1.
225 Bush Street
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225 Bush Street, originally known as the Standard Oil Building, is a 328-foot, 25-floor office building in the financial district of San Francisco. The building includes 21 floors of space,1 floor of retail,1 storage floor and 2 basement levels including the garage. It was the tallest building in the city from its completion in 1922 until 1925 and it contains approximately 560,000 sq ft of rentable space. It is a building, serving as the headquarters for Standard Oil of California, now Chevron. Architect George W. Kelham designed the Standard Oil Building for John D. Rockefeller, composed of two buildings, the old wing was built in the 1920s. The new wing was built in the 1950s
2.
Russ Building
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The Russ Building is a Neo-Gothic office tower located in the Financial District of San Francisco, California. The 133-metre building was completed in 1927 and had 32 floors as well as the citys first indoor parking garage. It was the tallest building in San Francisco from 1927 to 1964 and one of the most prominent, along with its 133-metre twin, today the Russ Building takes this place in San Francisco. By its size and location and by the character of its tenants the building becomes indeed—The Center of Western Progress. ”However, Manhattanization from 1960 to 1990 has shrouded the tower in a shell of skyscrapers, the tower is a California Historical Landmark. Until the emergence of Sand Hill Road in the 1980s, many of the largest venture capital firms held offices in the Russ Building, eliel Saarinens Tribune Tower design PacBell Building List of tallest buildings in San Francisco Woodbridge, Sally B. The Russ Building at Shorenstein Properties The Russ Buildings Tenant Handbook The Russ Building at The Swig Company
3.
San Francisco
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
4.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
5.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
6.
Perkins and Will
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Perkins+Will is an American architecture and design firm established in 1935. The firm was established by Lawrence Perkins and Philip Will, Perkins and Will met while studying architecture at Cornell University. The company was founded in Chicago, the company attracted national attention in 1940 with the Crow Island School in Winnetka, Illinois, designed in association with Eliel Saarinen and Eero Saarinen. In 1986, Perkins+Will was bought by Dar Al-Handasah, a Lebanese consulting firm, in March 2014, Perkins + Will announced its planned acquisition of The Freelon Group, led by Philip Freelon. After the close of the transaction, Freelon is expected to join Perkins + Will’s board of directors and become managing, the firms website claims to have more Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design accredited professionals than any other design firm in North America. In 2011, Perkins+Will announced the LEED-ND platinum level certification for its 100th sustainable building, great River Energy Corporate Headquarters in Maple Grove, MN - a LEED Platinum Building that is the first to combine Lake Source Geo-Exchange with displacement ventilation. The building has a wind turbine. Discovery Health Center – 1st LEED NC Certified ambulatory care facility in the country, arlington Free Clinic – 1st LEED CI Gold free health clinic in the USA. Rush University Medical Center, Orthopedic Ambulatory Building – Largest LEED CS Gold healthcare building in the country, target Retail Store - the first LEED Certified store for this company
7.
South of Market, San Francisco
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SoMa is home to many of the citys museums, to the headquarters of several major software and Internet companies, and to the Moscone Conference Center. The areas boundaries are Market Street to the northwest, San Francisco Bay to the northeast, Mission Creek to the southeast and it is the part of the city in which the street grid runs parallel and perpendicular to Market Street. As with many neighborhoods, the boundaries of the South of Market area are fuzzy. From 1848 until the construction of the Central Freeway in the 1950s, since the 1950s, the boundary has been either 10th Street, 11th Street, or the Central Freeway. Similarly, the entire Mission Bay neighborhood may or may not be counted as part of SoMa, redevelopment agencies, social service agencies, and community activists frequently exclude the more prosperous areas between the waterfront and 3rd Street. Some social service agencies and nonprofits count the economically distressed area around 6th, 7th, the terms South of Market and SoMa refer to both a comparatively large district of the city as well as a much smaller neighborhood. Before being called South of Market this area was called South of the Slot, while the cable cars have long since disappeared from Market Street, some old timers still refer to this area as South of the Slot. Since 1847, the name of the South of Market area has been the 100 Vara Survey or simply 100 Vara for short. Since the mid-20th century, the name has been gradually forgotten, and today is found mainly in history books, legal documents, title deeds. At the time, the streets of San Francisco were aligned approximately with the points, running north to south. Each block was divided into six lots 50 varas on a side. e, northeast to southwest, and northwest to southeast. He also decided to make the new blocks twice as long and twice as wide, finally, OFarrell created a grand promenade linking the old pueblo with the new subdivision, Market Street. Since then, downtown San Francisco north of Lower Market Street has been known as 50 Vara. Rincon Hill became an enclave for the wealthy, while nearby South Park became an enclave for the middle class. The neighborhood became a largely working-class and lower-middle-class community of recent European immigrants, sweatshops, power stations, flophouses, the 1906 earthquake completely destroyed the area, and many of the quakes fatalities occurred there. Following the quake, the area was rebuilt with wider than usual streets, the construction of the Bay Bridge and U. S. Route 101 during the 1930s saw large swaths of the area demolished, including most of the original Rincon Hill. The waterfront redevelopment of the Embarcadero in the 1950s pushed a new population into this area in the 1960s, the incipient gay community, and the leather community in particular. From 1962 until 1982, the gay community grew and thrived throughout South of Market, most visibly along Folsom Street
8.
Art Deco
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Art Deco, sometimes simply referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I. It took its name, short for Arts Decorators, from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes held in Paris in 1925 and it combined modernist styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials. During its heyday, Art Deco represented luxury, glamour, exuberance, Art Deco was a pastiche of many different styles, sometimes contradictory, united by a desire to be modern. It featured rare and expensive materials such as ebony and ivory, the Chrysler Building and other skyscrapers of New York were the most visible monuments of the new style. In the 1930s, during the Great Depression, the became more subdued. New materials arrived, including chrome plating, stainless steel and plastic, a more sleek form of the style, called Streamline Moderne, appeared in the 1930s, it featured curving forms and smooth, polished surfaces. Art Deco became one of the first truly international architectural styles, with examples found in European cities, the style came to an end with the beginning of World War II. Deco was replaced as the dominant global style by the functional and unadorned styles of modernism. The term arts décoratifs was first used in France in 1858, in 1868, Le Figaro newspaper used the term art décoratifs with respect to objects for stage scenery created for the Théâtre de lOpéra. In 1875, furniture designers, textile, jewelry and glass designers and it took its present name of ENSAD in 1927. The term Art déco was then used in a 1966 newspaper article by Hillary Gelson in the Times, describing the different styles at the exhibit. Art Deco gained currency as a broadly applied stylistic label in 1968 when historian Bevis Hillier published the first major book on the style. Hillier noted that the term was already being used by art dealers and cites The Times, in 1971, Hillier organized an exhibition at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, which he details in his book about it, The World of Art Deco. The emergence of Art Deco was closely connected with the rise in status of decorative artists, the term arts décoratifs had been invented in 1875, giving the designers of furniture, textiles, and other decoration official status. The Société des artistes décorateurs, or SAD, was founded in 1901, a similar movement developed in Italy. The first international exhibition devoted entirely to the arts, the Esposizione international dArte decorative moderna, was held in Turin in 1902. Several new magazines devoted to decorative arts were founded in Paris, including Arts et décoration, Decorative arts sections were introduced into the annual salons of the Sociéte des artistes français, and later in the Salon dautomne. French nationalism also played a part in the resurgence of decorative arts, in 1911 the SAD proposed the holding of a major new international exposition of decorative arts in 1912
9.
St. Regis Museum Tower
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The tower is bounded by Mission Street and 3rd Street, and is operated by Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide. The tower was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and constructed by Webcor Builders with Architectural Glass, construction began on the highrise sometime around 2001. The project was completed in 2005 along with the retrofit of the historic nine-story Williams Building, the tower houses 102 luxury condominiums,269 hotel rooms, a 4-story subterranean parking garage, and the Museum of the African Diaspora. Its many prominent tenants led Fortune magazine to call the home to one of the bigger groups of power players in the world. The St. InterContinental Hotel San Francisco Four Seasons W Hotel San Francisco List of tallest buildings in San Francisco
10.
San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
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The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art is a modern art museum located in San Francisco, California. A nonprofit organization, SFMOMA holds an internationally recognized collection of modern and contemporary art, the museum’s current collection includes over 33,000 works of painting, sculpture, photography, architecture, design, and media arts. They are displayed in 170,000 square feet of space, making the museum one of the largest in the United States overall. SFMOMA reopened on May 14,2016, following a major expansion project. SFMOMA was founded in 1935 under director Grace L. McCann Morley as the San Francisco Museum of Art, for its first sixty years, the museum occupied the fourth floor of the War Memorial Veterans Building on Van Ness Avenue in the Civic Center. A gift of 36 artworks from Albert M. Bender, including The Flower Carrier by Diego Rivera, Bender donated more than 1,100 objects to SFMOMA during his lifetime and endowed the museums first purchase fund. The museum began its second year with an exhibition of works by Henri Matisse, in this same year the museum established its photography collection, becoming one of the first museums to recognize photography as a fine art. SFMOMA held its first architecture exhibition, entitled Telesis, Space for Living, SFMOMA was obliged to move to a temporary facility on Post Street in March 1945 to make way for the United Nations Conference on International Organization. The museum returned to its original Van Ness location in July, later that year SFMOMA hosted Jackson Pollocks first solo museum exhibition. Founding director Grace Morley held film screenings at the beginning in 1937. In 1946 Morley brought in filmmaker Frank Stauffacher to found SFMOMA’s influential Art in Cinema film series, SFMOMA continued its expansion into new media with the 1951 launch of a biweekly television program entitled Art in Your Life. The series, later renamed Discovery, ran for three years, Morley ended her 23-year tenure as museum director in 1958 and was succeeded by George D. Culler and Gerald Nordland. The museum rose to prominence under director Henry T. Hopkins. Since 1967, SFMOMA has honored San Francisco Bay Area artists with its biennial SECA Art Award, the positions of director of education and director of photography were elevated to full curatorial roles. At this time SFMOMA took on a special exhibitions program. Including major presentations of the work of Jeff Koons, Sigmar Polke, in January 1995 the museum opened its current location at 151 Third Street, adjacent to Yerba Buena Gardens in the SOMA district. Mario Botta, a Swiss architect from Canton Ticino, designed the new US$60 million facility, Art patron Phyllis Wattis helped the museum acquire key works by Magritte, Mondrian, Andy Warhol, Eva Hesse and Wayne Thiebaud. SFMOMA made a number of important acquisitions under the direction of David A and those and acquisitions of works by Jasper Johns, Mark Rothko, Francis Bacon, Alexander Calder, Chuck Close and Frank Stella put the institution in the top ranks of American museums of modern art
11.
Storey
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A storey or story is any level part of a building that could be used by people. The plurals are storeys and stories respectively, the terms floor, level, or deck can also be used in this sense, except that one may use ground floor and ground level for the floor closer to what is considered the ground or street level. The words storey and floor also generally exclude levels of the building that have no roof, houses commonly have only one or two floors. Buildings are often classified as low-rise, mid-rise and high-rise according to how many levels they contain, the tallest skyscraper in the world, Burj Khalifa, has 163 floors. As of 2013, the tallest planned skyscraper, Sky City, is planned to have 202 floors, the height of each storey is based on the ceiling height of the rooms plus the thickness of the floors between each pane. Generally this is around 10 feet total, however, it varies widely from just under this figure to well over it, storeys within a building need not be all the same height — often the lobby is more spacious, for example. Additionally, higher levels may be smaller in volume than the ones beneath them, in English, the principal floor or main floor of a house is the floor that contains the chief apartments, it is usually the ground floor, or the floor above. In Italy the main floor of a home is usually above the ground level, the attic or loft is a storey just below the buildings roof, its ceiling is often pitched and/or at a different height than that of other floors. A penthouse is an apartment on the topmost storey of a building. A basement is a storey below the main or ground floor, split-level homes have floors that offset from each other by less than the height of a full storey. A mezzanine, in particular, is typically a floor halfway between the floor and the next higher floor. Homes with a split-level entry have the main floor raised half a storey height above the street entrance level. In Macys Herald Square, there is a one and a floor between the first and second, this can be considered a split level floor. There are also car parks, also known as parking garages. Floor numbering is the scheme used for a buildings floors. There are two major schemes in use across the world, in one system, used in the majority of European countries, the ground floor is the floor literally on the ground and often has no number or is assigned the number 0. Therefore, the floor up is assigned the number 1 and is the first floor. The other system, used primarily in the United States and Canada, counts the bottom floor as the first floor, the existence of two incompatible conventions is a common source of confusion in international communication, sometimes even between communities who speak the same language
12.
650 California Street
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650 California Street, also known as the Hartford Building, is a 34 story,142 m, office tower on the northwestern edge of San Franciscos Financial District. The tower is located on California Street on the edge of Chinatown,650 California is visible from every direction except from the southeast, where the Financial District skyscrapers block the view. The building was designed by Edward Charles Bassett of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill for Hartford Insurance, when this tower was completed in 1964, it was the second in San Francisco larger than 400,000 sq ft. It also became Californias tallest building, replacing both the Russ Building in San Francisco and the Los Angeles City Hall in Los Angeles, later skyscrapers in both San Francisco and Los Angeles took the title of Californias tallest from this building. 650 California was acquired for US$160 million by the Pivotal Group in 2000, and later sold to investors, A-650 California St. LLC. The tower was acquired by Tishman Speyer and partner Prudential Real Estate Investors in 2012 for about US$230 million, Tishman undertook a US$14 million renovation, which included a remodeled lobby by New York-based firm MdeAS Architects. Tishman sold 650 California to Columbia Property Trust Inc. in September 2014 for US$309 million,650 California Street passed the certification requirements for the Gold Level of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design rating in June 2011. The LEED building certification system is a program for rating the design, key tenants include Omnicom Group Inc. Access Communications, AppDirect, Analysis Group, Credit Suisse, and Recommind
13.
Yelp
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Yelp is an American multinational corporation headquartered in San Francisco, California. The company also trains small businesses in how to respond to reviews, hosts events for reviewers. Yelp was founded in 2004 by former PayPal employees Russel Simmons, Yelp grew quickly and raised several rounds of funding. By 2010 it had $30 million in revenues and the website had published more than 4.5 million crowd-sourced reviews, from 2009 to 2012, Yelp expanded throughout Europe and Asia. In 2009 it entered negotiations with Google for a potential acquisition. Yelp became a company in March 2012 and became profitable for the first time two years later. As of 2016, Yelp. com has 135 million monthly visitors and 95 million reviews, the companys revenues come from businesses advertising. According to BusinessWeek, Yelp has a relationship with small businesses. Two former PayPal employees, Jeremy Stoppelman and Russel Simmons, founded Yelp at a business incubator, MRL Ventures, the co-founders former colleague from PayPal and founder of MRL Ventures, Max Levchin, provided $1 million in initial funding. MRL co-founder David Galbraith, who instigated the local services project based on user reviews, according to Fortune Magazine, Yelps initial email-based system was convoluted. The idea was rejected by investors and did not attract users beyond the cofounders friends, usage data showed that users were not answering requests for referrals, but were using the Real Reviews feature, which allowed them to write reviews unsolicited. According to the San Francisco Chronicle, the sites popularity soared after it was re-designed in late 2005, Yelp raised $5 million in funding in 2005 from Bessemer Ventures and $10 million in November 2006 from Benchmark Capital. The number of reviewers on the site grew from 12,000 in 2005, by the summer of 2006, the site had one million monthly visitors. It raised $15 million in funding from DAG Ventures in February 2008, in 2010, Elevation Partners invested $100 million, $75 million was spent on purchasing equity from employees and investors, while $25 million was invested in sales staff and expansion. Yelp grew from six million visitors in 2007 to 16.5 million in 2008. By 2009, the site had 4.5 million reviews, by 2010, Yelps revenues were estimated to be $30 million and it employed 300 people. Yelp introduced a site for the United Kingdom in January 2009, the first non-English Yelp site was introduced in France in 2010, users had the option to read and write content in French or English. From 2010 to 2011, Yelp launched several more sites, in Austria, Germany, Spain, international website traffic doubled during the same time period
14.
Pacific Telephone & Telegraph
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Pacific Bell Telephone Company provides telephone service in California. The company is owned by AT&T Inc. through AT&T Teleholdings, the company has been known by a number of names during which its service area has changed. The formal name of the company from the 1910s through the 1984 Bell System divestiture was The Pacific Telephone, the name “Pacific Bell” is no longer commonly used. The Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company managed the Bell Systems telephone operations in California and it grew by acquiring smaller telephone companies along the Pacific coast. It built and occupied San Franciscos Pacific Telephone Building on New Montgomery Street which has described as a monument to western progress. During the San Francisco graft trials, the company was implicated in paying bribes to obtain a franchise in San Francisco. Theodore Halsey, a political agent for the Pacific States Telephone and Telegraph Company. Ruef was the boss behind S. F. In 1906, San Francisco was one of the most promising places for investment in all of the United States, many companies were vying for a piece of the money to be made. After the massive earthquake of 1906, the Home Telephone Company contributed $75,000 to a fund for the city. It was later revealed that the citys supervisors had received payoffs through Ruef from both the Home Telephone Company and Pacific States Telephone Co, Home Telephone paid 10 supervisors $3,500 each and seven supervisors $6,000 each. Pacific States Telephone Co. paid 10 supervisors $5,000 each, when it acquired competing providers, if the company provided automatic dial service, Bell removed the automatic equipment and replaced it with manual telephones and manual operator switchboards. However the company realized its best manual systems were unable to keep up with the growing demand for telephone service. In the early 1920s, following the 1921 installation of the nations first large panel switch in Omaha, Los Angeles and San Francisco employed different approaches for adopting new automatic switching technology. The Los Angeles Telephone Co. had merged with the Sunset Telephone Co. of northern California in 1883, Sunset was subsequently acquired by Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co. in 1906. Following the purchase by PT&T, the southern California company remained a separate operation, the Los Angeles area was also served by a competitor, The Home Telephone Co. which began offering automatic service in 1902. The Sunset Telephone Co. subscribers were able to make local and long distance calls via the Bell System, to reach both exchanges, businesses were required to pay for a line from each company. In 1916, under pressure from politicians and subscribers, Sunset Telephone Co. agreed to acquire the Home Companys operations
15.
Bell System
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On December 31,1983, the system was broken up into independent companies by a U. S. Justice Department mandate. Ma Bell is also used to refer to the female voices behind recordings for the Bell System, Mary Moore, Jane Barbe. In 1877, the American Bell Telephone Company, named after Alexander Graham Bell, opened the first telephone exchange in New Haven, within a few years local exchange companies were established in every major city in the United States. In 1899, American Telephone & Telegraph acquired the assets of its parent, originally American Bell had created AT&T to provide long-distance calls between New York and Chicago and beyond. AT&T became the parent of American Bell, and thus the head of the Bell System, because regulatory and tax rules were leaner in New York than in Boston, after 1934, AT&T was regulated by the Federal Communication Commission. Receiving a U. S. patent for the invention of the telephone on March 7,1876, Alexander Graham Bell formed the Bell Telephone Company in 1877, on April 30,1907, Theodore Newton Vail returned as President of AT&T. Vail believed in the superiority of one system and AT&T adopted the slogan One Policy, One System. This would be the philosophy for the next 70 years. Under Vail, AT&T began buying up many of the telephone companies including Western Union telegraph. Anxious to avoid action from government antitrust suits, AT&T entered into an agreement known as the Kingsbury Commitment with the federal government. S. The Bell trademark pictured here was used from 1921 through 1939 by both the AT&T corporation and the regional operating corporations to co-brand themselves under a single Bell System trademark, the regional operating corporations name was placed where name of associated company appears in this template version of the trademark. Bell system telephones and related equipment were made by Western Electric, member telephone companies paid a fixed fraction of their revenues as a license fee to Bell Labs. As a result of this monopoly, by 1940 the Bell System effectively owned most telephone service in the United States, from local. This allowed Bell to prohibit their customers from connecting phones not made or sold by Bell to the system without paying fees, Northern Electric was spun off in 1956 by Western Electric, but AT&T did not spin off Bell Canada until 1975. The Bell Systems Caribbean regional operating companies were sold to the ITT Corporation, before 1956, the Bell Systems reach was truly gargantuan. The 1984 Bell System divestiture brought an end to the branded as the Bell System. The suit was settled on January 8,1982, superseding the former restrictions that AT&T and the DOJ had agreed upon in 1956. Currently, the word mark Bell, the logo, and other related trademarks, are held by each of the remaining Bell companies, namely AT&T, Verizon, CenturyLink, and Cincinnati Bell
16.
Facade
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A façade is generally one exterior side of a building, usually, but not always, the front. It is a loan word from the French façade, which means frontage or face. In architecture, the façade of a building is often the most important aspect from a design standpoint, from the engineering perspective of a building, the façade is also of great importance due to its impact on energy efficiency. For historical façades, many local zoning regulations or other laws restrict or even forbid their alteration. The word comes from the French foreign loan word façade, which in turn comes from the Italian facciata, from faccia meaning face, the earliest usage recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary is 1656. It was quite common in the Georgian period for existing houses in English towns to be given a fashionable new façade, in modern highrise building, the exterior walls are often suspended from the concrete floor slabs. Examples include curtain walls and precast concrete walls, the façade can at times be required to have a fire-resistance rating, for instance, if two buildings are very close together, to lower the likelihood of fire spreading from one building to another. In general, the systems that are suspended or attached to the precast concrete slabs will be made from aluminium or stainless steel. In recent years more lavish materials such as titanium have sometimes been used, whether rated or not, fire protection is always a design consideration. The melting point of aluminium,660 °C, is reached within minutes of the start of a fire. Firestops for such building joints can be qualified, too, putting fire sprinkler systems on each floor has a profoundly positive effect on the fire safety of buildings with curtain walls. Some building codes also limit the percentage of area in exterior walls. When the exterior wall is not rated, the slab edge becomes a junction where rated slabs are abutting an unrated wall. For rated walls, one may also choose rated windows and fire doors, on a film set and within most themed attractions, many of the buildings are only façades, which are far cheaper than actual buildings, and not subject to building codes. In film sets, they are held up with supports from behind. Within theme parks, they are usually decoration for the interior ride/attraction/restaurant, by Ulrich Knaack, Tillmann Klein, Marcel Bilow and Thomas Auer. ISBN 978-3-7643-7961-2 ISBN 978-3-7643-7962-9 Giving buildings an illusion of grandeur Poole, the article outlines the development of the façade in ecclesiastical architecture from the early Christian period to the Renaissance
17.
Winston Churchill
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Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill KG OM CH TD PC DL FRS RA was a British statesman who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953 for his overall, in 1963, he was the first of only eight people to be made an honorary citizen of the United States. Churchill was born into the family of the Dukes of Marlborough and his father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was a charismatic politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer, his mother, Jennie Jerome, was an American socialite. As a young officer, he saw action in British India, the Anglo–Sudan War. He gained fame as a war correspondent and wrote books about his campaigns, at the forefront of politics for fifty years, he held many political and cabinet positions. Before the First World War, he served as President of the Board of Trade, Home Secretary, during the war, he continued as First Lord of the Admiralty until the disastrous Gallipoli Campaign caused his departure from government. He then briefly resumed active service on the Western Front as commander of the 6th Battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers. He returned to government under Lloyd George as Minister of Munitions, Secretary of State for War, Secretary of State for Air, at the outbreak of the Second World War, he was again appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. Following the resignation of Neville Chamberlain on 10 May 1940, Churchill became Prime Minister and he led Britain as Prime Minister until victory over Nazi Germany had been secured. After the Conservative Party suffered a defeat in the 1945 general election. He publicly warned of an Iron Curtain of Soviet influence in Europe, after winning the 1951 election, Churchill again became Prime Minister. His second term was preoccupied by foreign affairs, including the Malayan Emergency, Mau Mau Uprising, Korean War, domestically his government laid great emphasis on house-building. Churchill suffered a stroke in 1953 and retired as Prime Minister in 1955. Upon his death aged ninety in 1965, Elizabeth II granted him the honour of a state funeral and his highly complex legacy continues to stimulate intense debate amongst writers and historians. Born into the family of the Dukes of Marlborough, a branch of the noble Spencer family, Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, like his father. His ancestor George Spencer had changed his surname to Spencer-Churchill in 1817 when he became Duke of Marlborough, to highlight his descent from John Churchill, Churchill was born on 30 November 1874, two months prematurely, in a bedroom in Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire. From age two to six, he lived in Dublin, where his grandfather had been appointed Viceroy, Churchills brother, John Strange Spencer-Churchill, was born during this time in Ireland
18.
National Weather Service
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It is a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration branch of the Department of Commerce, and is headquartered in Silver Spring, Maryland. The agency was known as the United States Weather Bureau from 1890 until it adopted its current name in 1970, the NWS performs its primary task through a collection of national and regional centers, and 122 local weather forecast offices. As the NWS is a government agency, most of its products are in the public domain, the agency was placed under the Secretary of War as Congress felt military discipline would probably secure the greatest promptness, regularity, and accuracy in the required observations. Within the Department of War, it was assigned to the U. S. Army Signal Service under Brigadier General Albert J. Myer, General Myer gave the National Weather Service its first name, The Division of Telegrams and Reports for the Benefit of Commerce. The agency first became an enterprise in 1890, when it became part of the Department of Agriculture. The first Weather Bureau radiosonde was launched in Massachusetts in 1937, the Bureau would later be moved to the Department of Commerce in 1940. On July 12,1950, bureau chief Francis W, the Weather Bureau became part of the Environmental Science Services Administration when that agency was formed in August 1966. The Environmental Science Services Administration was renamed the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration on October 1,1970, at this time, the Weather Bureau became the National Weather Service. NEXRAD, a system of Doppler radars deployed to improve the detection and warning time of local storms, replaced the WSR-57. Bob Glahn has written a history of the first hundred years of the National Weather Service. The NWS, through a variety of sub-organizations, issues different forecast products to users, although, throughout history, text forecasts have been the means of product dissemination, the NWS has been using more forecast products of a digital, gridded, image or other modern format. Each of the 122 Weather Forecast Offices send their graphical forecasts to a server to be compiled in the National Digital Forecast Database. The NDFD is a collection of weather observations used by organizations and the public, including precipitation amount, temperature. Specific points in the database can be accessed using an XML SOAP service. The National Weather Service issues many products relating to wildfires daily, for example, a Fire Weather Forecast, which have a forecast period covering up to seven days, is issued by local Weather Forecast Offices daily, with updates as needed. The forecasts contain weather information relevant to fire control and smoke management for the next 12 to 48 hours, such as direction and speed. The appropriate crews use this information to plan for staffing and equipment levels, the ability to conduct scheduled controlled burns, and assess the daily fire danger. Once per day, NWS meteorologists issue a coded fire weather forecast for specific United States Forest Service observation sites that are input into the National Fire Danger Rating System
19.
Eliel Saarinen's Tribune Tower design
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The winning entry, the neo-Gothic Tribune Tower, was built in 1925. Saarinens entry came in place yet became influential in the design of a number of future buildings. In 1921–22, the prominent Tribune Tower competition was held to design a new headquarters for the Chicago Tribune, first place was awarded to a design by New York architects John Mead Howells and Raymond Hood, a neo-Gothic building completed in 1925. Saarinen was awarded $20,000 for second place, his design was never constructed, many observers felt that Saarinens simplified yet soaring setback tower was the most appropriate entry, and his novel modernist design influenced many subsequent architectural projects. Saarinen was an architect but had never before designed a skyscraper. To arrive at his design, he took as a starting place the upward sweep of Gothic architecture. He said that through logical construction each portion of the design was made to reflect the goal of verticality. He was 49 years old when he submitted the design, the year he moved from Finland to the Chicago area. In the U. S. he contributed to a design for the Chicago lakefront, and he lectured at the University of Michigan. Instead, others found success by incorporating his vision, pflueger, George W. Kelham, Hubbell and Benes, Holabird & Roche, Alfred C. Finn, and James Edwin Ruthven Carpenter, Jr. as well as later architect César Pelli, respected Chicago architect Louis Sullivan offered high praise to Saarinens design, and said that his building indicated the future direction for the old Chicago School. Sullivan named Saarinen his stylistic successor, Chicago architects Thomas Tallmadge and Irving Kane Pond were also very vocal in their praise for Saarinen. Pond said Saarinens design was by far the best contest entry, that it was devoid of the superficial adornments featured on the winning entry, Tallmadge projected that Saarinens design would be transformative for American skyscrapers. He said that under Saarinens hand, the spirit of the skyscraper, rid of its inhibitions, leaps in joyous freedom to the sky. Skyscraper Museum director Carol Willis, and art consultant Franck Mercurio, curator at the Field Museum in Chicago, Mercurio argues that Goodhues design is a better example of modernism because it has less ornamentation. Goodhues entry gained him honorable mention but no cash award, the following buildings have been observed to be influenced by Saarinens 1922 design. The Chicago Tribune Competition, Skyscraper Museum
20.
Emporis
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Emporis GmbH is a real estate data mining company with headquarters in Hamburg, Germany. The company collects and publishes data and photographs of buildings worldwide, Emporis offers a variety of information on its public database, Emporis. com, located at www. emporis. com. Emporis is frequently cited by media sources as an authority on building data. Emporis previously focused exclusively on high-rise buildings and skyscrapers, which it defines as buildings between 35 and 100 metres tall and at least 100 metres tall, respectively, today, the database has expanded to include low-rise buildings and other structures. Michael Wutzke started a website about skyscrapers in Frankfurt in 1996, in 2000 he started skyscrapers. com which was folded into Emporis in 2003. In 2004, Stephan R. Boehm assumed the role of Chairman, Wutzke was Chief Technology Officer and managing director until 2010, when he left the company. In 2007 venture capital firm Neuhaus Partners and KfW Bankengruppe invested several million Euro in the company, effective January 1,2009, the company moved its headquarters from Darmstadt to Frankfurt. In 2011, the company moved from Frankfurt to Hamburg, in 2000 a group of Emporis senior editors began presenting the Emporis Skyscraper Award. Eligible buildings are selected from a list of all buildings in the world at least 100 meters tall which were completed that year
21.
SkyscraperPage
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SkyscraperPage is an internet forum for skyscraper hobbyists and enthusiasts that tracks existing and proposed skyscrapers around the world. SkyscraperPage. com drawings have appeared in National Geographics website, Wired, Condé Nast, The Globe and they are based in Victoria, British Columbia. The site has a database of scale-model illustration skyscrapers and other major macro-engineering projects, the scale of the drawings are one pixel per meter. The images are created using pixel art, using these diagrams, skyscrapers and other tall structures from any cities can be compared. General information is given about each structure, such as the location, the year built, if available. In 2008, the site had over 22,000 custom made drawings of skyscrapers, there were 600 artists signed up with the site, about half of whom were active. List of Internet forums List of tallest buildings in the world
22.
San Francisco Chronicle
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It was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. The paper is owned by the Hearst Corporation, which bought it from the de Young family in 2000. The paper benefited from the growth of San Francisco and was the largest circulation newspaper on the West Coast of the United States by 1880. Like many other newspapers, it has experienced a fall in circulation in the early 21st century. The newspaper publishes two web sites, SFGate, which has a mixture of news and web features. Between World War II and 1971, new editor Scott Josephine Newhall took a bold, the newspaper grew in circulation to become the citys largest, overtaking the rival San Francisco Examiner. The demise of other San Francisco dailies through the late 1950s and early 1960s left the Examiner, from 1965 on the two papers shared a single classified-advertising operation. This arrangement stayed in place until the Hearst Corporation took full control of the Chronicle, beginning in the early 1990s, the Chronicle started to face competition beyond the borders of San Francisco. The Chronicle launched five zoned sections to appear in the Friday edition of the paper, the sections covered San Francisco, and four different suburban areas. They each featured a unique columnist, enterprise pieces and local news specific to the community, the newspaper added 40 full-time staff positions to work in the suburban bureaus. The de Young family controlled the paper, via the Chronicle Publishing Company, until July 27,2000, following the sale, the Hearst Corporation transferred the Examiner to the Fang family, publisher of the San Francisco Independent and AsianWeek, along with a $66-million subsidy. Under the new owners, the Examiner became a free tabloid, in 1949, the de Young family founded KRON-TV, the Bay Areas third television station. Until the mid-1960s, the station, operated from the basement of the Chronicle Building, KRON moved to studios at 1001 Van Ness Avenue. The frequent bold-faced, all-capital-letter headlines typical of the Chronicles front page were eliminated, editor Ward Bushees note heralded the issue as the start of a new era for the Chronicle. On July 6,2009, the paper unveiled some alterations to the new design that included yet newer section fronts and wider use of color photographs and graphics. In a special section publisher Frank J. Vega described new, the newer look was accompanied by a reduction in size of the broadsheet. On November 9,2009, the Chronicle became the first newspaper in the nation to print on high-quality glossy paper, the high-gloss paper is used for some section fronts and inside pages. As of 2013 the publisher of the Chronicle is Jeffrey Johnson, audrey Cooper was named editor-in-chief in January 2015 and is the first woman to hold the position
23.
Montgomery Block
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The Montgomery Block was San Franciscos first fireproof and earthquake resistant building, which came to be known as a Bohemian centre from the late 19th to the middle of the 20th century. It was located at 628 Montgomery Street, on the southeast corner of its intersection with Washington Street, the four-story building was erected in 1853 by Henry Wager Halleck, later general in chief of the Union Army in the Civil War, in the Barbary Coast red-light district. Also known as the Monkey Block, it used to house many well-known lawyers, financiers, writers, actors, the site of Montgomery Block is now registered as a California Historical Landmark. The four-stories Montgomery Block was the tallest building west of the Mississippi River when it was built in 1853 and it was designed by architect G. P. San Franciscans called it Hallecks Folly because it was built on a raft of redwood logs, the building survived the 1906 earthquake and fire. The Montgomery Block was demolished in 1959, even though a preservation movement had begun to emerge in San Francisco and it was replaced by a parking lot and later, the Transamerica Pyramid. The building is remembered for its importance as a bohemian center of the city. At his inauguration as Poet Laureate of San Francisco in 1998, Lawrence Ferlinghetti mentioned the classic old Montgomery Block building, jones, Idwal, Ark of Empire, San Franciscos Montgomery Block OBrien, Robert, This Is San Francisco California Landmarks in San Francisco
24.
Old St. Mary's Cathedral
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Old Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Immaculate Conception is a proto-cathedral and parish of the Roman Catholic Church in San Francisco, California. The cathedral is located on the corner of Grant Avenue and California Street, the church is named for Mary, the Mother of Jesus, under the title of the Immaculate Conception. Old Saint Marys cornerstone was placed on Sunday, July 17,1853 at the corner of California and Dupont Streets by the Bishop of Monterrey Joseph S. Alemany. With its dedication by Alemany, now as the new Archbishop of San Francisco, at Christmas Midnight Mass,1854, it became the first cathedral of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. It is the first cathedral in California to be built for the purpose of serving as a cathedral. When it opened, it was the tallest building in San Francisco, in 1891, Old Saint Marys became a parish church, still using the same name that it bore as a cathedral. The new St. Marys Cathedral was located at Van Ness Avenue, under the clock face of Old St. Marys appear the words, Son, Observe the Time and Fly from Evil. This sentiment was aimed at the men who frequented the brothels in the 1850s. Old St. Marys survived the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, only to be gutted a day later by the fires started by the earthquake, the fires were so hot that they melted the church bells and marble altar. All that were left were the brick walls and the bell tower. The renovation of the church was completed in 1909, Dupont Street, with its association with the Barbary Coast and Chinatown, was renamed Grant Avenue, a respectful nod to former president and general Ulysses S. Grant. The church further expanded and built an auditorium, a library, Old St. Marys remains an active parish of the archdiocese, serving the Chinatown and Nob Hill communities of San Francisco. Old St. Marys Church is a California Historical Landmark, the Paulist Fathers have served Old Saint Marys since 1901, and continue serving there today. From 2011–2012, the church went through renovations, during which time all the crosses on the roof were removed as it was restored. While the four crosses along the sides were put back up, rectors of St. Marys Cathedral 1854-1891 Rev
25.
California State Capitol
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The California State Capitol is home to the government of California. The building houses the state legislature and the office of the governor. The building is based on the U. S. Capitol building in Washington, the west facade ends in projecting bays, and a portico projects from the center of the building. At the base of the portico, seven granite archways brace, eight fluted Corinthian columns line the portico. A cornice supports the pediment above depicting Minerva surrounded by Education, Justice, Industry, above the flat roof with balustrade are two drums supporting a dome. The first drum consists of a colonnade of Corinthian columns, the second, large arched windows line the drum walls. The dome is 64 m high, and supports a lantern with a dome capped with a gold-leafed orbed finial. The California Senate chamber seats its forty members in a chamber room decorated in red. The chamber is entered through a second floor corridor, from the coffered ceiling hangs an electric reproduction of the original gas chandelier. A hand-carved dais caps off a recessed bay framed by Corinthian columns, the Latin phrase Senatoris est civitatis libertatem tueri lines the cornice. A portrait of George Washington by Jane Stuart, the daughter of Gilbert Stuart, is on the wall above, statues of the Roman goddess Minerva once overlooked both chambers. Today, Minerva, sculpted by Michael H. Casey, appears only in the senate chambers, gilded Corinthian columns support the gallery above, and dark red curtains that can be drawn for privacy are tied back along the columns. High arched windows run along the bottom below rectangular pane windows, behind the rostrum, there are two chairs with red velvet cushions, reserved for the president pro tempore of the senate and the speaker of the assembly, but are never used. The California Assembly chamber is located at the end of the building. Its green tones are based on those of the British House of Commons, the dais rests along a wall shaped like an E, with the central projection housing the rostrum. Along the cornice appears a quotation from Abraham Lincoln in Latin, almost every decorating element is identical to the Senate Chamber
26.
Ritz-Carlton Club and Residences
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The Ritz-Carlton Club and Residences is a 312-foot luxury residential skyscraper in the Financial District of San Francisco, California. The residences are built atop the historic Old Chronicle Building, sometimes called the de Young Building, in 1888, M. H. de Young, owner of the San Francisco Chronicle, commissioned Burnham and Root to design a signature building to house his newspaper. Finished in 1890, the Chronicle Building stood ten stories, with a tower reaching 218 feet in height, becoming San Franciscos first skyscraper. In 1905, a celebration of the re-election of Mayor Eugene Schmitz stopped in front of the building and launched fireworks, the damaged clock tower was removed and de Young added two additional floors along Market Street and a 16-story annex along Kearny Street. The Chronicle Building survived the 1906 San Francisco earthquake but was damaged by the ensuing fire. The building was rebuilt by architect Willis Polk, who ran the San Francisco office of Burnham, in 1962, in an effort to modernize the building, its owners covered the original masonry facade with a new facade of aluminum, glass, and porcelain paneling. By 2004, new owners received approval to restore the facade, convert the building to residential use. The Old Chronicle Building was designated San Francisco Landmark No.243 in 2004, the building re-opened as the Ritz-Carlton Club and Residences in November 2007. San Franciscos tallest buildings List of early skyscrapers Official website
27.
Central Tower (San Francisco)
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Central Tower is a 91 m 21-story office building at Market and Third Streets in San Francisco, California. The building has undergone renovations since its completion in 1898 as the Call Building and later. In 1890, M. H. de Young, owner of the San Francisco Chronicle, built San Franciscos first skyscraper, the 218-foot Chronicle Building, to house his newspaper. In response, John D. Spreckels and his father Claus Spreckels purchased the San Francisco Call in 1895, in September 1895, The Call wrote, The San Francisco Call is to have the finest building ever erected for a newspaper office. It is to be built on the corner of Market and Third streets, of granite and white marble, and will be fifteen stories —310 feet high, the highest building this side of Chicago. Unlike the Chronicle building it will be a building and a credit to its owner, Claus Spreckels. A light granite will be used for the first three stories, but above the third story white marble will be used, the main entrance or rotunda will be finished in some polished California marble, the very choicest obtainable, and the floor will be mosaic. The building eventually stood 315 feet tall with an ornate baroque dome—which housed the offices of Reid & Reid and it was the tallest building west of the Mississippi River for many years. The structure was burned and damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. After the fire, The Call reopened its offices at a new location, The Montgomery, in 1938 Albert Roller completely refurbished Central Tower. The buildings height was reduced to 298 feet and the number of stories was increased from 15 to 21, the ornate dome, pictures to the Editors, Call Building to Central Tower. Chicago, Illinois, TIME Inc. p.68
28.
Los Angeles City Hall
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It is located in the Civic Center district of downtown Los Angeles in the city block bounded by Main, Temple, First, and Spring streets. The building was designed by John Parkinson, John C, martin, Sr. and was completed in 1928. Dedication ceremonies were held on April 26,1928.2 earthquake, the concrete in its tower was made with sand from each of Californias 58 counties and water from its 21 historical missions. City Halls distinctive tower was based on the shape of the Mausoleum of Mausolus, an image of City Hall has been on Los Angeles Police Department badges since 1940. City Hall has a deck, free to the public. The peak of the pyramid at the top of the building is a beacon named in honor of Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh. Circa 1939, there was an art gallery, in Room 351 on the third floor, the building was designated a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument in 1976. Prior to the completion of the current structure, the L. A, the Mayor of Los Angeles has an office in room 300 of this building and every Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday at 10, 00am, the Los Angeles City Council meets in its chambers. City Hall and the adjacent federal, state, and county buildings are served by the Civic Center station on the LA Metro Red Line, an observation level is open to the public on the 27th floor. The Mayor Tom Bradley Room, as this large space is named, is used for ceremonies. At the time the TV program was broadcast, the shows Daily Planet building was frequently confused with the similarly designed Pennsylvania Power & Light Building in Allentown, additionally, the exact design of this building is used as the Newstime magazine headquarters in the Superman comic books. Alias, A CIA black ops unit is located behind a door at Civic Station. Dragnet, The building appears as itself in the TV series, the first episode of Dragnet Season 1, Episode 1, The Human Bomb, Original Air Date,16 December 1951, was filmed at Los Angeles City Hall. Joe Fridays famous badge number 714 that was displayed under the credits, perry Mason, The City Hall building appears in the view from Perrys office window. This has led viewers of the show to speculate where the office would have been located in downtown Los Angeles. L. A. Confidential, The police in the 1997 neo-noir film operate out of the City hall, tower of Terror, In this 1997 made-for-TV movie, the main characters love interest works at a fictional newspaper, The Los Angeles Banner. The newspapers logo is based on the top of the city hall, adam-12, During the seventh season opening credits montage, City Hall is shown directly at the end, as the building that officers Reed and Malloy drive away from. It is also shown on the embossed badges numbered 744 and 2430, the 2003 Dragnet series used the L. A
29.
44 Montgomery
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44 Montgomery is a 43-story,172 m office skyscraper in the heart of San Franciscos Financial District. When completed in 1967, it was the tallest building west of Dallas until 555 California Street was erected in 1969, the building was once the world headquarters for Wells Fargo Bank. It was sold by AT&T in 1997 for US$111 million, the building contains direct underground access to the Montgomery Street Station. List of tallest buildings in San Francisco 44 Montgomery Street official website
30.
555 California Street
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555 California Street, formerly Bank of America Center, is a 52-story 778 ft skyscraper in San Francisco, California. It is the second tallest building in the city, the largest by area. Some sites round the heights of all four buildings to 780 ft making those four buildings tied as the 66th tallest buildings in the country, colloquially known as Triple Five,555 California Street was meant to display the wealth, power, and importance of Bank of America. Design was by Wurster, Bernardi and Emmons and Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, with architect Pietro Belluschi consulting, structural engineering was by the San Francisco firm H. J. Brunnier Associates. The skyscraper has thousands of bay windows thanks to its design, meant to improve the rental value. The irregular cutout areas near the top of the building were designed to suggest the Sierra mountains, at the north side of the skyscraper is a broad plaza named in honor of Bank of America founder A. P. Giannini. In the plaza the 200-ton black Swedish granite sculpture Transcendence by Masayuki Nagare resembles a liver but is known as the Bankers Heart. Nearly the entire block—the skyscraper, the hall, the plaza, the stairways. A restaurant, the Carnelian Room, was on the 52nd floor, the elevator to this restaurant is one of the few publicly accessible high-speed elevators in San Francisco. The restaurant closed at midnight New Years Eve 2009, the film shows panoramic views of San Francisco from the roof of the building. Many scenes were filmed in the interior ground-floor lobby. The granite stairs coming up from California Street to the A. P, the rooftop setting of the building used in Dirty Harry was also used a decade later in the Chuck Norris film An Eye for an Eye. The southeast corner of California and Kearny is about 35 feet above sea level, the Transamerica Pyramid is taller, but because of its top spire,555 California has the highest habitable space. The corner of California and Montgomery is built on landfill and the lowest level of the garage is below the level of the bay, so pumps, audible from the garage. The building is built on two huge Teflon slabs meant to slide over each other in case of an earthquake, state of the art design when it was built
31.
Transamerica Pyramid
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The Transamerica Pyramid is the tallest skyscraper in the San Francisco skyline. Its height is surpassed by Salesforce Tower, currently under construction, designed by architect William Pereira and built by Hathaway Dinwiddie Construction Company, at 853 ft, on completion in 1972 it was the eighth tallest building in the world. The Transamerica building was commissioned by Transamerica CEO John R. Beckett, built on the site of the historic Montgomery Block, it has a structural height of 853 ft and has 48 floors of retail and office space. Construction began in 1969 and finished in 1972, and was overseen by San Francisco-based contractor Dinwiddie Construction, Transamerica moved its headquarters to the new building from across the street, where it had been based in a flatiron-shaped building now occupied by the Church of Scientology of San Francisco. Although the tower is no longer Transamerica Corporation headquarters, it is associated with the company and is depicted in the companys logo. The building is evocative of San Francisco and has one of the many symbols of the city. Designed by architect William Pereira, it faced opposition during planning, John King of the San Francisco Chronicle summed up the improved opinion of the building in 2009 as an architectural icon of the best sort - one that fits its location and gets better with age. The Transamerica Pyramid was the tallest skyscraper west of Chicago from 1972 to 1974 surpassing the then Bank of America Center and it was surpassed by the Aon Center in Los Angeles. The building is thought to have been the target of a foiled terrorist attack, involving the hijacking of airplanes as part of the Bojinka plot. In 1999, Transamerica was acquired by Dutch insurance company Aegon, when the non-insurance operations of Transamerica were later sold to GE Capital, Aegon retained the building as an investment. The Transamerica Pyramid has been the tallest skyscraper in San Francisco since 1972, the land use and zoning restrictions for the parcel limited the number of square feet of office that could be built upon the lot, which sits at the north boundary of the financial district. The building is a tall, four-sided pyramid with two wings to accommodate an elevator shaft on the east and a stairwell and a tower on the west. The top 212 feet of the building is the spire, there are four cameras pointed in the four cardinal directions at the top of this spire forming a virtual observation deck. Four monitors in the lobby, whose direction and zoom can be controlled by visitors, an observation deck on the 27th floor was closed after the September 11,2001 attacks, and replaced by the virtual observation deck. The top of the Transamerica Pyramid is covered with aluminum panels, the buildings façade is covered in crushed quartz, giving the building its light color. The four-story base contains 16,000 cu yd of concrete, the buildings foundation is 9 feet thick, the result of a 3-day, 24-hour continuous concrete pour. Several thousand dollars in quarters and change were thrown into the pit by observers surrounding the site at street level during the pouring, only two of the buildings 18 elevators reach the top floor. The original proposal was for a 1,150 ft building, the proposal was rejected by the city planning commission, saying it would interfere with views of San Francisco Bay from Nob Hill
32.
Aon Center (Los Angeles)
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Aon Center is a 62-story,860 ft Modernist office skyscraper at 707 Wilshire Boulevard in downtown Los Angeles, California. It is the third tallest building in Los Angeles, the third tallest in California, the logo of the Aon Corporation, its anchor tenant, is displayed at the top in red. Aon Center was originally named the United California Bank Building from its completion in 1973 until 1981 and it was the tallest building west of the Mississippi River when built, until 1982 when it was surpassed by the Texas Commerce Tower in Houston. Upon its completion in 1973, the building was the tallest in the world outside of New York and it remained the tallest building in Los Angeles until 1989, when Library Tower was completed. Between 1998 and 2005, there were no logos on the building, on May 4,1988, a fire began on the 12th floor just after 10,00 PM, it burned for about four hours. The fire destroyed five floors, injured 40 people, and left a maintenance worker dead because the elevator opened onto the burning 12th floor. The fire was so severe because the building was not equipped with a sprinkler system, a sprinkler system was 90 percent installed at the time of the fire, however, the system was inoperative, awaiting the installation of water flow alarms. The fire was contained at 2,19 AM. Because of the fire, building codes in Los Angeles were modified and this modified a 1974 ordinance that only required new buildings to contain fire sprinkler systems, grandfathering older buildings. Existing all-concrete construction high-rises are still exempt from this ordinance, the north entrance is level with 6th Street, and is named BL. The east and west sidewalks slope downward to Wilshire Blvd. with steps leading up to the south entrance. Elevators on the side of BL and escalators on the north side of BL both go up to the ML level, where additional banks of elevators reach floors numbered 4-62. No 2nd floor exists, though the height of ML is twice that of ML, the BL/ML elevator also goes down to underground levels LBL, LL1, and LL2. The 1988 fire was highlighted in a 1991 ABC TV-movie Fire, Trapped on the 37th Floor starring Lee Majors, Lisa Hartman-Black, the building was featured in the 2015 disaster film San Andreas, where it collapses when a massive earthquake destroys Los Angeles. List of tallest buildings in Los Angeles Aon Center Cameron, Robert, First Interstate Bank Fire Los Angeles Fire Department Historical Archive
33.
U.S. Bank Tower (Los Angeles)
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US Bank Tower, formerly Library Tower and First Interstate Bank World Center, is a 1, 018-foot skyscraper at 633 West Fifth Street in downtown Los Angeles, California. It is also the third tallest building in an active seismic region. It consists of 73 stories above ground and two parking levels below ground, construction began in 1987 with completion in 1989. The building was designed by Henry N. Cobb of the architectural firm Pei Cobb Freed & Partners and it is one of the most recognizable buildings in Los Angeles, often used in establishing shots for the city in films and television programs. US Bank Tower in Los Angeles was sold to Overseas Union Enterprise Ltd, OUE, a Singapore-based hotel and property company run by Indonesian billionaire Stephen Riady, acquired the tower and other related assets for $367.5 million. OUE acquired the 72-floor office building, the adjacent Maguire Gardens park, the City of Los Angeles sold air rights to the developers of the tower to help pay for the reconstruction of the library. The building was known for a time as First Interstate Bank World Center. In March 2003, the property was leased by U. S. Bancorp, residents, however, generally continue to refer to it as Library Tower. The tower has a large crown at its top that is illuminated at night. S. First Interstate Banks “I” logo on the crown was in the 1993 Guinness Book of World Records for highest placed logo, in July 2014, Overseas Union Enterprise Ltd. the new owners of the skyscraper, announced construction of an observation deck named OUE Skyspace. On the 69th and 70th floors and a restaurant named 71Above on the 71st floor, access to the observation deck costs $25 per person. For an additional $8 visitors can take a trip down a transparent glass slide affixed to the outside of the building between the 70th and 69th floors. On June 16,2004, the 9/11 Commission reported that the plan for the September 11 attacks called for the hijacking of ten planes. On October 6,2005, House officials stated that the government had foiled a previously undisclosed second plot to crash a plane into the building in mid-2002, in his televised 2006 State of the Union Address, President George W. According to President Bush, Al-Qaeda leader Khaled Sheikh Mohammeds plan was to use Asian confederates from Jemaah Islamiyah recruited by Islamic militant Hambali for the hijacking, President Bush asserted the hijackers were going to use shoe bombs to breach the planes cockpit door. Some counter-terrorism experts have expressed doubt that the plot was ever developed or likely to occur. Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld Cornerstone Research Gordon & Rees LLP Hinshaw & Culbertson LLP Jenner & Block Thomson West U. S, in the 2000 movie Disneys The Kid, Bruce Willis character, an image consultant, works in the building. In the 2001 movie Swordfish, the bus is deposited on top of the building by the Skyhook helicopter
34.
Wilshire Grand Center
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Wilshire Grand Center is a 1, 100-foot skyscraper under construction in the Financial District of Downtown Los Angeles, California. It is the tallest building in Los Angeles and the tallest building in California, the building will be part of a mixed-use hotel, retail, observation decks, shopping malls and office complex, expected to revitalize downtown Los Angeles and the area surrounding the building. The development of the complex is estimated to cost $1.2 billion, the plans include 67,000 square feet of retail,677,000 square feet of Class A office space and 900 hotel rooms. InterContinental is the hotel component, comprising 900 rooms and suites occupying the 38th to the 70th floors. Floors basement to 2, Podium building with retail and InterContinental Los Angeles Downtown meeting rooms, the original Wilshire Grand Hotel opened in 1952 as the Hotel Statler, on the site of the new Wilshire Grand. In 1950, the City of Los Angeles issued the largest single building permit at the time for the construction of the hotel, which cost over $15 million. The hotel quickly became a landmark of downtown Los Angeles, and over its 59-year lifespan attracted famous guests including President John F. Kennedy, in 1954, two years after its opening, Hilton Hotels & Resorts purchased the Statler Hotels chain, renaming the hotel the Statler Hilton. In 1968 Hilton completed a $2.5 million renovation of the hotel, Reliance Group later purchased the hotel in 1983 and invested $30 million in renovations. Korean Air purchased the Los Angeles Hilton from Reliance in 1989 and they changed the hotels management and it became the Omni Los Angeles Hotel in 1995 and then later the Wilshire Grand Hotel in 1999. It is also part of a development effort to revitalize the Figueroa Street corridor of downtown Los Angeles as a vibrant light-and-sign district. The Los Angeles-based architectural firm, A. C. Martin Partners is overseeing the project and they took over from Thomas Properties, who managed the early proposals, but the owners became dissatisfied with their approach. A distinctive feature of the building is its sail-shaped crown which will be illuminated with LED lighting at night, the tower will spearhead part of a new planned light and sign district that will extend along the Figueroa Corridor down to L. A. Live. According to recent renderings, it is however to what extent LED lighting and advertising will be applied. Lead designer David C. Martin said that the spire and the exterior skin of the tower will be filled with programmable LED lighting. The spire weighs 200,000 pounds and adds 294 foot in height to the building, land use entitlements and construction staking services were provided by Psomas. The foundation is set on bedrock known as the Fernando Formation, on March 8,2016, the topping out ceremony was held. On March 17,2016, a worker died by suicide after jumping from the 53rd floor. On September 3,2016, the Wilshire Grand became the tallest building in Los Angeles at 1,100 feet, the supertall building set to open Late April/ early May 2017
35.
Palace Hotel, San Francisco
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The Palace Hotel is a landmark historic hotel in San Francisco, California, located at the SW corner of Market and New Montgomery streets. The present structure opened on December 19,1909, on the site as its predecessor. The hotel was closed from January,1989 to April,1991 to undergo a two-year renovation, Palace Hotel is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. The original Palace Hotel was built by San Francisco banker and entrepreneur William Chapman Ralston who heavily depended on his banking empire to help finance the $5 million project. Ralstons business partner in the project was U. S, senator William Sharon who had helped cause the collapse of the Bank when he dumped his stock in the Comstock Lode. Sharon ended up in control of the hotel as well as both the Bank and Ralstons debts both of which he paid off at just pennies on the Dollar. With 755 guest rooms, the original Palace Hotel was at the time of its construction the largest hotel in the Western United States, at 120 feet in height, the hotel was San Franciscos tallest building for over a decade. The skylighted open center of the featured a Grand Court overlooked by seven stories of white columned balconies which served as an elegant carriage entrance. Shortly after 1900 this area was converted into a lounge called the Palm Court, the bartender, William Cocktail Boothby, was a fixture at the hotel for some years. The hotel featured large redwood paneled hydraulic elevators which were known as rising rooms, each guest room or suite was equipped with a private bathroom as well as an electric call button to summon a member of the hotels staff. On November 25,1890, Mōʻī, David Kalakaua visited California aboard the U. S. S, charleston with business between the Kingdom of Hawaii and the US Government. Kalakaua, whose health had been declining, stayed in a suite at the Palace Hotel, traveling throughout Mexico and Southern California and reportedly drinking excessively, the monarch suffered a stroke in Santa Barbara and was rushed back to San Francisco. Kalakaua fell into a coma in his suite on January 18, the official cause of death, listed by US Navy officials was that the king had died from Brights Disease. The most notable feature of the hotel was the Grand Court that served as an area for horse-drawn carriages. The area was converted to the palm filled Garden Court a few years before the 1906 earthquake, where shall we find its equal. You must yield the palm to your great Western rival, as far as structure goes, there is no other hotel building in the world equal to this. The court of the Grand at Paris is poor compared to that of the Palace, andrew Carnegie, Round the World Free guided tours of the hotel are led by volunteers of the San Francisco City Guides, a program of the San Francisco Public Library. Although the hotel survived the damage from the early morning April 18,1906, San Francisco earthquake
36.
Salesforce Tower
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Salesforce Tower, formerly known as the Transbay Tower, is a 1, 070-foot supertall office skyscraper under construction in the South of Market district of downtown San Francisco. When completed, the tower will be the tallest in San Francisco, with a top roof height of 970 feet and an overall height of 1,070 feet, it will be the second-tallest building west of the Mississippi River after the Wilshire Grand Center in Los Angeles. Developer Hines, with a proposal by architect César Pelli, was selected as the winner of a competition in 2007 to entitle. In 2012, Boston Properties acquired a 50% stake in the project, the site of the tower was in a dilapidated area, formerly used as a ground-level entrance to the San Francisco Transbay Terminal, which was demolished in 2011. The TJPA sold the parcel to Boston Properties and Hines for US$192 million, actual below-grade construction work started in late 2013. The project is a joint venture between general contractors Clark Construction and Hathaway Dinwiddie Construction, the development was originally contracted on spec, meaning the developer-owner did not have a major tenant lease secured beforehand. On April 11,2014, Salesforce. com announced that it signed a lease for 714,000 square feet on floors 1, 3–30, previously known as the Transbay Tower, the building was renamed Salesforce Tower. The lease was valued at US$560 million over 15 and a half starting in 2017. The tower is expected to be completed in 2018 and will have 61 floors, the original proposal called for a 1, 200-foot tower, but the height was later reduced. It will be the tallest building in San Francisco, surpassing the Transamerica Pyramid by more than 200 feet, the tower is expected to become the second-tallest building in the Western United States. A facebook group critical of the design gained over 700 likes. Despite the tower not being completed, San Francisco Curbed readers rated Salesforce Tower as one of the 20 ugliest buildings in the city. Many also noted their disappointment that the tower, built on formerly state-owned land and claiming the highest elevation point in San Francisco, satirical blogs have also ridiculed the tower for its provocative shape
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Skyscraper
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A skyscraper is a tall, continuously habitable building having multiple floors. When the term was used in the 1880s it described a building of 10 to 20 floors. Mostly designed for office, commercial and residential uses, a skyscraper can also be called a high-rise, for buildings above a height of 300 m, the term supertall can be used, while skyscrapers reaching beyond 600 m are classified as megatall. One common feature of skyscrapers is having a steel framework that supports curtain walls and these curtain walls either bear on the framework below or are suspended from the framework above, rather than resting on load-bearing walls of conventional construction. Some early skyscrapers have a frame that enables the construction of load-bearing walls taller than of those made of reinforced concrete. Modern skyscrapers walls are not load-bearing, and most skyscrapers are characterized by surface areas of windows made possible by steel frames. However, skyscrapers can have curtain walls that mimic conventional walls with a surface area of windows. Modern skyscrapers often have a structure, and are designed to act like a hollow cylinder to resist wind, seismic. To appear more slender, allow less wind exposure, and transmit more daylight to the ground, many skyscrapers have a design with setbacks, a relatively big building may be considered a skyscraper if it protrudes well above its built environment and changes the overall skyline. The maximum height of structures has progressed historically with building methods and technologies, the Burj Khalifa is currently the tallest building in the world. High-rise buildings are considered shorter than skyscrapers, the first steel-frame skyscraper was the Home Insurance Building in Chicago, Illinois in 1885. Even the scholars making the argument find it to be purely academic and this definition was based on the steel skeleton—as opposed to constructions of load-bearing masonry, which passed their practical limit in 1891 with Chicagos Monadnock Building. What is the characteristic of the tall office building. The force and power of altitude must be in it, the glory and it must be every inch a proud and soaring thing, rising in sheer exaltation that from bottom to top it is a unit without a single dissenting line. Some structural engineers define a highrise as any vertical construction for which wind is a significant load factor than earthquake or weight. Note that this criterion fits not only high-rises but some other tall structures, the word skyscraper often carries a connotation of pride and achievement. A loose convention of some in the United States and Europe draws the limit of a skyscraper at 150 m or 490 ft. The tallest building in ancient times was the 146 m Great Pyramid of Giza in ancient Egypt and it was not surpassed in height for thousands of years, the 14th century AD Lincoln Cathedral being conjectured by many to have exceeded it
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345 California Center
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345 California Center is a 48-story office tower in the financial district of San Francisco, California. Completed in 1986, the 211.8 m tower is the third-tallest in the city after the Transamerica Pyramid and 555 California Street if the spires are included and it was originally proposed to be 30 m taller. 345 California is in the middle of a block with buildings on each of the four corners. Initially planned as condominiums, the top 11 floors of the building are the Loews Regency San Francisco hotel, several glass skybridges offer views of the San Francisco Bay Area. The Loews Regency has the street address 222 Sansome, with a different entrance, San Francisco, A Guide To Recent Architecture. Mandarin Oriental, San Francisco official website
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Millennium Tower (San Francisco)
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Millennium Tower is a 58-story,196.6 m condominium skyscraper completed in 2009 in the South of Market district in downtown San Francisco. A mixed-use, primarily residential structure, it is the tallest residential building in San Francisco, the blue-gray glass, late-modernist tower is bounded by Mission, Fremont, and Beale Streets, and the north end of the Transbay Transit Center site. The building was opened to residents on April 23,2009 and its highest level,58 floors above the ground, is listed as the 60th, because floors 13 and 44 are missing for superstitious reasons. In 2016, the building was found to be both sinking and tilting, tenants received official disclosure of the structure issues in May 2016, a few months before the news went public. The US$350 million project was developed by Millennium Partners of New York City, designed by Handel Architects, engineered by DeSimone Consulting Engineers and constructed by Webcor Builders. At 645 ft, it is the tallest concrete structure in San Francisco, the fourth tallest building in San Francisco overall, and it was also the tallest residential building west of the Mississippi River when finished. The tower is slender, with each floor containing 14,000 sq ft of floor space, in addition to the 58-story tower, there is a 125 ft, 11-story tower on the northeast end of the complex. Between the two towers is a 43 ft, two-story glass atrium, in total, the project has 419 units. The residences are said to be the priciest on the West Coast, the bottom 25 floors of the main tower are called Residences while the floors from 26 to the top have the name Grand Residences. The 53 units in the separate 12-story tower are called the City Residences, below street level, there are 434 parking spaces in a five-level subterranean garage located under the 11-story tower. The building is located next to the site of the future Transbay Transit Center, overall, the towers design is intended to resemble a translucent crystal, and is a landmark for the Transbay Redevelopment and the southern skyline of San Francisco. Millennium Tower is also home to RN74, a restaurant and wine bar under the direction of Chef Michael Mina, Millennium Partners first proposed the development in 2002 with 163 condominiums,108 rentals and a 136-unit extended stay hotel rooms. The project was approved in 2003 by the S. F, Planning Commission 4–1 and construction began in 2005. The only against vote came from Planning Commissioner Sue Lee, on September 6,2010, Dan Goodwin, also known as SpiderDan and Skyscraperman, scaled the outside of the tower using suction cups. Following the climb, Goodwin was arrested by the San Francisco police, in 2013, the building sold its final unit, generating US$750 million in total sales, a 25 percent return on the estimated US$600 million in development costs. In 2016, it was released to the public that the building was sinking and tilting, the foundation of the structure is a concrete slab built on 60–90 feet deep concrete friction piles into mud fill and sand, which is a poor ground type for supporting large structures. A number of buildings in this part of San Francisco required use of end-bearing piles. An examination in 2016 showed the building had sunk 16 inches with a tilt at the base
40.
One Rincon Hill
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One Rincon Hill is an upscale residential complex on the apex of Rincon Hill in San Francisco, California, United States. The complex, designed by Solomon, Cordwell, Buenz and Associates and developed by Urban West Associates and it is part of the San Francisco Skyline and is visible from Mt. Diablo and Port of Oakland. The taller tower, One Rincon Hill South Tower, was completed in 2008, the shorter tower, marketed as Tower Two at One Rincon Hill, was completed in 2014 and reaches a height of 541 feet with 50 stories. The South Tower contains high-speed elevators with special features for moving residents effectively, both skyscrapers and the townhomes contain a total of 709 residential units. The building site, located next to the western approach of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge. The clock tower was demolished shortly after the city approved the One Rincon Hill project, construction of the townhomes and the South Tower lasted from 2005 to 2008, but was stopped for brief periods of time due to seismic concerns and a construction accident. As the South Tower neared completion, it generated controversy concerning view encroachment, high pricing, the complex is on a 1.3 acres parcel on the apex of the Rincon Hill neighborhood. The site is bounded by Harrison Street to the west, the Fremont Street exit ramp to the north, the approach to the Bay Bridge on the east, Solomon, Cordwell, Buenz and Associates, a Chicago architectural firm, designed the complex. The developer of complex is Urban West Associates, headed by Mike Kriozere. The developers headquarters are in San Diego, although all its highrise projects over 14 stories are in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Rincon Hill complex is the second project in San Francisco, with the first being ONE Embarcadero South. According to the developer the total cost of the Rincon Hill project was US$290 million, the complex consists of two buildings joined together at the base by a row of townhomes. The South Tower and North Tower rise 641 ft and 541 ft above the corner of Fremont and Harrison streets, the North Tower has 50 floors, while the South Tower has 60. Because of the sloped Rincon Hill site, the South Towers lobby floor or the 1st Street entrance is on the floor. It is also one of the tallest all-residential towers west of the Mississippi River, the architectural style for both buildings of the Rincon Hill complex is late-modernist. The three sides of the South Tower facing southeast, northeast, and northwest have a linear glass curtainwall, the North Tower has a similar design, except it is shorter and the curved aluminum and glass side faces northeast. Both skyscrapers of the Rincon Hill project contain an oval-shaped crown housing mechanical equipment, the crown of the South Tower contains a band of 25 LED floodlights that remain lit all night. Each LED light consumes little energy and has a lifetime of 40,000 hours and these lights are used to signal the weather, just like the lights on the John Hancock Tower in Boston
41.
101 California Street
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101 California Street is a 48-story office skyscraper completed in 1982 in the Financial District of San Francisco, California. The 183 m tower, providing 1,250,000 sq ft of space, is bounded by California, Davis, Front. The faceted cylindrical tower features a seven-story, glass-enclosed lobby and a plaza with flower beds. During the holiday season, a platform with many oversized Christmas ornaments is added to the plaza, the buildings entrance is very similar to that of 101 Park Avenue in New York City, and was also designed by Philip Johnson and John Burgee in 1982. The eight stairwells throughout the building are intended for use only. The building is the site of what has become known as the 101 California Street shootings, a mass murder which occurred there in 1993. On July 1, Gian Luigi Ferri, a client of the law firm Pettit & Martin, entered their offices on the 34th floor and killed eight people. The event was a catalyst in the passage of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, a terraced garden in the plaza in front of the building is now dedicated to the victims. 101 California property website 101 California at Hines Interests Limited Partnership
42.
Market Center (San Francisco)
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It served as the headquarters of the Chevron Corporation until 2001. 575 Market Street is a 40-story,175 m building completed in 1975,555 Market Street is the shorter tower at 95 m with 22 stories, and was completed in 1964. The two buildings are surrounded by small ornamental plazas, both buildings are terra cotta over a granite base. Chevron occupied the Market Center complex from 1965 until 2001 when it moved its headquarters to its campus in San Ramon, in 1999, Chevron sold the two buildings to Tishman Speyer and Travelers Real Estate Ventures for US$189.1 million and leased back the office space. At the time the company moved its headquarters, it had already moved most workers to San Ramon. By 2003, the complex was 83 percent vacant, and a joint venture between DivcoWest Properties and RREEF bought the property for US$79.5 million, in 2010, RREEF sold the complex to Manulife Financial for US$267 million. List of tallest buildings in San Francisco Official website
43.
One Market Plaza
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One Market Plaza is a complex of three office buildings at 1 Market Street along the San Francisco Embarcadero. The complex was renovated in 1996 by the architect firm César Pelli & Associates Architects, in Spring 2014 a new renovation began, which is still ongoing. An $88 million renovation brought modern amenities such as air conditioning and it later hosted the headquarters of Del Monte Foods for ten years on the buildings top three floors. Paramount Group buys half interest in One Market Plaza, One Market Plaza at Emporis Southern Pacific Building at Emporis
