkie and he called the system a packset, but it later became known as the walkie-talkie. In 2001, Hings was formally decorated for its significance to the war effort, Hings model C-58 Handy-Talkie was in military service by 1942, the result of a secret R&D effort that began in 1940. Following World War II, Raytheon developed the SCR-536s military replacement, the AN/PRC-6 circuit used 13 vacuum tubes, a second set of 13 tubes was supplied with the unit as running spares. The unit was set with one crystal which could be changed to a different frequency in the field by replacing the crystal. It used a 24 inch whip antenna, there was an optional handset H-33C/PT that could be connected to the AN/PRC-6 by a 5-foot cable. An adjustable strap was provided for carrying and support while operating, the AN/PRC-68 was first produced in 1976 by Magnavox, was issued to the Marines in the 1980s, and was adopted by the US Army as well. Public safety or commercial users generally refer to their handhelds simply as radios, surplus Motorola Handie Talkies found their way into the hands of ham radio operators immediately following World War II. Motorolas public safety radios of the 1950s and 1960s, were loaned or donated to ham groups as part of the Civil Defense program, to avoid trademark infringement, other manufacturers use designations such as Handheld Transceiver or Handie Transceiver for their products. Some cellular telephone networks offer a push-to-talk handset that allows operation over the cellular network. However, the provider must be accessible
5.
Jumpsuit
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Jumpsuit is a piece of clothing, originally referred to the functional one-piece garments used by parachuters/skydivers. More recently, it has come to be used as a term for any one-piece garment with sleeves and legs and typically, though not always, without integral coverings for feet. The original skydivers jumpsuits were simple garments designed to insulate the body from the cold of high altitudes and minimize risk of covering important handles, today, however, the garment has found other uses. Jumpsuits are generally regarded as a garment of convenience, as they are simpler to launder, put on, unless the jumpsuit has a drop seat, however, it is necessary to remove it entirely for bathroom use. Drivers in motor racing wear jumpsuits for protection against fire and leather suits for abrasion, skiers wear insulated jumpsuits or ski suits to protect themselves from cold. Competitive skiers and speed skaters wear skin-tight jumpsuits to provide freedom of movement while minimising air resistance, skydivers wear technical jumpsuits as main sport equipment for todays sport skydiving. The jumpsuit has sometimes been mandated as a uniform, as it can be a unisex garment. Prisons in the United States and sometimes in Canada use bright orange jumpsuit uniforms for inmates for ease of identification, like other forms of distinctive prison uniforms, such clothing is easily distinguishable from that of civilians in the case of escape, thus aiding in escapees identification and recapture. University and polytechnic students in Finland and Sweden often wear jumpsuits colored according to their school or field of study at student parties, in countries with colder climates, snowsuits, or jumpsuits quilted or padded for warmth, are popular during the wintertime. Starting in the 1960s, the jumpsuit has made appearances in common. They retain connotations of the future because they have frequently featured in popular science fiction. Jumpsuits have often used as stage costumes in stage productions and by various singers. A black leather jumpsuit is part of Suzi Quatros image, catsuits, or skin-tight jumpsuits of shiny fabric, have also been popular on stage. On the original 1987 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles cartoon series, the news TV reporter April ONeil is well known for wearing a yellow jumpsuit. The shop owner promises Sam that this Parisian nightsuit will make him look like a man of distinction, david Sugalski, also known as The Polish Ambassador, is an electronic music artist that makes use of a vintage neon-yellow Swiss jumpsuit during his live shows. In the Portal video game series, the playable protagonist, Chell, wears an orange jumpsuit. In the British TV Series, Misfits, all of the ASBO characters wear orange jumpsuits, curtis notably wears his tied off at the waist. In the Fallout video game series, humans who live in the series of fallout shelters wear blue and yellow jumpsuits with the number of the particular vault on the back
6.
Death row
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Death row is a special section of a prison in the United States that houses inmates who are awaiting execution after being sentenced to death for the conviction of a capital crime. The US is the only Western country that applies the death penalty for capital crimes. Thirty-one of its 50 states and the federal government authorize this penalty, Death row is a term also used figuratively to describe the state of awaiting execution, even in places where no special facility or separate unit for condemned inmates exists. After a person is guilty of a capital offense, the judge will give the jury the option of imposing a death sentence or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. It is up to a jury to decide whether to give the death sentence, if sentenced to death, a convict will remain on death row during appeal and habeas corpus procedures, which can take years. Since 1973 and later, with an number of persons being freed since 1993, some 157 persons as of January 2017 have been exonerated on appeal. Alabama is the state in the United States that allows a judge to overrule even a unanimous jury decision. Judges are elected to office and some run on their record of imposing the death penalty, in 2016 Florida repealed its law to allow judicial intervention and the Delaware Supreme Court ruled that year that the practice was unconstitutional. If sentenced to death, a convict will remain on death row during appeal and habeas corpus procedures, in the United States,157 inmates have been exonerated and freed from death row from 1973 to January 2017. An increasing number of these exonerations have been won since 1993, Louisiana and several other states hold people on death row in solitary confinement and extreme isolation, in windowless cells 23 hours a day, with virtually no human contact except with guards. Such prisoners are not allowed to take part in any educational or work programs, opponents of capital punishment claim that a prisoners extreme social isolation on death row and uncertainty over his or her fate constitute a form of mental cruelty. Long-time death row inmates are liable to become ill, if they are not already. This is referred to as the death row phenomenon, in extreme cases some inmates may attempt to commit suicide. Each man had held in solitary more than 25 years. Angola has 71 prisoners on death row, but the state has executed a small proportion of such prisoners, so inmates sentenced to death may serve nearly life in solitary. In the United States, prisoners may wait many years as they appeal their convictions or sentences, the time between sentencing and execution has increased relatively steadily from 1977, when some states reinstated their death penalties through new legislation, to 2010. There was a 22% jump between 1989 and 1990, as DNA evidence began to be used regularly in trial. Finding evidence and testing of DNA took more time, although the use of lethal injections was declared constitutional, there has been increasing controversy associated with its use
7.
Molotov cocktail
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A Molotov cocktail, also known as a petrol bomb, bottle bomb, poor mans grenade, fire bomb or just Molotov, is a generic name used for a variety of bottle-based improvised incendiary weapons. They are primarily intended to set targets ablaze rather than obliterate them, the name Molotov cocktail was coined by the Finns during the Winter War. The name was a reference to Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov. The Finns sarcastically dubbed the Soviet cluster bombs Molotov bread baskets in reference to Molotovs propaganda broadcasts, when the hand-held bottle firebomb was developed to attack Soviet tanks, the Finns called it the Molotov cocktail, as a drink to go with the food. The wick is soaked in alcohol or kerosene, rather than petrol. In action, the wick is lit and the bottle hurled at a target such as a vehicle or fortification. When the bottle smashes on impact, the cloud of petrol droplets and vapour ignites. Other flammable liquids such as fuel, methanol, turpentine, jet fuel. Improvised incendiary devices were used for the first time in the Spanish Civil War between July 1936 and April 1939, before they became known as Molotov cocktails, after that, both sides used simple petrol bombs or petrol-soaked blankets with some success. Tom Wintringham, a veteran of the International Brigades, later publicised his recommended method of using them, We made use of petrol bombs roughly as follows, take a heavy curtain, half a blanket, or some other heavy material. Wrap this over the mouth of the jar, tie it round the neck with string, when you want to use it have somebody standing by with a light. Put a corner of the material down in front of you, turn the bottle over so that petrol soaks out round the mouth of the bottle and drips on to this corner of the material. Turn the bottle right way up again, hold it in right hand, most of the blanket bunched beneath the bottle. When near enough, your pal lights the petrol soaked corner of the blanket, throw the bottle and blanket as soon as this corner is flaring. See that it drops in front of the tank, the blanket should catch in the tracks or in a cog-wheel, or wind itself round an axle. Do not play with these things, the Battle of Khalkhin Gol, a border conflict of 1939 ostensibly between Mongolia and Manchukuo, saw heavy fighting between Japanese and Soviet forces. Short of anti-tank equipment, Japanese infantry attacked Soviet tanks with gasoline-filled bottles, Japanese infantrymen claimed that several hundred Soviet tanks had been destroyed this way, though Soviet loss records do not support this assessment. On 30 November 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Finland, starting what came to be known as the Winter War, the Finns perfected the design and tactical use of the petrol bomb
8.
Katharine Isabelle
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Katharine Isabelle is a Canadian actress best known as a scream queen for her roles in various horror films. Born in Vancouver, British Columbia, she made her debut as a child in Cousins, followed by supporting roles in numerous films. Initially credited as Katie Murray, she began using the name Katherine Isobel. She has starred in the horror films, Ginger Snaps, its sequel, Ginger Snaps 2, Unleashed. Her portrayal of the teen, Ginger Fitzgerald, became one of her most notable roles. Additional roles in films include Disturbing Behavior, Carrie, Freddy vs. Jason,30 Days of Night, Dark Days. Katharine Isabelle was born on November 2,1981 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Graeme Murray is an art director and production designer who has won two Emmy Awards for his work on the television series The X-Files, for which he created special effects. Her mother, Gail Murray, is an amateur Vancouver writer and producer, Katharine is the sister of journalist and former child actor Joshua Murray. In 1989, Isabelle broke into acting with parts in the films Cousins, Cold Front, in 1992, she played the role of Erica Sanderson in Knight Moves. American audiences took notice of her performance as Lindsay Clark in the teen thriller, in 2000, Isabelle had the lead role in Ginger Snaps. Its popular sequels in 2004 gave her a following among fans of the genre. She also portrayed Tia in Bones, Paige Fleming in Turning Paige, Isabelle also appeared in several independent films, including Falling Angels, On the Corner, The Last Casino, Everythings Gone Green, the short film Favourite People List, and Frankie and Alice. More recently she has appeared in 13 Eerie, Torment, in 2014, she starred in See No Evil 2. Isabelle has appeared in television series throughout her career, including The X-Files, Da Vincis Inquest, Smallville. She portrayed Margot Verger in the second and third seasons of the NBC TV series Hannibal, in 2015, Isabelle starred in the thriller film 88 and the horror film The Girl in the Photographs. That year she starred in the indie film How to Plan an Orgy in a Small Town alongside Jewel Staite, Lauren Lee Smith, Katharine Isabelle at the Internet Movie Database
9.
Michael Shanks
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Michael Garrett Shanks is a Canadian actor, writer and director. He is known for playing Dr. Daniel Jackson in the long-running Canadian–American military science fiction television series Stargate SG-1, more recently, Shanks has been playing Dr. Charles Harris on the Canadian medical drama, Saving Hope. Shanks was born in Vancouver, and grew up in Kamloops and he made several guest appearances throughout the sixth season playing his own character, as well as voicing the Asgard character Thor. Shanks returned for the seventh and subsequent seasons, winning the Leo Award for Best Lead Performance By A Male in a Dramatic Series in 2004 for the season episode Lifeboat. During the series tenth and final season, he signed up for 16 of the 20 episodes, in 2004, Shanks made a crossover appearance in the Stargate Atlantis pilot, Rising. He also appeared in the tenth and eleventh episodes of Atlantis fifth and final season and he also appeared in the episodes Human and Subversion. In 2001, Shanks guest starred in the episode Star-Crossed in the Sci-Fi series Andromeda, during which he met his future wife, coincidentally, they played two androids who fell in love with each other. In 2002, Shanks starred in the German/UK/South African co-production Sumuru and he also auditioned for the role of Shinzon in Star Trek Nemesis. In 2007, Shanks joined the Fox Network series 24, guest-starring as lobbyist Mark Bishop in an arc for season 6. He appeared in the episode All That Glitters, with a mention of his character in the episode A Night At Global Dynamics. Shanks was featured in a role in the SciFi Channels adventure film, The Lost Treasure of the Grand Canyon as Jacob Thain opposite Beverly Hills,90210. The film premiered on the network on December 20,2008. In 2010, Shanks appeared in an episode of Sanctuary, which stars fellow Stargate actor Amanda Tapping, in the same year he starred in the film Arctic Blast, a disaster film, as physicist Jack Tate. Shanks latest television guest roles were as archaeologist Carter Hall, DC Comics superhero Hawkman, Shanks stars in the Canadian thriller Faces in the Crowd. Shanks has also starred in the Fox comedy The Good Guys as the leader of the Strike Force. In 2011, Shanks was the guest star in the episode of the Showcase show Endgame. In 2012, Shanks returned to primetime as Dr. Charles Charlie Harris on Saving Hope, reuniting with Stargate SG-1, Shanks eldest daughter is from his relationship with model and actress Vaitiare Bandera, who portrayed Share his characters wife, on Stargate SG-1. On August 2,2003, Shanks married actress Lexa Doig and they have a daughter and a son together
10.
Feature film
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A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession, the process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. The word cinema, short for cinematography, is used to refer to the industry of films. Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a photochemical process, the adoption of CGI-based special effects led to the use of digital intermediates. Most contemporary films are now fully digital through the process of production, distribution. Films recorded in a form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack. It runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it and is not projected, Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them, Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating—or indoctrinating—citizens. The visual basis of film gives it a power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles to translate the dialog into the language of the viewer, some have criticized the film industrys glorification of violence and its potentially negative treatment of women. The individual images that make up a film are called frames, the perception of motion is due to a psychological effect called phi phenomenon. The name film originates from the fact that film has historically been the medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for a motion picture, including picture, picture show, moving picture, photoplay. The most common term in the United States is movie, while in Europe film is preferred. Terms for the field, in general, include the big screen, the screen, the movies, and cinema. In early years, the sheet was sometimes used instead of screen. Preceding film in origin by thousands of years, early plays and dances had elements common to film, scripts, sets, costumes, production, direction, actors, audiences, storyboards, much terminology later used in film theory and criticism apply, such as mise en scène. Owing to the lack of any technology for doing so, the moving images, the magic lantern, probably created by Christiaan Huygens in the 1650s, could be used to project animation, which was achieved by various types of mechanical slides
